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INDUSTRIAL PROFILE:
HISTORY OF RUBBER
The history of rubber is quite fascinating. The stories of how rubber was
discovered vary depending on who is telling the story. One story tells of a Mayas
Indian woman who was walking through the rain forest gathering edibles when she
came across a crying tree. She took a sample of the tears back to the tribe’s chief
who found the latex substance unique.
Maybe you have heard that Christopher Columbus was responsible for discovering
rubber after visiting Haiti in the 1490’s and watching the natives play with a
bouncy ball. Or even better, how a French astronomer in 1736 was sent to Peru by
his government and returned with samples of a white fluid consistency of honey.
RubberInAmerica
Though, these stories have great likelihood, the story with the most impact on
rubber as we know it today is Charles Goodyear from Trenton, NJ. You may think
Charles Goodyear was the founder of Goodyear Tire Company, but you would be
incorrect. The company was named after Charles, but did not go into business until
years after his death. Rather, Mr. Goodyear is considered the first inventor to
vulcanize rubber.
It all started after Mr. Goodyear walked into a store to purchase a rubber life-
preserver in 1834. After his purchase, he became obsessed with the material and
how it could be useful. Shortly after, Mr. Goodyear was granted a U.S.
Government contract to make rubber mail bags, but in making the mail bags, they
began to decompose quite rapidly. See, rubber had two essential problems; it
became sticky when it was hot and stiff when it was cold. Even though merchants
have been known to use rubber in clothing and on shoes since 1820s, it wasn’t
until Mr. Goodyear accidentally discovered the process to cure the entire mass of
rubber rather than just the outside in 1839 that made the biggest impact.
In 1844, Mr. Goodyear was granted a U.S. patent for his discovery, but
unfortunately, he would not make a dime off of it. Rather he died in 1860, a poor
man. While Mr. Goodyear was making his discoveries in America, across the
Atlantic Ocean, another inventor named Thomas Hancock was doing the same. He
would later be given credit for the name “vulcanization” which was said to come
from the God Vulcan of Roman mythology. Mr. Hancock also invented an internal
mixer which would simplify the adaption of rubber to other textile.
As rubber popularity and demand increased, so did the problems associated with
gathering natural rubber. Unfortunately, rubber farmers were ruthlessly exploited,
while supply and transportation became a major issue. It is said that in 1876, an
Englishman gathered seeds from Brazil and returned to England. Seeds were
disbursed to the Far East as well. This action began the increase in rubber tree
farms across the world.
TheRubberIndustry
In 1889, John Dunlop of England produced the first commercially successful tire
for bicycles and would later create the first automobile tire in 1906. As the auto
industry began taking off after 1910s, rubber continued to be a hot commodity. The
progression of World War II showed the vulnerability of rubber supply as many
countries struggled to get enough rubber to produce weapons and supplies. It
became increasingly apparent that a natural rubber alternative was needed.
Chemists across the globe were actively trying to invent an artificial version of
rubber, which would be called synthetic rubber.
In 1910, history tells us that the Russians were the first to prepare a synthetic
rubber called Polybutadiene. The Germans would follow 20 years later with a
commercial rubber called Buna-S (Styrene Butadience Copolymer). In the United
States, a research and development project was initiated by the government along
with the industry to develop Styrene Butadiene Rubber or what is referred to now
as SBR.
As time went on, other artificial rubbers were introduced:
1931
DuPont produced Duprene, which is now called Neoprene.
1934
Germans created an oil-resistant rubber called Buna-N or Perbunan.
1940s
Butyl Rubber was manufactured.
1950s
DuPont would release Hypalon and Viton; Bayer produced Polyurethane.
1960s
Ethylene Propylene Terpolymer Rubber or EPDM was created; Also Shell created
Shell Isoprene Rubber and Goodyear produced Natsyn or Polyisoprene.
More recently, Thermoplastic Elastomers were invented. These materials behave
like rubber, but soften like plastic when heated.
All of these inventions would have a significant impact on the rubber industry. It is
thought that natural rubber makes up one-third of all rubber manufacturing.
As an industrialist:
Sundaram iyengar after quitting his jobs laid the foundation for the motor
transport industry in south Indian when he first started a bus service in the city of
Madurai in the year 1911. He established the TV Sundaram iyengar and son
limited in 1911. When by his death in 1955, operator a number of buses and
Lorries under the little of southern roadway Ltd. This paved the way for the generis
of the TVS group.
1962
The company was started in the year 1962 with the initial processing of tyre
repair material and bush kits.
1977
The new concept of having the tool room within the company instead of
importing was introduced.
1981
Injection moulding:
1986
Supply for maruti – engine mounts:
The powder coated moulded engine mounting were supplied to the maruti
ears for the mounting of engine inside the body. It was the first supply to the car
company.
1992
This was the year that gave a great beginning to the company. The strategic
business units were setup in the company and the plans were made according to the
strategies that the units framed.
1993
ISO 9002:
The year 1993 was a remarkable year since the company got 9002 certified
for the products that were manufactured and supplied to the customers.
1999
QS 9000:
Traditional zone
Non-traditional zone
Andhra Pradesh
Districts of Kerala
Orissa
HDFC
Shift timing:
Environment Policy:
We are committed to
Engine mountings
Suspension
Bushes
Bellows Boots
Diaphragms
Dust cover
O – Rings
Oil seals
Buffers
Specialized material for repairing & reconditioning convey belting.
Rerubbering rollers for printing tanning, textile, paper, confectionary,
tea etc. including battle tank wheel Rerubberising.
Major Competitors:
Ford
Brakes India
Wabco TVS
Maruti
Rane
Fiat
Godrej
Honda
Tata
Mahindra
Bridge stone
Toyota
Delphi
Bharat forge
Whirlpool
Wheel India Ltd
BHEL
Volks wagen
Benz
Renault
PRODUCT PROFILE
TVS rubber manufactories various rubber products and metal bonded rubber
products.
Diaphragms
Mounting
Radiator gaskets
Oil rings
Rollers
Suspension bushes
Bellow boots
Tank wheel
The TVS group is one of the India’s largest industrial conglomerates. Mr.
T.V. SUNDARAM IYENGAR and SONS Ltd established the rubber factory in
1962. The company was producing rubber based products.
The company was accredited ISO 9001: 14001 & ISO/TS 16949 for its
competing standards and bio-friendly of waste disposal. The annual sales turnover
is around Rs.1354 million. TVS rubber has been among the first to be certified for
DEMING PRIZE, TPM, JUSE QUALITY MEDAL and QS 9000. TVS has both
domestic manufacturing clients are BREAKS INDIA, FORD, DENSO
KIRLOSKAR, DELPHI, LUSAS TVS, MANDO BREAKS, MICO, MUNJAL
SHOWA LTD, DE BE PVT LTD, NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPN., STONE
INDIA LTD, SAB WABCO LTD and WHIRLPOOL OF INDIA LTD.
TVS has the global markets international clients from USA, AK, GREMAN,
ITALY, FRANCE, FINLAND, DENMARK, GREECE, AUSTRALIA, MIDDLE
EAST SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA and LEBANON.
The products are made to international standards like ASTM, BS, DIN, JIS
and GOST standard room for calibration of instruments. A dedicated workforce of
1500 employee in manufacturing, tool room and testing. The company has a
modern tool room to speed up fabrication of moulds, tolls, jigs, fixtures. It has
backed by an excellent research and development facility to role 6000 components
per year.
The TVS group is one of the India’s largest industrial groups. TV Sundaram
iyengar is founder of the group. SUNDARAM INDUSTRIES LIMITED is one of
the members of the TVS Group. It has been the largest manufacture of molded
rubber product since 1962. The company manufactures more than 5000 different
products. It has two plants, one in Madurai – Tamilnadu and other is Gorgon - New
Delhi. It success is mainly due to excellence in quality and customer satisfaction.
Bangalore
Vijayawada
Cochin
Chennai
Vision:
“Together we Excel”.
Mission:
TPM Policy:
Quality policy:
Employee Empowerment:
Product Range:
Sundaram industry rubber manufactures a wide range of rubber product from automotive
and industry application ranging from ting ‘0’rings to tank treys which comprises of over 6000
different products other product, other product includes oil seals, bushing
pads,grommets,sealing rings,gaskets,dustcovers etc.
Manufacturing Infrastructure:
With excellent R&D capabilities, tvs rubber has produced the moulding process using the
entire range of polymers. It has been able to develop its core competence and aligns objective at
all levels to realize synergy in operation from concept design to development of products.
Tvs rubber computerized mixers makes the process fool support by an in built mode tool
room and CAD faculty, tvs rubber tools out products employing latest injection and transfer
molding techniques tvs rubber has embarked on a continues improvement program by
internalizing the principle of TPM. It has the ability to test any physical and chemical properties
in rubber and endurance testing of product to exceed customer requirements.
TVs rubber supplies its products to its concerns other tvs groups companies and
also government industries.
MANUFACTURING PROCESSING:
Rubber Process:
There are difference grades of rubber such as 5351/A, 5351/B, EDU/PEDAL etc.
Accounting to the demand and the purpose of the using the rubber they choose the grade. The
flow diagram explains the processing of the rubber.
Raw Material:
The raw materials used in manufacturing rubber are natural and synthetic, carbon, oil and
chemical. The above components are mixed in a proportionate amount. The oil used in the
rubber manufacturing in process oil, BL, DBP, powder flex esoyal 62, DOX, etc. Some of the
chemicals are die up 40C, sculpture, SVKM, zinc oxide, blowal, magnesium oxide, etc.
Compound Mixing:
The rubber, carbon, oil and chemicals are taken in proportionate quantity and fed
to the milling machine which is driven by 3 phase induction motor of rating 415V, 50HZ.
In this machine have two pairs of rollers, one at the top and other at the bottom. The
mixer is fed to the bottom roller and the output of the bottom roller is fed as the input of
the top rollers. The mixer is turned as a rubber sheet. The sheet is cooled in an AVIPOL
tank. This rank consists of fan and water. The rubber sheet kept inside it till it reaches
room temperature.
Pre-Forming:
Extruding:
The rubber is then extruded into the desired shape using extruders. The die decides
the shape of the extruded product. The machine used in TVS rubber industry for this
extruding process are four and half extruder, three and half extruder and bare – well
extruder.
Slug Cutting:
In this stage the extruded rubber obtained is made into small piece called SLUG.
This slug may be square rectangular are some irregular shapes. The slag is kept in stock
in order to meet sudden rise in demand.
Sheet Cutting:
In this stage the rubber sheet obtained is cut into long strip which is fed to the
injection press. The injection press is mainly used to manufacture huge size bushing and
engine moulding.
Moulding:
Compression:
In this press the slug as fed inside the machine with pressure of 2000psi. The slug is
made into the desired shape using the mould. When the mould is a standard shape the
then slug is turned to a standard shape by applying temperature and pressure.
Injection Press:
In this press the sheets of rubber is injected through an extruded cyline. The thermal
controller is used to maintain oil temperature and heated of 1000EW maintains the place
temperature 200 C. The injection press is driven by a 3 has squirrel cage injection motor
150 Kw, 50Hz, 1450rpm, 27.6 Amps, 415 V is coupled mechanically by the pump. In
hydraulic pump hydraulic oil is used to maintain pressure of 2000psi.
Inspection:
In this section the each and every product is weighed, checked to the desired one.
They check whether there is any damage. After inspection the quality products are
dispatched to the customers.
Product Process flow:
Raw material used:
Here natural rubber, oil, chemical and carbon are used as the raw material.
The raw materials are stored in the stores were quality checking process is
undergone.
Mixing:
In this process (natural rubber + oil + chemical + carbon) are mixed in a kneader
and then after cooling process the mixed blank sent through two rollers and made as
sheet.
IP store:
After inspection the rubber blank stored in IP store and then they performed rubber
blank sent to the moulding process.
Moulding:
Types of moulding:
Compression moulding.
Injection and transfer moulding.
o Horizontal Injection.
o Vertical Injection.
Vacuum moulding.
1. Compression Moulding:
Compression moulding is a high pressure for moulding complex, high strength
fiberglass reinforcements. This process involves thermosetting resins in partially cured
stages. The resins could be either granules, putty like masses or performs.
The mould is closed and pressure is applied so that the moulding material spread into the
mould areas. During the entire process the heat and the pressure are maintained until the
curing of moulding material.
2. Injection moulding:
Injection moulding pressures are used for manufacturing plastic products by the
injection moulding process. These presses can faster the moulds in either a horizontal or
vertical position. Most preferable presses are horizontally oriented however vertically
oriented presses are used in some niche applications such as insert moulding. To faster
the tools to the platens here are many options like manual clamps, hydraulic clamps and
magnetic clamps.
Injections moulding presses are classified primarily by the type of driving system. In
injection moulding more amounts of flashes are ejected.
3. Vacuum moulding:
These moulding presses are state of art machines, offering highly accurate and
precise application. Theses presses are used in moulding rubber, plastic and composites
as well as they can be used for wide variety of functions as bounding, laminating,
assembling etc. These machines allow mould with the two mould halves fixed on the
heated platens. The presses can be fitted with user friendly reliable PLC based controls.
Vaccum moulding presses are offered in various capacities ranging from 50 to 500
tons. In these highly efficient systems, the compression takes place in a vaccum chamber
where there is closed chamber connected to a pump capable of producing 1m bar ultimate
vaccum. These moulding presses substantially enhance the moulding quality and increase
production up to 50%
SFG:
SFG means Semi Finished Good. After moulding process the product obtained
without removal of flash is called as the semi finished goods.
FG:
FG means Finished Goods. After moulding process finished product obtained after
removal of the flashes is called the finished goods.
The SFG products are converted to FG products by using various process such as
Tear Trimming
Clicking
Manual Deflashing
Inspection:
Despatch:
Thus after quality assurance (QA) the good products along with ok tags are
brought to packing department and finally the box is seal and dispatched.
FINANCE DEPARTMENT:
Finance is regarded as the life blood business enterprise. The modern money
oriented economy, finance is one of the basic foundations of all kinds of economic
activities it is the master key which provides access to the entire source for being
employed in manufacturing and merchandising activities. It has rightly said that business
needs money to make made money.
• Payroll section
• Bills payment section
• Bills receivable section
• Cash accounts section’
• Provident fund section
• Costing and budgeting department
• Purchase scrutiny section
• Book keeping and construction section
Payroll section
The bills payable section is further divided in to two sub-sections. They are:
Bills payable-inland
Bills payable –foreign
Bills receivable
It is the responsibility for the preparation and submission of invoice for the
equipment and spare parts sold; service rendered, followed up for the collection and
accounting of sales and all other works connected to the sales like filling of commercial
tax return etc.
Cash office
This section is responsible for all payments of cash, cheques and accounting
same in the books of accounts.
Provident fund
This deals with the provident fund of the workers and the employees and it
deals with the family provident fund, employees deposit insurance schemes, gratuity fund
and group saving linked insurance plan. It also provide other activities like investment of
PF accumulation in approved securities, final payment of on the termination or on the
death of the person, declaration of the person, declaration of the PF accumulation in
approved securities, declaration of the PF interest and crediting it to the members
accounts etc
Purchase scrutiny
Book keeping
Comparative statement:
In this types of statement have two types of finance details. That is following as:
Receivable Management:
An amount receivable is the money owed to a company by a customer for products
and services purchased on credit. This is usually treated as a current asset of accounts
receiver be after the customer is sent an invoice. Accounts receivable are known by
various names, such as accounts receivable again, account payable, days receivable,
account receivable turnover and invoice factoring.
Hiring the best accounts receivable management will clear. Up the common
misconception that the selling of account receivable is a loan. Accounts receivable are the
amounts that customers own a business. This is clearly shown on a company’s balance
sheet.
Some also call accounts receivable trade receivable and try to classify them as current
assets. Accounts: one must debit a receivable and credits are venue accounts. Accounts
receivable management also looks in to issue such as recognizing accounts receivable,
valuing accounts receivable, and disposing of account receivable.
PAYABLE MANAGEMENT
Cretid management:
Trade credit creates amount receivables or trade debtors also referred to as book
debts in india that the firm is expected to collecte in near future. The customers from
whom receivable or book detbs have to be collected in the future are called trade debtors.
Credit policy:
There is only one way in which the financial management can affect the volume of
credit
Sales and collection period. Consequently invest in accounts receivables that is through
the change in credit policy in sure to refer to the combination of dicision variables.
Credit standards:
Credit standards which have criteria to decide the types of customers which have
criteria to decide the types of customers to whom goods could to sold on credit. If a firm
has more slow playing customer it’s invest in account receivables will increase. The firm
will also be exposed to higher risk of default.
Credit terms:
Collection efforts:
Collection efforts determine the actual collection period. The lower the collection
period is the lower the investment in account receivable and vice versa.
A firm may follow a lenient or a stringer credit policy. The firm following a lenient
credit policy tends to sell on credit to customers on very liberal terms and standards credit
is granted for longer periods over to those customers who credit worthless is not fully
known or whose financial position is doubtful.
List Of Advantages:
Reduced Cost:
Labour Cost:
The progressive tool machinery process,need for only one labour.But the
conventional tool machining process requires minimum two labours.so the labour cost is
reduced.
Efficiency:
Production Rate:
Such in a new method to set of ten core pin and cavity are placed and
using rotational bar method on other side a set is paced.
Total time-3min
In this method when curing takes place the labour can perform the loading
another side such production takes place faster rate and labour work reduced thus
productivity improvement through rotational bar concept.
Cost Analysis:
The cost lost due to dearing is about rs.12000 per month.due to the new tool
design the laws of the company is reduced upto Rs.12000 per month and Rs.1.44lakhs
per year.the rate of new product designed is Rs.3.72 per product and Rs.44.64 per mould.
HR DEPARTMENT:
Introduction:
HRM is defined as the set of activities, programs & functions that are designed to
maximize both organizational as well as employee effectiveness. All the activities of
employee from the time of his entry into an organization until he leaves come under the
horizon of HRM. The divisions included in HRM are Recruitment, Pay roll, Performance
Management, Training & Development, Retention, Industrial Relation, etc.
WHAT IS HRM?
DEFINITION:
Function:
HRM is a function that helps manager’s recruit, select, train and develops
employees for an organization.
1. HR Planning:
2. Job Analysis:
Job analysis is the process of studying and collecting information relating to the
operations and responsibilities of a specific job. The immediate products of this analysis
are job description and job specification.
3. Recruitment:
Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting capable for employment. The
process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are
submitted. The result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected.
4. Selection:
5. Placement:
Placement is understood as the allocation of people to jobs. It is the assignment or
re – assignment of an employee to a new or different job.
Depending on the size, goals, nature of the organization, trainers may differ
considerably in their responsibilities in the methods they use. Training methods include
on the job training; operating schools that duplicate shop condition for trainees prior to
putting them on the shop floor; apprenticeship training, class room training, and
electronic learning, which may involve interactive internet based training, other computer
aided instructional technologies, videos, simulators, conferences and workshops.
7. Remuneration:
Remuneration is the compensation an employee receives in return for his or her
contribution to the organization.
8. Motivation:
9. Participative Management:
10. Communication:
Safety Department:
Safety in simple terms means freedom from risk of injury or less. Individual safety
or employees safety refer to the protection of workers from industrial accidents. The
Indian industries faces thousands of accidents they not only causes pain, disability but
death and also cause untold miseries to the families, apart from accidents it also results in
financial loss, besides legal effects, embracement’s and loss of public image.
Accidents also cripple profit and productivity safety measures have become
therefore necessary for public and industrial undertaking.
Safety means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. In order to
ensure the continuing good health of their employees, that focuses on the need for healthy
workers & healthy services.
Helmets
Goggles
Respirator
Ear muff
Gloves
Apron
Safety belt
Pants
Gagging boots
Safety shoes
Figure guards
Suit
13. Transfer:
14. Separations:
Lay – offs, resignations and dismissal separate employees from the employees.
It is concerned with the systems. Rules and procedures used by unions and
employees to determine the reward for effort and other conditions of employment to
protect the interests of the employed and their employers and to regulate the ways in
within employers treat their employees.
16. Disputes and their settlement:
Supporting department :
Human capitalize most of the process on industrial from the management to the
laymen(operation). An industrial evironment is one of the in which there are a large
number of people from various department working together to meet set goals. When it
comes to unmet goals, fingers should also be pointed to the supporting department as
they also contritute to this matter. The supporting department play their role in
maintaining the consistent pause of work of the industrial shop floor.
PPC: involves in planning the production process and supplies base on orders.
Maintance department:
It is responsible on all the technical matter on the industrial shop floor most of the
industries face problem due to ybfore seen damages that the company will face if a turk is
not done on schedule basis.
Welfare Measures:
It includes anything that is done for comfort and improvement of employees and is
provided over and above the wages welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation
of the employees high so as to retain the employees for longer duration.
Welfare schema:
Drinking water
Facilities for sitting
First aid appliances
Canteen facilities
Lightings
Rest rooms
Changing rooms
Safety Measures:
It is the state of being “safe” the condition of being protected against physical,
social, spiritual, finance, financial, political, emotional, occupation, psychological,
educational or other types of consequences of failure, damage, errors, accidents, harm or
any other event which could be consider non desirable.
Hardware- these are the devices like the monitor, processor, printer and keyboard,
all of which work together to accept, process, show data and information.
Software- is the programs that allow the hardware to process the data.
Databases- are the gathering of associated files or tables containing related data.
Procedures- are the commands for combining the components above to process
information and produce the preferred output.
SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION:
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:
RAM: 500 GB
FROND END:
About ASP.Net:
ASP.Net is an entirely new framework from Microsoft for building next generation web
application. ASP.Net is component based and modularized, every page, object and HTML.
The key component of the new dot.net frame-work has the potential to save organization
time and money by allowing them to establish object oriented framework for the web
application. Microsoft has done an excellent job by automation common web development tasks.
But more importantly they have created a tool that gives developers the ability to handle
any unisex problem.
ASP.Net:
o #Output caching
o #Input caching
Output caching is the process of caching the entire page this kind of caching is advisable for sites
with heavy traffic. Data caching is the process of caching a part of the page that includes object
and data.
Web clients
.Net framework
Server Operating System
This figure shows about the ASP.Net infrastructure and the subsystem relationship.
ASP.Net Features:
Server control:
ASP.Net introduces the concept of server controls which enable the values of the
control to be manipulated on the server side.
Session state:
In ASP.Net the session state is automatically maintained by using a hidden field called
view state. Further ASP.Net offers the flexibility to turn the session state on or at both the page
levels as well the control label. It also possible to store the session state the session directly in the
SQL server database and retrieve at a later time.
Form validations:
ASP.Net offers a rich set of server control to achieve the task of the form validation. These
controls are popularly known as validation controls and can be used to validate all types of
validations.
Web service:
ASP.Net offers a new concept called web service by which a web application can expose it’s
functionally to others on the internet by employing a protocol and in XML format. This entirely
a new concept web service can be employed for displaying news headlines, weather report.
User control:
ASP.Net offers code reusability by introducing the concept of “User control “. The user control
is a possible control, wrapped with common code that can expose properties, methods and event.
These can be employed for opening and closing database connections, which happen quite
frequently in all pages, users controls can be employed wrap up most frequent used HTML code
and reuse it across several web pages.
Registration of components:
In the web development it is common practice to apply a business logic component. This concept
has been received very well by the developers as there is a performance boost when such
business objects are employed. If a component is to be registered in ASP.Net, it has to be copied
in web applications as “BIN” directory.
Data access:
ASP.Net has introduced the next generations, of ADO known as ADO.Net with respect to data
access. ADO.Net places more emphasis on disconnected record sets by employing XML as
medium of communications between these words Set and the data source.
ASP.Net offers a cleaner approach to error and debugging as compared to its predecessor
ASP.Net. It is now possible to specify to specify individual error pages for each ASP.Net page
for each ASP.Net page by employing the new error page directive.
Configuration details:
ASP.Net maintains all the configuration details pertaining to web applications in a file called
configuration. Web which is in a human readable format (XML). The whole range of
configurations details includes which request to handle on specific situation tracing options etc.
IIS provides support for running ASP.Net applications and supports the development of ASP.Net
applications. Microsoft internet information server 4.0 contains ASP.Net pages (ASPX) to
supply the server side processing HTML pages including dispatching requests to external
application responsible for constructing dynamic HTML pages for example web applications
typically call external server application to process HTML form into database server application
to process HTML forms into a database server and to retrieve database records and format them
into dynamic HTML pages which the server then sends to the clients for display.
BACK END:
In 1980 Microsoft and system based team had to create SQL Server. It ran only on IBM’S OS/2
Operating System platform. After release of version 6.6 Microsoft and system based team
separated and SQL Server made its progress into the competitive market. The SQL Server 6.5
the earlier version mainly focused on database design and implementations. The latest version
7.0 is a significant release of SQL Server.
Information Representations
Unique Definition Of Rows
Systematic Treatment Of Null Values
Guaranted Access
High Level Updates Insert And Delete
Development environment:
The industrial rubber products market include products developed from various types of
rubber such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, elastomers (EPM/EPDM), silicone rubber, butyl
rubber (IIR Isobutylene-Isoprene rubber), ethylene-propylene, liquid silicone rubbers (LSR). The
industrial rubber products market is extremely competitive with the top ten companies
accounting for less than one-third of the total sales.
The product segment of industrial rubber include mechanical rubber goods, vibration
control products, molded rubber goods, weather stripping products, wiper blades, rubber hoses,
large bore dredging hose, high pressure hoses, rubber belting, flat belts, non-flat belts, elevator
and conveyor belting, transmission belts, belt drive system, floor and wall coverings, roll
coverings, sheet & film, geomembranes and fabricated rubber products.
Marketing techniques include choosing target markets through market analysis and market
segmentation, as well as understanding consumer behavior and advertising a product's value to
the customer. Marketing satisfies these needs and wants through exchange processes and
building long-term relationships.
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Export:
Analyse the customer requirements. It the product satisfy the customer requirements
proceed the agreement.
If the customer satisfied with the company products.They may maintain the good
relationship with the organization.
If they cannot satisfy they may search organization as well as new products to satisfy
their requirements or needs.
In this section they may produce the new product for using this research and
development. Then they check the oil, chemical, rubber and some other product that is expiery or
not.
Rubber testing.
Chemical testing.
Conducting consumer survey for the purpose of collecting information from customers
for the further product development and evaluation of existing position of product in the market.
Formulations of sales strategies in order to achieve the target turn over. Orientation is given to
dealer and distributors to make aware them about the quality of products.
Channels of Distribution:
A channel of distribution is the path through which products move from the place of
production to the place of ultimate consumption. The company distributes its products through
dealers. The company has around 150 dealers throughout India.
TVS factory
Dealers
Customers
Marketing Functions:
Marketing has different functions such as Sales, Advertising & Brand Management,
Research, Trade Marketing & Digital Marketing (Social Media Marketing is component /
function of Digital Marketing).
Marketing blends art and applied science (such as behavioral sciences) and makes use of
technology. Marketing is applied in enterprise and organizations through marketing
management.
Customer orientation
Constructive criticism helps marketers adapt offerings to meet changing customer needs.
Many companies today have a customer focus (or market orientation). This implies that
the company focuses its activities and products on consumer demands. Generally, there are three
ways of doing this: the customer-driven approach, the market change identification approach and
the product innovation approach.
No strategy is pursued until it passes the test of consumer research. Every aspect of a
market offering, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential
consumers. The starting point is always the consumer. The rationale for this approach is that
there is no reason to spend R&D (research and development) funds developing products that
people will not buy. History attests to many products that were commercial failures in spite of
being technological breakthroughs.
Product → Solution
Promotion → Information
Price → Value
If any of the 4Ps were problematic or were not in the marketing factor of the business, the
business could be in trouble and so other companies may appear in the surroundings of the
company, so the consumer demand on its products will decrease.
Some qualifications or caveats for customer focus exist. They do not invalidate or
contradict the principle of customer focus; rather, they simply add extra dimensions of awareness
and caution to it.
. The lessons drawn from this work include:
Taking customer focus with a grain of salt, treating it as only a subset of one's corporate
strategy rather than the sole driving factor. This means looking beyond current-state
customer focus to predict what customers will be demanding some years in the future,
even if they themselves discount the prediction.
Pursuing new markets (thus new value networks) when they are still in a commercially
inferior or unattractive state, simply because their potential to grow and intersect with
established markets and value networks looks like a likely bet. This may involve buying
stakes in the stock of smaller firms, acquiring them outright, or incubating small,
financially distinct units within one's organization to compete against them.
The extent to which what customers say they want does not match their purchasing
decisions. Thus surveys of customers might claim that 70% of a restaurant's customers
want healthier choices on the menu, but only 10% of them actually buy the new items
once they are offered.
The extent to which customers are currently ignorant of what one might argue they
should want—which is dicey because whether it can be acted upon affordably depends on
whether or how soon the customers will learn, or be convinced, otherwise.
IT hardware and software capabilities and automobile features are examples. Customers
who in 1997 said that they would not place any value on internet browsing capability on a
mobile phone, or 6% better fuel efficiency in their vehicle, might say something different
today, because the value proposition of those opportunities has changed.
Organizational orientation
In this sense, a firm's marketing department is often seen as of prime importance within
the functional level of an organization. Information from an organization's marketing department
would be used to guide the actions of other departments within the firm.
Herd behavior
The basic idea is that people will buy more of products that are seen to be popular, and
several feedback mechanisms to get product popularity information to consumers are mentioned,
including smart card technology and the use of Radio Frequency Identification Tag technology.
Further orientations
An emerging area of study and practice concerns internal marketing, or how employees
are trained and managed to deliver the brand in a way that positively impacts the
acquisition and retention of customers, see also employer branding.
Diffusion of innovations research explores how and why people adopt new products,
services, and ideas.
With consumers' eroding attention span and willingness to give time to advertising
messages, marketers are turning to forms of permission marketing such as branded
content, custom media and reality marketing.
Marketing research
Marketing research involves conducting research to support marketing activities, and the
statistical interpretation of data into information. Marketing researchers use statistical methods
such as quantitative research, qualitative research, hypothesis tests, Chi-squared tests, linear
regression, correlations, frequency distributions, Poisson distributions, binomial distributions,
etc. to interpret their findings and convert data into information. The marketing research process
spans a number of stages, including the definition of a problem, development of a research plan,
collection and interpretation of data and disseminating information formally in the form of a
report. The task of marketing research is to provide management with relevant, accurate, reliable,
valid, and current information.
A distinction should be made between marketing research and market research. Market research
pertains to research in a given market. As an example, a firm may conduct research in a target
market, after selecting a suitable market segment. In contrast, marketing research relates to all
research conducted within marketing. Thus, market research is a subset of marketing research.
Marketing environment
The market environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm's
ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers. Three levels of the
environment are: Micro (internal) environment - forces within the company that affect its ability
to serve its customers. Meso environment – the industry in which a company operates and the
industry's market(s). Macro (national) environment - larger societal forces that affect the
microenvironment.
Market segmentation
Market segmentation pertains to the division of a market of consumers into persons with
similar needs and wants. For instance, Kellogg's cereals, Frosties are marketed to children.
Crunchy Nut Cornflakes are marketed to adults. Both goods denote two products which are
marketed to two distinct groups of persons, both with similar needs, traits, and wants. In another
example, Sun Microsystems can use market segmentation to classify its clients according to their
promptness to adopt new products.
Market segmentation allows for a better allocation of a firm's finite resources. A firm
only possesses a certain amount of resources. Accordingly, it must make choices (and incur the
related costs) in servicing specific groups of consumers. In this way, the diversified tastes of
contemporary Western consumers can be served better. Market segmentation can be viewed as a
key dynamic in interpreting and executing a logical perspective of Strategic Marketing Planning.
The manifestation of this process is considered by many traditional thinkers to include the
following; Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning.
Market research, as a sub-set aspect of marketing activities, can be divided into the following
parts:
Primary research (also known as field research), which involves the conduction and
compilation of research for a specific purpose.[14]
Secondary research (also referred to as desk research), initially conducted for one
purpose, but often used to support another purpose or end goal.
Marketing planning
The marketing planning process involves forging a plan for a firm's marketing activities. A
marketing plan can also pertain to a specific product, as well as to an organization's overall
marketing strategy. Generally speaking, an organization's marketing planning process is derived
from its overall business strategy. Thus, when top management are devising the firm's strategic
direction or mission, the intended marketing activities are incorporated into this plan. There are
several levels of marketing objectives within an organization. The senior management of a firm
would formulate a general business strategy for a firm. However, this general business strategy
would be interpreted and implemented in different contexts throughout the firm.
Marketing strategy
The field of marketing strategy considers the total marketing environment and its impacts
on a company or product or service. The emphasis is on "an in depth understanding of the market
environment, particularly the competitors and customers." A marketing strategy differs from a
marketing tactic in that a strategy looks at the longer term view of the products, goods, or
services being marketed.
A marketing strategy considers the resources a firm has, or is required to allocate in effort
to achieve an objective. Marketing Strategies include the process and planning in which a firm
may be expected to achieve their company goals, in which usually involves an effort to increase
revenues or assets, through a series of milestones or benchmarks of business and promotional
activities.
Positioning
The marketing activity and process of identifying a market problem or opportunity, and
developing a solution based on market research, segmentation and supporting data. Positioning
may refer the position a business has chosen to carry out their marketing and business objectives.
Positioning relates to strategy, in the specific or tactical development phases of carrying out an
objective to achieve a business' or organization's goals, such as increasing sales volume, brand
recognition, or reach in advertising.
Services marketing
1. Inseparability - The customer cannot be separated from the service and therefore, the
use of it is inseparable from its purchase (i.e., a service is used and consumed
simultaneously)
2. Intangibility - It does not possess material form, and thus cannot be touched. Yet, many
services are directly connected to products. Services (compared with goods) can also be
viewed as a spectrum. Not all products are either pure goods or pure services. An
example would be a restaurant, where a waiter's service is intangible, but the food is
tangible.
Service Products - Those pure services or major service components, directly offered
to customers, such as a gig
Product Services - Those service elements associated with a physical objects such as
on-line shopping or instrument tanning
3. Inconsistency (Variability) – Every delivery of the service will be different.
Furthermore, the use of a service is inherently subjective, meaning that several persons
experiencing a service would each experience it uniquely.
4. Inventory (Perish ability) – the service cannot last.
5. Involvement – customer can tailor the service while using it (e.g. hairdresser)
For example, a train ride can be deemed a service. If one buys a train ticket, the use of the train is
typically experienced concurrently with the purchase of the ticket. Although the train is a
physical object, one is not paying for the permanent ownership of the tangible components of the
train.
Right-time marketing
As the number of vendors and delivery channels has increased, customers demand a right
time and place for accepting messages and only pay attention to messages when and how it is
convenient for them.
Guerrilla marketing
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT:
The purchase section is responsible for discharge of the purchase functions. The
functions of the department are
Vendor selection and development
Preparation and dispatch of purchase orders to vendors
Processing of purchase document after receipt of materials
Intimation and follow up of rejection and shortage to the vendors
Follow up of pending purchase orders
The purchasing department is responsible for the efficient purchase of all goods of
proper quality required for the different department.
To verify and approve the invoice for payment Functions of purchase department in TVS
rubber Company mainly requires two types of materials:
Direct material.
Indirect material.
The direct materials for rubber wood furniture product are the round log rubber wood and
indirect material includes hardware item used for production.
The amount of raw material purchased by TVS Rubber Company is around 30 lakh per
month which comprises item including rubber wood and hard ware item like screws, bolt, nail
etc.
Consumables like
Machine belt
Lubricant oil
Engine oil
Break oil etc.
Chemicals like
Boric acid
Borax finger glue Lacquer items
Thinner
Steiner
Sanding belt paper etc.
As a substantial portion of the company’s finance is used for purchasing the rubber wood,
the purchase department should keep in mind the following specifications at the time of
purchasing rubber wood. The logs must have a minimum of 24 inch diameter.
It must have minimum of 4 feet to 8 feet length. There must be no tapping mark,
bending, nails etc Logs having excess fiber should be rejected.
PURCHASE PROCEDURE:
TVS rubber is following a purchase procedure which is very systematic and scientific.
The main objective of this purchase procedure is to ensure all material to confirm to the specific
requirements.
The following are the various purchase procedure which are followed by TVS Rubber
Company.
1. Receipt of purchase requisition the purchasing function of rubco huat Pvt Ltd starts
from receiving purchase requisition. A purchase requisition is a form is used as a formal request
to the purchasing department to purchase materials. This form is prepared by the departmental
heads for special materials not stocked as regular items. It contains the details with ordering
number and specification if any, quantity of item and required date etc.
2. Inviting quotations the company calls tender for purchase of materials from approves
and provisional vendor. In responds to this tender the company gets the quotation from various
suppliers that they are ready to supply goods by specifying the quality and price.
7. Recommendation of invoice for the release of payment to the suppliers after proper
documentation by the purchase department the invoice and goods receiving notes are forwarded
to the financial department for arranging the payment. Usually the company makes the payment
to the supplier within one month.
Future Plan:
Work on development of new products and processes will be given more thrust
to ensure better value addition developing new process/evaluation of new machinery to improve
efficiently implementation of various systems in the factories validation of process requirements
and training employees to sustain the same will be given priority.