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Fisher Et Al (2017) - Combining ND Isotopes in Monazite and HF Isotopes in Zircon To Understand Complex Open-System Processes in Granitic Magmas
Fisher Et Al (2017) - Combining ND Isotopes in Monazite and HF Isotopes in Zircon To Understand Complex Open-System Processes in Granitic Magmas
Fisher Et Al (2017) - Combining ND Isotopes in Monazite and HF Isotopes in Zircon To Understand Complex Open-System Processes in Granitic Magmas
ments (LREEs), like monazite, are common in methods, geologic map, monazite and zircon U-Pb
granites, where they control Sm-Nd isotope concordia plots, monazite elemental (X-ray) maps,
*E-mail: Current address: Department of Earth zircon and monazite data tables, whole rock data table,
and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Alberta, systematics and REE partitioning in host mag- and monazite standards results, is available online
Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada; E-mail: mas. Trace element data complement the isotope at www.geosociety.org/datarepository/2017 or on
cmfisher@ualberta.ca. information, allowing examination of the nature request from editing@geosociety.org.
GEOLOGY, March 2017; v. 45; no. 3; p. 267–270 | Data Repository item 2017070 | doi:10.1130/G38458.1 | Published online 9 January 2017
GEOLOGY
© | Volume
2017 Geological 45 | ofNumber
Society America. | www.gsapubs.org
3 For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. 267
California, USA (Fig. DR1 in the Data Reposi- Proterozoic, and in the Cretaceous composed a
A 20 depleted mant
le
tory), is part of a belt of strongly peraluminous source region for the SWP with a bimodal dis-
10
Cretaceous plutons that extends through much 0 .020 ? tribution of both radiogenic (initial positive eHf)
177 Hf =
of the length of the Cordillera in western North 0 176 Lu/ and non-radiogenic (initial eHf ~0) crust. The
range of eHf compositions observed in the mag-
ɛHf
America (Miller and Barton, 1990). The Old -10
Woman–Piute batholith intrudes mostly Protero- .00
6? matic (Cretaceous) zircon grains (-11 to -17)
=0
zoic metamorphic rocks (ca. 1.8–1.4 Ga) of the -20 17
7 Hf demonstrates isotope variability of melts dur-
Lu/
Mojave province. The LREE contents of gran- -30
176
Age (Ma) ing the crystallization of zircon in this sample.
ites and monazites of the SWP have been shown 0 500 1000 1500 2000 (Fig. 1; Table DR2).
to be controlled, in large part, by crystallization The relative REE concentrations of all
and removal of monazite from the magma (Wark B -10 monazite grains in this study are broadly con-
and Miller, 1993). The sample chosen for this sistent with growth in a fractionally crystalliz-
-12
study (SW-1) is the least differentiated of all ing magma. Feldspars have high partition coef-
ɛHf(73 Ma)
characterized samples from the pluton and has -14 ficients for Eu, and as they grow, the remaining
the largest accessory mineral content. The rela- melt is progressively depleted in Eu, which can
-16
tively well understood differentiation of LREE be assessed by Eu/Eu* (i.e., the europium anom-
in the SWP, combined with Nd and Hf isotope -18 aly) in co-crystallizing phases (Schnetzler and
diversity in its monazite and zircon populations 206
Pb/238U Age (Ma) Philpotts, 1970). Monazite has extremely high
-20
discussed below, makes it ideal for examining 65 70 75 80 partition coefficients for LREE and commonly
the Hf and Nd isotope systematics of peralumi- controls evolution of these elements in felsic per-
Figure 1. A: eHf versus age for Proterozoic and
nous granitic magma. Cretaceous zircon in sample SW-1 (Sweet- aluminous melts (e.g., Miller and Mittlefehldt,
water Wash pluton, southeastern California, 1982). As monazite grows, the concentrations of
RESULTS USA). Black diamonds represent inherited LREE are reduced in the remaining melt, result-
Proterozoic-age zircon, while gray diamonds ing in progressively lower elemental ratios of Ce/
denote magmatic (Cretaceous-age) zircon. eHf
Zircon Gd and higher Sm/Nd in monazite growth zones
is calculated at 207Pb/206Pb age for Proterozoic
Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of grains zircon and at 73 Ma for Cretaceous magmatic as crystallization progresses.
from sample SW-1 show strong evidence for zircon. Trajectories denote two apparent The Sm-Nd isotope compositions reveal
the presence of inherited zircon in a substan- trends in source Lu/Hf evident in inherited monazite growth in open and closed isotopic
tial portion of the population, consistent with zircon cores. B: eHf(73Ma) versus 206Pb/238U age. systems (Figs. 3A–3C). The Nd isotope com-
previous SIMS U-Pb investigations (Foster et positions of grains A and B (eNd calculated at
al., 1989; Miller et al., 1992). Some grains are 73 Ma) range from -12 to -20 and -11 to -15
entirely Proterozoic, many have both inherited the inherited zircon, which are similar in age to from interior to exterior, respectively, indicating
cores and younger magmatic rims, and a minor- much of the surrounding Proterozoic basement growth in an open system from an increasingly
ity are entirely Cretaceous (Fig. DR2; Table (Wooden et al., 2012). Moreover, this range is less radiogenic melt with time. In contrast, grain
DR2). U-Pb age and Hf isotopic compositions intermediate between the projected eHf(73Ma) of C has uniform eNd(73Ma) of ~-16.5 over a wide
were determined both for inherited cores and for the two end members. range of REE ratios, as would be predicted for
entirely magmatic grains and rims. The former a grain growing from fractionally crystallizing
was done to document the age and Hf isotope Monazite magma in a closed system.
composition present in the source region, and The U-Pb ages determined for the three mon- The isotopic and elemental patterns recorded
the latter to determine the Hf isotope composi- azite crystals studied (grains A, B, and C) sug- in monazite from sample SW-1 define two dis-
tions of magma. The inherited zircon cores have gest that all grew at approximately the same time tinct arrays: a horizontal array with constant
207
Pb/206Pb ages that range from 1710 to 1070 (ca. 73 Ma). With the exception of part of grains eNd(73Ma) and trace element contents suggesting
Ma, consistent with the ages of basement rocks A and C, the vast majority of ages are consistent fractional crystallization, and a vertical array
present in the region. When plotted in eHf versus to within ~2%–3%, with no evidence for Pro- with a relatively homogeneous Sm/Nd but large
time space (Fig. 1), the inherited cores define terozoic U-Pb inheritance (Fig. 2; Fig. DR3). variation in eNd(73Ma) (Fig. 3A). The bulk rock
two distinct groups at ca. 1.7 Ga; one charac- Contour maps of eNd(73Ma), Ce/Gd, Sm/Nd, eNd(73Ma) composition of -15.8 is in agreement
terized by (juvenile and) highly radiogenic Hf Eu/Eu*, and Y (Fig. 2) in monazite document with the composition defined by isotopically
isotope compositions (eHf = ~+10), and a second the evolution of the melts from which they homogeneous monazite C and the outer part
group with significantly less radiogenic Hf (eHf = grew. Monazite A has little zonation in Ce/Gd, of monazite B (Table DR3). Based on grains B
~0). Projection of this bimodal source to 73 Ma Sm/Nd, and Eu/Eu* across the analyzed section and C, this suggests that, as magma increments
gives a possible range of eHf(73Ma) of ~-4 to -27 of the crystal. Assuming that the large low-Y accumulated, mixed, and crystallized, eNd(73Ma) of
for a magma that is a mixture of these two end region in monazite B represents early growth, the initially diverse melts converged on the mean
members (Fig. 1A). The Cretaceous magmatic zoning is consistent with growth during frac- value of ~-15 to -16. Conversely, the nearly ver-
zircon grains yield a mean 206Pb/238U age of 72.6 tional crystallization, with increasing Sm/Nd tical array in eNd(73Ma) versus Sm/Nd observed in
± 1 Ma (mean square of weighted deviates = and decreasing Eu/Eu* and Ce/Gd (indicating grain A suggests that it may be an early-formed
4.9, n = 12), in agreement with previous age feldspar and monazite crystallization, respec- grain that crystallized in an open system domi-
estimates of the intrusion based on zircon and tively) (Fig. DR4). Monazite C has a wide range nated by non-radiogenic Nd isotope composition.
monazite (Kingsbury et al., 1993) and with the of REE ratios but uniform eNd(73Ma).
monazite data in the present study. Constraints on the Origin of the
Magmatic zircon yielded a large range DISCUSSION Sweetwater Wash Pluton
of eHf(73Ma) (–11 to –17) (Fig. 1B), beyond the The two groups in the eHf versus time plot Monazite and zircon analyses reveal that the
expected reproducibility of a homogeneous zir- (Fig. 1) suggest that the source rocks of the SWP magma was not isotopically homogeneous
con population but within the range predicted by inherited zircon grains crystallized in the early throughout its crystallization but rather evolved
mixing
0.12 monazite
monazite FC
cor
ɛNd (73 Ma)
0.09 core
e
0.08 -13 rim
0.07 SW1- bulk
-15
0.06 Sm/144Nd grain B Sm/144Nd magma
147 147
Sm/ Nd
144 147
core
SW1- -17 rim
0.35 SW1-
grain A grain C -19 unradiogenic source
feldspar FC
rim
0.30 147
Sm/144Nd
-21
0.07 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.15
0.25
0.20
B -7 monazite grain A
-9 grain B
core grain C
0.15 -11 whole rock
SW1-
ɛNd (73 Ma)
40 -17
36 rim
32 -19
28 rim Ce/Gd
-21
24 0 10 20 30 40 50
20
16 C -7 feldspar
12 core
SW1- -9
8 Ce/Gd grain B Ce/Gd Ce/Gd Eu/Eu*=0.61
-11 core
ɛNd (73 Ma)
94 bulk
90 -15 magma
86 core
-17 rim
82 rim
78
74 -19 rim
238
70 Eu/Eu*
66 -21
62 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
58 SW1-
54 UPb age grain B UPb age UPb age Figure 3. eNd(73Ma) versus Sm/ Nd (A), eNd(73Ma) 147 144