Qouestion no:1

What are Enterprise application integration (EAI) and Enterprise information integration
(EII) technologies?

Integration of business applications. This technology is usually aimed for a specific use. This one
has been around for quite some time. In layman's words, EAI links your SAP or Salesforce
systems to other applications such as JDA, Oracle Financials, and vice versa (Faisel et al., 2019).
The majority of EAI systems are PUSH driven, which means that when a transaction occurs in
your Enterprise App, an EAI listener "sees" it and "pushes" it out over the bus or to a centralized
queue for distribution to other apps. Rather of being on-demand, most EAI engines are driven by
"workflow" and "process flow." EII is commonly used to aggregate related data from several
systems.

Enterprise Information Integration can be summed up as a middle-tier query server, but

it's so much more (Panetto & Cecil, 2013). A metadata layer with aggregated business
definitions is included. It also has the ability to communicate via web services, database
connections, or XQuery/XPath (typically) (XML translation). In fact, the metadata layer
is heavily used to define "how and where" data is obtained. It's a PULL engine that waits
for a request, splits the query (if necessary) across heterogeneous source systems
(multiple sources), gathers transactional (mostly) data sets, merges them together (again,
relying on the metadata layer for integration rules), and pushes them out to the requestor;
which could be a web-service, a BI query tool, Excel, or some other front-end application
(like EAI or Message Queuing Systems). (2019, Alies et al.)

How are EAI and EII related to extract, transform, load (ETL)?

When you need to integrate applications in real time for business process automation, EAI comes
in handy. EAI can also be used to make a change (usually to a small collection of records) in one
application and have it reflected in other apps. EII is especially beneficial for supplementing
master data warehouse (DW) data with additional or real-time detail (for example, merging
historical and present data) (Zangana, 2018). This is accomplished by ETL, which guarantees
that the correct data is extracted, converted, and loaded, ready for usage by analysts or
consumption by an EII server. With EII, it ensures that the views you design and build meet the
analysts’ reporting requirements.

How are EAI and EII related to Relational Data Warehouse (RDW)?

Rather of being on-demand, most EAI engines are driven by "workflow" and "process flow." EII
is commonly used to aggregate related data from several systems (Bhattacharya, 2009). A
database, such as a data warehouse, data mart, or operational data store, is the aim of ETL
technology. PUSH technology is available from ETL/ELT. Small amounts of data are passed
through message queues and a succession of stages by EAI middleware, which works as the
workflow engine that integrates apps in near real time. Typically, enterprise data warehousing
operations necessitate moving massive amounts of data in a short amount of time.

Are EAI and EII required, complementary, or alternatives to RDW?

A Real-time Data Warehouse benefits from EAI and EII. With the various volumes of data being
processed, EAI assists in resolving concerns of accuracy and consistency (Fathelrahman &
Shafaghi, 2010). EII aids in determining what data is required at any given time, as well as
resolving latency concerns in an RDW.

Question no: 2

An integrated architecture for supporting this integration was detailed by S. Ansari, R. Kohavi,
L. Mason, and Zijian Zheng. The design can drastically minimize the amount of time spent on
pre-processing, cleaning, and data interpretation, which is generally estimated to take up to 80%
of knowledge discovery initiatives. They stressed the importance of data gathering at the
application server layer (rather than the Web server) to facilitate data and metadata recording,
which is critical to the discovery process. (Zijian Zheng, S. Ansari, R. Kohavi, L. Mason, and S.
Ansari, 2001)

Sergio Focardi and Karsten M. Decker provided a technological review of a range of

mathematical methodologies and software strategies for data mining, i.e., detecting patterns and
regularities in large datasets. The second section of the paper, which follows an introduction to
the subject, explains the fundamentals of a range of data mining methods using supervised and
unsupervised learning. (2011, Karsten M. Decker, Sergio Focardi)

From all of the reports I've read, I've deduced that data mining is a method through which
businesses convert raw data into valuable information. Businesses may learn more about their
customers by employing software to seek for trends in massive batches of data. This allows them
to design more successful marketing campaigns, improve sales, and cut costs. Even while data
mining is fantastic, it has a number of drawbacks when used (Islam, 2017). Techniques,
methodologies, data, performance, and so on could all be blamed for the problems. When the
difficulties or issues are accurately identified and figured out, the data mining measure becomes
useful.
Some of the Data mining challenges are given as under:
 Data mining for various types of knowledge Different users may be interested in
various types of knowledge. As a result, data mining must be able to handle a wide range of
knowledge finding tasks.

 Interactive knowledge mining at different levels of abstraction The data mining process
must be interactive since it allows users to narrow their search for patterns, as well as provide
and refine data mining requests depending on the results (M & C. Reddy, 2011).

 Incorporation of background knowledge Background knowledge can be utilized to guide

the discovery process and to express the identified patterns. Background knowledge can be used
to represent the identified patterns in numerous levels of abstraction as well as in simple terms.

 Data mining query languages and ad hoc data mining Data mining query languages
should be connected with a data warehouse query language and tailored for efficient and flexible
data mining.

• Data mining results presentation and visualization Once patterns are uncovered, they must be
articulated in high-level languages and visual representations. These representations should be
simple to comprehend.

• Dealing with noisy or incomplete data During data mining, data cleaning procedures are
required to deal with noise and incomplete objects. The precision of the found patterns will be
poor if data cleaning measures are not used.

• Pattern evaluation: The patterns found should be intriguing, either because they are common
information or because they are not original.

 Though data mining has a plethora of problems, it is also incredibly valuable when those
hurdles are met. Especially at a time when individuals are excitedly anticipating the challenges
that will confront them with their talent and technology. We live and operate in a data-driven
society, so gaining as many benefits as possible is critical. In this complex information age, data
mining gives us the tools we need to solve challenges and issues (K.U & M.David, 2014). The
following are some of the advantages of data mining:

 It helps companies gather reliable information

 It’s an efficient, cost-effective solution compared to other data applications

 It helps businesses make profitable production and operational adjustments

 Data mining uses both new and legacy systems

 It helps businesses make informed decisions

 It helps detect credit risks and fraud

 It helps data scientists easily analyze enormous amounts of data quickly

 Data scientists can use the information to detect fraud, build risk models, and improve
product safety

 It helps data scientists quickly initiate automated predictions of behaviors and trends and
discover hidden patterns(Feng et al., 2019)
References

 Alies, M., Solovatov, I., & Mitiukov, N. (2019). Reverse and pull-away engines for the
carrier rocket sustainer. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 298).
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800082

 Bhattacharya, S. (2009). Enterprise Information Integration- A designer tool collection

for Information Management. IEEE Beacon, 28.

 Faisel, M., Elbahri, Al-Sanjary, O., Ali, M., Naif, Z., Abdulrazaq, A. P. D. M., & Alzaide,
O. (2019). Difference Comparison of SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft Solutions Based on
Cloud ERP Systems: A Review. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2019.8695976

 Fathelrahman, A. O., & Shafaghi, M. (2010). Leveraging organisation data through EII,
ETL and data replication: methodologies and implementation. International Journal of
Technology Management, 50(2), 208. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2010.032273

 Feng, M., Zheng, J., Ren, J., Hussain, A., Li, X., Xi, Y., & Liu, Q. (2019). Big Data
Analytics and Mining for Effective Visualization and Trends Forecasting of Crime Data.
IEEE Access, 7, 106111–106123. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2930410

 Islam, A. (2017). Data Mining Application for Finding Patterns: Survey of Large Data
Research Tools. American Journal of Neural Networks and Applications, 3(2), 14.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajnna.20170302.11

 K.U, J., & M.David, J. (2014). Issues, Challenges and Solutions : Big Data Mining.
Computer Science & Information Technology ( CS & IT ), 131–140.
https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2014.41311

 M, V., & C. Reddy, L. (2011). A Review on Data mining from Past to the Future.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 15(7), 19–22.
https://doi.org/10.5120/1961-2623

 Panetto, H., & Cecil, J. (2013). Information systems for enterprise integration,
interoperability and networking: Theory and applications. Enterprise Information
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 Zangana, H. (2018). Developing Data Warehouse for Student Information System ( IIUM
as a Case Study ). 20, 9–14. https://doi.org/10.9790/0661-2001020914