Rice Bug

High rice bug populations are brought about by factors such

as nearby woodlands, extensive weedy areas near rice fields, wild
grasses near canals, and staggered rice planting. The insect also
becomes active when the moonsoonal rains begin. Warm weather,
overcast skies, and frequent drizzles favor its population buildup. The
population of the rice bug increases at the end of the rainy season.
Rice bugs are found in all rice environments. They are more common
in rainfed and upland rice and prefer the flowering to milky stages of
the rice crop. Adults are active during the late afternoon and early
morning. Under bright sunlight, they hide in grassy areas. They are
less active during the dry season. In cooler areas, the adults undergo
aestivation or diapause in grasses. They feed on wild hosts for one to
two generations before migrating into the rice fields at the flowering
stages. The nymphs are found on the rice plant where they blend with the foliage. There, they
are often left unnoticed. When disturbed, the nymphs drop to the lower part of the plants and the
adults fly within a short distance.

Life Cycle: Rice Bug

Egg (6-9 days)

nymph (17-27 days) 5 molt

adult
Stem borer
Six species of stemborer attack rice. These are the
yellow stemborer, white stemborer, striped
stemborer , gold-fringed stemborer , gold-fringed stemborer ,
and the pink stemborer .
Among the stem borers, the pink stem borer is less important. It
is polyphagous and prefers
sugarcane to rice.
Stem borers can destroy rice at any stage of the plant
from seedling to maturity.They feed upon tillers and causes
deadheart or drying of the central tiller, during vegetative stage;
and causes whiteheads at reproductive stage.

LIFE CYCLE OF STEM BORER

Eggs - laid in batches of about 200-

300 covered with silky grayish
hairs. near the tip of the leaf
blade.
-Incubation period - is about 8
days. Larva - body is white, head –
reddish brown.
*reaches full growth in about 30
  days.
 

Adult - white and slender, it

resembles the yellow stem borer, Pupa - white and soft bodied
but it does not have a black spot
on the forewing. Pupation
-Abdominal tip of the female – - completed in about 8 days
white to pinkish white.
Armyworms and cutworms are generally grass feeders found in the Philippine rice fields.
They attack the rice plant at any stage of the crop growth. Due to their close similarity in external
appearance at egg, larval, pupal and adult stages, and life cycle and damages caused on rice plants one
could be mistaken for the others.
The term “armyworm” was derived from the spectacular movement of a large number of larvae
(worms), usually to or from cultivated areas. This movement of larvae en masse may be due to direct
search for new food sources, or more commonly, the result of excessive contact between individual
larvae.
The armyworm larvae feed mostly on leaves, often leaving only the midribs while the cutworm
larvae feed on roots and shoots. Cutworms can defoliate rice fields, generally in patches, from early
vegetative growth to harvest.

LIFE CYCLE OF ARMYWORM

RAT
Field rats infestation is a serious problem not only in farmers’ field but also in experiment
stations. Rats are difficult to control because they feed on a wide range of food and multiply
rapidly.
Previous efforts to control field rats were rarely very successful because these were not properly
timed and not well-integrated.

LIFE CYCLE OF RAT

Frog Life Cycle

A frog’s life is divided into two main stages. In the first stage, a tadpole hatches
from eggs. The tadpole breathes underwater through gills and swims like a fish.
In the second stage, the tadpole’s body changes shape. It becomes an adult frog
that has legs for jumping on land and lungs for breathing.

Life Cycle of a Jellyfish

In the reproductive life cycle of a typical jellyfish, males release sperm and females release eggs
into the water. When an egg and sperm fuse to form a fertilized egg during sexual reproduction,
a larva develops that attaches to a rock or other object and develops into a polyp. In a type of
asexual reproduction, the polyp transforms into a colony of polyps that resembles a stack of
saucers. Each saucer in the stack detaches itself from the colony as a new medusa, and the
reproductive cycle repeats.
THE LIFE OF A JELLYFISH

Life for a jellyfish begins as an egg. Adult jellyfish release thousands of eggs into the

water. The eggs develop into larvae. These larvae attach to rocks or other objects on the ocean
floor and grow into a polyp. Polyps usually grow in colonies, or groups. They look like plants
because they attach to the ground and grow upwards.

The polyps grow taller until they look like tall stacks of saucers. The saucers gradually
detach themselves from the polyps and swim free. These free-swimming saucers are young
jellyfish.

The jellyfish then grow into adults, lay eggs, and the life cycle begins anew.

Haploid spores form two mating types, a plus mating type and a minus mating type. If a
spore lands in a place with suitable food and moisture, it will germinate to produce cells joined
end to end. These cells form a threadlike filament called a hypha (plural hyphae). Each hypha
cell contains one nucleus with a single copy of each chromosome.