GRAMMAR STRUCTURES

PRESENT SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT VERB (in present simple) COMPLEMENT

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT NOT INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(do / does)

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB
(do / does) (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB
(do / does) (+ question mark)

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 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
(TO BE in present simple) + - ING

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT NOT COMPLEMENT
(TO BE in present simple) + - ING

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT
(TO BE in present simple) + - ING (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD SUBJECT
(TO BE in present simple) + - ING (+ question mark)

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 PRESENT PERFECT (SIMPLE)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
(have / has) VERB

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE
SUBJECT NOT COMPLEMENT
(have / has) VERB

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT
(have / has) VERB (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD SUBJECT
(have / has) VERB (+ question mark)

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 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
SUBJECT (perfect) (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
(have / has) BEEN + - ING

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
SUBJECT (perfect) NOT (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
(have / has) BEEN + - ING

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE COMPLEMENT
(perfect) SUBJECT (continuous) VERB (+ question
(have / has) BEEN + - ING mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE COMPLEMENT
WH –
(perfect) SUBJECT (continuous) VERB (+ question
WORD
(have / has) BEEN + - ING mark)

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 PAST SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
SUBJECT VERB (in past simple) COMPLEMENT

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT NOT INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(did)

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB
(did) (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB
(did) (+ question mark)

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 PAST PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
(TO BE in past simple) + - ING

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT NOT COMPLEMENT
(TO BE in past simple) + - ING

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT
(TO BE in past simple) + - ING (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD SUBJECT
(TO BE in past simple) + - ING (+ question mark)

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 PAST PERFECT (SIMPLE)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
(had) VERB

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE
SUBJECT NOT COMPLEMENT
(had) VERB

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT
(had) VERB (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD SUBJECT
(had) VERB (+ question mark)

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 PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY (continuous) INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT COMPLEMENT
(had) BEEN + - ING

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT NOT (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
(had)
BEEN + - ING

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY
AUXILIARY INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT (continuous)
(had) + - ING (+ question mark)
BEEN

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY INFINITIVE COMPLEMENT
WH – AUXILIARY
SUBJECT (continuous) VERB (+ question
WORD (had)
BEEN + - ING mark)

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 FUTURE SIMPLE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(will)

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT NOT INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(will)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB
(Will) (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY SUBJECT INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
WH – WORD
(will) (+ question mark)

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 FUTURE PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY
INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT (future) (continuous) COMPLEMENT
+ - ING
(will) BE

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY
INFINITIVE VERB
SUBJECT (future) NOT (continuous) COMPLEMENT
+ - ING
(will) BE

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY
INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(future) SUBJECT (continuous)
+ - ING (+ question mark)
(will) BE

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
WH – COMPLEMENT
(future) SUBJECT (continuous) VERB
WORD (+ question mark)
(will) BE + - ING

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 FUTURE PERFECT (SIMPLE)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY
PAST PARTICIPLE
SUBJECT (future) (perfect) COMPLEMENT
VERB
(will) (have)

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY PAST
SUBJECT (future) NOT (perfect) PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT
(will) (have) VERB

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY
PAST PARTICIPLE COMPLEMENT
(future) SUBJECT (perfect)
VERB (+ question mark)
(will) (have)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY AUXILIARY PAST COMPLEMENT
WH –
(future) SUBJECT (perfect) PARTICIPLE (+ question
WORD
(will) (have) VERB mark)

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 FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS)

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT (future) (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
(have)
(will) BEEN + - ING

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
AUXILIARY
SUBJECT (future) NOT (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
(have)
(will) BEEN + - ING

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
AUXILIARY
(future) SUBJECT (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
(have)
(will) BEEN + - ING

WH - QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY AUXILIARY INFINITIVE
WH - AUXILIARY
(future) SUBJECT (continuous) VERB COMPLEMENT
WORD (have)
(will) BEEN + - ING

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 GOING TO

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY TO BE
SUBJECT GOING TO INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(present simple)

NEGATIVE SENTENCES
AUXILIARY TO BE
SUBJECT NOT GOING TO INFINITIVE VERB COMPLEMENT
(present simple)

YES / NO QUESTIONS
AUXILIARY TO BE COMPLEMENT
SUBJECT GOING TO INFINITIVE VERB
(present simple) (+ question mark)

WH – QUESTIONS (Information questions)

AUXILIARY TO COMPLEMENT
WH – GOING INFINITIVE
BE SUBJECT (+ question
WORD TO VERB
(present simple) mark)

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