TK - Artificial Lift Method

TK1210772
TEKNIK PRODUKSI MIGAS
Pengampu :
Dr. Adi Ilcham, S.T., M.T.
UPN “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK INDUSTRI
Aditya Kurniawan, S.T., M.T.

JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
METHOD
ARTIFICIAL LIFT
Natural Flowing vs Artificial Lift Well
Remind the nodal analysis: production system could work
(deliver oil from reservoir to surface facility) only if the inflow
curve intersect with the outflow curve.
Outflow
Inflow Pwf = Psep + ΔPflw+ ΔPchk+ ΔPwell Outflow 1
Pwf = Pr - ΔP
Outflow 2
Pwf Pwf
Operating
condition
inflow No intersection
Rate (stb/d) Rate (stb/d)
Flowing Condition No Flow Condition

Several condition lead to the descending of inflow curve or
raising of outflow curve
Inflow Curve Changes
k or h increase rw increase
Pr decrease
S increase
re increase
μo increase
Several condition lead to the descending of inflow curve or
raising of outflow curve
Outflow Curve Changes
Natural Flow vs Artificial Lift
Two methods to induce a no flow well into a flowing well:
1. Manipulating the inflow (raising up the inflow curve):
◦ Pressure maintenance
◦ Well stimulation
2. Manipulating the outflow (lowering the outflow curve):
◦ Lowering the outflow pressure (separator/wellhead pressure)
◦ No choke production
◦ Artificial lift
 Lowering the pressure drop in the well tubing → gas lift method
 Add pressure support in the well → use of pumping
Natural Flow vs Artificial Lift
Pwh Pressure (psia) Pwh Pressure (psia)
No Flow Well
Natural Flowing Gas lift
Well
Pumping
Depth
Depth
ΔP pump
Perforation Perforation
Depth Depth
Pwf Pr Pwf Pr
GAS LIFT METHOD

Gas Lift System
1. Objective: to reduce the pressure
drop inside the tubing.
2. By injecting a gas from the casing
to the tubing, through a pressure
operated valve.
3. The addition of gas into the tubing
will reduce the effective fluid

density thus reducing the Packer
hydrostatic head.
Gas Lift System
Ref: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/27347621_Fluid_mechanical_aspects_of_the_gas-lift_technique
Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages:
1. Applied for producing sandy and gassy oil well.
2. Can be applied for crooked/deviated holes
3. No well depth limitation.
4. Applicable to offshore operations.
5. Lifting/operating costs for a large number of wells are generally
very low.
Disadvantages
1. Need a supply of sufficient lift gas within or near the oil fields.
2. Usually not efficient in lifting small fields with a small number of
wells if gas compression equipment is required.
Operational Pressure of Gas Lift
condition
Initial/static
Gas Lift Start Up (Unloading)
Gas Lift Valve
Closed
Open
Gas Lift Valve
SUCKER ROD PUMP

Introduction
Surface Pump
1. Sucker rod pumping or beam
pumping is a mechanical
equipment to provide an energy
Rod
to lift the fluid from bottom of
well to surface.
2. Consist of three main parts:
downhole pump – rod – surface
Downhole
pump. pump
3. Pump can work as long as the

subsurface pump is submerged by
well fluid
Sucker Rod Pump Component: Downhole Pump
Sucker rod 1. Barrel: to contain the plunger and
Barrel fluid
2. Plunger: to lift the fluid to surface
3. Standing valve: to allow the fluid to
Traveling flow into the barrel and prevent the
valve
fluid to fall/leak down from the
barrel
Plunger 4. Traveling valve: to prevent the fluid
leaking during upstroke.

5. Sucker rod: to deliver the mechanical

Standing
valve work from surface to downhole
pump
Sucker Rod Pump Component: Surface Pump
1. Polished rod: to provide smooth surface and
combined with stuffing box to prevent fluid leakage
at surface during up/down-stroke.
2. Stuffing box: rubber seal to prevent leakage during
upstroke.
3. Bridle: Steel cable to connect polished rod to
horse head
4. Horse head: to provide straight movement of
polished rod.
5. Walking beam, pitman and crank: convert rotating

movement into reciprocating.
6. Gear reducer: to regulate RPM and provide high

torque.
7. Counterbalance: to balance the pumping load
(pump+fluid) during rotating motion.
8. Prime mover: engine to supply the energy for
motion
Sucker Rod Pump Design: API RP-11L
Input Data:
Pumping capacity (liquid rate)
required Plunger Stroke
Fluid level Maximum & minimum
Pumping depth Actual Pumping Rate = polished rod load
Sucker rod design 0.1166 x Sp x RPM x D2p
RPM & Stroke length
Peak Torque
Counterbalance
Horsepower
Requirement
Surface Pump Selection
Advantages & Disadvantages of Pumping Unit
Advantages
1. Simple and easy for operation
2. Applicable for low pressure well
3. Flexibility for different operating condition.
Disadvantages:
1. Not applied for deviated well, well with solid and gas production
2. Limited depth
3. Not applicable for offshore operation due to bulky surface
pumping unit
ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP (ESP)

Introduction
1. Electric submersible pump (ESP)
is a type of centrifugal pump
2. Electrical power supplied to
electric motor is used to rotate
the impeller that accelerate the
fluid from pump intake.
3. The velocity head of the fluid is
than converted into pressure
head by diffuser.
4. Overall equipment (especially the

pump intake) is submerged in the
fluid inside the well.
Multi stages ESP
ESP Performance Curve
Advantages & Disadvantages of ESP
Advantages
1. Suitable for high liquid rate operation
2. No problem for deviated well
3. Required little space in the surface → suitable for offshore
operation.
Disadvantages:
1. Required high voltage electricity

2. Not suitable for deep and high temperature reservoir

3. Relatively high cost for installation and repairing.
4. Existent of gas and solid would be troublesome.
OTHER ARTIFICIAL LIFT METHOD

UPN “VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA Hydraulic Piston Pump
(PCP)
Progressing Cavity Pump
Plunger Lift
Hydraulic Jet Pump
Artificial Lift Screening Criteria (Weatherford)
THANK YOU

TK - Artificial Lift Method

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TK1210772

TEKNIK PRODUKSI MIGAS

Aditya Kurniawan, S.T., M.T.

Rate (stb/d) Rate (stb/d)

Flowing Condition No Flow Condition

GAS LIFT METHOD

will reduce the effective fluid

density thus reducing the Packer

SUCKER ROD PUMP

3. Pump can work as long as the

leaking during upstroke.

5. Sucker rod: to deliver the mechanical

5. Walking beam, pitman and crank: convert rotating

6. Gear reducer: to regulate RPM and provide high

ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP (ESP)

4. Overall equipment (especially the

1. Required high voltage electricity

2. Not suitable for deep and high temperature reservoir

OTHER ARTIFICIAL LIFT METHOD

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