DEPARTMENTOFBASI

CMECHANICALENGI
NEERI
NG
DELHITECHNOLOGI
CALUNI
VERSI
TYBAWANAROAD.DELHI–110042

I
NNOVATI
VEPROJECTREPORTON“ DESI
GNANDFABRI
CATI
ONOF
MOTORISEDSCREW JACK“

SUBMI
TTEDBY:

NAME:RHYTHM SOLANKY NAME:ABHAYSHARMA

ROLLNUMBER:
2K20/B18/
69 ROLLNUMBER:2K20/
B18/
77

UNDERTHESUPERVI
SIONOF
PROF.RAJI
VCHAUDHARY

DECLARATI
ON
 WEHEREBYCERTI FYTHATTHEWORK, WHI
CHI SPRESENTEDINTHE
PROJECTENTITLEDDESI GNANDFABRI CATI
ONOFMOTORI SEDSCREW
JACKISFULFILLEDOFTHEREQUI REMENTFORTHEAWARDOFTHE
DEGREEOFBACHELOROFTECHNOLOGYI NENGI NEERING
MATHEMATICSANDSUBMI TTEDTOTHEDEPARTMENTOFBASI C
MECHANICALENGI NEERING,
DELHITECHNOLOGI CALUNIVERSITY,DELHII
SANAUTHENTI CRECORD
OFOUROWN, CARRIEDOUTUNDERTHESUPERVI SI
ONOFRAJI V
CHAUDHARY.THEWORKPRESENTEDI NTHISREPORTHASNOTBEEN
SUBMITTEDANDNOTUNDERCONSI DERATIONFORTHEAWARDFOR
ANYOTHERCOURSES/ DEGREEOFTHI SORANYOTHER
INSTI
TUTE/ UNIVERSI
TY.

NAME:RHYTHM SOLANKY NAME:

ABHAYSHARMA
ROLLNUMBER:2K20/B18/
69 ROLLNUMBER:
2K20/
B18/
77

SUPERVI
SORCERTI
FICATE

2
TOTHEBESTOFMYKNOWLEDGE, THEREPORTCOMPRISESORI
GINAL
WORKANDHASNOTBEENSUBMI TTEDI
NPARTORFULLFORANY
COURSE/
DEGREETOTHI SUNI
VERSITYORELSEWHEREASPERTHE
CANDI
DATE’
SDECLARATION.
PLACE:DELHI
.
SUPERVI
SORNAME:PROF.RAJIVCHAUDHARY
DATE:

SUPERVI
SORSI
GNATURE

BASI
CMECHANI CALENGI
NEERING
DELHITECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY(
FORMERLYDELHICOLLEGEOF
ENGI
NEERING)BAWANAROAD, DELHI
-110042

ABSTRACT
3
With t
he i
ncr easing 
level s 
of  
technology,
 t
he ef
fort
s being put t
o produce any 
ki
nd of 
work has  been cont inuously decr
easing.
 The ef
forts requir
ed in 
achiev
ing
 
the desir
ed output  
can  be effecti
vely 
and 
economi call
y be decreased by 
the 
im
pl
ement ati
on  of 
better desi gns. 
Power  
screws 
are used to 
conv ert
 rotar
y moti
o
n 
into t
ranslatory motion.  

A 
screw jack 
is 
an example 
of a 
power  
scr
ew in 
which 
a small
 f
orce appli
ed i
n a
 
horizont
al pl
ane 
is used 
to 
rai
se or 
l
ower  
a l
arge 
load.
 The 
pri
ncipl
e on which 
it
 
works i
s si
milar
 t
o that 
of 
an i
ncl
ined pl
ane. 

The mechanical 
advant age of 
a screw jack 
is 
the r
atio of 
the l
oad 
appl
ied t
o t
he
 
effort
 appli
ed.
 The screw jack i
s operated by 
turni
ng a lead scr
ew. 
The hei
ght 
o
f 
the 
jack 
is 
adjusted 
by  t
urning 
a lead screw and t
his adjustment 
can 
be done 
e
i
ther 
manual l
y 
or by i
ntegrating 
an electri
c motor.

In 
this 
project
, 
an el
ectr
ic 
motor 
wil
l 
be i
ntegr
ated wi
th 
the 
screw 
jack 
and 
the 
el
ectri
cit
y needed f
or 
the 
operat
ion 
wil
l 
be t
aken fr
om the 
batt
ery 
of 
the 
vehi
cle 
a
nd ther
eby  
the 
mechanical 
advant
age wi
ll
 be 
incr
eased

BASI
CMECHANI CALENGI
NEERING
DELHITECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY(
FORMERLYDELHICOLLEGEOF
ENGI
NEERING)BAWANAROAD, DELHI
-110042

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4
 INPERFORMI NGOURMAJORPROJECT, WEHADTOTAKETHEHELP
ANDGUI DELINEOFSOMERESPECTEDPERSONSWHODESERVEOUR
GREATESTGRATI TUDE.
WEWOULDLI KETOSHOW OURGRATI TUDETODR. RAJIVCHAUDHARY,
OURMENTORFORTHI SPROJECTFORGI VI
NGUSAGOODGUI DELINE
FORTHEREPORTTHROUGHOUTNUMEROUSCONSULTATI ONS.
WEWOULDALSOLI KETOEXTENDOURDEEPESTGRATI TUDETOALL
THOSEWHOHAVEDI RECTLYANDI NDIRECTLYGUIDEDUSI N
COMPLETIONOFTHI SPROJECT.
MANYPEOPLE, OURCLASSMATESANDTEAM MEMBERSTHEMSELVES
HAVEMADEVALUABLECOMMENTSANDSUGGESTI ONSONTHI S
PROPOSAL, WHI
CHGAVEUSTHEI NSPI RATI
ONTOI MPROVEOUR
ASSI
GNMENT.
WETHANKALLTHEPEOPLEFORTHEI RHELPDIRECTLYAND
I
NDIRECTLYINTHECOMPLETI ONOFOURASSI GNMENT.
I
NADDI TION,WEWOULDLI KETOTHANKTHEDEPARTMENTOF
MATHEMATI CSENGI
NEERING,DELHITECHNOLOGICALUNI VERSITY
FORGIVINGUSTHEOPPORTUNI TYTOWORKONTHI STOPIC.

I
NTRODUCTI
ON
5
THEMOTORISEDSCREW JACKHASBEENDEVELOPEDTOCATERTOTHE
NEEDSOFSMALLANDMEDI UM AUTOMOBILEGARAGES,WHICHARE
NORMALLYMANPOWEREDWI THMI NI
MUM SKI
LLEDLABOR.INMOSTOF
THEGARAGESTHEVEHICLESARELIFTEDBYUSINGSCREW JACK.THI
S
NEEDSHI
GHMANPOWERANDSKI LLEDLABOUR.

I
NORDERTOAVOI DALLSUCHDISADVANTAGES,
THEMOTORISEDJACKHAS
BEENDESI
GNEDINSUCHAWAYTHATI TCANBEUSEDTOLIFTTHEVEHI
CLE
VERYSMOOTHLYWITHOUTANYIMPACTFORCE.THEOPERATIONI
SMADE
SI
MPLESOTHATEVENUNSKILLEDLABOURCANUSEITWITHEASE,

THEDEMOTORI SCOUPLEDWITHTHESCREW JACKBYGEAR

ARRANGEMENT.THESCREW JACKSHAFT'SROTATI
ONDEPENDSUPONTHE
ROTATIONOFD.CMOTOR.THISISASI
MPLETYPEOFAUTOMATI ON
PROJECT.THI
SISANERAOFAUTOMATI ONWHEREI TI
SBROADLYDEFI
NED
ASREPLACEMENTOFMANUALEFFORTBYMECHANI CALPOWERINALL
DEGREESOFAUTOMATION.THEOPERATIONREMAINSTOBEANESSENTIAL
PARTOF

THESYSTEM ALTHOUGHWI
THCHANGI
NGDEMANDSONPHYSI
CALI
NPUT,
THEDEGREEOFMECHANISATI
ONI
S

I
NCREASED

DEGREESOFAUTOMATI
ONAREOFTWOTYPES,
VIZ.

 FULLAUTOMATI
ON
 SEMIAUTOMATI
ON

I
NSEMIAUTOMATIONACOMBI NATI
ONOFMANUALEFFORTAND
MECHANI
CALPOWERI SREQUIREDWHEREASINFULLAUTOMATI
ON
HUMANPARTI
CIPATI
ONI SVERYNEGLIGI
BLE.

NEEDFORAUTOMATI
ON
AUTOMATI
ONCANBEACHI EVEDTHROUGHCOMPUTERS,
HYDRAULI
CS,
PNEUMATI
CS,ROBOTI
CS,
ETCAUTOMATIONPLAYSANIMPORTANTROLEI
N
MASSPRODUCTION

6
FORMASSPRODUCTI
ONOFTHEPRODUCT,
THEMACHI
NINGOPERATI
ONS
DECI
DETHESEQUENCEOF

MACHININGTHEMACHI NESDESIGNEDFORPRODUCINGPARTICULAR
PRODUCTARECALLEDTRANSFERMACHI NES.THECOMPONENTSMUSTBE
MOVEDAUTOMATI CALLYFROM THEBINSTOVARIOUSMACHINES
SEQUENTIALLYANDTHEFI NALCOMPONENTCANBEPLACEDSEPARATELY
FORPACKAGI NGMATERIALSCANALSOBEREPEATEDLYTRANSFERRED
FROM THEMOVI NGCONVEYORSTOTHEWORKPLACEANDVI CEVERSA

NOWADAYS,ALMOSTALLTHEMANUFACTURI
NGPROCESSESAREBEI
NG
STOMPEDI
NORDERTODELI VERTHE

PRODUCTSATAFASTERRATE.THEMANUFACTURI
NGOPERATI
ONI
SBEI
NG
STOMPEDFORTHEFOLLOWING

TOACHI
EVEMASSPRODUCTI
ON

TOREDUCEMANPOWER

TOI
NCREASETHEEFFI
CIENCYOFTHEPLATTOREDUCETHEWORKLOAD

TOREDUCETHEPRODUCTI
ONCOST

TOREDUCETHEPRODUCTI
ONTI
ME

TOREDUCETHEMATERI
ALHANDLI
NG

TOREDUCETHEFATI
GUEOFWORKERS

TOACHI
EVEGOODPRODUCTQUALI
TY

LESSMAI
NTENANCE

PARTSOFMOTORI
SEDSCREW JACK
THEMAI
NPARTSOFTHEMOTORI
SEDSCREW JACKAREASFOLLOWS

D.
C.MOTOR(
PERMANENTMAGNET)

7
DESCRI
PTI
ONOFDETOR

ANELECTRI
CMOTORI SAMACHINEWHI
CHCONVERTSELECTRICALENERGY
TOMECHANICALENERGY.I
TSACTI
ONLABANDONTHEPRI NCIPLETHAT
WHENSCUNEED-CARRYI
NGCONDUCTORISPLACEDINAMAGNETI CFI
ELD,
AEXPERI
ENCESSMAGNETICFORCEWHOSEDIRECTI
ONISGIVENBY
FI
RMNG'SLEFTHANDN

WHENAMOTORI SINOPERATION,I
TDEVELOPSTOQUE.THI
STORQUECAN
PRODUCEMECHANICALROTATIONDCMOTORSAREALSOLI KE
GENERATORSCLASSI
FIEDI
NTOSTANDWOONDORSERI ESWOUNDOR

FLEMI
NG'
SLEFTHANDRULE

KEEPTHEFORCEFINGER,MIDDLEFI
NGERANDTHUMBOFTHELEFTHAND
MUTUALLYPERPENDICULARTOONEANOTHER.I
FTHEFOREFI
NGER
I
NDICATESTHEDIRECTIONOFMAGNETICFI
ELDANDMI
DDLEFINGER
I
NDICATES

DI
RECTI
ONOFCURRENTI
NTHECONDUCTOR,
THENTHETHUMBI
NDI
CATES
THEDI
RECTI
ONOFTHEMOTI
ONOFCONDUCTOR.

PRI
NCI
PLEOFOPERATI
ONOFDCMOTOR

8
AUNIFORM MAGNETI
CFIELDINWHICHASTRAI
GHTI NDUCTORCARRYI
NG
NOCURRENTISPLACED.THECONDUCTORISPERPENDICULARTOTHE
DI
RECTIONOFTHEMAGNETI CFI
ELDTHECONDUCTORI SSHOWNAS
CARRYI
NGACURRENTAWAYFROM THEVI EWER,BUTTHEFIELDDUETO
THENANDSPOLESHASBEENREMOVED.THEREI SNOMOVEMENTOFTHE
CONDUCTORDURINGTHEABOVETWO

CONDI
TIONSWHENTHECURRENTCARRYI
NGCONDUCTORI
SPLACEDI
N
THEMAGNETI
CFIELD,
THEFI
ELDDUETO

THECURRENTINTHECONDUCTORSUPPORTSTHEMAI
NFI
ELDABOVETHE
CONDUCTOR,
BUTOPPOSESTHEMAIN

FI
ELDBELOW THECONDUCTOR.

THERESULTISTOI NCREASETHEFLUXDENSITYINTOTHEREGION
DIRECTLYABOVETHECONDUCTORANDTOREDUCETHEFLUXDENSI TYI
N
THEREGIONDIRECTLYBELOW THECONDUCTOR.ITISFOUNDTHATA
FORCEACTSONTHECONDUCTOR, TRYI
NGTOPUSHTHECONDUCTOR
DOWNWARDSASSHOWNBYTHEARROW.I FTHECURRENTINTHE
CONDUCTORI SREVERSED,THESTRENGTHENINGOFFLUXLI
NESOCCURS
BELOW THECONDUCTOR, ANDTHECONDUCTORWI LLBEPUSHED
UPWARDS.

NOW CONSIDERASINGLETEM COILCARRYI

NGACURRENT.INVIEW OFTHE
REASONSGIVENABOVE,THONESIDEOFTHECOI LWILLBEFORCEDTO
MOVEDOWNWARDS, WHEREASTHEOTHERSI DEWILLBEFORCEDTOMOVE
UPWARDS.THEFORCESACTINGONBOTHTHECOI LSIDESWILLBEOFSAME
MAGNITUDE.BUTTHEIRDI
RECTIONISOPPOSITETOONEANOTHER.ASTHE
COLLISWOUNDONARMATURECOREWHI CHISSUPPORTEDBYTHE
BEARI
NGS,THEARMATUREWI LLNOW ROTATE.THECOMMUTATOR
PERI
ODICALLYREVERSESTHEDIRECTIONOFCURRENTFLOW THROUGHTHE
ARMATURE.THEREFORETHEARMATUREWI LLHAVEA

CONTI
NUESROTATI
ON

ASIMPLI
FIEDMODELOFSUCHAMOTORI SSHOWNINFIGUREVI
.THE
CONDUCTORSAREWOUNDOVERASOFTI RONCORE,DCSUPPLYI
SGIVEN
TOTHEFIELDPOLESFORPRODUCI
NGFLUX.THECONDUCTORSARE
CONNECTEDTOTHEDCSUPPLYTHROUGHBRUSHES

9
ASIMPLE2-
POLEDCELECTRI
CMOTORHAS6PARTS,
ASSHOWNI
NTHE
DI
AGRAM BELOW.I
NTHE

 ANARMATUREORROTOR
 ACOMMUTATOR
 BRUSHES
 ANAXLE
 AFIELDMAGNET
 ADCPOWERSUPPLYOFSOMESORT

ANELECTRI
CMOTORISALLABOUTMAGNETSANDMAGNETI SM:AMOTOR
USESMAGNETSTOCREATEMOTION.OPPOSI
TESATTRACTANDLIKES
REPEL.

SOIFTHEREARE2BARMAGNETSWI THTHEIRENDSMARKEDNORTHAND
SOUTH,THENTHENORTHENDOFONEMAGNETWI LLATTRACTTHESOUTH
ENDOFTHEOTHER.ONTHEOTHERHAND, THENORTHENDOFONE
MAGNETWI LLREPELTHENORTHENDOFTHEOTHER( ANDSIMI
LARLY
SOUTHWI LLREPELSOUTH).I
NSI
DEANELECTRICMOTORTHESE
ATTRACTI
NGANDREPELLI NGFORCESCREATEROTATI
ONALMOTI ON.

I
NTHEDI AGRAM ABOVE,
YOUCANSEETWOMAGNETSI NTHEMOTOR,
THE
ARMATURE(ORROTOR)ISANELECTROMAGNET,
WHILETHEFI
ELDMAGNET
I
SAPERMANENTMAGNET( THEFI
ELDMAGNETCOULDBEAN
ELECTROMAGNETASWELL,BUTINMOSTSMALLMOTORSITISNOTTO
SAVEPOWER).

ELECTROMAGNETSANDMOTORS

ANELECTROMAGNETISTHEBASISOFANELECTRI
CMOTOR.YOUCAN
UNDERSTANDHOW THINGSWORKINTHEMOTORBYIMAGINI
NGTHE
FOLLOWINGSCENARI
O.SAYTHATYOUCREATEDASIMPLE
ELECTROMAGNETBYWRAPPING100LOOPSOFWIREAROUNDAAND

10
CONNECTI
NGI
TTOABATTERY.THENAILWOULDBECOMEAMAGNETAND
HAVEANORTHANDSOUTHPOLEWHILETHEBATTERYI
SCONNECTED.

NOW SAYTHATYOUTAKEYOURNAI LELECTROMAGNET,RUNANAXLE

THROUGHTHEMI DDLEOFI
T, ANDYOUSUSPENDEDITI
NTHEMI DDLEOFA
HORSESHOEMAGNETASSHOWNI NTHEFIGUREBELOW.IFYOUWERETO
ATTACHABATTERYTOTHEELECTROMAGNETSOTHATTHENORT, ENDOF
THENAILAPPEAREDASSHOWN, THEBASICLAW OFMAGNETISM TELLS
YOUWHATWOULDHAPPEN: THENORTHENDOFTHEELECTROMAGNET
WOULDBEREPELLEDFROM THENORTHENDOFTHEHORSESHOEMAGNET
ANDATTRACTEDTOTHESOUTHENDOFTHEHORSESHOEMAGNET.

THESOUTHENDOFTHEELECTROMAGNETWOULDBEREPELLEDI
NA
SI
MILARWAY.THENAILWOULDMOVEABOUTHALFATURNANDTHEN
STOPINTHEPOSI
TIONSHOWN,

YOUCANSEETHATTHISHALF-
TURNOFMOTI
ONI
SSI
MPLEANDOBVI
OUS
BECAUSEOFTHEWAY

MAGNETSNATURALLYATTRACTANDREPELONEANOTHER.THEKEYTOAN
ELECTRI
CMOTORISTOTHENGOONESTEPFURTHERSOTHAT, ATTHE
MOMENTTHATTHI SHALF-
TUM OFMOTI
ONCOMPLETES,THEFIELDOFTHE
ELECTROMAGNETFLI
PS.THEFLI
PCAUSESTHEELECTROMAGNETTO

YOUCANSEETHATTHI SHALF-
TURNOFMOTIONISSIMPLEANDOBVI OUS
BECAUSEOFTHEWAYMAGNETSNATURALLYATTRACTANDREPELONE
ANOTHER.THEKEYTOANELECTRI CMOTORISTOTHENGOONESTEP
FURTHERSOTHAT, ATTHEMOMENTTHATTHI SHALF-TURNOFMOTI ON
COMPLETES,THEFIELDOFTHEELECTROMAGNETIPS.THEFLI
PCAUSES
THEELECTROMAGNETTOCOMPLETEANOTHERHALF- TURNOFMOTION.
YOURFLIPTHEMAGNETI CFI
ELDSIMPLYBYCHANGINGTHEDIRECTIONOF
THEELECTRONSFLOWI NGINTHEWIRE(YOUDOTHATBYFLIPPINGTHE
BATTERYOVER).I
FTHEFIELDOFTHEELECTROMAGNETFLIPPEDATJUST
THERIGHTMOMENTATTHEENDOFEACHHALFTURNOFMOTI ON,THE
ELECTRI
CMOTORWOULDSPI NFREELY.

THEARMATURE

11
THEARMATURETAKESTHEPLACEOFTHENAI LINANELECTRI
CMOTOR.
THEARMATUREISANELECTROMAGNETMADEBYCOI LI
NGTHINWIRE
AROUNDTWOORMOREPOLESOFAMETALCORE.THEARMATUREHASAN
AXLE,ANDTHECOMMUTATORISATTACHEDTOTHEAXLE.INTHEDIAGRAM
ABOVEYOUCANSEETHREEDIFFERENTVI
EWSOFTHESAMEARMATURE:
FRONT,SI
DEANDEND-ON.I
NTHEEND-ONVIEW THEWINDI
NGIS
ELI
MINATEDTOMAKETHECOMMUTATORMOREOBVI OUS.THE
COMMUTATORISSIMPLYAPAIROFPLATESATTACHEDTOTHEAXLE.
THESEPLATESPROVI
DETHETWOCONNECTI ONSFORTHECOILOFTHE
ELECTROMAGNET.

THECOMMUTATORANDBRUSHES

THE"FLI
PPINGTHEELECTRICFI
ELD"PARTOFANELECTRI
CMOTORIS
ACCOMPLISHEDBYTWOPARTS: THECOMMUTATORANDTHEBRUSHES.
THEDIAGRAM ATTHERIGHTSHOWSHOW THECOMMUTATORAND
BRUSHESWORKTOGETHERTOLETCURRENTFLOW TOTHE
ELECTROMAGNET,ANDALSOTOFLIPTHEDIRECTI
ONTHATTHE
ELECTRONSAREFLOWINGATJUSTTHERI GHTMOMENT.THECONTACTS
OFTHECOMMUTATORAREATTACHEDTOTHEAXLEOFTHE
ELECTROMAGNET,SOTHEYSPINWITHTHEMAGNET.THEBRUSHESARE
JUSTTWOPI ECESOFSPRI
NGYMETALORCARBONTHATMAKECONTACT
WITHTHECONTACTSOFTHECOMMUTATOR.

PUTTI
NGI
TALLTOGETHER

12
WHENYOUPUTALLOFTHESEPARTSTOGETHER,
WHATYOUHAVEI
SA
COMPLETEELECTRI
CMOTOR:

I
NTHI SFIGURE,THEARMATUREWI NDINGHASBEENLEFTOUTSOTHATI T
I
SEASIERTOSEETHECOMMUTATORI NACTI ON.THEKEYTHI NGTONOTI CE
I
STHATASTHEARMATUREPASSESTHROUGHTHEHORI ZONTALPOSITION,
THEPOLESOFTHEELECTROMAGNETFLI P.BECAUSEOFTHEFLI P,
THE
NORTHPOLEOFTHEELECTROMAGNETI SALWAYSABOVETHEAXLESOI T
CANREPELTHEFI ELDMAGNET' SNORTHPOLEANDATTRACTTHEFI ELD
MAGNET'SSOUTHPOLE.I FYOUEVERTAKEAPARTANELECTRI CMOTOR
YOUWI LLFINDTHATITCONTAINSTHESAMEPI ECESDESCRIBEDABOVE:
TWOSMALLPERMANENTMAGNETS, ACOMMUTATOR, TWOBRUSHESAND
ANELECTROMAGNETMADEBYWI NDINGWIREAROUNDAPI ECEOFMETAL.
ALMOSTALWAYS, HOWEVER,THEROTORWI LLHAVETHREEPOLESRATHER
THANTHETWOPOLESASSHOWNI NTHISARTI CLE.THEREARETWOGOOD
REASONSFORAMOTORTOHAVETHREEPOLES:

I
TCAUSESTHEMOTORTOHAVEBETTERDYNAMI CS.I
NATWO- POLE
MOTOR, I
FTHEELECTROMAGNETISATTHEBALANCEPOI NT,
PERFECTLYHORI
ZONTALBETWEENTHETWOPOLESOFTHEFI ELD
MAGNETWHENTHEMOTORSTARTS, YOUCANIMAGINETHE
ARMATUREGETTING"STUCK"THERE.THATNEVERHAPPENSINA
THREE-POLEMOTOR.

 EACHTIMETHECOMMUTATORHI TSTHEPOI NTWHEREITFLI

PSTHE
FI
ELDINATWO- POLEMOTOR,THECOMMUTATORSHORTSOUTTHE
BATTERY(DIRECTLYCONNECTSTHEPOSITIVEANDNEGATIVE
TERMINALS)FORAMOMENT.THI SSHORTINGWASTESENERGYAND
DRAINSTHEBATTERYNEEDLESSLY.ATHREE-POLEMOTORSOLVES
THISPROBLEM ASWELL.

I
TISPOSSI
BLETOHAVEANYNUMBEROFPOLES,
DEPENDI
NGONTHE
SI
ZEOFTHEMOTORANDTHE

13
DESI
GNOFD.
C.MOTOR
TORQUEI
NAMOTOR

BYTHETERM TORQUE,
ITI
SMEANTTHETURNI
NGORTWI
STI
NGMOMENT
OFAFORCEABOUTANAXIS.I
T

14
I
SMEASUREDBYTHEPRODUCTOFTHEFORCEANDTHERADI
USATWHI
CH
THI
SFORCEACTS

FORANARMATUREOFAMOTOR, TOROTATEABOUTINCENTRE,A
TANGENTI
ALFORCEI
SNECESSARY.THI
SFORCEISDEVELOPEDWITHI
NTHE
MOTORITSELF.

15