ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS: PHARMACOLOGY

HEPARIN
November 02, 2020
Transcribers: Celada, Kyrriel J.
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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS ADVERSE REACTIONS
⎯ Heparin: Venous thromboembolism, ⎯ Bleeding
Disseminated intravascular coagulation and ⎯ Bruising
Acute myocardial infarction ⎯ Hematoma formation
⎯ Warfarin: thromboembolism ⎯ Necrosis of the skin
⎯ Antiplatelet: Several indications ⎯ Thrombocytopenia

PHARMACOKINETIC
⎯ Heparin: Continuous IV infusion
⎯ Warfarin: Oral anticoagulants
⎯ Antiplatelet: Oral- 1-2 hours and IV – 15-20
minutes
PHARMACODYNAMICS
⎯ Heparin: Inhibits the formation of thrombin
and fibrin by activating antithrombin III
⎯ Warfarin: Alters the ability of the liver to
synthesize vitamin and K–dependent
clotting factors
⎯ Antiplatelet: Aspirin inhibits clot formation
by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandin
and Clopidogrel inhibits platelet aggregation
by inhibiting platelet fibrinogen binding
IMPLEMENTATION
⎯ Carefully and regularly monitor PTT.
Anticoagulation is present when PTT values
are 11 /2 to 2 times the control values.
⎯ Don’t administer heparin IM; avoid IM
injections of any anticoagulant, if possible.
⎯ Keep protamine sulfate available to treat
severe bleeding caused by the drug.
⎯ Notify the prescriber about serious or
persistent adverse reactions.
⎯ Maintain bleeding precautions throughout
therapy.
⎯ Administer IV solutions using an infusion
pump, as appropriate.
⎯ Avoid excessive IM injection of other drugs,
to minimize the risk of hematoma.

DRUG INTERACTIONS
⎯ Oral anticoagulants
⎯ NSAIDs Iron dextran
⎯ Antihistamines
⎯ Digoxin
⎯ Nicotine
⎯ Nitroglycerin
⎯ Protamine sulfate

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