Lab # 08 Band Pass & Band Stop Filters

To design a passive band pass and band stop filter using Resistor, Inductor and capacitor, and
also draw the Bode Plot.
To design RLC band pass and band stop filter with center frequency of 5KHZ, also draw the Bode
Plot.

Introduction:

The objective :
• A series resonant circuit can be used as a band pass filter when the output is taken
at the resistor and a band stop filter when the output is taken at the LC series
combination.
• When plotted on a Bode plot, the gain approaches two asymptotes: the pass band
frequency gain approaches a constant gain of 1dB while the stop band frequency
gain drops to 0 dB/decade.
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:
(1) Designpassive RLC band pass and band stop filters.
(2) Understand the difference in response of the filter circuits.

EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES:
(1) Calculate and measure center frequency for band-pass and band-stop filters.
(2) Design of RLC band-pass and notch filters.
(3)Bode plots for filters.

PRE-LAB

Diagram:
In Lab:
Note: Before the starts of simulation make sure that the calculated values of R, L
and C are available in Lab. Otherwise Design your circuits according to the
available values.

EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

 Digital Function Generator  Digital Oscilloscope with Probes.

 Bread Board
 Capacitors
 Inductors
 Resistors

Figure:1 Band pass filter and its magnitude response

Band Stop Filters:

A filter that prevents a band of frequencies between two designated values (w1 and
w2) from passing is known as band stop, band reject or notch filter.
Task 1: RLC Band Pass Filter

Simulated values:

Sample Frequency Output Voltage (V) Gain Phase (degree)

(KHz)
 0.001fc = 500 9.98 -0.017 -0.59
0.01fc = 1000 9.78 -0.193 -5.91
0.5fc = 1500 8.80 -1.110 -27.38
Fc = 2000 6.70 -3.478 -46.01
2Fc = 2500 4.16 -7.61 -64.24
4fc = 3000 2.28 -12.48 -83.12
6fc = 3500 1.49 -16.53 -85.42
8fc = 4000 1.06 -19.49 -86.54
10fc = 4500 0.86 -21.31 -87.48
100fc = 5000 0.10 -40 -89.44

1) Set up the circuit shown in Fig (1).Use the function generator FGEN for the
supply voltage vin 10 VP-P.

2) Connect channels 1 and 2 of the oscilloscope to measure Vs and

Voutsimultaneously.

3) Vary the frequency from 500 Hz to 10 kHz in steps indicated in Table 1, and
record the indicated value. With each frequency change, make sure that
Vinis still 10Vpp. Note: Remember input voltage remains constant.

4) Using the data of Table 1, sketch a Bode plots of the of the filter’s output
voltage.

Task 2: RLC Band Stop Filter

Repeat the Task 1 for the circuit shown in Fig (2), and record your result in Table 2

Note: Sketch all Bode Plots of measured results on one graph paper given on page #10
0.001fc:-

Simulated values:

Frequency(Khz) Output voltage(V) Gain Phase(degree)

0.001Fc = 500 9.98 -0.017 -0.59
0.01Fc = 1000 9.84 -0.140 -5.91
0.5Fc = 1500 7.56 -2.429 -27.38
Fc = 2000 4.36 -7.210 -46.01
2Fc = 2500 1.74 -15.189 -64.24
4Fc = 3000 0.52 -25.67 -83.12
6Fc = 3500 0.24 -32.39 -85.42
8Fc = 4000 0.14 -37.07 -86.54

Third Order Low Pass Filter:

𝑓𝑐3 =

1/2𝜋𝑅3𝐶3

1/2𝜋∗ 33 𝐾∗ 0.001µ𝐹

= 4.832 𝐾𝐻𝑧

0.001fc :-
Simulation values:

Frequency(Khz) Output voltage(V) Gain Phase(degree)

0.001Fc = 500 9.98 -0.017 -0.59
0.01Fc = 1000 9.78 -0.140 -5.91
0.5Fc = 1500 6.5 -3.74 -27.38
Fc =2000 3.20 -9.98 -46.01
2Fc = 2500 0.74 -22.61 -64.24
4Fc = 3000 0.12 -38.41 -83.12
6Fc = 3500 0.04 -47.95 -85.42
8Fc = 4000 0.016 -55.91 -86.54

Hardware Values:

Frequency First order circuits(Vo) Second order Third order circuits(Vo)

circuits(Vo)
0.001Fc = 500 10.08V 10.08V 9.76V
0.01Fc = 1000 9.98V 9.96V 9.68V
0.5Fc = 1500 7.60V 7.76V 8.001V
Fc = 5k 5.20V 5.52V 5.72V
2Fc = 2000 3.04V 3.28V 3.38V
4Fc = 2500 1.70V 1.80V 1.80V
6Fc = 3000 1.16V 1.20V 1.12V
8Fc = 3500 888mV 920mV 910mV
10Fc = 4000 712mV 728mV 732mV
100Fc = 5000 113mV 70mV 120mV

POST LAB :
1) Design second order and third order RC high pass filter?

2) Create Bode plots of the magnitude transfer functions of current.

 3) Compare the response of first order, second order and third order filters?

If we increase the number of order in a circuit the efficiency of blocking and admitting signal
Increases, If we want a result of more accuracy we have to make a circuit having greater
number of Order.

CONCLUSION / CRITICAL ANALYSIS :

This lab was performed to design a passive band pass and band stop filter using Resistor,
Inductor and capacitor and to design RLC band pass and band stop filter with center
frequency of 5KHZ. In this lab , we learnt that a series resonant circuit can be used as a
band pass filter when the output is taken at the resistor and a band stop filter when the
output is taken at the LC series combination . Also In this lab we calculated and
measured center frequency for band-pass and band-stop filters , designed RLC band-pass
and notch filters and also drew Bode plots for filters.