REVIEWER IN RPH:

(Poblete Report)

RAIA CALAMBU

 After a few days, Magellan was introduced to the King's brother who was also a King of
another island.
 The King was named Raia Calambu, the King of Zuluan and Calagan. So hi Rajah Calambu
an first Filipino king that Magellan met. And Pigafetta describe him as the most
handsome of all men that he saw in this place. He was adorned with silk and golden
accessories like golden dagger, which he carried with him in a wooden polished sheath.

MARCH 31, 1521

 So, on March 31, 1521 which is Easter Sunday that time. Magellan ordered the chaplain
to preside a mass by the shore. ( So inutusan ni Magellan an pari na magconduct hin
misa ha tabing dagat. And then an duha na King or Raja (Humabon and Siagu). nabatian
adto nira nga plano ni Magellan. So they sent two dead pigs and they attended the mass.
 So the first mass in the Philippines was held in Mazaua (Limasawa). It was on March 31
and it was attended by Magellan, Raja Calambu, Raja Siagu, Spanish voyagers and the
local islanders.
 After the mass, Magellan ordered the cross to be brought with nails and crown in place.
And he explained that the cross, the nail and the crown were the signs of his emperor
and that he was ordered to plant it in the places he would reach.
 So after the mass, Magellan's men raised the cross on the highest hill on the island.
 And he further explained that having the cross planted there is the sign of his emperor
or parang to formally declared that the island and the entire archipelago of the
Philippines as a possession of Spain. Kumbaga. an ibig sabihin ay nanggaling na hira didto
ngan dire hira manggugulo or mag wawage ng war ganon.

 So Magellan said that it would be beneficial for them, for their people kasi once the
Spaniards saw the cross, mababaro hira nga tikang na hira didto and would not cause
them troubles and any person who might be held captives by them would be released.
 .And then after that naman, in the following days, hi Magellan nag held hiya hin
conference to decide kun ano nat ira next nga bubuhaton.
  So while they were discussing, Magellan's officers urged him to head Southwest, tikadto
ha Molluccas. Pero hi Magellan dumire, instead he decided to press further into the
Philippines.
 So following day, nag sail na hira ano, they learned the islands of Ceylon (Leyte), Bohol
and Zubu (Cebu) and they intended to go there.
 So nabaro hira hadto nga tulo nga islands and plano nira nga kumadto. So Raja Calambu
offered to pilot them in going to Cebu. They sighted Cebu and made landfall the next
day. So on April 6, 1521 they sighted Cebu, natanaw na nira an Cebu but nakaulpot hira
didto, the next day na.

APRIL 7, 1521

 On April 7, 1521 Magellan and his men reached the port of Cebu, which is the largest
and richest of the islands with the help of Raja Calambu.
 Then pag ulpot nira ngadto, the king of cebu, which is Raja Humabon demanded that
they pay tribute as it was customary but Magellan refused.
 So nayakan an king na kailangan nira mag pay tribute as it was customary, kun baga
parang traditional na nga if may na visit ngadto hit ira country, kailangan mo mag pay
tribute like maghatag ka manla hin present or gift but Magellan refused. Kasi nayakan hi
Magellan nga I am the captain myself, so dire ko na kailangan pa mag pay tribute ngadto
hit iba na King.
 So an interpreter ni Magellan, gin explain nala niya ngadto kan Raja Humabon nga it King
ni Magellan is an emperor of a great empire and that it would be best, mas makabubuti
kun makigsangkay nala hiya haira (kanda Magellan) kaysa makipag-away pa. . Then after
that, the King consulted his council and then nagdecide hira to accept the friendship. . So
the next day, Magellan's men and the king of cebu together with the principle men of
cebu met in an open space.
 And the King offered a bit of his blood and demanded that Magellan do the same.
 So diba nag istorya hira Rajah Calambu and his council, and they decided to accept the
friendship wherein it ended to have a blood compact.
 So in the ancient ritual ha Philippines, blood compact is intended to seal a friendship or
to validate an agreement. So an blood compact was a symbolic ceremony of the
friendship between Magellan and the King of Cebu.

APRIL 14, 1521

 The people gathered with the King and other principle men of the island.
  Again, he also preached, Magellan preached Christianity to the natives. And he also
encouraged the King to be a good Christian by burning all the idols and worship the cross
instead.
 So on April 14, 1521 the king of cebu was baptized as Christians.
 So when the king was baptized, Magellan said that he would name him Don Charles
(Carlos) as the emperor his sovereign was named. So an ngaran han emperor ni
Magellan ay si King Charles. So when Raja Humabon was baptized, Magellan named him
after his emperor.
 And he named the Prince, Don Fernand (Fernando), after the brother's emperor. So an
prince liwat, Magellan named him after han bugto han emperor.
 The King of Mazzava as Jehan
 To the Moor naman he gave the name Christopher and to the others, each a name of his
fancy.
 After eight days, all of the islands inhabitants were already baptized. So na baptized na
tanan, and in total 2,200 local from Cebu and other nearby islands were converted.
 So the mass was conducted on the shore everyday.
 And when Queen Hara Amihan came to the mass one day, Magellan gave her an image
of the infant jesus made by Pigafetta himself.

APRIL 26, 1521

 On April 26, 1521 Zula, a principal man from the island of Mactan went to see Magellan
and asked for a boat full of men so that he would be able to fight the chief named
SiLapulapu (LapuLapu) . So hi Zula kumadto hiya kan Magellan para umaro hin bulig. He
said that mayda usa nga pinuno daw na it ngaran LapuLapu ngan nadire hiya pagsunod
ha Raja and ginhihikayat gihap hiya nga ayaw kuno pagsunod.
 So hi Zula kumadto hiya kan Magellan and he requested kun puydi hiya tagan hin usa
nga barko na puno hin mga tauhan ni Magellan to fight against LapuLapu. In response, an
ginhimo ni Magellan, imbis na usa la nga barko, nag offer hiya hin tulo. And Magellan
expressed his desire na kumadto ha Mactan to also fight the said chief, to also fight
LapuLapu.

APRIL 27, 1521

 Magellan's forces arrived in Mactan,

 So pag abot nira didto, they estimated that the islanders of Mactan nga nakadto was
around 1,500.
 There were already more than 1500 nga naghuhulat haira, and an iba didto nagtatago la.
There were 3 squads with 500 men each squad.
 While Magellan was walking towards them in the seashore of Mactan, an usa nga grupo
they were already attacking hira Magellan. And then the other 2 groups naman, umatake
hira didto han place nga waray kamalay malay an mga tauhan ni Magellan, kumbaga
nagsurprise attacked hira.
 So adto na pag atake was tikang ha left ngan ha right. So an ginhimo ni Magellan, he
divided his men into 2 groups. an 24 ha right, 24 gihap ha left.
 So yun nag start na an laban. And then pagkita ni Magellan nga wounded na an iya mga
kasamahan. He shouted. Magellan shouted not to fire but the attackers did not listen to
him.
 So waray tumuod haiya an mga natives, instead mas umatake pa hira. So they were
throwing arrows, javelins, spears. And then Magellan was pierced with a poisoned arrow
in his right leg.
 A few of their men charges at the natives, and tried to intimidate them by burning an
entire village but this only enraged the natives further. So didto han naganap na labanan,
gin iisip nira na kapag sinunog nira an mga balay han mga natives, magkakahadlok hira
but waray ito nanabo, instead mas nag isog pa lugod an mga natives and ginpanpatay pa
an iba nga mga tauhan ni Magellan.
 "On that account, he ordered us to a frontal assault but the men took to flight, except
10-15 of us who remained with the captain". So an sumunod, gin utos ni Magellan na
magmaka mayda frontal assault o pagsugod. But unfortunately for them, an iba nga
tauhan ni Magellan nagsitakas, umatras and there were only 15 left para lumaban. So no
choice hira kundi tapatan an napakadamo nga Filipino native.
 And dire la adto basta basta an mga tauhan ni Lapulapu. Most of them are seasoned
warriors, kaya nga hira an gintatawag han mga Espanyol before na mga "pintados" an
puro tattoo. And the more na damo tim tattoo, in the old filipino society it means that
you are a veteran of many wars. You are already experienced, damo na nim
pinagdaanan, sanay kana ha pakikipaglaban.
 So, natives aimed for his (Magellan) legs because they knew that the bodies were
protected with armors.
 Magellan was specifically targeted because the natives knew that he was the Captain.
  So an nangyari, hi Magellan, they were hoping na bubuligan hira an ira mga barko na
magpaputok an ira mga canyon pero since hirayo an distance han barko didto han
dalampasigan, waray masiyado naibulig an ira mga barko.
 So an iba nagsitakas nala. But unfortunately kan Magellan, nasamaran hiya and
nagkamayda hiya fatal wound nga na inflict haiya han mga natives.
 Magellan was hit with a lance in the face. Magellan retaliated and pierced the same
native with his lance in his breast and tried to draw his sword but could not lift if
because of his wounded arms. So Magellan still tried na lumaban but then because of his
wounded pierced the native arms waray gud hiya makakalaban hin tuhay.

 One native with a great sword delivered a blow in Magellan's left leg. brought him face
down and the natives ceaselessly attacked Magellan with lances, swords and even their
barehands. So pagkita han mga natives na injured na hi Magellan, didto ginburubligan
hiya han mga natives.
 Upon seeing yung nangyari, an mga kaupod ni Magellan nga nabilin, they decided to
flee. So tumakas na hira.
 So nabilin hi Magellan ha dalampasigan at yun na nga, Magellan died in the battle.

(So now the question is what happened? Ano ng nangyari didto han mga kasamahan ni
Magellan nga nabilin after han labanan?)

 They elected a new captain and it was Duarte Barbosa. And he was Ferdinand
Magellan's brother in law.
 So after han labanan, bumalik hira kan Raja Humabon and Raja Humabon invited them
for a feast. 24 men attended while Pigafetta was not able to joined because he was
nursing his battle wounds. . So gin imbita hira ni Raja Humabon but dire hira maaram na
it was just a trap. Pinatay hira an mga tauhan ni Humabon and an iba nakatakas.
 It was Henry, Magellan's slave and interpreter who betrayed them. So henry told the
King of Cebu that they intended to leave as quickly as possible.
 So hi Henry, he told the King of Cebu that if sundon han King an iya advice, the King
would acquire the ships and the goods of Magellan's fleet. So they conspired and
betrayed what was left of Magellan's fleet.

NOV. 8, 1521

 On Nov. 8, 1521 the remaining troops of Magellan arrived in Mollucas. And there were
only 2 boats left - Trinidad and Victoria.
  But the problem is, an Trinidad waray na hiya maayos na kondisyon, dire na maayos an
iya kondisyon ngan may butas na gihap.
 So nagdecide hira na mag split, magbulag. So igbibilin an Trinidad ngan an mga tauhan
nga nakadto for repairs. And then mabalik an Victoria ha Spain.
 Samantala an Trinidad after niya ma repair, they will use the route nagin agian nira
tikadto ha Pilipinas pabalik ha Spain. So meaning they will once again cross the Pacific
Ocean.
 But an Trinidad, was reported that it was caught by the Portuguese fleet, ngan an mga
tauhan nga nakadto ay kinulong. So an nabilin nala nga ship was an Victoria.

SEP. 6, 1522

 Victoria was able to return to Spain under the leadership of Sebastian Elcano. So
nakabalik hira ha Spain gamit an Victoria na ship.
 There were 18 survivors left in the ship Victoria. And a total of 35 was able to return to
Spain after they were released from being captured and imprisoned.
 So after a week, nagtikadamo an number of survivors upto 35 kasi an mga naging
captives didto han pagkakadakop haira han Portuguese, were released.
 So yun yung nangyari sa paglalakbay ni Magellan paikot sa mundo.
(Jaryn Report)
(Alta Report)

Analysis of Pigafetta's Chronicle

"The best storyteller is the one who not only knows the story but saw it."

 One of the most cited documents by historians who wished to study the precolonial
Philippines.
 One of the earliest written accounts.
 Pigafetta was seen as a credible source for a period, which was prior unchronicled and
undocumented.

Earliest detailed documentation

 It was believed that Pigafetta's writings account for the "purest" pre-colonial society.
 Pigafetta's work is a great importance in study and writing of Philippine history.
 We should have recognized certain biases accompanying the author and his identity,
loyalties, and the circumstances that he was in; and how it affected the text that he
produced.
 We need to understand that he was a chronicler commissioned by the King of Spain to
accompany and document a voyage intended to expand the Spanish empire. A noble
descent who came from a rich family in Italy.
 These attributes influenced his narrative, his selection of details to be included in the
text, his characterization of the people and of the species that he encountered, and his
interpretation and retelling of the events.
 Being a scholar of cartography and geography, Pigafetta was able to give details on
geography and climate of the places that their voyage has reached.
 Pigafetta's description to people was coming from sixteenth century European
perspective.
 Pigafetta regarded the indigenous belief systems and way of life as inferior to Christianity
and of the Europeans.
 He always remarks on the nakedness of the natives or how he was fascinated by their
exotic culture. He emphasized the native's amazement and illiteracy to the European
artillery, merchandise and
  He repeatedly mentioned the abundance of spices like ginger, and of precious metals
like gold. When they saw the indigenous attires of the natives, Pigafetta saw them as
being naked because from the European standpoint, they were wearing fewer clothes.
 Pigafetta's perspective was too narrow to realize that such attire was only appropriate to
the tropical climate of the islands.
 The same for the materials that the native used for their houses like palm and bamboo
that would let more air come through the house and compensate for the hot climate in
the islands.
 We should understand that such observations were rooted from the context of Pigafetta
and his era.

Europe

 Dominated by the Holy Roman Empire.

 Loyalty and purpose was the domination of the Catholic Church all over the world. Other
belief systems different from that of Christianity were perceived to be blasphemous and
barbaric, even demonic.
 Sixteen century European economy was mercantilist (system measures the wealth of
kingdom based on their accumulation of bullions or precious metals like gold and silver.
 That's why Pigafetta always mention the abundance of gold in the islands as shown in his
description of leaders wearing gold rings and golden daggers, and of the goldmines.
 An empire like Spain would indeed search for new lands where they could acquire more
gold and wealth to be on top of all the European nations. The obsession with spices
might be odd for Filipinos because of its ordinariness in the Philippines, but
understanding the context would reveal that spices were scarce in Europe.

(Tresene Report)

The KKK and the" Kartilla ng Katipunan"

Ang Katipunan

 The rise of Filipino nation had rooted by the perpetuating poverty and Injustice among
the lower classes of society in the Philippines during Spanish Era.
 Spain enabled the native Filipinos to get used to the idea of having and living under one
supreme government established in Manila whose authority extended throughout the
length and breadth of the archipelago.
  On July 7, 1892 a day after Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities, Bonifacio and a
handful of trusted friends met in the house Deodato Arellano on Azcarraga St. (Now C.M.
Recto Ave.) In Tondo Manila.
 There they decided to form a secret society called KATAASTAASAN, KAGALANG
GALANGANG KATIPUNAN NG MGA ANAK NG BAYAN.
 It came to be known by its KKK initials or shortened by name KATIPUNAN.
 Aim "Win Philippine Independence from Spain by means of revolution."
 The Katipunan organization was largely patterned after that of La Liga Filipina of which
Bonifacio had been a leading member.
 Supreme council (kataastaasang Sanggunian) the highest body of the Katipunan. Each
province was to have a Provincial Council (Sangguniang Bayan) while each town was to
be under by a Municipal Councilor (Sangguniang Baranggay).

The first set of officers of Katipunan Supreme Council

 President/ Supremo: Deodato Arellano

 Comptroller: Andres Bonifacio
 Fiseal: Ladislao Diwa
 Treasurer: Valentine Diaz
 Secretary: Teodoro Plata

Leading personalities of the Katipunan

 ANDRES BONIFACIO
 History Honors him as the Father of the Katipunan.
 He wasn't able to finish study but read a lot of books during his freetime in the evening.
 French revolution
 Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
 The Propaganda Newspaper of La Solidaridad

Leading personalities of the Katipunan

 EMILIO JACINTO
 Known as the Brain of the Katipunan
 The right hand man of Bonifacio
 Wrote "Kartilya" a word adopted from the spanish term "cartilla" which was a primer
that time for grade school student.
  (Former president Rafael Palma a revolutionary patriot noted that Apolinario Mabini
wrote the Original statutes of the Katipunan's Kartilya and Emilio Jacinto translated it
into Tagalog)

The Kartilya ng Katipunan consisted of thirteen teachings which the members of the society
were expected to observe. The primer constituted the following:

I. Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause is like a tree without a shadow, if not
a poisonous weed

II.A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not from a desire to do good is
not kindness.

III. True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving one's fellowmen and in adjusting very
movement, deed and word to true reason.

IV. All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be superior to
another in knowledge wealth, and beauty, but cannot be superior in being.

V. The who is noble prefers honor to personal gains, he who is mean prefers personal profit
to honor.

VI. To a man with a sense of shame his word is in violate.

VII. Don't fritter away time; lost riches maybe recovered but time lost will never come again.

VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

IX. An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how to keep the secrets that
must be guarded

X.In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and children if he who guides moves
toward evil, they who are guided likewise move toward evil.

XI. Think not of woman as a thing merely to while away time with, but as a helper and partner
in the hardships of life. Respect her in her weakness and remember the mother who brought
you into this world and who cared for you in your childhood

XII. What you do not want done in your wife daughter and sister, do not do to the wife
daughter and sister of another.
XIII. Man is not worth more because he is a King, because his nose is aquiline and his color
white, not because he is a priest, a servant of God, nor because of the thing prerogative hat he
enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who does
good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he who does not oppress nor consent to being
oppressed, he who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be bom in the wildemess and
know no tongue but his own.

 Bonifacio write a decalogue or ten commandments intitled Katungkulang gagawin ng

mga Anak ng Bayan (duties to be observed by the sons of the country)
 The document in manuscripts still exist.

 The rules include the love of God, love of the country and one's fellowmen; diligence in
work, sharing of one's means w/ the poor; punishment of scoundrels and traitors and the
guarding of the mandates and aims of KKK.
 Bonifacio and the other KKK officials realized that exposure meant arrest & death.
 So to minimize discovery, they created a "triangle system" of recruiting new members.

Classes of Members in Katipunan

 KATIPUN-password: Anak ng bayan (son of the people.)

 KAWAL (soldier)- password: GO-BUR-ZA
 BAYANI (PATRIOT)- PASSWORD: RIZAL
 Members of the Katipunan way opened to the women
 They served as the fonts to deceive the spanish authorities.
 They also carried the secret documents of the katipunan.
 Among the prominent Katipuneras were Gregoria de Jesus, Bonifacio's wife; Josefa and
Trinidad, Rizal's sisters and Marina Dizon.

Jose Rizal and the Katipunan

 Rizal was never become involved in the organization and activities of the Katipunan; but
the Katipuneros still looked up to him as a leader.
 At June 1896 he sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to seek Rizal's advice on the planned
revolution.
 He recommended Antonio Luna as a Commander of it's armed forces.
 In June 26 1896, Valenzuela return to Manila to relay Rizal's advice to Bonifacio.

The Katipunan is Discovered

  On August 1896 a KKK member, Teodoro Patiño told his sister Honoria about the
existence of Katipunan. Patrio was a worker in the printing pres of Diario de Manila.
 They seek the advice of Father Mariano Gil, but the accompanied by several guardia civils
immediately search the premises of Diario de manila and found evidence of the
Katipunan existence.

Cry of Pugad Lawin

 Katipunan gathered in the House of Juan Ramos in Pugad Lawin on August 23, 1896.
 Ramos was the son of Melchora Aquino (Tandang Sora) and was later known as
"Mother of Katipunan"
 Bonifacio asked his men wether they were willing to fight to the bitter end then he asked
them to tear their Cedulas as a sign of defiance and determination to rise against
Spaniards.
 Men shouted "Mabuhay ang Pilipinas" (long live the Philippines) or the cry of
Pugadlawin.

Revolution Continues

 Bonifacio died but it didn't deter the Filipinos from fighting for their Freedom.
 When Governor General Primo de Rivera replaced Camilo Palavieja on April 27, 1897 he
marched to Naic, Cavite to persuade the Filipinos to Surrender.
 Aguinaldo realized that Cavite was no longer safe for his men. They moved to Talisay
Batangas to temporarily set up a camp.
 Finally, they retreated to Morong on June 10, 1897 and proceeded to Biak na Bato in
Bulacan.
(Tupaz Report)

Analysis of "Kartilya ng Katipunan

EMILIO JACINTO Y DIZON

 was born in Manila on December 15, 1875. He is the only son of Mariano Jacinto and
Josefa Dizon. His wife is Catalina de Jesus.
 Emilio received a good education, and was fluent in both Tagalog and Spanish.
 The author of Kartilya ng Katipunan and was known as "Utak ng Katipunan".
 He became the secretary of Andres Bonifacio and advisor on Financial matters.
 He's also a writer. He wrote the official newspaper of Katipunan. The title is the
"Kalayaan" which he uses his pen name 'Dimasilaw, and used the alias Pingkian' in the
Katipunan.
 Despite his young age of just 21, Jacinto became a general in the group's guerrilla army.
Although he survived this wound, the young revolutionary would not live for much
longer. He died on April 16, 1899, of malaria.
 Kartilya ng Katipunan was primarily written by Andres Bonifacio. Emilio Jacinto later
made revisions creating a new rulebook known as Decalogue. It served as a guidebook
for newcomers those people who are willing to join the group.
 The original version has 14 paragraphs that contains the values that a Katipunero should
have. Each paragraph is unique in such a way that they tackle different aspects of a
person's life. In which case, anyone may have different interpretation.
 Hence, it is only appropriate to have a better understanding or explanation to its
contents.

1. The first tenet highlights the importance of living a purpose-driven life. A Katipunero who
does not have a purpose lives a useless life.

2. The second rule is all about doing the right thing. A deed carried out for the sake of fame is
not worthy of praise.

3. The third tenet shows what kindness really means. True act of kindness for a Katipunero is
in the love and service he renders to other people and not the other way around.

4. The fourth tenet highlights equality. Every Katipuneros are treated equally no matter what.
race educational or I background he has.

5. The fifth shows what honor should mean for a true Katipunero. A true Katipunero values
honor more than his personal interest.
6. The sixth tenet is all about being a man of word. A Katipunero who has a sense of shame
must be a man of his word.

7. The seventh rule gives importance to time. A Katipunero must give importance to time. For
the Katipunan, a time that is lost will never be back.

8. The eighth tenet is all about fighting for what is right. A Katipunero must protect the weak
and fight those who oppress the weak.

9. The ninth tenet highlights the importance trust. A Katipunero is careful with what he says
and keeps the things that must be kept secret.

10. The tenth principle is all about being able to lead a family. A Katipunero must lead his
family to the right path. If the leader is consumed by evil, so does his followers.

11. The eleventh principle is all about women. A Katipunero must give importance to a
woman. He must not see her as an object, nor as a past time. The whenever a Katipunero sees
as a woman, he will remember his mother who nurtured him.

12. The twelveth principle gives importance to every actions that one has to make. A
Katipunero must not do the things that he does not want to be done to him or to his family.

13. The thirteenth principle is about having the right character. A Katipunero's life is not
measured by what is his status in life nor with the things that he possesses. Instead, it is in his
character and his love for the native land.

14. The last tenet, shows a glimpse of what the author desire. It shows the sense of
hopefulness for the motherland and that all the sacrifices made is not all for nought.

And while we have different interpretation with what was intended by Bonifacio, there
is one thing that everyone can agree on: Kartilya ng Katipunan was meant to guide us in living
our everyday life its fullest. More importantly, it highlights the importance of having the
right attitude towards other people.

The (Real) Kartilya of the Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto (And Musings on the Revolution and
Republic)

 The Kartilya comprises thirteen lessons that detail not only the vision of the Katipunan,
but the vision for a egalitarian and morally sound Filipino nation.
  For the Katipunan leadership, such as Emilio Jacinto, the ideas of Right and Light,
Katwiran and Kaliwanagan, were of utmost importance. They saw themselves as not only
as inheritors of the Age of Enlightenment, but intellectual and moral revolutionaries
fighting to create and define a nation and culture that was post-Enlightenment, that was
no longer shackled by the ideological and colonial restraints of the West, but a country
that adopted and merged the best of Spain, the United States, France, and our own
unique culture and society, in support of being Filipino.

I. A life that is not consecrated to a large and holy greatness is a tree without shade, if not a
poisonous weed.

II. Good work that comes from selfish desires and not from a true desire for excellence is not
kindness.

III. Real piety is hard work and love for fellowmen, and measuring each action, labor and
speech by true Reason.

IV. Whether one's skin be black or white, all people are equal; it may be that each. is superior in
knowledge, wealth, beauty but there is no superiority in human dignity.

V. One who has a high inner spirit, puts honor, goodness and virtue before self-interest, one
who has a lowly inner spirit puts self-interest before honor, goodness and virtue.

VI. To the person with shame, his or her word is sacred.

VII. Do not waste time: wealth can be lost and recovered; but time that already passes will not
pass again.

VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

IX. The intelligent person is one who is careful in all that he or she says; and learns to keep
secret that which should deb kept in confidence.

X. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and of children; if the guide leaded to
evil, the destiny of those being led is also evil.

XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a partner and sympathetic
companion in the hardships of this life; in your strength, consider her weakness, and remember
the mother who birthed thee and reared thee.

XII. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, and siblings, do not do unto the
wife, children, and siblings of others.
XIII. The e value of a person is not in being sovereign, not in an aquiline nose or in a white face,
it is not in the priestly SUBSTITUTE FOR GOD, nor is it in the high station one has in life. Pure
and truly highly esteemed, beloved and noble is the person even if or she was raised in the
forest and speaks nothing but his or her own language; who has beautiful behavior, and only
one sentence (which is) honor and virtue; who does not oppress others or allow one's self to
beboppressed; who knows how to be sensitive and knows how to cherish the land of his birth.
Considering the Katipunan, the Revolution, and the Path of Reason.

(Cabidog Report)

ANALYSIS OF "KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN"

 The Kartilya was the moral and intellectual foundation used to guide the actions of
Katipuneros. Upon joining the Katipunan, members were KATIRTINAN required to read
the Kartilya and adhere to its code of conduct.

THE KATIPUNAN CODE OF CONDUCT

1. The life that is not conse I to a lofty and reasonable purpose is a tree without a shade, if not
a poisonous weed.

2. To do good for personal gain and not for its own sake is not virtue.

3. It is rational to be charitable and love one's fellow creature, and to adjust one's conduct, acts
and words to what is in itself reasonable.

4. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth
and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority by nature.

5. The honorable man prefers honor to personal gain; the scoundrel, gain to honor.

6. To the honorable man, his word is sacred.

7. Do not waste thy time: wealth can be recovered but not time lost.

8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field.

10. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman and the children, and if the guide
leads to the precipice, those whom he guides will also go there.

11. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will
share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase thy interest in her
and she will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared thee.

12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, children, brothers and sisters, that do not
unto the wife, children, brothers and sisters of thy neighbor.

13. Man is not worth more because he is a king, because his nose is aquiline, and his color
white, not because he is a *priest, a servant of God, nor because of the high prerogative that
he enjoys upon earth, but he is worth most who is a man of proven and real value, who does
good, keeps his words, is worthy and honest; he who does not oppress nor consent to being
oppressed, he who loves and cherishes his fatherland, though he be born in the wilderness and
know no tongue but his own.

14. When these rules of conduct shall be known to all, the longed-for sun of Liberty shall rise
brilliant over this most unhappy portion of the globe and its rays shall diffuse everlasting joy
among the confederated brethren of the same rays, the lives of those who have gone before,
the fatigues and the well-paid sufferings will remain. If he who desires to enter (the Katipunan)
has informed himself of all this and believes he will be able to perform what will be his duties,
he may fill out the application for admission.
  They built on the ideological and political foundation constructed by men and women
who sacrificed much for their dreams of independence. They were not an organization
that sprung fully formed from among the masa, nor were they an organization that
operated independently of contemporaries and predecessors.

( Atenta Report)

Reasons why the Philippine Spanish Revolution starts

 Friars abuse their power

Government form "frailocracy" over the rule of the friars.

 Cruelness of Civil guards and Unlawful shooting of prisoners

 Execution of the three priests (GOMBURZA)
 The execution of DR. Jose Rizal on December 30, 1896
  Agrarian in nature

Declaration of Philippine Independence

 June 12, 1898

 4:00-5:00pm
 Cavite el Viejo
 Emilio Aguinaldo residence.
 Philippine flag officially hoisted
 Marcha National Filipina
 Established the dictatorial government Signed by ninety-eight person including

american army officers

 End of 333 years of Spanish colonialization

The Philippine National Flag

Designed based on the flag of...

 Puerto Rico
 Cuba
 Texas

Color based on the flag of...

Red and blue

 United States of America

White

 Emblem of Katipunan

Three stars

 Luzon
 Mindanao
 Panay

8 Rays of the sun

  Manila
 Cavite
 Pampanga
 Bulacan
 Nueva ecija
 Bataan
 Laguna
 Batangas

The Philippine revolution started in August 1896

March 22,1897

 convention was held in Tejeros.

Andres Bonifacio

 The Father of Philippine Revolution.

 Elected as secretary of interior.
 On May 10, 1987 he got executed by firing squad.

Emilio Aguinaldo

 The First President of the Philippine republic

Apolinario Mabini

 The first legal and constitutional adviser of Philippine revolutionary government.

Marcila Agoncilo

 The mother of Philippine flag.

Julian Felipe

 Filipino composer of the Philippine national anthem.

Jose Palma

 Filipino poet and soldier who wrote the Spanish poem Filipinas.
( Cahayag Report)

Proclamation of Philippine Independence

 The most significant achievement of Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government was the

proclamation of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12, 1898.
 The day was declared a national holiday..
 Thousands of people from the provinces gathered in Kawit to witness the historic event.
 The ceremony was solemnly held at the balcony of General Emilio Aguinaldo's residence.
The military and civil officials of the government were in attendance.
 A dramatic feature of the ceremony was the formal unfurling of the Filipino flag amidst
the cheers of the people. At the same time, the Philippine National Anthem was played
by the band.
 Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista solemnly read the "Act of the Declaration of Independence"
which he himself wrote. The declaration was signed by 98 persons. One of the signers
was an American, L.M. Johnson, Colonel of Artillery.
(Canciller Report)

A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred Mc Coy's Philippine Cartoons:

Political Caricature of the American Era(1900-194)

What is a Caricature?

 A caricature is a rendered image showing the features of its subject in a simplified or

exaggerated way through sketching, pencil strokes, or through other artistic drawings
(compare to: cartoon). Caricatures can be insulting or complimentary and can serve a
political purpose or be drawn solely for entertainment. Caricatures of politicians are
commonly used in editorial.

Examples of Caricatures

 A New Wrinkle in the Art of Thieving

 The Calamity of the Moment

Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941)

Alfred Mc Coy

 A professor of History at the University of Wisconsin Madison, where he also served as

Director of Center for Southeast Asian Studies.
 Specialized in Philippine Political History and Global Opium Traffickng
 Majority of his works and research focuses on Philippines
 Author of the Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia, Philippine Cartoon
Alfredo Roces

 Artist writer from the known Roces Clan in Philippine print media.
 Co-author of Political Caricature of American Era
 Known journalist in Manila Times

The Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy's Philippine Cartoons

1. Public Post is not a heriditary crown

2. War against Speculator

3. Colorum

4. Cinema

5. Uncle Sam Riding a Chariot

6. El Turno Los Partidos

(Cayanes Report)

CORAZON AQUINO

Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco Aquino. popularly known as Cory Aquino, was born on
January 25, 1933 in Tarlac Province, North of Manila. She belonged to a wealthy and politically
prominent family.

She was the 11 president of the Philippines, from 1986-1992, becoming the first woman to
hold that office. Restoring democratic rule in that country after the long dictatorship of
Ferdinand Marcus.

On September 18, 1986, Corazon Aquino, recently elected President of the Philippines, until
1992. She became the center of anti- Marcos politics in the Philippines a movement known as "
People Power".

Her presidential term lasted for six years starting from February 25, 1986 until June 30, 1993.

On August 1, 2005, at the age of 76, she died as she was diagnose with colon cancer in the
year 2008.

BACKGROUND OF THE WRITER

MR. TEODORO LOCSIN JR. is a Filipino politician, diplomat, lawyer, and former journalist who
served as congressman for the 1st District of Makati from 2001 to 2010 and later served as
Philippine Ambassador to the United Nations from 2017 to 2018, He was the secretary and
speechwriter of Cory Aquino speech

HISTOROCAL BACKGROUND OF THE DOCUMENT

When former President Corazon Aquino spoke before a joint session of the United States
Congress in September 18 of 1986, the dust was only beginning to settle. It was her first visit to
America since the dictator Ferdinand Marcos has been deposed in February of the same year,
and the Philippines was reckoning with everything his administration had inflicted. That
included $26 billion in total foreign debt, and the communist insurgency that grew,
throughout the Marcos era, from 500 armed guerillas to 16,000. We were just at the start of a
long road to recovery. So Aquino lodge an appeal for help. Addressing the House, she delivered
a historic speech that managed to sway in our favor the vote for an emergency $200- million
aid appropriation.

The speech was impassioned, deeply personal, and effective; interrupted 11 times by applause
and bookended with standing ovations.

 House Speaker Tip O'Neil called it the "finest speech I've ever heard in my 34 years in
Congress.
 Senate Majority Leader Robert Dale told her, "Cory, you hit a home run"
 House Minority Whip Trent Lott said, "Let's just say the emotion saved the day."

It would go down in the annals of our history as one of the former 9 finest speech.
(Dagami Report)

Multiperspectivity

 Sometimes, It is Polyperspectivity is a characteristic of narration or representation,

where more than one perspective is represented to the audience.
 As anapproach in history,we must understand that historical interpretations contain
discrepancies,contradiction,ambiguities, and are often the focus of dissent.
 This can be defined as a way of looking of historical events, personalities, development
cultures, and societies from different perspective.
 This means that there is multitude of ways by which we can view ,and each equally
valid,and at the same time ,equally partial as well.
 Historical Writings is by definition,biased,partial, and contains preconceptions.

These are just many ways a historian may fail in his historical inference, description, and
interpretation.

 Historians may misinterpret evidence,attending to those that suggest that certain event
happened and then ignore the rest that goes against the evidence.
 Historians may omit significant facts about their subjects, which make interpretation
unbalanced.
 Historian may impose a certain ideology to their subject, which not be appropriate to the
period the subject was from.
 Historians may also provide a single cause for an event without considering other
possible casual explanations of said event.

Multiple Perspective
 Exploring multiple perspective in history requires incorporating source materials that
reflect different views of event in history, because singular historical narratives do not
provide for space for inquiries and investigate.
 Different kinds of sources also provide different historical truths an official document
may not different aspects of the past than, say a memoir of an ordinary person on the
same event.
 Different historical agents create different historical truths,and while this may be a
burdensome work for the historian,it also renders more validity to the historical
scholarship.