GRAMMAR:

1) PAST BE PASSIVE :
Lt. Hill flew the plane.
The plane was flown by lt. Hill.
V3
My father gave me this watch.
1 2
1- I was given this watch by my father.
2- This watch was given me by my father.
The letter was typed by the secretary.
These shoes weren’t made in the U.S.
We were all invited to Jeff’s party.
Where was cp. Clark stationed?
Was the story written by someone famous?
Melvin wasn’t told about the meeting today.
V3

2)BOTH...AND / NOT ONLY...BUT ALSO / EITHER...OR / NEITHER...NOR :

Both Janet and her sister arrived last night.
Both Mike and John were late today. (plural)
Jane is both pretty and intelligent.
He is not only intelligent but also wealthy.
Not only the banks but also the post office is close on Sunday. (because post office is singular.)
The waiter was not only rude but also very careless.
You can either go with me or stay here.
Either you live now or you miss your plane.
We can either get on this bus or wait for the next one.
Roy drives neither carelessly nor fast.
Neither Jeff nor Ed is going to the game. ( because Ed is singular.)
Bill would neither drive a car nor ride a bicycle.

3) INDIRECT SPEECH :
Excuse me. Where is the post office?
He asked me where the post office was.
When do you exercise?
Did Joe ask you when you studied?
No, he asked me when I exercised.
John asked Ed what time it was.
She asked Janet when she was going to the mall.
Kevin asked her how she operated that machine.
Cp. Asked Sgt. Why Sgt. Vale wore his civilian
clothes to work.
Tina asked Sara what address she had for Mike.
He asked Smith whose hat this was.
He asked my dad why he sat here every night.
GRAMMAR:

1) ANTICIPATORY IT :
It is possible (that) someone made a mistake. Is it true (that) Col. Martin plans to retire soon?
It was clear (that) the party was over. Is it likely (that) you’ll be promoted this year?
It’s luck no one was injured in the accident. It is possible (that) it was sent to the wrong address.

2) IF CLAUSES : ( if + V2  would / could / might.......)

If he exercised regularly , he would probably feel better.
If you called Steve now , you might be able to reach him.
If we left earlier , we could get home before dark.
If I were you , I would follow the doctor’s advice.
If he didn’t get up late , he wouldn’t be late for work.
If her writing weren’t very messy , his boss could read all of his reports.
If the service weren’t too slow , we might eat that restaurant often.

3) WISH :
I wish I knew his address. (but, I don’t have)
I wish I could drive. (but now, I can’t drive)
She wishes she were an actress. (but now, she’s not)
He wishes he would be going on leave now.
She wishes she could retire next year.
I wish I had a red sports car.
He wishes he lived in Hollywood.
She wishes she would be a good cook.

4) USED TO / BE USED TO – BE ACCUSTOMED TO :

Harry used to work in an office downtown.
Janet used to teach classes at the university.
They used to ride to work together everyday.
used to + infinitive without to
They are used to beef and potato for dinner.
Jean isn’t used to eating supper at six o’clock.
We are accustomed to dry weather in Arizona.
I wasn’t accustomed to carrying an umbrella.
be used to / be accustomed to + noun / gerund
GRAMMAR:

1) VERB + DIRECT OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE :

The Col. warned them not to tell anyone about the work.
He didn’t permit the soldiers to ask many questions.
The major didn’t allow anyone to leave the room.
They require their customers to pay in advance.
The colonel had selected them to do a special job.
When do they expect the check to arrive?
I advice you to make a reservation.
We expect everyone to leave the meeting.
He instructed the captain to help them.
He will help me to supervise the work.
I want you to watch out for the baby.
Joan asked me to call you.

2) NEGATIVE QUESTIONS :
Were you not at the meeting? Wasn’t the game postponed?
Weren’t you at the meeting? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.

Did the secretary not notify you?
Didn’t the secretary notify you?
Why was everyone not told about it?
Why wasn’t everyone told about it?
Why didn’t you leave the waiter a tip?
Who doesn’t understand the problem?
Hasn’t Sgt. Palmer been promoted, too?
Which states hasn’t he visited?
When isn’t the general very busy?

3) TAG QUESTİONS :
You are a pilot, aren’t you? He is not a pilot, is he?
They study a lot, don’t they? We can’t leave now, can we?
We can leave now, can’t we? He never studies, does he?

4) CAN’T / COULDN’T :
We got paid today. You can’t be broke. It couldn’t be raining.(there wasn’t a cloud in the sky.)
It’s to early. You couldn’t be hungry. He can’t be saving any. (He always borrows from friends.)
He can’t be laughing at you. She couldn’t be ready now. (We’ll have to wait.)
GRAMMAR:

1) HAVE / MAKE / GET :

Frank had the salesman bring him a larger coat.
Mrs. Dow can’t make her husband take his medicine.
They made the store manager give them a guarantee.
Nancy will have the children play games at the party. Have / make someone do something
Why don’t you have Bill read that report? Get someone to do something
Marilyn got Nick to tape the report for her.
When can you get Jim to go with you?
Can’t you get someone to help you with that job?
The doctor got Al to promise that he’d stop smoking.

2) May – Might – Could have / Must have / Should – Ought to have + V3 :

They aren’t hungry. They must have already eaten. The secretary may have gone to lunch.
She drove too fast. She should have driven slower. He might have had a headache.
She failed the test. she ought to have studied harder. She could have enjoyed very much.
She shouldn’t have changed lanes without signaling.

3) ADJECTIVE CLAUSES : ( whom / which / that )

The book (which) I wanted was not available.
Is that a book (which) the teacher gave you?
That’s the book (which) I ordered it. Here’s the money (that) I borrowed from you.
The food (that) the cafeteria serves it is tasty.
She’s a person (whom) I’d like to meet. The car (that) he wants it is a used one.
Mr. Smith is an instructor (whom)I studied with him.
The girl (whom) I met her at the play left early.

4) SUFFIX – MENT :
Advertisement Retirement Argument Employment
Agreement Enlistment Attachment Measurement
Appointment Government Disagreement Placement

Can you attach this to the light for me?

No, the attachment has to be made by an electrician.

Did the company employ last week?

No, his date of employment was the first of this month.