Audio_01_22_2020_23_08_19.

mp3
[00:00:01] Ah, for its good.

[00:00:02] Yeah. So. So the bottom line is most fruits are pretty good. Most fruits are
pretty good, especially when eaten as whole fruit. In other words, once you turn it into
juice, you're getting more just the sugar without the other stuff. But also there's a huge
variance in using juicing might be bad.

[00:00:21] Like that might be a scam.

[00:00:22] Well, I'm not saying juicing might be a scam, but especially the kind of fruit
that sweet fruit said a lot of people like to use in juice, like if you drink a whole bunch of
apple juice, which you might think is healthy because apples are great. In fact, you're
mostly drinking very sugary water, depending, of course, on on what kind of apple you.
So here's an example. The most commonly consumed apple in America, I believe, is
the golden delicious. Now, I think one of the red delicious. No golden meaning yellow,
red and luscious is the red one.

[00:00:53] Never been soyo apple. So I never saw the yellow apple. Really? I don't
really. All right. So you don't go to the supermarket. Good audience for this spiel then,
because you plainly know nothing. So I don't see anything. And you're gonna believe it
to be true. But I'm dying to know because I want to eat nutritiously.

[00:01:06] All right. So you gotta do is find yourself some kind of cheat sheet who might
be in a book. There's a great book that I really would recommend called Eating on the
Wild Side by Joe Robinson, who's not a scientist. She's an investigative journalist who
but who she'd read all the scientific papers on this stuff, much of which are contested, I
should say. But the bottom line is you don't want much sugar in your diet. That's the
bottom line. And some fruits have a lot of sugar. Why? Because they've been bred to be
sweet. Because humans like sweet. So, for instance, if you're in the apple realm, if you
look at the difference in glycemic load or glycemic index, sort of between a red delicious
or a golden delicious apple, very, very sweet apples have been bred for many, many,
many generations to be as big and sweet as possible compared those to like a wild
apple or even like a commercial apple, like a granny Smith. That's much tartar. Those
green, they are they do happen to be green. So Granny Smith is probably, I think, the
most nutritional, widely commercial apple, widely available commercial apple, the
United States, simply because it has not been bred to have a whole lot of sugars. So
something like watermelon or green grapes have very have a whole lot of sugar and not
a ton of nutritional content. Some, like berries, tend to be better, but also the difference
between a wild berry and a cultivated berry, which has been cultivated to have more
sugar, more taste. You're always going to get a better. I'm careful how to phrase this
because again, I don't know the science, but I've read the science. You're always going
to do better for your body by having less sugar intake. So if you have the choice
between a handful of wild berries and a handful of big fat cultivated sweet berries, the
wild berries are gonna be better. If, however, you have the choice between a big fat
handful of cultivated sweet blueberries and let's say green grapes or some golden
delicious apple, the berries will be better.

[00:03:03] That's OK. So there. And why is it better? Because there's more meat and
other nutrients compared to the sugar. So you're weighing the pros and cons,
essentially. I guess that's about right. And so here's the question.

[00:03:14] So clearly there's a spectrum of fruit. But let's say you're going to eat the
worst possible fruit. Like, I don't know, a ginormous BlackBerry that's been bred to be
sweet. Compare that to like anything else with sugar, any processed food or sugar.

[00:03:30] Is there a huge difference or a small difference? Not as much a difference as

you think. So like dried fruit, for instance, which I love. Like raisins? Yeah, raisins. Figs. I
mean, think about it. It's concentrated sugar, dried figs, love dried fruit. I love fresh fruit.
I have never heard of anyone eating a fig outside of a fig Newton. Like if you have an
egg outside the house of a cookie cracker. I have never heard of that. You've heard of it
now.

[00:03:54] Dried figs and loving them. And then only later did I realize that they didn't
come that way and that they actually came plump like a little plum. And I love it. So so
basically there's also great for cooking. I mean, great for salads. You slice some really
thin. They're beautiful.
[00:04:08] I mean, essentially, raisin is a dead grape. So you're saying a dead grape?
No. Good.

[00:04:13] I'm saying a dead grape is it's got a pretty concentrated sugar. And so you
shouldn't eat them by the bushel.

[00:04:20] All right. And correct me if I'm wrong, because I seem to marry you. And I
had a conversation once outside of this podcast, a walk in the street. And you said there
was some kind of lightning around the sugar in a fruit. It makes it digest differently in
your body. And again, I'm being totally stupid, naive. I'm looking to you.

[00:04:36] And I don't think I said again, I'm going to be an expert because I think that
it's stupid to assume I'm the expert, as I understand it, from people who do know the
science.

[00:04:44] There are advantages to eating fruit in its entirety as opposed to, like I said,
especially juice, because the amount of sugar is less bad when it's in the construct of.
The whole complexity of the fruit itself, whether that's cellulose or whatever, I don't know
anything about the cellular makeup of it, but I do know that the people who do know that
make that argument. OK, so here's the other.

Audio_01_22_2020_22_53_56.mp3
[00:00:12] Stephen, how are you doing? Great. James, you good? Good. All righty.

[00:00:19] Let's get it over, Steve. How's it going? You know, it's funny you ask me that.
How's it going? Because I want to say, you know, it's a rhetorical question.

[00:00:28] That's exactly why I'm saying it's funny, because I was reading this Quora
question. The person who wrote it said, I've observed that Americans don't have
friendships the way that many other people in other parts of the world do. OK. You know
what nationality. That person was you. It was a European person. It was a Western
European person. That's all I remember, because I will maybe Scandinavian. I'm not
sure.
[00:00:52] One time I had a roommate who was from Western Europe, and he said that
in his country, when someone's friends, they're like friends for life. It's like, though,
exchange blood or whatever. And then in America, people say, Oh, man, you're my best
friend. I love you for life. And then you never talk to them again.

[00:01:08] Well, yeah. And the reason I thought of this is when you said, hey, how you
doing? Now, you and I have to be I would say we're real friends. Yeah, right. I mean,
you know, one time. And so when you ask me, how you doing? If I'm really down, I
would tell you. Yeah, but the point that this person was making is that in America, at
least everybody asks everybody all the time, hey, how are you? I'm fine, thanks. How
are you? I'm great.

[00:01:32] Right. So. So but you can argue that those are chunks of language as
opposed to legitimate questions.

[00:01:38] That is exactly what I would have argued. Two chunks. The language is
really nice way to put it, but this person was using that kind of facile. Hey, how you
doing? I'm great. How you doing? Fine, thanks. When a you don't even know the other
person well and b things may not be fine as an indicator of the fact that Americans are
facile with their language in a way that kind of not precludes necessarily friendship of
the kind of deep sort, but that masks the need necessarily to have it. But now that I say
that I realize it in the last few years I've started to do the opposite. Like my dad who died
when I was a kid. But I really liked him a lot. I mean, I know it may sound obvious, but I
really. My dad was like a really nice guy who liked other people and liked to be nice to
and help other people. He wasn't really able to do that much because he was ill. And
then he died when I was a kid. Like I said, but he was big on like chatting with people.

[00:02:32] And he'd had all these sayings like, you know, give everyone a smile when
you see them because it costs you nothing and it might actually help their day,
whatever. It was just kind of very sunny like that, except for his manic depression which
contributed to killing him. But my point is this. My father was that kind of chatty guy that
as a kid, I was always embarrassed by. But now that I've become dad age, I am chatty
in that same way that my kids are now embarrassed by. And so if we're in a store or a
restaurant and, you know, let's say we sit in a restaurant and let's say the server comes
up and says, hey, how are you guys doing? I will always say, you know, pretty good,
thanks. And how about you or I sometimes will even initiate that conversation? Now, a
lot of times when I see someone, I'll say, hey, how's your day been? That's kind of my
thing. And if they say something like, you know, OK, I'll say, what makes it only okay?

[00:03:22] Why is it not good? And I find that people react to that with almost as Gardell.

[00:03:26] Like you really like. And I don't think they even like it. You'd think they might
like you inviting them to hear their issues. I think it's an invasion.

[00:03:35] I bet you I don't know. I think if they express anything other than the normal
chunk, as we call it, I think they do appreciate it. In fact, I think it's actually a very
healthy practice to try to engage a little more than the average person, kind of take
yourself out of the normal uses of language. I find for me at least if I'm connecting with
more people during the day, I feel better about it.

[00:04:02] Original question of the day about friendship in American friendship versus
friendship in other countries. I don't know if I know enough to have any kind of good
answer. I know I don't know enough to have a good answer to it, but I tend to think that
there's a lot in it. I tend to think that friendships in other countries that I've been, at least
in people that I know from other countries that I've known for a long time, I think
friendship is really a different kind of currency. I think it's like as the dollar is very
different from the euro and the shekel, et et cetera. I think American friendship is quite
different.

[00:04:32] Ok, so let me ask you a question. If right now you ran into somebody you
went to elementary school with. So first through sixth grade, you ran into them and you
haven't seen them since sixth grade, but you were friends with them. Then you would
you were probably be like, hey, how's it going? And like, oh, yeah, you'd still be friends
with them. So I think in other countries, I think the mobility argument, yeah, they're more
likely to know because they don't. Strain's far as we do, right. Like we all stray. Like my
whole family is all over the country. It's not like we ever see each other or anything.

[00:05:04] All right. But here's the question. I don't know if there's research on this. I'm
guessing there's. But I've never seen it. We had the best empirical research that were
available. Do you think that American friendship would be empirically and categorically,
let's say the implication of this question was shallower than friendships in other
countries?

[00:05:27] I would say yes, but I don't necessarily say that's a bad thing. Right. Because
you know that there is a couple studies. One is and this has nothing to do with
friendship, but it's related.

[00:05:37] So if you're looking for a job, you go to your strong ties like the people you're
good friends with or you go to your weak ties like people you vaguely know. So this
study shows that your weak ties are more likely to help you find a job than your strong
ties. So having shallow friendships like lots of them might not necessarily be a horrible
thing.

[00:05:56] And also related to that building, let's say professional relationships on weak
ties would know that theoretically there's gonna be less nepotism and corruption, et
cetera, et cetera. Yes, you may depend on strong ties.

[00:06:09] And then there's another study completely unrelated to that one. I don't know
if you've read Dan Buettner. Blue Zones. So he studies every area of the world. Like
these are cities like Okinawa, one city and Greece, one city somewhere else where
there's an abnormally large amount of disability free centenarians, people who live to be
over a hundred.

[00:06:29] Lu refers to. I don't know why. I don't know why. He called it blues. Okay. But
he shows there that all of them kind of get together every day with their people who are
their friends for the past 80 years. So and there's only like one blues on in the United
States. And it's right here in this recording studio. I will. The author told me that New
York City is close to a blue zone because there's so much walking. I think he mentioned
Yorba Linda, California, was the only actual blue zone in the United States because it's
made up of mostly Seventh Day Adventists.

[00:07:04] And what they do is they take off one day a week to spend the day in nature
and they're all close as friends and everything. So somehow it's that walking and
staying in nature and having friends and laughing, that's actually important.
[00:07:20] So so the fact that there isn't a lot of, you know, blue zones in the US could
suggest that it's not so good that we kind of have shallow friendships.

[00:07:28] One study suggests one thing and understand this is another thing. I like the
fact that.

Audio_01_22_2020_22_45_58.mp3
[00:00:06] This fires at one Australian mayor is a horrifying beast. And this is what it's
like inside the beast, an inferno, raining flame. Unfortunately, we are in uncharted
territory this afternoon. We've never seen this many fires concurrently at emergency
warning alert level.

[00:00:24] The scenes out of Australia are terrifying. Fires still rage across the tinder
dry, drought stricken country. Heavy smoke has turned skies blood red. So far, 26
people have been killed with many others unaccounted for. Scientists are estimating
that there are more than a billion animals dead. Here's how one scientist characterizes
this climate change driven catastrophe.

[00:00:48] To be honest with you, it seems to me like an apocalypse. We have had fires
since the September in different parts of Australia, and it's now getting to the point
where there's a lot of habitat that is burned at midnight. People don't know if it's day or
night and that these red smy can and sky, it's just it doesn't even look real. It looks like
one of those Hollywood movies.

[00:01:20] The fires have gone on so long and the emergency lasted so long that
Australia's magpies have learned to imitate fire trucks.

[00:01:36] And the really terrifying thing is that this isn't even peak fire season in
Australia yet. The shocking scenes we've witnessed so far could be just the beginning.

[00:01:45] This is not just the people that suffer. It's all of your animals. And this is just
heartbreaking to come along here. And the fence lines just littered with animals that
have tried to get out and they've broken through the fences trying to get through. And
look, this is just disturbing news. Really, really disturbing everyone.

[00:02:07] The human suffering is devastating. The damage to Australia's unique

natural landscape is horrifying. Today on the program, we're going to look at both. Apart
from the lost lives and the lost property, the major impact on humans is likely going to
be because of the clouds of toxic smoke that are blanketed the continent, according to
those who study the health effects of breathing in wildfire smoke. What is happening
now in Australia is unprecedented.

[00:02:34] The number of people who've been affected by this smoke, it's not an
isolated event in the country or affecting a city. It's every major capital city in the country
is having severe smoking packs, and particularly our most populous cities, Brisbane,
Sydney, Melbourne and also Canberra.

[00:02:54] That's Dr Fay Johnson, an associate professor of public health at the

University of Tasmania in Australia who studied the health effects from wildfire smoke.
It's been estimated that the air quality in the worst affected parts of Australia right now is
12 times the hazardous limit for air pollution. Just breathing that air is the equivalent of
smoking nearly a pack of cigarettes a day and vulnerable people are suffering as a
result. So Dr. Johnson and her colleagues are in emergency response mode right now,
trying to deal with something entirely unprecedented in her long experience.

[00:03:30] I've been studying the health effects of bushfire smoke in Australia for at least
20 years now, and we've been gradually seeing increases in more serious smoke
events, but nothing like this. This is really a step change from anything I've witnessed
before.

[00:03:45] For more on the science of toxic wildfire smoke, we've reached Dr Mary Nikki
in California. She studied the health effects from California's exposure to wildfires. She's
the director of Air Pollution and health research at the Sean Parker Center for Allergy
and Asthma Research at Stanford University. Dr. Pinsky, welcome to our program.
Thank you both for having me. What goes through your mind when you see how the
how much smoke that people in Australia are being exposed to?
[00:04:15] Well, the situation is just horrific. The exposure levels are higher than people
have ever experienced before. I feel so sorry for the Australians and what they're going
through. And then for everyone that's going to be impacted by that, that smoke is
scrambling for hundreds of miles and impacting other communities.

[00:04:34] Well, what kind of overall effect can wildfire smoke exposure have on our
health?

[00:04:39] Well, we know from previous studies that exposure to wildfire smoke will
cause increases in respiratory disorders, is showing up in emergency room hospital
admissions and deaths. So things such as asthma, exacerbations, COPD, bronchitis,
pneumonia, we'll see an uptick in all those types of respiratory events during your
exposure to wildfire smoke. But in addition, we also know that wildfire smoke causes
increases in cardiovascular diseases, especially for those over the age of 65. You'll see
increases in heart attacks.

[00:05:14] A rhythm is in strokes. In addition, we know that wildfire smoke will also
impact pregnancies. And so for those exposed during wildfires who are pregnant, you
can potentially see decreases in birth weight and also increases in pre-term deliveries.
While.