PLEASE ANSWER THE FF. COMPLETELY. SHOW YOUR SOLUTIONS.

10 POINTS PER
NUMBER.
1. In a certain city there are 4 crossroads with traffic light opens or closes the traffic
with the same probability of 0.5. Determine the probability of a car crossing first two
crossroads without stopping.
Solution: P(A∩B) = P(A)P(B)

= 0.5 x 0.5
= 0.25 or 25%

2. A lot of 24 bulbs contains 25% defective bulbs. A bulb is drawn at random from the
lot. It is found to be not defective and it is not returned. Now, one bulb is drawn at
random from the rest. What is the probability that the bulb is not defective?
Solution: 25% of 24

25
= x 24=6
100

All in all, there are 6 bulbs that are defective and 18 bulbs that are not.
We remove one bulb after the first draw, leaving 6 defective bulbs and 17 non-defective bulbs.
As a result, when the second bulb is drawn, there should be a total of 23 (6 + 17) = 989 possible
outcomes. Then the probability of the bulb not being defective are 17/23.

3. What is the probability of getting a sum of 22 or more when four dice are thrown?

Solution: The total number of ways is 6 4 = 1,269 ways.

- Number of ways getting a sum of 22 = 10

(4666, 6466, 6646, 6664, 5566, 5656, 5665, 6655, 6565, 6556)
- Number of ways getting a sum of 23 = 4
(5666, 6566, 6656, 6665)
- Number of ways getting a sum of 24 = 1
(6666)

Number of favorable cases = 10 + 4 + 1 = 15

15
Probability =
1296

4. Find the probability of getting 53 Sundays in a leap year.

Solution: We know that a leap year has 366 days. (52 weeks + 2 odd days)
These 2 days can be:
 1. Saturday, Sunday
2. Sunday, Monday
3. Monday, Tuesday
4. Tuesday, Wednesday
5. Wednesday, Thursday
6. Thursday, Friday
7. Friday, Saturday

Out of the 7 pairs, 2 of them have Sunday.

{ { Saturday , Sunday } , { Sunday , Monday } } 2

= / 0.28
{ Saturday , Sunday } , … ,{Friday , Saturday } 7

5. Fifteen people sit around a circular table. What are the odds against two particular
people sitting together?
Solution: The number of ways to seat 15 people around a circular table is (n-1)!
= (15 – 1)!
= 14! ways
If two persons out of fifteen sit together, the number of ways is (n-2)! x 2!
= (15 – 2)! X 2!
= 13! x 2!
To determine the odds:
= 13! x 2! ÷ 14!
1
=
17
Therefore:
- The odds in favor are 1:6.
- The odds against 2 particular person sitting together are 6:1.

6. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the number obtained on one
of the dice is multiple of the number obtained on the other dice?

Solution: Total number of cases is 62 = 36

 1,1 1,2 and 2,1 2,4
2,2 1,3 and 3,1 4,2
3,3 1,4 and 4,1 2,6
4,4 1,5 and 5,1 6,2
5,5 1,6 and 6,1 3,6
6,6 6,3

6 10 6
22
22 11
Therefore, the probability is or .
36 18

7. Three dice are rolled together. What is the probability of getting at least one “4“?

Solution: Total number of outcomes for rolling 3 dice is 63 = 216.

Outcomes with exactly one “4”:

3
= ( ) x 52
1
= 3 x 25
= 75
Outcomes with exactly two “4”:
3
= ( ) x 51
2
=3x5
= 15
Outcomes with exactly three “4”:
3
= ( ) x 50
3
=1
Favorable outcomes: 75 + 15 + 1 = 91
91
Probability of getting at least one “4” is: ∨42.13 %
216
8. Find the probability of getting two heads when five (5) coins are tossed.

Solution: The total number of ways is 25= 32.

1
P (no head) =
32
5!
P (two heads) = 5C2 ¿ = 10
2! ( 5−2 ) !
 10 5
The probability of getting two heads is: ∨
32 16

9. A problem is given to three persons, a, b, c (whose respective chances of solving it

are 2/7, 4/7, and 4/9 respectively. What is the probability that the problem is solved?
Solution:

2
Probability of solving, A =
7
Probability of not solving, A:
2 5
1–( ¿=
7 7
4
Probability of solving, B =
7
Probability of not solving, B:
4 3
1–( )=
7 7
4
Probability of solving, C =
9
Probability of not solving, C:
4 5
1–( )=
9 9

Probability that the problem will be solved: 1 – (probability of not solving: A, B, C)

5 3 5
=1–( )( )( )
7 7 9
75
=1–
441
( 441−75 ) 366 122
= = or
441 441 147

122
Therefore, the probability that the problem will be solved is:
147

10. There are 5 green and 7 red balls. Two balls are drawn one by one without
replacement. Find the probability that the first ball is green and the second is red.
Solution: Total number of ways to pick up the balls: 12C2 = 66
 5
Probability that the first one is green: Now, there are 11 balls.
12
7
Probability that the second is red:
11
We want the green ball first and red ball second to be in half.

1 35 35
Therefore, x =
2 66 132