HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–1

CHAPTER 5
The Grid Estimator
The Grid Estimator is a preliminary program that receives grid layout, demand density,
and water supply data, then locates the remote area and roughly establishes branch line
and cross main sizes to meet the total demand. When the system is piped to the source
before the estimate, pressure changes due to added pipes are considered during grid
pipe sizing. The report and graphic system diagram are displayed on the screen,
printed, and saved to disk for future reference. If the description is modified or new pipe
sizes are requested, a new result is given.

When the sprinkler data file is generated, the source node data and data for all nodes
and pipes at ceiling level are provided on screen, ready for review and editing. The Grid
Estimator eliminates the sometimes time-consuming task of entering pipe and node
data.

The easiest way to learn to use HASS is to create and balance the small gridded system
given in the following pages.
Page 5–2 HASS USER GUIDE

Assumptions Made by the Grid Estimator

Grid development is based on the following assumptions, but you will probably need to
modify the results to achieve an accurate result. These restrictions generally provide a
slightly conservative starting point. (Once you have the system data on file, it is easy to
"tweak" or "fine tune" the input using General Data Entry/Editing.)

Sprinklers: Each sprinkler is connected directly to a branch line, all sprinklers are
located at the same elevation either immediately above or between cross mains, and are
uniformly spaced along the branch lines.

Branch lines: Each branch line has constant diameter throughout its length, all branch
lines are of the same diameter, and are uniformly spaced along the cross mains.

Cross mains: The cross mains are of equal, fixed diameter, and the riser is tied to the
primary cross main.

Pipe Sizing: It is more economical to increase the diameters of cross mains than branch
lines.

The Grid Diagram:

• The most remote branch line is placed at the top of the

page.

• The primary cross main is to the left, the secondary cross

main to the right.
• The riser connection point is located along the left side
cross main, a distance from the most remote branch line
measured by direct cross main length.

• Nodes are numbered left-to-right, down the page.

• Pipes are numbered left-to-right for the first branch line,

then all additional pipes are numbered down the left side
cross main, across the branch line, and up the right side
cross main.

Automatic Peaking: The remote area is shifted along to the branch lines to the left and
to the right by the specified distance between sprinklers. Therefore, the pipe numbers
for the branch line segments feeding the remote area from the left and from the right are
required.

X-Y Coordinates: The System Layout diagram that accompanies the Grid Estimator
Generator report and the Flowplot Diagram that accompanies the final calculated report
depend on automatically generated X-Y Coordinates as discussed on page 10-8 of this
manual.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–3

Using Pipe Tables

Quick Pipe Data Entry Techniques - The following approach can save you time and
assure accuracy as you use pipe tables while entering pipe data . . .

Determine the type of pipe most used in the system.

Select the pipe table page for the determined pipe type (i.e., A-S40).

Use nominal diameters to enter pipe data (i.e., 2.5 rather than 2.469).

Use a letter prefix with the nominal diameter to select a type of pipe provided on another
page. (The letter prefix refers to the page for that type of pipe - so for thinwall 2.5 inch,
enter B2.5 since thinwall data is given on page B.)

Build additional pages to reference other types of pipe that you routinely use.

Pipe tables and pipe table pages are used for reference in all active HASS program
modules; you can have up to 26 pages in each pipe table with each page containing a
specific type of pipe. The A-S40 page includes those Schedule 40 diameters and
equivalent fitting lengths given in NFPA 13. Non-Schedule 40 pipe table pages have
been adjusted with reference to Schedule 40 pipe for differences in diameter and Hazen-
Williams coefficient (as prescribed by NFPA 13).

HASS provides eight pages of pipe data in the Standard Pipe table: Schedule 40,
thinwall, ductile iron, PVC 150, and copper tube sizes K, L and M table. These pages
illustrate how you can arrange additional pipe table pages designed for your specialized
uses. Multiple pages in pipe tables make it very easy to enter more than one type of
pipe for a sprinkler system layout. For example, as you are entering Schedule 40 data,
you can input a thinwall pipe just by adding a letter ahead of the nominal diameter (B2.5)
to reference the B-THNWL pipe table page and read the pipe as thinwall.

HASS assures that the pipe table used for calculations contains data identical to that of
the pipe table used for data entry. This pipe table assurance check examines each data
file as it is loaded into data entry and identifies any mismatch between the pipe table
specified by the data file and the pipe table to be used for the calculation. Each pipe
diameter and fitting letter code undergoes this comparison and detected discrepancy is
reported to the user for correction.

You can add new pages into an existing table as well as generate a new table from
scratch. When you modify an established pipe table, the new pipe table contains the
same pipe table pages and Hazen-Williams coefficient as the original. When you
generate a new table from scratch, the data for each pipe table page must be based on
a single specified Hazen-Williams coefficient. Every pipe table should include pages of
underground piping, since you can select data from pages in only one pipe table, not
from pages located in another pipe table.

The HASS Fitting Equivalent Length Utility lets you adjust fitting equivalent lengths for
non-Schedule 40 pipe with reference to the Schedule 40 page. Manufacturer's data for
listed materials or devices takes precedence over such adjustments.

(For further discussion of pipe tables, please see pages 12-15/12-18 of this manual.)
Page 5–4 HASS USER GUIDE
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–5

5.1 Developing and Analyzing the Sample Grid (EXERCISE II)

This exercise will cover the step-by-step calculation of a simple gridded sprinkler system.
The concepts introduced here will be the basis for future calculations. You will want to
thoroughly understand each step before you tackle any systems of your own. Here are
the specifications for the sample grid system we will calculate:

Building: Protection Requirements: Test Results (Source):

Length = 112 ft. Density = 0.10 gpm/sq.ft. Static = 41 psi
Width = 108 ft. Area = 1,500 sq. ft. Residual = 28 psi
Height = 20 ft. Hose Streams = 100 gpm Flow = 660 gpm
(Light Hazard)

Now to make some preliminary design decisions, let's choose a branch line spacing of
14 ft. and a spacing between heads of 12 ft. for a coverage of 168 sq. ft. per sprinkler.
We will use standard ½ inch orifice sprinklers (k=5.6).

5.1.1 Providing Initial Grid Input Data

We are ready to go to the Grid Estimator program to select pipe sizes and generate the
sprinkler system data file. Let's assume HASS is installed and the computer is on.

Double click the HASS Icon.

To start a new grid, select Grid|New Grid. (The initial Grid Input Data Screen
appears as shown on the next page.)

For the Job Title, type SAMPLE GRID, then press <ENTER>

To use the standard pipe table, STANDARD.PIP, press <ENTER>

(To use any other pipe table, you may

click on the down arrow to the right for the
pipe table directory, highlight the desired
pipe table and <ENTER> to select).

For the desired pipe table page, right click on the down arrow to the right for the list of
available pages. Select B-THNWL, <ENTER> to select the thinwall pipe table page.

(Or you can use the right and left arrows to

select items in choice lists. The right arrow
moves to the next item in order and the left
arrow moves to the previous item.)
Page 5–6 HASS USER GUIDE

With the building 112 feet long and 108 feet wide, sprinklers can be spaced 12 feet apart
on branch lines and 14 feet between branch lines for a total of 8 branch lines. With a 20
foot roof height and sprinklers one foot below, sprinklers can be located at 19 feet. The
drawings show that the cross mains can be mounted at 18 feet, so a one-foot riser
nipple is needed at each end of each branch line.

For the total number of branch lines: 8 <ENTER>

For the distance between branch lines: 14 <ENTER>
For the total branch line length: 100 <ENTER>
For the riser nipple length: 1 <ENTER>
For the sprinkler spacing along the branch lines: 12 <ENTER>

For density use light hazard: 0.10 <ENTER>

For the remote area size: 1500 <ENTER>
For the NFPA 13 multiplier: 1.2 <ENTER> (Some reviewing authorities
may prefer another factor.)

For the sprinkler discharge coefficient: 5.6 <ENTER>

For the distance from the most remote branch line (We assume the riser connects to the
to the feed main connection point: 100 <ENTER> cross main two feet beyond the end of
the grid; hence 7 branch lines * 14 ft.
spacing + 2 feet = 100.)
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–7

For sprinkler elevation: 19 <ENTER>

For branch line elevation: 19 <ENTER>
For cross main elevation: 18 <ENTER>
For source elevation: 0 <ENTER>

All sprinklers are located between the cross mains. Each riser nipple connects to a cross main
with a tee and to a branch line with an elbow, so,

For sprinkler at the Cross Main: N <ENTER> (Branch line riser nipples can be numbered as
individual pipes . . . useful in optimum pipe sizing, but
we will not use this feature.)
For separate pipes for riser nipples: N <ENTER>

For static pressure at the source: 41 <ENTER>

For residual pressure at the source: 28 <ENTER>
For flow at residual pressure: 660 <ENTER>
For hose stream allowance at source: 100 <ENTER>
For fire pump: N <ENTER> (For further discussion of fire pumps and fixed
pressure loss devices, please see pp. 4-21/4-22.)

To use the Pipe-to-Source option: click on the PTS button

We will assume the plans call for the riser to connect to the end of the left side cross
main. We will intentionally undersize the riser diameter so that we can later show
how to come back to change it. Let's say the riser is 21 feet long, has an elbow (E),
alarm valve (A), and gate valve (G); is 2 ½ inches in diameter, and has a C of 120.

The first pipe is in place on the screen with an elevation of 18 feet, no hose stream, a
length equal to the difference between the grid and source elevations, a 4 inch diameter,
no fittings and a C of 120. We will use this pipe as the riser, accepting all entries but the
following:

<ENTER> <ENTER> 21 <ENTER> 2.5 <ENTER> EAG <ENTER>

(Length) (Diameter) (Fittings) (Nominal diameters, fitting lengths, and
Hazen-Williams coefficient are read from the
active pipe table page, but you can modify
them.)
To add another pipe: <F2>

Now we will add underground piping to connect the base of the riser to the source.

<ENTER> <ENTER> 60 <ENTER> D4 <ENTER> ETG <ENTER> (The D4 diameter reads page D - ductile
iron - of the standard pipe table, along with
the Hazen-Williams coefficient of 140.)

When complete: select Grid|Return to Grid Processing or the Right Arrow Button

Review the data, then select Grid|Estimate Grid or the Right Arrow Button to
continue to the next step.
Page 5–8 HASS USER GUIDE

5.1.2 Reviewing Grid Data

Now that control has advanced to the Grid Data Summary screen, we can review the
pipe sizing results. The Grid Estimator chooses the minimum branch line size that will
supply the system. From the display you can see that with 1.097 inch branch lines and
2.635 inch cross mains, our sprinkler demand requirements appear to be met.

The estimated required pressure at the source is 38.2 psi and the sprinkler demand is
estimated to be 163.6 gpm. This compares favorably with the 38.6 psi the source can
deliver at the total demand (sprinklers plus hose stream allowance) of 263.6 gpm.
(Remember, we intentionally undersized the riser diameter, so for now let's assume this
0.4 psi margin is adequate.)

Selecting the Left Arrow Button returns to the previous screen for any needed changes.

The Grid|Increase Branch Line Button automatically steps up to the next larger branch
line size and determines a suitable cross main diameter. The branch line and cross
main diameters can be changed for analysis.

For the Grid Estimate Report, select Grid|Display Grid Report (Pages 5-13 / 5-16).

5.1.3 Generating the Grid

At this point, you can usually reduce the right side cross main diameter safely by one
pipe size. But for this example let's keep it as it is, so press <ENTER>.

The Grid Estimator reports that the source is at node 27, the node tags at the ends of
the cross mains are 24 and 25, and the number of pipes in the grid is 33. We will save
the sprinkler data to a file we will call SAMPLGRD, so

Select Grid|Goto Data Entry or the Right Arrow Button

Enter the filename in this case SAMPLGRD. (HASS adds the appropriate extensions.)

Before we complete the analysis of our sample system, let's stop and reflect on what we
have done. First, we reviewed the sprinkler system design specifications and decided to
use a gridded pipe arrangement to deliver the water to the remote area. Next, we
proceeded through the Grid Estimator program in a rather straightforward manner. (You
are likely to spend more time with the Grid Estimator than we spent here, because its
parameters are so easy to manipulate and see the effects.)

At this point, the data file describing our sample grid system is incomplete because it is
yet to be calculated. (The Grid Estimator did perform some fairly extensive calculations,
but these by no means represent a full hydraulic analysis of the system.)

Before we calculate the system, let's assure the accuracy of the data entered, and make
any needed changes.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–9

5.1.4 Editing Sprinkler System Data

In the General Data Entry/Editing program, we can complete the data file by adding
node and pipe information and performing a full set of hydraulic calculations.

After going to Data Entry, HASS saves the files and presents the data for you to edit
(with the file name at the top of the screen). A review of the source information shows
that it is displayed as it was entered.

To move the cursor to a new area (source, node, or pipe) you can click the desired area
or use the keypad to go directly to the source using <ALT-S>, nodes using <ALT-N>, or
pipes using <ALT-P> . . . or to move clockwise from one area to another using <ALT-
SPACEBAR>.
When the system is developed without piping to the source before generating the tree,
nodes must be added for the base of the riser by first by pressing the <F2> key to insert
a space to receive data for each new node. Let’s move to the end of the text by clicking
the mouse at the desired point or (with the keypad) pressing the key shared by the 1 and
<END>. (If nothing happens, the keypad is set for numbers . . . press the <NUM LOCK>
then the 1/end).

When in the node window, new nodes may be added at any time by pressing the <F2>
key for a space for new data to be provided below the cursor. Existing node data is
readily edited on the screen. When a grid is developed without piping to the source
before the estimate, additional nodes must be added during data entry. But when piping
is added before pipe sizing, nodes are added with corresponding elevations and K-
factors. In this example, the last two nodes have zero elevations and represent the base
of the riser and the source.

Now, let's move to the pipe window, click in the pipe area.

When you "page down" to proofread the data in the pipe window, note that the last two
pipes are those added prior to the grid pipe size estimate. At this point, you can
compare the grid diagram printout and screen data to assure the accuracy of
connections for added pipes, as well as to verify connecting pipe descriptions.

When you are ready to proceed: select Calc|Calc Wizard or the Calc Button to
advance to the first of the calculation criteria screens.

5.1.5 Providing Calculation Criteria

Calculation criteria is presented by three screens, Edit Calculation Criteria Data, Edit
Peaking Information, and Edit End Head Value as discussed in detail in Chapter 9 of this
manual (or 4-24 thru 4-27). Now let's review the calculation criteria, some of which was
developed during your earlier data entry. Beginning with Edit Calculation Criteria Data,
we will move down this screen, item-by-item, to verify each entry (or you may press
<Enter> to accept all items on this screen as presented).

<TAB> to accept the job title SAMPLE GRID

< TAB > for an imbalance limit of 0.10 gpm (An average imbalance limit of 0.5
is usually adequate.)
Page 5–10 HASS USER GUIDE

< TAB > to automatically peak the remote area (Automatic peaking is assumed for
developed grids.)

< TAB > to accept a 20 psi minimum source pressure (Standard in most municipalities; 10 psi is
acceptable in some jurisdictions).

< TAB > not to use velocity pressures in the calculation

< TAB > to refer to the Standard Pipe Table (directory access to other pipe tables)

< TAB > to refer to the B-THNWL page of the standard pipe table, then

Click OK to go to Edit Peaking Information on completion of this screen.

REVIEWING AUTOMATIC PEAKING CRITERIA

The next screen shows the cursor below 12, the spacing of sprinklers along lines
followed by p i p e t a g s for either side of the area of demand. Checking these
against our diagram, we find that only the pipe tags to the left and to the right of flowing
sprinklers are listed. To proceed on to edit the end head conditions, press <ENTER>.

REVIEWING END HEAD CONDITIONS

< TAB > to specify a minimum end head flow of 16.8 gpm

(HASS assumes a demand calculation with minimum end head

flow and derives the flow from the density, spacing between lines
and between heads . . . 0.1 x 14 x 12 = 16.8. When you want a
supply calculation based on available pressure, enter (0). A
minimum end head flow calculation is usually preferred for quick
comparison of the "required pressure" and the "available pressure"
values at required flow. But you can determine water supply
adequacy with the end head flow shown as zero. When you use
zero (0), all available water is used and the operating point lies
directly on the flow curve. You can readily determine system
water supply adequacy as you compare reported sprinkler
discharge with the required sprinkler flow, 16.8 gpm in this
exercise. You may specify multiple minimum end head conditions
as discussed on page 4-26/4-27 or Chapter 9 of this manual.)

<TAB> to specify the reference node (When the reference node is *Any*, HASS selects
the hydraulically most remote node. You may specify
the reference node. Please see page 4-26).

<TAB> for gpm, rather than psi (Data is not typed in this field.... to access the directory
click the down arrow, then highlight the gpm or psi
choice.)

<ENTER> to continue and to start the calculations.

<ENTER> to save the file in the default location.

HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–11

5.1.6 Calculating the System and Checking the Results

HASS quickly checks your data, passes it on for hydraulic analysis, then displays the
calculation results on the screen. (To make any changes, select Edit|Goto Edit Mode,
<F5>, or the Edit Button to return to General Data Entry/Editing.)

The water supply analysis is the most important part of these results . . . the display
should match the one shown on page 5-22 and clearly shows the operating point as
262.5 gpm at 39.20 psi. The corresponding point on the water supply curve is at 38.64
psi. Thus, the operating point for the system is just outside the source supply
capabilities.

To print a copy of the display, select File|Print.

A graphics flowplot is also available whenever the node data includes X-Y coordinates.
To display the flowplot, scroll down past the water supply analysis. Your results should
match the diagram on page 5-25.

The various reports generated by HASS have been duplicated in the pages that follow,
so you will be able to compare your results to these. Your reports should very closely
match the ones printed here, except where noted in the text.

On page 5-18, each of the nodes 3, 4, 9, and 10 has the requested discharge of 16.8
gpm. The total sprinkler demand is 162.5 gpm which compares very well with the 163.6
gpm that the Grid Estimator predicted. On the bottom of page 5-21, Note 3 shows the
maximum water velocity is 12.1 ft/sec. at pipe tag 7 (see page 5-19 for pipe 7).

The underground pipe diameter entered for pipe 33 as D4 appears in the report with its
actual internal diameter. Then on page 5, the notes section includes a table of pipes
referenced during the analysis. The report concludes with a dot matrix and/or graphics
water supply analysis and flowplot.

5.1.7 Reviewing Grid Data Optimizing the System Layout

A quick scan of the pipe data portion of the report reveals a minor bottleneck in the
system. The result for pipe 32, the 2 ½ inch thinwall riser, shows a 3.1 psi friction loss.
We can reduce the friction loss in pipe 32 and increase the margin between the system
demand point and the flow curve. Let's see what we can do with pipe 32.
Press <F5> to edit the file.
To move to the pipe window, click in the pipe area
To reach pipe 33, <END>
To pipe 32, <ARROW UP> then <ENTER> until the cursor reaches the diameter column
For the new diameter, 3 <ENTER>
To advance to the calculation phase, Calc Button, <ENTER><ENTER><ENTER> <ENTER>
Scroll down to view pipe 32 (Friction loss was 3.1 psi, is 1.2 psi).
Scroll down to display the graphic water supply analysis diagram
Clearly, the system demand point, 37.95 psi at 262.5 gpm, is met by the water supply.
Select File|Close to clear the system.
Page 5–12 HASS USER GUIDE

5.1.8 Adding a Pump

Let's convert the SAMPLGRD file to a high-rise with a fire pump. Select File|Open, then
select SAMPLGRD.SDF.

Click on the elevation field of the first node; increase the elevation of all nodes that are
18 ft. to 118 ft. using the global change option. Move the cursor to the elevation column,
top line, then press <ALT-R>. For "New Value" enter 118, then <ENTER>. Next, repeat
the process to change all elevations at 19 ft. to 119 ft. (<ALT-R> is a powerful tool you will
use often).

Now let's add the pump. Since we will need nodes for the suction and discharge sides
of the pump, press the <END> key to move to the last node, press the <up arrow>
to move to node 26, then press <F2> to add node 26A for pump discharge. Enter 1
for the elevation and 0 (zero) for the K-factor. Repeat the process to add the suction
node 26B.

Proceed to the pipe window (<ALT-SPACEBAR>), so that these nodes can be tied together
by a pipe to make a pump. At the bottom of the pipe list, press <F2> to add a pipe (34),
followed by node tags 26A and 26B. Press <F4> to make a pump, then enter 500
gpm @ 100 psi (meeting all standpipe requirements).

Arrow up to tag 33 and revise the connections to tie the base of the riser node (26) to the
pump discharge node (26A), then provide a pipe length, fittings, and diameter adequate
for the selected fire pump.

Next, <ARROW DN> to pipe tag 34 and press <F2> to add another pipe. Use this pipe to
connect the suction side of the pump, node 26B, to the source, node 27, and add other
appropriate pipe data as needed. Finally, lengthen the riser (pipe 32) from 21 ft. to 121
ft., and proceed with final calculations as before. Review the results on the screen.

Let's examine pipe data for the pump results shown for pipe tag 32. You will notice that
HASS has arranged the node tags so that the suction node (26B) appears first and the
discharge node (26A) appears second. There is no restriction to data entry order for
pumps and fixed pressure loss devices, but the reports after calculation will always
present the suction or inlet node tag first with the discharge or outlet node tag second.

With a 3 inch riser, check the pump summary to see how much pressure is required.
You may continue to optimize the layout, choosing between smaller pipe or a pump with
a lower rated pressure. (For a 2 ½ inch riser, even more pressure is needed.)

The principles developed here will be applied in the TREE exercise in Chapter 6,
as well as most calculations you complete from now on. In this exercise we have

• developed a grid using the Grid Estimator,

• piped the system to a single source before grid pipe sizing,
• completed multiple changes,
• added a fire pump, and
• made several "What if . . .” analyses to optimize the design.

Grid Estimate and hydraulic calculation reports are presented below.

HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–13

5.2 Reviewing the Reports

The various HASS reports are available by clicking Report on the menubar. Here, we will
review first the Grid Estimator Report, followed by the HASS Detailed (Full) Report.

5.2.1 Reviewing the Grid Estimator Report

At this point, the Grid Estimator Report is activated by clicking Grid|Edit Existing Grid, then
by highlighting and activating SAMPLGRD.GES, followed by clicking the GoNext arrow
twice. To print a copy, click File|Print (or click the Print Icon). The following pages display
your input data to include pipes-to-source information when this feature is used, followed
by the estimated pipe sizes and other calculated results plus an inventory of materials
gleaned from your original input data and the estimate. Finally, a system layout diagram
accompanies the estimate.

HASS GRID ESTIMATOR REPORT

JOB TITLE: SAMPLE GRID

INPUT DATA SUPPLIED

Pipe table used: STANDARD.PIP

Default pipe table page: B-THNWL
Total number of branch lines: 8
Distance between branch lines: 14.000 ft.
Branch line length (excluding riser nipples): 100.000 ft.
Riser nipple length: 1.000 ft.
Sprinkler spacing along branch lines: 12.000 ft.

Density requirement: 0.100 gpm/sq. ft.

Area of demand: 1500 sq.ft.
Sqrt(Area) multiplier for area of demand: 1.2
Sprinkler discharge coefficient (K): 5.60
Dis. from feed connection pt. to far end of grid: 100.000 ft.

Average sprinkler elevation: 19.00 ft.

Average branch line elevation: 19.00 ft.
Cross main elevation: 18.00 ft.
Source node elevation: 0.00 ft.

Sprinkler present at the cross main? No

Include branch line riser nipples as separate pipes? No

Static pressure at source: 41.0 psi

Residual pressure at source: 28.0 psi
Water flow at residual pressure: 660 gpm
Hose stream allowance at source: 100 gpm

Data Added for Pipes to Source

At Start of Pipe Pipe Characteristics

Elev.(ft) Hose Stream(gpm) Length(ft) Dia.(in) Ftgs HWC
18.0 --- 21.00 2.500 EGA 120
0.0 0 60.00 D4.000 ETG 140
Page 5–14 HASS USER GUIDE

HASS GRID ESTIMATOR REPORT

JOB TITLE: SAMPLE GRID

GRID DATA SUMMARY

Hazen-Williams coefficient for pipe: 120

Branch line pipe size: 1.097 inches
Left side cross main pipe size: 2.635 inches
Right side cross main pipe size: 2.635 inches
Grid volume: 12.78 ft³ ( 95.6 gal)
Estimated pressure drop across the grid: 17.7 psi
Estimated remote head pressure: 9.0 psi
Estimated sprinkler demand: 163.6 gpm
Estimated maximum water velocity: 11.7 ft/sec
Estimated required pressure at base of riser: 37.6 psi
Estimated required pressure at source: 38.2 psi
Maximum available pressure at source: 38.6 psi
Total number of flowing sprinklers: 9
Computed number of flowing sprinklers
per branch line: 3.87
Number of flowing sprinklers per BL
used in grid generation: 4

GRID SYSTEM MATERIAL INVENTORY

ITEM DESCRIPTION QUANTITY

AlmChk - 2.5 inch 1

Branch Line Riser - 1.0 ft. X 1 inch 16
Ell - 1 X 1 inch 16
Ell - 2.5 inch 1
Ell - 4 inch 1
GatVlv - 2.5 inch 1
GatVlv - 4 inch 1
Pipe - 1 inch 800 ft.
Pipe - 2.5 inch 217 ft.
Pipe - 4 inch 60 ft.
Sprinkler - ½ inch 72
Tee - 1 X 1 X ½ inch 72
Tee - 2.5 X 2.5 X 1 inch 16
Tee - 4 inch 1

NOTE: The results printed above are ESTIMATES only and do not
represent a complete hydraulic analysis of the system!
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–15

HASS GRID ESTIMATOR REPORT

JOB TITLE: SAMPLE GRID

GRID SYSTEM DIAGRAM

[XXX] - Node Numbers XXX - Pipe Numbers

[ 1]-- 1--[ 2]-- 2--[ 3]-- 3--[ 4]-- 4--[ 5]-- 5--[ 6]
| |
6 12
| |
[ 7]-- 7--[ 8]-- 8--[ 9]-- 9--[ 10]-- 10--[ 11]--11-[ 12]
| |
13 16
| |
[ 13]-- 14--[ 14]—15-----------------------------------------[ 15]
| |
17 19
| |
[ 16]------------------------------- 18---------------------------[ 17]
| |
20 22
| |
[ 18]------------------------------ 21----------------------------[ 19]
| |
23 25
| |
[ 20]------------------------------ 24----------------------------[ 21]
| |
26 28
| |
[ 22]------------------------------ 27----------------------------[ 23]
| |
29 31
| |
[ 24]------------------------------ 30----------------------------[ 25]
-- 32--[ 26]-- 33--[27] (Source)
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 HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–17

5.2.2 Reviewing the NFPA Report

The NFPA Report is activated by clicking Options|Edit Report Options. Then select Full
HASS Report (NFPA). The initial page displays source, flow and node results followed
by pipe results and a series of notes authenticating and explaining significant calculation
parameters. (For a comprehensive review of all report items, please see Chapter 10 of
this manual.)
REV MMXII
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REV MMXIII
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REV MMXII
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REV MMXII
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REV MMXII
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REV MMXII
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REV MMXII
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REV MMXII
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REV MMXII
Page 5–26 HASS USER GUIDE

5.3 Initial Grid Data

THE INITIAL GRID DATA SCREEN is the primary data entry point for the Grid
Estimator. A complete grid is developed using the information entered in the data fields
described below.

Job Title: Provides a one line narrative description of the job, used in all printed reports.
(May be similar to, but usually is not the same as the data file name.)

Pipe Table: STANDPIPE.PIP: The standard pipe table is used unless another pipe
table is selected. When pipe data is entered by nominal diameter and fittings by letter,
the referenced pipe table provides actual internal diameters and fitting equivalent lengths
for the analysis and report. (See pages 5-3 and 12-16.)

Pipe Table Page: A-S40: Each pipe table includes pipe table pages of data for up to
26 types of pipe. When the Standard Pipe Table is chosen, the Schedule 40 (A-40) is
used unless another page is selected, as B-THNWL was selected for the sample screen
above. (See pages 5-3 and 12-16.)
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–27

Total Number of Branch Lines: Enter the total number of branch lines connecting the
left and right side cross mains. All generated branch lines will have uniform length and
diameter. Adjustments can be made in General Data Entry/Editing.

Distance Between Branch Lines: Enter the branch line spacing along the cross
mains. (This value times the number of spaces between branch lines gives the length of
each cross main and of the grid.) All generated branch lines are uniformly spaced along
the cross main. Any adjustments can be made in General Data Entry/Editing.

Branch Line Len. (excl. RN): Enter the distance between cross mains as the branch
line length, excluding any riser nipples joining the branch line to the cross mains.

Branch Line Riser Nipple Len.: Enter the length of a single branch line riser nipple.
Added to each end of every branch line, the riser nipple can be shown as separate pipe
segments. For branch lines at the same level as cross mains, enter 0.

Distance Between Sprinklers: Enter the sprinkler spacing along branch lines. (This
value times the distance between lines equals the coverage per sprinkler. Although the
only sprinklers calculated are those in the demand area, the material inventory includes
all sprinklers and fittings for the entire grid.)

Density Requirement: Enter the demand density required by the occupancy hazard
level. (This value times the sprinkler coverage gives minimum end head flow.)

Area of Demand: Enter the operating area to be calculated. (This area divided by the
coverage per sprinkler gives the number of sprinklers operating, and the area of demand
times the density gives the minimum required sprinkler water supply.)

Sqrt (Area) Multiplier: Enter a multiplier of 1.2 or 1.4 to determine the rectangular
shape of the demand area with the long side running parallel to the branch lines. (This
length is determined by the multiplier times the square root of the area of demand.)
When the calculated length exceeds the actual branch line length, all sprinklers on the
branch line are opened and the number of branch lines containing flowing sprinklers is
increased until the required area of demand is reached.

Sprinkler K-factor: Enter the sprinkler flow coefficient (K-factor). (This value times the
square root of the water pressure at a sprinkler gives sprinkler flow.)

Distance From Far End of Grid to Feed Main Connection Point: Enter the straight
line cross main distance from the furthermost flowing branch line to the grid connection
point. This value is used to locate the feed main connection point on the left side cross
main, and to estimate cross main friction loss. If shorter than the cross main, but more
than a foot from a branch line, the tie-in point is located in between branch lines. If equal
to or longer than the cross main, the tie-in is the left cross main end node. (When the
tie-in is needed on the right side cross main, enter a value greater than cross main
length, then connect the system in General Data Entry/Editing.)

Elevation of Sprinklers: Enter sprinkler discharge elevation relative to finished floor

level, grade, mean sea level, or other convenient datum. All sprinklers are assumed to
be at the same elevation. For pitched branch lines, enter an average or worst case
value, then adjust elevations as necessary in General Data Entry/Editing.
Page 5–28 HASS USER GUIDE

Elevation of Branch Lines: Enter branch line elevation with datum as above. (A
difference between branch line and sprinkler elevation indicates the minimum length of
drop nipples of sprig-ups.) K-factor adjustments (Utility A) equal the affect of sprinkler-
to-branch line connecting pipe and fittings.

Elevation of Cross Mains: Enter cross main elevation with datum as above. (The
difference cross main and branch line elevation usually equals riser nipple length.)

Elevation of Source: Enter source node elevation. Negative elevations are permitted.

Sprinkler at C.M.?: Enter Yes (Y) or No (N). Answer Y to indicate a sprinkler directly
above the cross main (C.M.) at the top of a riser nipple on a tee at the branch line. Also,
answer Y if there are outriggers. (The fittings on both ends of the nipple are tees.)
Answer N whenever all sprinklers are located between the cross mains and the fittings
on the ends of the riser nipple are a tee and an elbow.

Separate Branch RN #’s: Enter Y or N. Branch line riser nipples can be individual pipe
segments, rather than be included in the length of the nearest branch line piping.
Answering Y allows riser nipple diameter adjustments, and displays the riser nipple in
the grid diagram. (Also increased: the amount of piping information, calculation time,
and printed report length.)

Static Pressure at Source: Enter the pressure measured at no flow during the water
flow test, or zero (0) if a constant pressure source is desired.

Residual Pressure at Source: Enter the pressure measured at recorded flow during
the water flow test, or for a constant pressure source, enter the desired constant
pressure. This value must be greater than zero in all cases.

Flow at Source: Enter the flow rate measured at residual pressure during the water
flow test, or zero (0) for a constant pressure source.

Hose Allowance at Source: Enter any manual fire fighting flow reserved at the source.
(Specify any other hose stream at any node during data entry.)

Include Fire Pump?: Enter Y or N. If no fire pump is indicated, enter N; for a fire
pump, enter Y… then pump rated flow and pressure data fields appear. (Two nodes and
a pipe will represent the pump in the diagram and the data file.)

Rated Flow: Enter the fire pump nominal flow rate. (Supply the system flow plus hose
streams, within the limit of 150% rated flow at 65% of rated pressure, plus any residual
source pressure at the total demand flow effective at the pump.)

@ (Rated Pressure): Enter the nominal rated pump pressure at rated flow.
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–29

5.4 Piping to the Source

Piping of the automatically developed system to connect to a single source uses up to

ten “pipes”, including pumps and fixed pressure loss devices, with the resulting changes
in pressure considered during grid pipe sizing.

When adding pipes, the first pipe starts at the feed main connection to the left side cross
main, and the last pipe connects to the source. So, as you proceed from the system to
the source, for each pipe provide the starting elevation and hose stream (if any), then
the pipe length, diameter, fittings, and Hazen-Williams coefficient … remembering that
the last pipe entered connects to the source.

Pipes-to-Source will accept only nominal pipe diameters appropriately referenced, rather
than actual diameters not included in the referenced pipe table. Note that the diameters
shown above are all nominal, and those of a different type are indicated by a prefix
letter.

The piping arrangement can be reviewed and modified in General Data Entry/Editing
before proceeding to final calculations. (Bypassing this option will require nodes for
system connection to the source to be added when editing data.)
Page 5–30 HASS USER GUIDE

5.5 Estimating the Grid

The Grid Data Summary Screen provides an overview of the hydraulic performance of the
specified grid, based on the branch line and cross main sizes selected. The Grid Estimating
process begins by using half the grid (beginning at the middle of the most remote branch line),
then builds demand flow and pressure back to the cross main. Moving along the cross main, the
flow of each branch line increases the cross main flow until the feed main connection point is
reached, where the flow from half the grid is doubled to yield system flow.

Next, the Grid Estimator reports the estimated pressure drop across the grid at the feed main
connection point on the left side cross main. Friction loss in grid transfer lines in not considered
in the pipe size estimate, but pressure changes in pipes added for source connection are
considered.

This procedure is first completed using one inch branch lines and two inch cross mains, with all
probable cross main sizes tested before increasing to the next branch line size. Therefore, the
minimum acceptable branch line diameter is always reported. This approach can lead to
unrealistic combinations, such as one inch branch lines and eight inch cross mains.

You can edit any branch line, cross main, or riser nipple diameter by clicking the value and
overwriting it with your revision. This, in turn, initiates a new estimate with the results displayed
immediately on the screen. The secondary cross main is assumed to be the right side cross
main, and usually can be one pipe size smaller than the primary cross main.

If the grid is piped to the source before grid pipe sizing, the estimated required pressure at the
source can be compared to the pressure available at the source. Otherwise, the pressure
required at the base of the riser can be compared to the pressure available at the source. In
either case, the pressure of any added fire pump is considered.

(Since this is only an estimate of pipe sizes, it is not intended to be a final result. Prudent use will assure a
significant margin for the unexpected, or complete a full set of calculations before submitting a bid.)
HASS USER GUIDE
5.6 Modifying the Grid Using Codes and Macros
Let’s assume that the grid is developed and calculated as shown on pages 5-5 through 5-25, and
you decide to modify the grid to increase the number of branch lines from 8 to 12. (The most
efficient way to add lines to a grid is to return to the grid estimate program and show the “Total
number of branch lines” entry as 12.) But here we will illustrate the node codes and pipe codes
as well as node macros and pipe macros. So, let’s review these features briefly before we begin.
Assign Code<ESC,1>thru<ESC,0> To assign a code,
move the cursor to any field in the line containing the
node or pipe data, then tap the ESC key followed by
the number key (or click Edit|Assign Code|Code X).
The message bar to the lower
right of the screen displays
“Node Code X set to Node
Y”. This action will select the
current node/pipe, to be
represented by the identified
node or pipe code. You can
use any of ten assignments for
node codes and ten for pipe
codes to “remember” common
node/pipe configurations as
entered earlier. Each code
can be reassigned at any time
during data entry. Each node
code “remembers” for recall the Elevation and K-factor
fields. Each pipe code “remembers” the pipe length,
equivalent fitting length, diameter, and HWC (i.e., with
the pipe data entry area active and the current pipe as
Pipe 10, assign Code 1 to Pipe 10 by holding down the
ESC key and pressing the 1 key or click Edit|Assign
Code|Code 1). The node/pipe code is saved with the
sprinkler data file, and may be used in a later editing
session.
Recall Code <ALT-1>thru<ALT-0> To recall a code,
move the cursor to any field on the desired data line,
then hold down the ALT key followed by the number
key (or click Edit|Recall
Code|Code X). This action will
replace the current node or pipe
values with the values last
assigned to that code. You can
use any of ten codes assigned
earlier to recall corresponding
node or pipe data. Recall will
not change the node/pipe tag,
but for a node it will repeat the
assigned elevations and K-
factors, and for a pipe will repeat the assigned length,
fittings, diameter and HWC (i.e., when a pipe code has
been assigned using <ESC,5>, you may use <ALT-5>
to recall and set the pipe length, fitting equivalent
length, diameter, and HWC of any other pipe by
positioning the cursor anywhere on the line for the new
pipe before pressing the recall keys).
Page 5–31
Record Macro <ESC, F1> thru <ESC,F10> To record
a macro of a string of keystrokes, place the cursor on
the first data position to be recorded (so that playback
can begin at the same point), then tap the ESC key
and press a function key
(F1-F10), or click
Edit|Record Macro|Macro
X. The message bar to
the lower right of the
screen displays
“Recording” and with
each keystroke a soft click
indicates recording. You
can use any of ten macros
to record a string of
keystrokes for nodes and ten for pipes. From that point
on, every pressed key is stored for future playback until
the feature is deactivated by repeating the same keys
used to initiate recording, or by clicking Edit|Stop
Recording. All recorded keystrokes are “remembered”,
even functions keys and cursor movement keys, but not
special windows keys or mouse clicks. NOTE: When
you initiate a macro key combination, recording begins;
and the second time these keys are pressed, recording
ends. Also, recorded keystrokes are saved with the
sprinkler data file, and may be used during a later
editing session.
Playback Macro <ALT-F1>thru<ALT-F10> To
playback the keystrokes stored while recording,
beginning at the cursor position, first hold down the
ALT key followed by a
function key (F1-F10) or click
Edit|Playback Macro|Macro X.
You can use any of ten
macros to playback a string of
recorded keystrokes. NOTE:
Playback must be initiated at
the same data position used
when recording began, if
information is to be entered
properly. In the even the
wrong data position is selected, just delete the improper
entries, move to the proper data position, and re-
activate the playback feature.
Page 5–32 HASS USER GUIDE
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–33

5.6.1 Using Assign/Recall and Record/Playback (Exercise IIA)

To illustrate rapid data entry using the Assign and Recall features as well as the Record
and Playback features, we will use the grid diagram developed earlier in this chapter,
and modify it to increase the number of branch lines from 8 to 12 as shown on the
opposite page.

At the computer, we will begin with the Grid Estimator. If you already have
SAMGRD.GES stored on your computer, you can

Click the Grid Menu | Edit Existing Grid to call it up.

If not, you can Generate the grid using the information in the box on page 5-6, or by
following the instructions given on pages 5-5 thru 5-8. (For our purposes, you can
bypass the pipes-to-source option on page 5-7.)

When you save to the name SAMPLGRX, HASS will name the Grid Estimator file
SAMPLGRX.GES and the sprinkler data file as SAMPLGRX.SDF.

When you open file SAMPLGRX.SDF, the node data should resemble that shown here.
This will be the starting point for Exercise IIA as we add nodes and pipes until we have a
grid with twelve lines by first assigning and recalling node data.

To allow added node tags to be in numerical order, changes must be made to any riser
and underground source connection (without these changes, node tags would be 25A,
25B, etc.).

So, delete Node 26 that represents the base of the riser, then

Change node tag 27 to SOURCE.

Referring to the 12-line diagram on page 5-32, the end nodes for the four branch lines
we will add are 26-27, 28-29, 30-31 and 32-33.

To Assign Node Code 1, place the cursor anywhere on the data line for node tag 25,

Tap ESC and press 1 <ESC. 1> (Note “Node Code 1 set to Node 25”
at the lower right of the screen.)

To insert node data line 26, Press the F2 key, <F2>

Page 5–34 HASS USER GUIDE

To Recall Node Code 1 on line 26, hold down the ALT key and press 1, <ALT-1>.

To insert line 27, <F2>, then To Recall Code 1 <ALT-1>.

To insert line 28, <F2>, then To Recall Code 1 <ALT-1>.

Continue to repeat for node lines 29 thru 33.

To add the base of the riser node, <F2>.

The node data will resemble the screen below.

Let’s move to the pipe area and delete any pipes that represent a riser or
underground.

(If pipes-to-source were used, the riser would

be pipe 32 with EGA fittings, and the lead-in
would be pipe 33 with ETG fittings.)

Let’s Assign and Recall pipe data as we refer to the pipe data area on the opposite
page.

To assign Pipe Code 1, place the cursor on the data line for pipe tag 29 (a cross
main),

Tap ESC and press 1 <ESC, 1> (Note “Pipe Code 1 set to Pipe 29”
at the lower right of the screen.)
HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–35

Next, place the cursor anywhere on the data line for pipe tag 30 (a branch line), <ESC, 2>

To reach pipe data line 31, Press the Down Arrow.

To insert pipe data line 32, Press the F2 key, <F2>

To Recall Pipe Code 1 on line 32, hold down the ALT key and press 1, <ALT-1>.

To insert line 33, <F2>, then To Recall Code 2 <ALT-2>.

To insert line 34, <F2>, then To Recall Code 1 <ALT-1>

Now that a branch line and two cross mains are added to the system using Assign and
Recall, we will use Record and Playback for the next three lines of pipe data.
Page 5–36 HASS USER GUIDE

Record and Playback can be used whenever repeating a series of data lines will
speed up data entry. Adjusting the Grid Estimator and generating a new grid is the best
way to add grid lines, but we are adding to a grid for training purposes only. Once you
have a handle on this approach, many applications for record and playback will be
recognized. You can record as you enter data at the keyboard. When complete, the
screen will resemble the one below.

To establish a starting point for recording, click Pipe Tag 34.

To begin Recording, tap the ESC key followed by F! <ESC, F1>

(Note “Recording” at the lower right of the

screen and a soft click from the keyboard.)
To insert a line, press <F2>

Next, enter the pipe data for line 35 (as shown on the screen below) and

Return the cursor to Pipe Tag 35.

To insert a line, press <F2>

Enter the pipe data for line 36 and

Return the cursor to Pipe Tag 36.

To insert a line, press <F2>

Enter the pipe data for line 37 and

Return the cursor to Pipe Tag 37.

HASS USER GUIDE Page 5–37

To insert a line, press <F2>

To turn off Recording <ESC, F1> a second time. (Note “Recording” goes away
and a keyboard click stops.)

Before we playback of these three lines, let’s verify that the cursor is on the same
position
(Pipe Tag) where recording began.

To playback the data, hold down the ALT key and press F1 <ALT-F1>.

As the three lines are added, the Pipe Tags increase and all new data matches the lines
recorded.

Referring to the data on page 5-36, let’s edit the end node tags on lines 38, 39, and 40.

You can repeat this process for pipe data lines 41, 42, and 43, or enter the data using
the advanced combination of these four features that follows immediately.

Advanced Combination of Assign/Recall, Record/Playback

With one branch line left to add, let’s illustrate the combining Assign/Recall with
Record/Playback as follows:

Assign: With the cursor on pipe data line 38, <ESC,3>, then

Move to pipe data line 39 <arrow Down> and assign <ESC,4>,

Move to pipe data line 40 <arrow Down> and assign <ESC,5>.

Recall and Record: We can reproduce as many sets of lines as we may need if we
use Record as we Recall the lines just assigned.

With the cursor at Pipe 40, begin Recording <ESC, F3>

Add a line, <F2>, then Recall Code 3, <ALT-3>

Add a line, <F2>, then Recall Code 4, <ALT-4>

Add a line, <F2>, then Recall Code 5, <ALT-5>

Three lines have been Recalled and the action Recorded, even though we need no
more lines.

Playback: The recorded lines playback each time you press <ALT-F3>. Try it.

Since you have added more lines than this system needs, place the cursor on Pipe Tag
43 and remove all lines below, using <F3>.

Referring to the data on page 36, let’s edit the end node tags for pipe data lines 41, 42,
and 43,
Page 5–38 HASS USER GUIDE

then add Pipe 44, (the riser) and Pipe 45 (the lead-in) so the system is ready to
calculate.

Calculate the system and review the report to see the results, especially the graphic
flowplot and the text flowplot.

Report: The report graphics flowplot shows eight lines, since X-Y coordinates were not
entered for the four lines we added. But the text-based flowplot shows twelve lines
because we entered data in the standard Grid Estimator routine of left cross main –
down, branch line –across, right cross main – up.

The Graphics Menu option, introduced in 2001, will allow us to show twelve lines for the
graphics flowplot by using the X-Y Calculator.

So, to see the current eight-line grid, click Graphics|View.

To see the twelve-line grid, click Graphics|Calculate X-Y.

Now, HASS will attempt to calculate X-Y coordinates for you. When you enter data
directly without the benefit of the Grid Estimator, Tree Generator or System Builder, try
Graphics|Calculate X-Y. You should be successful for most routine situations, but
success is doubtful with complex or unusual situations, such as hospitals or tank farm
protection. Also, we suggest using the equivalent K-factor calculator rather than using
an extra pipe and node for armovers, sprig-ups or drops. You will find a detailed
discussion of the Graphics Menu Chapter 17 of this manual. Please take the time to
explore on your own the other Graphics Menu capabilities.