Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual

Volume 2, Series of 2020 JBD

MODULE 13
The Blood, Heart and Circulatory System

Activity 13.1
The Blood
Name: DELA MERCED, Date: 11/11/21
JULLIANNE APPLE S. Group: GROUP 8
Section: BSN 1-A

A. ABO Bloods Group Flashcards (https://quizlet.com/19060014/abo-blood-groups-flash-cards/)

POST TEST
A. Multiple Choice
A,B, D 1. Which would lead to increased erythropoiesis?
a. Chronic bleeding ulcer
b. Reduction in respiratory ventilation
c. Decreased level of physical activity
d. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys

A,B, C,D 2. In a person with sickle cell anemia, sickling ofRBCs can
be induced by
a. blood loss.
b. vigorous exercise.
c. stress.
d. fever.

B 3. A child is diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. Thismeans hat

a. one parent had sickle cell anemia.
b. one parent carried the sickle cell gene.
c. both parents had sickle cell anemia.
d. both parents carried the sickle cell gene.

C 4. Polycythemia vera will result in

a. overproduction of WBCs.
b. exceptionally high blood volume.
c. abnormally high blood viscosity.
d. abnormally low hematocrit.

REFERENCE: https://quizlet.com/137439392/anatomy-chapter-10-review-questions-flash-cards/

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means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
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 Anatomy and Physiolology Laboratory Manual
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Activity 13.2
Structure of the Heart
Name: DELA MERCED, Date: 11/11/21
JULLIANNE APPLE S. Group: GROUP 8
Section: BSN 1-A

A. Using your reference materials, label the parts of the heart. Use a pencil in labeling.

LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK LEFT SUBDAVIAN ARTERY

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA AORTIC ARCH

LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM
RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY
LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY
ASCENDING AORTA
LEFT PULMONARY VEINS
PULMONARY TRUNK

AURICLE OF LEFT ATRIUM

RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY
RIGHTATRIUM
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY LEFT CORONARY ARTERY
(In Coronary Sulcus) (In Coronary Veins)
LEFT VENTRICLE
RIGHT VENTRICLE
RIGHT MARGINAL ARTERY
SMALL CARDIAC VEIN ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR
ARTERY
INFERIOR VENA CAVA (In Anterior Interventricular Sulcus)

APEX

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AORTA SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

LEFT PULMONARY RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY

ARTERY
LEFT PULMONARY VEINS RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS

AURICLE OF LEFT ATRIUM

RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT ATRIUM
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN
SMALL CARDIAC VEIN
POSTERIOR VEIN OF
LEFT VENTRICLE
CORONARY SINUS
POSTERIOR
LEFT VENTRICLE INTERVENTRICULAR ARTERY

APEX MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

RIGHTVENTRICLE

REFERENCE: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Anatomy_of_the_Human_Heart
Source: https://www.purposegames.com/game/anatomy-of-the-heart-posterior-view-quiz 4
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Volume 2, Series of 2020 JBD

AORTA

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA LEFT PULMONARY ARTERY

LEFT ATRIUM
RIGHT PULMONARY ARTERY
LEFT PULMONARY VEINS
PULMOARY TRUNK
RIGHT ATRIUM
MITRAL (BICUSPID) VALVE
RIGHT PULMONARY VEINS

FOSSA OVALIS AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

PECTINATE MUSCLES
(horizontal muscle ridges) PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE
TRICUSPID VALVE
RIGHT VENTRICLE LEFT VENTRICLE
CHORDAE TENDINEAE PAPILLARY MUSCLES
(held by Papillary Muscles)
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
TRABECULAE CARNEAE
(Irregular Muscle Ridges)
EPICARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
INFERIOR VENA CAVA

REFERENCE: https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/illustration/anatomy-of-heart-interior-frontal-section-
royalty-free-illustration/188057943
Source: https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/gross-anatomy-of-the-heart-anterior-
view/deck/22371882 5

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B. Indicate the function/s of the human heart structures on the table below

Structure Function/s
RIGHT ATRIUM It receives blood low in oxygen from the body and then empties
the blood into the right ventricle.
RIGHT AURICLE It gathers and transports deoxygenated blood from the circulation
to the right ventricle of the heart.
LEFT ATRIUM It receives blood full of oxygen from the lungs and then empties
the blood into the left ventricle.
LEFT AURICLE It collects oxygenated blood as it leaves the lungs and moves the
blood into the left ventricle..
RIGHT VENTRICLE It pumps the oxygen-poor blood to the lungs through the
pulmonary valve.
LEFT VENTRICLE It pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve out to the
rest of the body.

INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS are shallow grooves on the front and back surfaces of the heart
that contain blood vessels and mark the
separation of ventricles.
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN runs in the anterior interventricular groove and drains the anterior
aspect of the heart where it is the venous complement of the left
anterior descending artery. It is the main tributary of the coronary
sinus. .
SMALL CARDIAC VEIN It receives blood from the right atrium and ventricle's posterior
portion. It contributes to the venous drainage of the external layer
of the myocardium of the posterior right atrium and right ventricle.
RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY The right coronary artery primarily supplies blood to the right side
of the heart. Because it only pumps blood to the lungs, the right
side of the heart is smaller.
ANTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR It provides the major blood supply to the interventricular septum,
ARTERY and thus bundle branches of the conducting system.
CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY It branches off the left coronary artery and encircles the heart
muscle. This artery supplies blood to the outer side and back of the
heart.
LEFT CORONARY ARTERY It supplies blood to the left side of the heart muscle (the left
ventricle and left atrium). The left main coronary divides into
branches: The left anterior descending artery branches off the left
coronary artery and supplies blood to the front of the left side of
the heart.
AORTA It is the large artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left
ventricle of the heart to other parts of the body.
Pulmonary Artery The arteries that transport deoxygenated blood from the right side
of the heart to the capillaries of the lungs for gas exchange. 6

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SUPERIOR VENA CAVA The superior vena cava is a major vein in your upper body. It
carries blood from your head, neck, upper chest, and arms to the
heart.

INFERIOR VENA CAVA The inferior vena cava carries blood from the legs, feet, and
organs in the abdomen and pelvis.
INTERVENTRICULAR The Interventricular septum is a muscular wall that separates right
SEPTUM and left ventricles. It prevents the mixing of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood
MYOCARDIUM Myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle tissue that forms the
heart. This muscle tissue, which contracts and releases
involuntarily, is responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood
around the body.
EPICARDIUM Is a mesothelial cell layer which contributes to the coronary
vessels and myocardium and acts as an important source of
trophic signals to maintain continued growth and
differentiation of the developing heart.

MITRAL VALVE When the left ventricle is full, the mitral valve closes and keeps
blood from flowing backward into the left atrium when the
ventricle contracts.
TRICUSPID VALVE The tricuspid valve helps keep blood flowing in the right direction
through the heart. It separates one of the heart's two upper and
lower chambers (atria and ventricles).
CHORDAE TENDINEAE The chordae tendineae are fibrous cords that anchor
atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles and prevent valves
from opening in the wrong direction.
PAPILLARY MUSCLE The papillary muscles are a kind of muscle found in the heart's
ventricles. They adhere to the chordae tendineae, which attach to
the cusps of the atrioventricular valves (also known as the mitral
and tricuspid valves), and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse
of these valves during systole (or ventricular contraction).
AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE It prevents back flow of blood into the ventricles when ventricles
relax. The aortic semilunar valve is between the left ventricle and
ascending aorta.
PULMONARY SEMILUNAR It acts like a one-way door from your heart's right ventricle to the
VALVE lungs.

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C. Put in Order

Arrange these heart structures in the order in which blood passes through them – assume
the blood is about to leave the right atrium.
ANSWER:
o Aorta Tricuspid Valve
o Aortic semilunar valve Right Ventricle
o Left atrium Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
o Left ventricle Pulmonary Artery
o Lungs Lungs
o Mitral valve Left Atrium
o Pulmonary artery Mitral Valve
o Pulmonary semilunar valve Left Ventricle
o Right ventricle Aortic Semilunar Valve
o Superior/inferior vena cava Aorta
o Tissues of the body Tissues of the Body
o Tricuspid valve Superior/Inferior Vena Cava

REFERENCE:
https://quizlet.com/191066595/heart-lab-quiz-flash-cards/ 8

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Activity 13.3
ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE HEART

Name: DELA MERCED, Date: 11/13/21

JULLIANNE APPLE S. Group: GROUP 8
Section: BSN 1-A

1. On-line film showing. Please click the link below for a video of electrocardiography
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYZ4daFwMa8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Q8YSpMcO-8

2. Fill-in
a. Relaxation of the heart chamber is called DIASTOLE.

b. Contraction of a heart chamber is called SYSTOLE.

c. The portion of the ECG that represents ventricular repolarization is the T-WAVE.

d. Leads I, II, III together are called the STANDARD leads.

e. TACHYCARDIA is the condition of elevated heart rate.

REFERENCE: https://quizlet.com/97015622/electrical-activity-of-the-heart-lab-report-36-flash-cards/

3. Discuss briefly the flow of Blood as shown in the diagram below. Follow the ARROWS as your
guide when discussing the flow of blood to and from the heart. Blue color contains
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD while RED COLOR contains OXYGENATED BLOOD:

9
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ANSWER:
1. The blood enters the heart via two big veins, the POSTERIOR (INFERIOR) and ANTERIOR
(SUPERIOR) VENACAVA, which transport deoxygenated blood from the body into the right atrium.
2. The TRICUSPID VALVE allows blood to flow from the RIGHT ATRIUM into the RIGHT VENTRICLE.
When theventricle is full, the tricuspid valve closes to prevent blood from returning to the atrium.
3. Blood leaves the heart through the PULMONIC VALVE into the PULMONARY ARTERY and flows to the lungs.
4. The PULMONARY VEIN transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the LEFT ATRIUM.
5. The open MITRAL VALVE allows blood to flow from the LEFT ATRIUM into the LEFT VENTRICLE.
When theventricle is full, the mitral valve closes to prevent blood from returning to the atrium.
6. Blood leaves the heart through the AORTIC VALVE into the aorta and to the rest of the body.

REFERENCE: sciencelearn.org.nz/videos/1608-blood-flow-through-the-heart

4. Label the pointed structures

PULSE POINTS OF THE BODY

TEMPORAL ARTERY
FACIAL ARTERY
CAROTID ARTERY

BRACHIAL ARTERY

RADIAL ARTERY
FEMORAL ARTERY

POPLITEAL ARTERY

POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY

DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY

REFERENCE: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/365565694723888244/ 11

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Volume 2, Series of 2020 JBD

Activity 13.4
The Circulatory System and Pathways

Name: DELA MERCED, Date: 11/14/21

JULLIANNE APPLE S. Group: GROUP 8
Section: BSN 1-A

LABEL THE POINTED STRUCTURES

VERTEBRAL
RIGHT COMMON CAROTID
RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN LEFT COMMON CAROTID
BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK LEFT SUBCLAVIAN

AORTIC ARCH AXILLARY

ASCENDING AORTA PULMONARY TRUNK
DESCENDING AORTA

DIAPHRAGM
CELIAC TRUNK
BRACHIAL RENAL
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC
GONADAL
INFERIOR MESENTERIC

RADIAL COMMON ILIAC

INTERNAL ILIAC
ULNAR
EXTERNAL
ILIAC

PALMAR
ARCHES DEEP
FEMORAL

MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY

REFERENCE:https://www.napavalley.edu/people/briddell/Documents/BIO%20218/22_LectureOutline.pdf 12
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VERTEBRAL
EXTERNAL JAGULAR INTERNAL JAGULAR
SUBCLAVIAN
RIGHT & LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC
AXILLARY
CEPHALIC SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
BRACHIAL
INTERCOSTALS
BASILIC
HEPATIC
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
RENAL
MEDIAN CUBITAL GONADAL

RADIAL LUMBAR
MEDIAN ANTIBRACHIAL
LEFT & RIGHT COMMON ILIAC
ULNAR
EXTERNAL ILIAC
PALMAR VENOUS INTERNAL ILIAC
ARCHES

DIGITAL VEINS
DEEP
FEMORAL
FEMORAL
GREAT SAPHENOUS

POPLITEAL

SMALL SAPHENOUS POSTERIOR TIBIAL

ANTERIOR TIBIAL
FIBULAR

DORSAL VENOUS ARCH

PLANTAR VENOUS ARCH

MAJOR VEINS OF THE BODY

REFERENCE:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2Fslide%2F14006523%2F&psig=AOvVaw3RFB7ycYgWRBZXupx5OqBu&u
st=1636809969045000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAsQjRxqFwoTCLDm5vDMlPQCFQAAAAAdAAAAABBF

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SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN

FACIAL VEIN

EXTERNAL JAGULAR VEIN

VERTEBRAL VEIN
INTERNAL JAGULAR VEIN

REFERENCE:
BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN https://www.anatomynote.com/catego
ry/human-anatomy/blood-
supplement/page/12/
MAJOR VEINS OF THE HEAD

HEPATIC VEINS

GASTRIC VEINS
LIVER SPLEEN
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
SPLENIC VEIN

RIGHT GASTROEPIPLOIC VEIN

INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN

SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE

RECTUM

THE HEPATIC PORTAL CIRCULATION

10
REFERENCE: https://slidetodoc.com/special-circulation-hepatic-portal-circulation-cerebral-circulation-pages/

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CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY CORONARY SINUS
GREAT CARDIAC VEIN

MARGINAL ARTERY

POSTERIOR INTERVENTRICULAR
ARTERY

POSTERIOR CARDIAC VEIN

SMALL CARDIAC VEIN

RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY

MIDDLE CARDIAC VEIN

CORONARY CIRCULATON

A. Multiple Choice

A 1. Pulmonary veins deliver freshly oxygenated blood

from the lungs to the
a. right ventricle.
b. left ventricle.
c. right atrium.
d. left atrium.
B 2. Given a volume of 150 ml at the end of diastole, a
volume of 50 ml at the end of systole, and a heart
rate of 60 bpm, the cardiac output is
a. 600 ml/min.
b. 6 liters/min.
c. 1200 ml/min.
d. 3 liters/min.
D 3. Which of the following depolarizes next after the
AV node? 12
a. Atrial myocardium

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b. Ventricular myocardium
c. Bundle branches
d. AV bundle
A & C 4. During atrial systole,
a. the atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure.
b. Seventy percent of ventricular filling occurs.
c. the AV valves are open.
d. valves prevent backflow into the great veins.

C 5. Atrial repolarization coincides in time with the

a. P wave. c. QRS wave

b. T wave. d. P-Q interval

REFERENCE: https://quizlet.com/210997532/cardiovascular-system-multiple-choice-questions-flash-cards/

A. PUT IN ORDER
Arrange these structures in the order in which blood passes through them in a circuit. FROM THEHEART TO
THE FOOTand BACK:
PUT IN ORDER:
Abdominal aorta anterior tibial artery 1. LEFT VENTRICLE 10. ANTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
Anterior tibial vein aortic arch 2. ASCENDING AORTA 11. FOOT
Ascending aorta common iliac artery 3. AORTIC ARCH 12. ANTERIOR TIBIAL VEIN
Common iliac vein external iliac artery 4. THORACIC AORTA 13. POPLITEAL VEIN
Externaliliac vein femoral artery 5. ABDOMINAL AORTA 14. FEMORAL VEIN
Femoral vein foot 6. COMMON ILIAC ARTERY 15. EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN
Inferior vena cava left ventricle 7. EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY 16. COMMON ILIAC VEIN
Popliteal artery popliteal vein 8. FEMORAL ARTERY 17. INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Right atrium thoracic aorta 9. POPLITEAL ARTERY 18. RIGHT ATRIUM

REFERENCE: https://quizlet.com/267978006/the-circulatory-pathway-lab-report-29-flash-cards/

B. Identify

1. portion of the aorta in the abdomen ABDOMINAL AORTA.

2. continuation of the subclavian artery inferior to the clavicle AXILLARY ARTERY.
3. Artery that supplies the diaphragm CELIAC ARTERY.
4. Vein that drains the liver HEPATIC VEIN.
5. Vessel that conducts blood from digestive organs to the liver HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN.
6. Major medial tributary of the external iliac vein GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN.
7. Unpaired vein that drains into the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava AZYGOS VEIN.
8. First major branch of the aorta BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY. 1

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Complete the table below

Vessel Tissues supplied or Drained

BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY Head, Neck, Upper Limbs, Thoracic Wall
LEFT COMMON CAROTID Left Side Of Head/Neck
ARTERY
LEFT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY Neck, Left Upper Limb, Brain, Spinal Cord
CELIAC ARTERY a single vessel that gives rise to the gastric, splenic, and hepatic
arteries, which supply blood to the upper digestive tract, spleen,
and liver
PHRENIC ARTERIES supply blood to the diaphragm
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY Pancreas, Small Intestine, Cecum, Appendix,
Ascending/Transverse
Colon
INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY Descending/Sigmoid Colon, Rectum
RENAL ARTERY all tissues of kidney
SUPRARENAL ARTERY Adrenal Glands
EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY Lower Limbs
INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY Urinary Bladder, Wall Of Pelvis, Medial Side Of Thigh
HEPATIC VEIN Liver
EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN Lower Limb
INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN Pelvis/Viscera
RENAL VEIN Kidney
TESTICULAR VEIN Testis, Epididymis, Ductus Deferens And Ureters
OVARIAN VEIN Ovaries, Uterine Tubes, And Ureters
PHRENIC VEIN drains the lower surface of the diaphragm and the peritoneal
tissues.
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN Small Intestine, Most of Colon
INFERIOR MESENTERIC VEIN Descending Colon, Rectum
GASTROEPIPLOIC VEIN Stomach (By Hepatic Portal)
CYSTIC VEIN Gallbladder (Hepatic Portal)

REFERENCE:
https://quizlet.com/130379076/the-cardiovascular-system-blood-vessels-supply-and- drain-flash-cards/
14

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REFERENCES

Module 13 The Blood, Heart and Circulatory System

Anatomy of the Human Heart - Posterior View. (n.d.). PurposeGames.Com. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.purposegames.com/game/anatomy-of-the-heart-posterior-view-quiz

BP Calculator. (n.d.). Www.Baymedicalgroup.Co.Uk. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from

https://www.baymedicalgroup.co.uk/bp-calculator

CV Physiology | Electrocardiogram Standard Limb Leads (Bipolar). (n.d.). Www.Cvphysiology.Com.

Retrieved February 23, 2020, from https://www.cvphysiology.com/Arrhythmias/A013a

External Heart Anatomy Diagram | Heart anatomy, Heart diagram, Human heart anatomy. (n.d.).
Pinterest. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/395261304767799606/

Gross anatomy of the heart anterior view - Anatomy & Physiology 2094c with Socci at Seminole State
College. (n.d.). StudyBlue. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/gross-anatomy-of-the-heart-anterior-view/deck/22371882

heart | Taber’s Medical Dictionary. (n.d.). Www.Tabers.Com. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.tabers.com/tabersonline/view/Tabers-Dictionary/748184/all/heart

Nasir, S. Z. (2017, August 31). Introduction to ECG. The Engineering Projects.

https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2017/08/introduction-to-ecg.html

Pin on Anatomy & Physiology. (n.d.). Pinterest. Retrieved July 26, 2020, from
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/423971752404940536/

Pulses of the Human Body. (2016, October 24). CPR Works. https://cprworksfl.com/2016/10/24/pulses-
of-the-human-body/

Shaikhani. (2009, October 17). Cardiac Dysrhythmias. https://www.slideshare.net/shaikhani/cardiac-

dysrhythmias

15

All rights reserved. No part of this Manual maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or any
means , including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written
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