Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
www.batstate-u.edu.ph Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118

MECHANICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

LABORATORY REPORT NO. 1

I. THERMOCHEMISTRY (BY OLABS)

(A) Determination of Water Equivalent of Calorimeter

OBJECTIVES:

To determine the water equivalent of calorimeter that can be used to determine the
enthalpy of dissolution of salt.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

 Calorimeter
 Wooden box with lid
 Stirrer  
 Thermometer  
 Distilled water
 Cotton  
 250 ml beakers
 Hot plate
 Measuring jar    

REAL LAB PROCEDURE:

 Using a measuring jar, take 50 ml of distilled water in the calorimeter.

 Using a thermometer, measure the temperature of water in the calorimeter. Let it be
t1 °C.
 Place the calorimeter in the wooden box and fill cotton in the space between the
calorimeter and the wooden box to avoid heat loss.
 Now insert a stirrer in the calorimeter.
 Using the measuring jar, pour 50 ml of distilled water in a beaker.
  Heat water in the beaker to a temperature 10-20 °C (~47 °C) higher than that of room
temperature.
 Stop heating and note the temperature of this warm water. Let it be t2 °C.
 Add the warm water into the calorimeter without any loss of time.
 Immediately close the wooden box.
 Quickly insert the thermometer into the calorimeter.
 Now, stir the water using the stirrer and note the thermometer reading.
 Continue stirring until the temperature becomes constant. Let it be t3 °C.

OBSERVATIONS:

1. Upon measuring it is found that the temperature of the hot water is 47°C and the cold
water measures 27°C.

2. The mass of water taken in the calorimeter is 50g for both hot and cold water while
assuming the specific density is 1.

CALCULATIONS:

Given:

Mass of hot water (m1) = 50 ml = 50g

Mass of hot water (m2) = 50 ml = 50g
Temperature of cold water (t1) = 27°C
Temperature of hot water (t2) = 47°C
Temperature after mixing (t3) = 36°C

Solution

m 1 (t 2 −t 3 )
Water equivalent of calorimeter ( W )= −m 2
(t 3 −t 1 )

50 g(47 ° C−36 ° C)
W= −50 g
(36 ° C−27 ° C )

W =11.11 g

CONCLUSIONS:

After placing the hot water which temperature measures 47°C and cold water which has a
temperature of 27°C in the calorimeter where it will be mixed, its temperature will then settle in
between the original temperature of the two water which will now measures 36°C. It is because
the water is not the only thing that absorbs heat but also the vessel or the calorimeter.
 The water equivalent of calorimeter which is defined as the mass of water that will
absorb or lose as same quantity of heat as the substance for the same change in temperature. As
the hot and cold water were mixed in the vessel the water equivalent of water will be equal to
11.11g. To simplify, water equivalent of calorimeter means if the calorimeter (vessel) had also
been made of water we can get the mass of substance after its temperature changes.

(B) Determination of Enthalpy of Dissolution of Salt in Water at Room Temperature

OBJECTIVES:

To determine or calculate the enthalpy of dissolution of salt in water at room temperature

with the help of the value of water equivalent of calorimeter.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

 Calorimeter
 Wooden box with lid
 Stirrer  
 Thermometer  
 Distilled water
 Cotton  
 Measuring jar
 Sample
 Ammonium chloride

REAL LAB PROCEDURE:

 Using the measuring jar, take 50 ml of distilled water in the calorimeter.

 Note the temperature of water using the thermometer. Let it be t1 °C.
 Place the calorimeter in the wooden box and fill cotton in the space between the
calorimeter and the wooden box to avoid heat loss.
 Insert a stirrer in the calorimeter.
 Add 5 g of ammonium chloride into the calorimeter.
 Immediately close the wooden box.
 Quickly insert the thermometer into the calorimeter.
 Now stir the water using the stirrer and note the thermometer reading.
 Continue stirring until the temperature becomes constant. Let it be t2 °C.
 At this temperature, the substance just dissolves.

OBSERVATIONS:
 1. The weight of the sample which is Ammonium Chloride that will be dissolve together
with the water in the calorimeter is 4.5g.

2. The mass of the water that will be taken in the calorimeter is 50 g which initially has a
temperature of 27°C.

3. The final temperature of the water when mixed with Ammonium Chloride in the
calorimeter is drops to 22°C.

CALCULATIONS:

Given:
Water Equivalent of Calorimeter (W) = 11.11 g
Weight of the sample (w) = 5 g
Mass of the water = 50ml = 50g
g
Molar Mass of the Substance = 53.49 (Ammonium Chloride)
mol
T1 = 27°C
T2 = 22°C
Solution:

J
(W + Mass of Water) ×( t 1−t 2)×(4.2 )(M )
g·C
Enthalpy of Dissolution=
w

J g
(11.11 g+ 50 g)×(27° C−22 ° C)×(4.2 )(53.49 )
g·C mol
Enthalpy of Dissolution=
5g

J
Enthalpy of Dissolution=13728.85
mol

kJ
Enthalpy of Dissolution=13.73
mol

CONCLUSIONS:

Enthalpy of dissolution is the change associated with the dissolution of a substance in

a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution. The water at room temperature which
initially measures 27°C is placed in the calorimeter together with 4.5 g of Ammonium Chloride.
After they were placed in the vessel, the sample is dissolved and undergo endothermic reaction
as it absorbs heat that causes for it to dissolve and together with the water the mixture undergo
exothermic reaction. The mixture releases heat that is then absorbed by the calorimeter. Hence,
the decrease in the temperature, the new temperature now measures 22°C.

We can calculate the enthalpy of dissolution by adding the water equivalent to the mass
of water and multiply it to the change in temperature, then multiply it to the specific heat of
water and the molar mass of the sample. The product then will be divided to the mass of the
kJ
sample. In this experiment, the calculated enthalpy of dissolution is 13.73 .
mol