Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anatomy of The Male and Female Reproductive System: Week 2B (PPT & Rec. Lec.)
Anatomy of The Male and Female Reproductive System: Week 2B (PPT & Rec. Lec.)
GYNECOMASTIA
● AMPULLA
○ Portion of the duct just posterior to the
nipples serves as reservoir for milk before ● Increase in male breast size
breastfeeding. ● Most evident in obese boys
● Normal change of puberty
TESTES
● Two ovoid glands, 2 to 3 cm wide that lie in the
scrotum (walnut size) Each testis is encased by a
protective white fibrous capsule and is composed
SCROTUM
of a number of lobules, each lobule containing
● loose pouch-like sac of skin that hangs behind the
penis interstitial cells (Leydig’s Cell) and seminiferous
● rugated, skin covered muscular pouch suspended tubules.
from the perineum ● Surrounded by 2 tunics:
● contains testes, epididymis, and the lower portion ○ Tunica vaginalis
of the spermatic cord ■ Derived from the parietal
○ Contains male gonads (testes) peritoneum.
● help regulate the temperature of sperm through ○ Tunica albuginea
contraction and relaxation and moving closer to ○ Feel smooth and are freely movable within
and further away from the perineum the scrotum.
● the looseness of the scrotum is intentional to ○ In most males, one testis is slightly larger
provide expansion and contraction than the other and is suspended slightly
● lowers T by 3C lower in the scrotum than the other
(usually the left one) for less possibility of
trauma to them
○ Spermatozoa do not survive at the body
temperature
○ It is suspended outside the body where the
temperature is approximately 1 F lower
than the body temperature and sperm
Cool Temperature survival is ensured
● Scrotum contracts and draws the testes closer to ○
the body for warmth.
Warm Temperature
● Scrotum becomes very loose and allow the testes
to hand further away from the near of the body.
High temperature can cause delicate sperm cell to
die.
SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
LEYDIG’s CELL
Responsible for producing of the male hormone
testosterone
PENIS
● Tubular structure located above the scrotum,
composed of shaft and glans. ● Aspermia – absence of sperm
● Half of it is an internal root and half is the external ● Oligospermia – less than 20 million per mL
visible shaft. ● These are problems that do not appear to respond
● Three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue in the immediately to therapy but rather only after 2
shaft: Corpus Cavernosa, corpus spongiosum). The months
urethra passes through these 3 layers
● Soft and flaccid (2.5 to 4 inches).
● Erection- blood vessels in the shaft become
congested, penis become hard and erect (5.5 to 7
inches) VAS DEFERENS (DUCTUS VENOSUS)
→ shaft ● hollow tube surrounded by arteries and veins,
→ glans penis: bulging, sensitive ridge of protected by thick, fibrous coating. It carries
tissue sperm from epididymis through the inguinal canal
→ foreskin: retractable casing of the skin into the abdominal cavity where it ends at the
→ urethral meatus: slit-like opening seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts.
EPIDIDYMIS ● Sperm mature as they passed through the vas
● seminiferous tubule of each testis leads to a tightly deferens
coiled tube, the EPIDIDYMIS – responsible for ● ejaculatory ducts – these are formed by the fusion
conducting sperm from the tube to the vas of vas deference and seminal vesicle
deferens, the next step in the passage to the ● the ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra
outside ● It is about 40cm long
● Approximately 20 ft long ● The vas deferens serves a transport function and
● some sperm are stored in epididymis, and a the area of the ampulla serves as a storage
portion of the alkaline fluid that will surround the reservoir of sperm for release at ejaculation.
sperm at maturity (semen, - contains basic sugar ● Sperm mature as they passed through the vas
and mucin? is produced by the cells lining the deferens
epididymis ● It is believed that the vas deferens acts as reservoir
● Sperm are immobile and incapable of fertilization for sperm between ejaculation
as they passed or are stored at the epididymis level
● It takes 12-20 days to travel the length of the
epididymis
● A total of 64 days to reach maturity
● Site of sperm maturation and storage
● Responsible for conducting sperm from the testis
to the vas deferens
● Contains smooth muscle to propel sperm during
ejaculation
PROSTATE GLAND
● a chest-nut size gland that lies just below the
bladder, the urethra passes through the center of
it, like the whole donut. it secretes a thin, alkaline
fluid.
● When added to the secretion from the seminal
vesicles and the accompanying sperm from the
SEMINAL VESICLES
● 2 convoluted pouches that lie along the lower
portion of posterior surface of the bladder and
empty into the urethra by way of ejaculatory ducts
● Secrete seminal fluid
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS ● Sperm become increasingly motile because of
• 2 bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland lie beside the viscous portion of the semen secreted by these
prostate gland and by short ducts empty into the glands which serves as nutrients and more
urethra favorable pH)
● Secrete an alkaline fluid that helps counteract the
acid secretions of the urethra and ensure the
passage of spermatozoa
● Produce small droplets of fluid during sexual
activity that neutralizes the acidity of the male
urethra and aid in the transport of sperm
● 5% semen
● Bulbourethral Glands
○ 2 bulbourethral or Cowper’s gland lie
beside the prostate gland and by short
ducts empty into the urethra
● Secrete an alkaline fluid that helps counteract the
acid secretions of the urethra and ensure the
passage of spermatozoa
● Produce small droplets of fluid during sexual
activity that neutralizes the acidity of the male
urethra and aid in the transport of sperm
● 5% semen