1. Calculate Ka for the following reaction given that at equilibrium, pH=2.93 .

Initial
concentration C6H5COOH is 0.15M.
C6H5COOH (aq) + H2O (l) C6H5COO-(aq) + H+(aq) (6mks)

SOLUTION

Ka = ¿ ¿

C6H5COOH (aq) + H2O (l) C6H5COO-(aq) + H+(aq)

Initial (m) 0.15 0 0

Change -x +x +x

Equilibrium 0.15 – x x x

x2
Ka =
0.15−x
Since PH = -log H+

2.93 = -log H

Taking antilog,

H= antilog -2.95

H = 0.00175m

(0.00175)2
Ka =
(0.15−0.00175)

Ka = 9.31 x 10 -6

2. The [Ag+] of a solution is 4 x10-3mole/L. Calculate the [Cl-] that must be exceeded
before AgCl can precipitate. The solubility product of AgCl at 250C is 1.8 x 10-10.
(4mks)

Solution

dissolution
AgCl(S) Ag Cl(aq) + Cl- (aq)
Precipitation
Ksp = [Ag+(aq)][Cl-(aq) ] u Ksp = x2
10
Ksp = 1.8 x 10
Ag+ = 4 x 10-3 mole/l
Cl- = ?
Let cl - = x
 1.8 x 10 10 = (4 x 10-3)(x)
1.8 x 102
X=
4 x 10−3
= 4.5 x 10-3
For AgCl to precipitate, Kp = x2
1.8 x 10-10 = x2
x = 1.34 x 10-5
thus [Cl-] = (1.34 x10-5 – 4.5 x 10-8)
= 1.34 x 10 -5
3. For the reaction H2(g) + CO2(g) H2O(g) + CO(g) at 7000C , Kc=0.534 . Calculate the
number of moles of H2O formed at equilibrium if 0.300moles of H 2 and 0.300moles of
CO2 are heated
to 7000C in a 10.0L container. (10mks)

solution

calculating the molarity of CO and H2O

0.300 Mol
[CO] = = 0.03m
10.0 l

0.300 Mol
[H2O] = = 0.03m
10.0 l

Tabulating the canges in concentration,

[H2] [CO2] [H2O] [CO]

Initial 0 0 0.03 0.03

Change +x +x -x -x

Equilibrium x x 0.03 - x 0.03 – x

Obtaining the value of x by equating the equilibrium concentration expression to Kc = 0.534

(0.03−x)(0.03−x)
0.534 =
x2

0.534 = ¿ ¿

√ 0.534=√ ¿ ¿¿
0.03
√ 0.534= −1
X
 0.03
√ 0.534+1=
X

0.03
X=
√ 0.534+1
X = 0.0173

At equilibrium, x = 0.0173

Thus concentration of H2O = 0.03 – X

(0.03 – 0.0173) =

H2O = 0.0127m

4. Will a precipitate form when 0.050L of 2.0 x 10-2 M NaF is mixed with 0.010L of
1.0 x 10-2 M Ca(NO3)2? Ksp of CaF2 = 3.9 x 10-11
(10mks)

CaF2 (s) Ca2+ (aq)+ 2F- (aq)

Ks of CaF2 = 3.9 x 10 -11

Ksp = [Ca2+][F-]2 = 3.9 X 10-11

2.0 x 10−2 m
Molarity = = 0.4m
0.05

1.0 x 102
Ca(NO3)2 = = 1m
0.01

CaF2 (s) Ca2+ (aq)+ 2F- (aq)

Initial 1 0

Change +x +2x
Equilibrium (1 + x) 2x

Ksp = (1 + x) (2x)2
3.9 x 10-11 = 8x2
X = 5.46 X 10-3
 CaF2 (s) Ca2+ (aq)+ 2F- (aq)

Initial 0 0+

Change ½x x
Equilibrium ½x (x + 0.1)

3.96 x 10-11 = [Ca2+][F-]2

3.9 X 10-11 = (0.01)2
x = 3.9 x 10-7 m
PRODUCT
Q= = product = [Ca2+][F-]2
REACTANT
[5.4 X 10-2][5.57 X 10-11]
3 x 10-13

using number line

This indicates that since Q is less than kp, then No precipitate is formed.