Oral Surgery

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Muscles of Mastication

Masseter muscle Temporalis muscle Lateral pterygoid ms. Medial pterygoid ms.
superficial head: 1. floor of temporal fossa. Upper head : superficial head :
lower border of ant. 2/3 of 2. deep surface of temporal infra-temporal surface of grater max. tuberosity.
origin zygomatic arch. fascia. wing of sphenoid. Deep head :
Deep head Lower head : deep surface of lat. pterygoid
inner surface of post. lat. surface of lat. pterygoid plate. plate & pterygoid fossa..
1/3 of zygomatic arch.
insertion Fibers inserted into Lat. surface 1. ant. border and medial surface Fibers inserted into Fibers inserted into med. surface of
of ramus of mand. of coronoid process. 1. articular disk. angle of mand.
2. ant. border of ramus of mand. 2. pterygoid fovea.
3. neck of the mand.
Nerve Masseteric of ant. division of Deep temporal of ant. division of Lateral pterygoid branch of ant. medial pterygoid branch of trunk of
supply mand n. mand n. division of mand n.. mand. n.
Whole ms. : Whole ms. : Ms of both sides Ms of both sides
Elevate the mand. Elevate the mand. 1. acting together 1. acting together
action Deep head : Post fibers : protrude and depress the mand. protrude and elevate the mand.
Retract the mand. Retract the mand. 2. acting alternatively 2. acting alternatively
superficial head : Side to side. Side to side.
Protrude the mand. Ms of 1 side act alone Ms of 1 side act alone
1. pull mand. to opposite side. 1. pull mand. to opposite side.
2. protrude and depress the mand. 2. protrude and elevate the mand.

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Origin : largest terminal branch of external carotid artery , arised in parotid gland behind TMJ.
Course
1st part of Maxillary artery
runs horizontally medial to neck of mand.
runs along the lower border of the lateral
pterygoid muscle.
1. Deep auricular artery
ascends in parotid behind T.M.J.
2. Ant. tympanic artery.
enters tympanic cavity through petro-tympanic f.
3. middle meningeal artery
ascends deep to lat. ptrygoid ms. bn 2 roots of
auriculo-temporal n.
enters middle cranial fossa through f.
spinosum.
runs forward & laterally on floor of middle
cranial fossa.
it ends by dividing into ant. & post. branch
Branches
4. Accessory meningeal artery:
runs upward to enter skull through f. ovale.
5. Inferior alveolar artery
runs downwards on inner surf. of mand. ,
behind inf. alveolar n.
enters mand. F. & runs in mand. canal.
ends by dividing into 2 branches (mental &
incisive).
Branches:
a. mylohoid a.
b. Mental branch
c. Incisor branch
Maxillary artery
2nd part of Maxillary artery
runs upward and forward.
runs either superficial or deep to the
lower head of the lat. pterygoid.
1. Masseteric artery
supplies the masseter through mand. notch.
2. Deep temporal arteries
supply the temporalis muscle.
3. Lat. pterygoid branches.
supplies the lat. ptrygoid ms.
4. Med. pterygoid branches.
supplies the medial ptrygoid ms.
5. Buccal artery
supplies the buccinator ms.
Oral Surgery
3rd part of Maxillary artery
Leaves the infra-temporal fossa to enters the
pterygopalatine fossa by passing between the two head of
lateral pterygoid muscle.
1. Posterior superior alveolar artery
runs on back of max. to enters alveolar canals.
2. Greater palatine artery
descends through greater palatine canal.
emerges on hard palate through greater palatine f.
runs in a curved groove near alveolar ridge to incisive canal.
ascends in incisive canal to end at ant. inf. Angle of nasal
septum.
Branches : 2 or 3 lesser palatine arteries.
3. Sphenopalatine artery
reaches the nose through sphenopalatine fo.
crosses the roof of nose to reach nasal septum.
runs downward forward on the nasal septum to end at the ant.
inf. angle by anastomosing with the greater palatine a.
4. Pharyngeal branch
runs backward through the palatovaginal canal
5. Artery of pterygoid canal
runs backward through the pterygoid canal.
6. infra-orbital artery
enters the orbit through infra-orbital fissure .
runs on infra-orbital groove then infra orbital canal to emerge on
face through infra-orbital f.
Branches (in infraorbital canal.....)
a) orbital. b) middle sup. alveolar. c) ant. sup. Alveolar.
 Oral Surgery
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Source: Dr Ahmed Elnashar paper

‫ن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ن‬

‫بق‬
‫أول فـ أعرفوهم ي‬
‫ مهمي وممكن نتسأل فيهم بالرغم من من إنهم متشحوش ع أساس إننا درسناهم يف ي‬Max. artery ‫ والـ‬muscles of mastication ‫األستيولوج والـ‬‫ي‬ ‫الدكاترة قالوا إن‬
sphenopalatine ganglion related anatomically to max. nerve but functionally to facial nerve ‫ناخد بالنا إن‬
‫ن‬ ‫ن‬
‫ ده‬fracture ‫الل فيها الـ‬
‫إل الناحيه ي‬
‫ هيتحرك ي‬mandible ‫ فالـ‬mandible ‫ يف الـ‬side ‫ يف أي‬fracture ‫لو حصل‬
:‫األول‬
‫ي‬
‫ن‬
‫المحاضة‬ ‫ن يف تعديل ن يف‬
‫ن‬
‫الل‬
‫ هما ي‬tensor veli and tensor tympani ‫ يف نفس الصفحة العضالت متبدله‬5 ‫ ورقم‬infraorbital nerve ‫هيبق‬ ‫ي‬ infratemporal nerve ‫ اول سطر خالص بدل‬7 ‫▪ صفحة‬
supplied by medial pterygoid nerve
join nervous intermedius branch of facial to pass ‫ه‬‫ ي‬from facial nerve ‫ مش‬ganglion ‫ بتاعه الـ‬para-sympathetic fibers ‫ اخر حاجه خالص الـ‬13 ‫▪ صفحة‬
through geniculate ganglion and form greater petrosal nerve
middle sup. alv. and ant sup. alv. ‫ الكالم المكتوب ده تبع الـ‬carries ‫ أول ن يف خانة‬inf.alv. ‫ ن يف الـ‬19 ‫▪ صفحة‬