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ADENO Edited
ADENO Edited
ADENO Edited
FAMILY ADENOVIRIDAE
Conventional Adenovirus
2 genera:
1. Mast adenovirus – Affects both animals & humans
2. Aviadenovirus - Affects birds
• Many produces mild or subclinical respiratory diseases.
• Some produces mild or subclinical intestinal infection
• Few produce severe systemic diseases
• Contains double – stranded DNA
• Non enveloped
• Icosahedra symmetry
• 70 to 90 nm
• 252 capsomeres, 7nm each
Pentons – 12 vertex capsomeres that are antigenically distinct from other
240 capsomeres (hexons). Each penton carries a filamentous
Projection of fiber.
• Resistant to ether but can be inactivated by many disinfectants
• Viral assembly takes place in the nucleus of the cell, where IB are seen.
• Oncogenic – under certain conditions
- produces cytopathological pattern in monolayer cell cultures
with marked rounding of cells that form aggregates in grapelike
clusters
● Properties of Virus
- Resistance: a.) Survives well when frozen or dried
b.) Survives between ph 3-9 at room temperature
c.) Ether & chloroform resistant
d.) Survives for days in 0.5% phenol
- Susceptibility: a.) 0.2% formal in at 24 hrs
b.) 50oc after 150 minutes
c.) 60oc in 3-5 minutes
● Cultivation
- Successfully cultivated in roller-tube cultures of dog kidney
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- Natural Infection ( oro-nasal exposure)
↓
Tonsils (localize & replicate)
↓
● Necropsy Findings:
- No evidence of emaciation
- Liver - somewhat swollen & light in color with stiff capsule;
more prominent than normal lobule
- Blood vessels and sinusoids – greatly dilated and blood
content is increased
- Endothelial cells & kupffer cells – greatly swollen with Cowdry
Type inclusion bodies
- Gall bladder is thickened
- Spleen is enlarged
● Immunity:
CAV-1 – protects dogs against itself & CAV-2
CAV-2 – protects dogs against itself & CAV-1
● Diagnosis:
1. Presumptive – a. Clinical signs
b. Clinic pahological findings
* Difficult to distinguish from Canine Distemper clinically
2. Confirmative – a. Virus isolation in cell culture
b. Serologic tests
c. Gross & microscopic lesions @ necropsy
At necropsy, ICH can be readily distinguished from CD:
a. Characteristics liver and gallbladder lesions &
effusions in body cavities with ICH
b. ICH – intranuclear Inclusion Bodies
CD – intracytoplasmic Inclusion Bodies
● Treatment:
- Basically symptomatic & supportive
a. Fluid therapy – lV, slowly
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b. Fresh whole blood- counter the effects of DIC
c. Hypertonic glucose infusion – counter hypoglycemia
associated with neurological signs in fox
● Prevention:
1. Active Immunization – using inactivated or attenuated CAV-1
or CAV-2 vaccines
2. Passive Temporary Maternal Immunity
3. Hyper immune homologous serum
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● Diagnosis
1. Clinical signs
2. Laboratory tests for identification
Specimens: a. nasal swab
b. Pharyngeal swab
c. Tracheal wash sample
- Easily isolated and identified in cell cultures
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Mouth → oropharyngeal lymph nodes → intestinal epithelium = Enteritis
Nose → epithelial cells of respiratory tract → downward infection
=Pneumonia
Conjunctiva → conjunctival epithelium = Conjunctivitis or
Keratoconjunctivitis
• Immunity
- neutralizing antibodies are developed within 10-14 days
- strong and lasting immunity after vaccination or natural disease
• Diagnosis:
- Requires laboratory isolation & identification of virus
- Materials/ Specimens:
a. exudates from nasal passages from acutely
b. exudates from conjunctiva ill animals
c. feces
d. trachea & lung tissues
- The ability of most serotypes to hemagglutinate rat erythrocytes
provide an especially convenient & quick identification
- ELISA- an excellent way to diagnose disease
● Treatment:
- no specific treatment
- antibiotics are used to control secondary bacterial invaders
- appropriate supportive measures is recommended
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- In neonates, signs developed are: a) fever
b) nasal & ocular discharge
c) dyspnea
- Older foals are less affected. Colostrum-fed foals had milder illness than
colostrums-deprived foals.
- Lesions in older foals are: a) hyperplasia
b) swelling
c) necosis
d) intranuclear 1B in epithelial cells of
respiratory tract
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DISEASES CAUSED BY GENUS AVIADENOVIRUS
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involved
● Immunity
- long-lasting, solid immunity is conferred with monovalent virus
- Maternal antibodies confer temporary protection to young
chicks
- Inactivated vaccine is used in breeder flocks
- manifested by:
a. Respiratory Illness – severe in day-old poults
b. Hemorrhagic Enteritis - affects young turkeys
- show bloody diarrhea
- acute death – occur in large number of
dark red, bloody clots in intestinal tract,
many petechiae in the mucous membrane
of small intestine, atrophy of spleen and
cecum.
c. Marble Spleen Disease – described in young poults and ring-
necked pheasant
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