Tester Code v1.1.08

#include <avr/io.
h>
#include <util/delay.h>
#include <avr/sleep.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <avr/eeprom.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/wdt.h>
#include <avr/interrupt.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <avr/power.h>
#include <Wire.h>
//#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
//LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2); // RS,E,D4,D5,D6,D7
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3E, 16, 2);
// ******** config options for your Semiconductor tester
// Every changing of this Makefile will result in new compiling the whole
// programs, if you call make or make upload.
#define MCU atmega328p

#define F_CPU 16000000UL
// Select your language:

// Available languages are: LANG_ENGLISH, LANG_GERMAN, LANG_POLISH, LANG_CZECH,
LANG_SLOVAK, LANG_SLOVENE,
// LANG_DUTCH, LANG_BRASIL, LANG_RUSSIAN, LANG_UKRAINIAN
#define LANG_ENGLISH
// The LCD_CYRILLIC option is necessary, if you have a display with cyrillic

characterset.
// This lcd-display don't have a character for Ohm and for u (micro).
// Russian language requires a LCD controller with russian characterset and option
LCD_CYRILLIC!
#define LCD_CYRILLIC
// The LCD_DOGM option must be set for support of the DOG-M type of LCD modules
with ST7036 controller.
// For this LCD type the contrast must be set with software command.
//#define LCD_DOGM
// Option STRIP_GRID_BOARD selects different board-layout, do not set for standard

board!
// The connection of LCD is totally different for both versions.
//#define STRIP_GRID_BOARD
// The WITH_SELFTEST option enables selftest function (only for mega168 or

mega328).
//#define WITH_SELFTEST
// AUTO_CAL will enable the autocalibration of zero offset of capacity measurement

and
// also the port output resistance values will be find out in SELFTEST section.
// With a external capacitor a additionally correction of reference voltage is
figured out for
// low capacity measurement and also for the AUTOSCALE_ADC measurement.
// The AUTO_CAL option is only selectable for mega168 and mega328.
//#define AUTO_CAL
// FREQUENCY_50HZ enables a 50 Hz frequency generator for up to one minute at the

end of selftests.
//#define FREQUENCY_50HZ
// The WITH_AUTO_REF option enables reading of internal REF-voltage to get factors

for the Capacity measuring.
#define WITH_AUTO_REF
// REF_C_KORR corrects the reference Voltage for capacity measurement (<40uF) and
has mV units.
// Greater values gives lower capacity results.
#define REF_C_KORR 12
// REF_L_KORR corrects the reference Voltage for inductance measurement and has mV
units.
#define REF_L_KORR 40
// C_H_KORR defines a correction of 0.1% units for big capacitor measurement.
// Positive values will reduce measurement results.
#define C_H_KORR 0
// The WITH_UART option enables the software UART (TTL level output at Pin PC3,
26).
// If the option is deselected, PC3 can be used as external voltage input with a
// 10:1 resistor divider.
//#define WITH_UART
// The CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL defines the empty voltage level for capacitors in mV.
// Choose a higher value, if your Tester reports "Cell!" by unloading capacitors.
#define CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL 4
// The AUTOSCALE_ADC option enables the autoscale ADC (ADC use VCC and Bandgap
Ref).
#define AUTOSCALE_ADC
#define REF_R_KORR 3
// The ESR_ZERO value define the zero value of ESR measurement (units = 0.01 Ohm).
//#define ESR_ZERO 29
#define ESR_ZERO 20
// NO_AREF_CAP tells your Software, that you have no Capacitor installed at pin
AREF (21).
// This enables a shorter wait-time for AUTOSCALE_ADC function.
// A capacitor with 1nF can be used with the option NO_AREF_CAP set.
#define NO_AREF_CAP
// The OP_MHZ option tells the software the Operating Frequency of your ATmega.
// OP_MHZ 16
// Restart from sleep mode will be delayed for 16384 clock tics with crystal mode.
// Operation with the internal RC-Generator or external clock will delay the
restart by only 6 clock tics.
// You must specify this with "#define RESTART_DELAY_TICS=6", if you don't use the
crystal mode.
//#define RESTART_DELAY_TICS 6
// The USE_EEPROM option specify where you wish to locate fix text and tables.
// If USE_EEPROM is unset, program memory (flash) is taken for fix text and tables.
//#define USE_EEPROM
// Setting EBC_STYPE will select the old style to present the order of Transistor
connection (EBC=...).
// Omitting the option will select the 123=... style. Every point is replaced by a
character identifying
// type of connected transistor pin (B=Base, E=Emitter, C=Collector, G=Gate,
S=Source, D=Drain).
// If you select EBC_STYLE=321 , the style will be 321=... , the inverted order to
the 123=... style.
//#define EBC_STYLE
//#define EBC_STYLE 321
// Setting of NO_NANO avoids the use of n as prefix for Farad (nF), the mikro
prefix is used insted (uF).
//#define NO_NANO
// The PULLUP_DISABLE option disable the pull-up Resistors of IO-Ports.

// To use this option a external pull-up Resistor (10k to 30k)
// from Pin 13 to VCC must be installed!
#define PULLUP_DISABLE
// The ANZ_MESS option specifies, how often an ADC value is read and accumulated.
// Possible values of ANZ_MESS are 5 to 200.
#define ANZ_MESS 25
// The POWER_OFF option enables the power off function, otherwise loop measurements
infinitely
// until power is disconnected with a ON/OFF switch (#define POWER_OFF).
// If you have the tester without the power off transistors, you can deselect
POWER_OFF .
// If you have NOT selected the POWER_OFF option with the transistors installed,
// you can stop measuring by holding the key several seconds after a result is
// displayed. After releasing the key, the tester will be shut off by timeout.
// Otherwise you can also specify, after how many measurements without found part
// the tester will shut down (#define POWER_OFF=5).
// The tester will also shut down with found part,
// but successfull measurements are allowed double of the specified number.
// You can specify up to 255 empty measurements (#define POWER_OFF=255).
//#define POWER_OFF 5
//#define POWER_OFF
// Option BAT_CHECK enables the Battery Voltage Check, otherwise the SW Version is
displayed instead of Bat.
// BAT_CHECK should be set for battery powered tester version.
//#define BAT_CHECK
// The BAT_OUT option enables Battery Voltage Output on LCD (if BAT_CHECK is
selected).
// If your 9V supply has a diode installed, use the BAT_OUT=600 form to specify the
// threshold voltage of your diode to adjust the output value.
// This threshold level is added to LCD-output and does not affect the voltage
checking levels.
//#define BAT_OUT 150
// To adjust the warning-level and poor-level of battery check to the capability of

a
// low drop voltage regulator, you can specify the Option BAT_POOR=5400 .
// The unit for this option value is 1mV , 5400 means a poor level of 5.4V.
// The warning level is 0.8V higher than the specified poor level (>5.3V).
// The warning level is 0.4V higher than the specified poor level (>2.9V, <=5.3V).
// The warning level is 0.2V higher than the specified poor level (>1.3V, <=2.9V).
// The warning level is 0.1V higher than the specified poor level (<=1.3V).
// Setting the poor level to low values is not recommended for rechargeable
Batteries,
// because this increase the danger for deep discharge!!
#define BAT_POOR 6400
// The sleep mode of the ATmega168 or ATmega328 is normally used by the software to
save current.
// You can inhibit this with the option INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE .
//#define INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE
// ******** end of selectable options
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// ######## Configuration
#ifndef ADC_PORT
//#define DebugOut 3 // if set, output of voltages of resistor measurements in
row 2,3,4
//#define DebugOut 4 // if set, output of voltages of Diode measurement in row
3+4
//#define DebugOut 5 // if set, output of Transistor checks in row 2+3
//#define DebugOut 10 // if set, output of capacity measurements (ReadCapacity)
in row 3+4
/*
Port, that is directly connected to the probes.
This Port must have an ADC-Input (ATmega8: PORTC).
The lower pins of this Port must be used for measurements.
Please don't change the definitions of TP1, TP2 and TP3!
The TPREF pin can be connected with a 2.5V precision voltage reference
The TPext can be used with a 10:1 resistor divider as external voltage probe up
to 50V
*/
#define ADC_PORT PORTC

#define ADC_DDR DDRC
#define ADC_PIN PINC
#define TP1 0
#define TP2 1
#define TP3 2
#define TPext 3
// Port pin for 2.5V precision reference used for VCC check (optional)
#define TPREF 4
// Port pin for Battery voltage measuring
#define TPBAT 5
/*
exact values of used resistors (Ohm).
The standard value for R_L is 680 Ohm, for R_H 470kOhm.
To calibrate your tester the resistor-values can be adjusted:
*/
#define R_L_VAL 6800 // standard value 680 Ohm, multiplied by 10 for 0.1
Ohm resolution
//#define R_L_VAL 6690 // this will be define a 669 Ohm
#define R_H_VAL 47000 // standard value 470000 Ohm, multiplied by 10,
divided by 100
//#define R_H_VAL 47900 // this will be define a 479000 Ohm, divided by 100
#define R_DDR DDRB

#define R_PORT PORTB
/*
Port for the Test resistors
The Resistors must be connected to the lower 6 Pins of the Port in following
sequence:
RLx = 680R-resistor for Test-Pin x
RHx = 470k-resistor for Test-Pin x
RL1 an Pin 0
RH1 an Pin 1
RL2 an Pin 2
RH2 an Pin 3
RL3 an Pin 4
RH3 an Pin 5
*/
#define ON_DDR DDRD

#define ON_PORT PORTD
#define ON_PIN_REG PIND
#define ON_PIN 18 // Pin, must be switched to high to switch power on
#ifdef STRIP_GRID_BOARD
// Strip Grid board version
#define RST_PIN 0 // Pin, is switched to low, if push button is
pressed
#else
// normal layout version
#define RST_PIN 17 // Pin, is switched to low, if push button is
pressed
#endif
// Port(s) / Pins for LCD
// special Layout for strip grid board
#define HW_LCD_EN_PORT PORTD
#define HW_LCD_EN_PIN 5
#define HW_LCD_RS_PORT PORTD

#define HW_LCD_RS_PIN 7
#define HW_LCD_B4_PORT PORTD

#define HW_LCD_B4_PIN 4
#else
// normal Layout
#define HW_LCD_EN_PORT PORTD
#define HW_LCD_EN_PIN 6
#define HW_LCD_RS_PORT PORTD
#define HW_LCD_RS_PIN 7

#endif
// U_VCC defines the VCC Voltage of the ATmega in mV units
#define U_VCC 5000

// integer factors are used to change the ADC-value to mV resolution in ReadADC !
// With the option NO_CAP_HOLD_TIME you specify, that capacitor loaded with 680 Ohm
resistor will not
// be tested to hold the voltage same time as load time.
// Otherwise (without this option) the voltage drop during load time is compensated
to avoid displaying
// too much capacity for capacitors with internal parallel resistance.
// #define NO_CAP_HOLD_TIME
// U_SCALE can be set to 4 for better resolution of ReadADC function for resistor
measurement
#define U_SCALE 4
// R_ANZ_MESS can be set to a higher number of measurements (up to 200) for

resistor measurement
#define R_ANZ_MESS 190
// Watchdog
//#define WDT_enabled
/*
If you remove the "#define WDT_enabled" , the Watchdog will not be activated.
This is only for Test or debugging usefull.
For normal operation please activate the Watchdog !
*/
// ######## End of configuration
#if R_ANZ_MESS < ANZ_MESS

#undef R_ANZ_MESS
#define R_ANZ_MESS ANZ_MESS
#endif
#if U_SCALE < 0
// limit U_SCALE
#undef U_SCALE
#define U_SCALE 1
#endif
#if U_SCALE > 4
// limit U_SCALE
#undef U_SCALE
#define U_SCALE 4
#endif
#ifndef REF_L_KORR
#define REF_L_KORR 50
#endif
// the following definitions specify where to load external data from: EEprom or
flash
#ifdef USE_EEPROM
#define MEM_TEXT EEMEM
#if E2END > 0X1FF

#define MEM2_TEXT EEMEM
#define MEM2_read_byte(a) eeprom_read_byte(a)
#define MEM2_read_word(a) eeprom_read_word(a)
#define lcd_fix2_string(a) lcd_fix_string(a)
#else
#define MEM2_TEXT PROGMEM
#define MEM2_read_byte(a) pgm_read_byte(a)
#define MEM2_read_word(a) pgm_read_word(a)
#define lcd_fix2_string(a) lcd_pgm_string(a)
#define use_lcd_pgm
#endif
#define MEM_read_word(a) eeprom_read_word(a)

#define MEM_read_byte(a) eeprom_read_byte(a)
#else
#define MEM_TEXT PROGMEM
#define MEM2_TEXT PROGMEM
#define MEM_read_word(a) pgm_read_word(a)
#define MEM_read_byte(a) pgm_read_byte(a)
#define MEM2_read_byte(a) pgm_read_byte(a)
#define MEM2_read_word(a) pgm_read_word(a)
#define lcd_fix2_string(a) lcd_pgm_string(a)
#define use_lcd_pgm
#endif
// RH_OFFSET : systematic offset of resistor measurement with RH (470k)

// resolution is 0.1 Ohm, 3500 defines a offset of 350 Ohm
#define RH_OFFSET 3500
// TP2_CAP_OFFSET is a additionally offset for TP2 capacity measurements in pF

units
#define TP2_CAP_OFFSET 2
// CABLE_CAP defines the capacity (pF) of 12cm cable with clip at the terminal pins
#define CABLE_CAP 3
// select the right Processor Typ

/*
#if defined(__AVR_ATmega48__)
#define PROCESSOR_TYP 168
#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega48P__)
#elif defined(__AVR_ATmega88__)
#else
#endif
*/
// automatic selection of right call type

#if FLASHEND > 0X1FFF
#define ACALL call
#else
#define ACALL rcall
#endif
// automatic selection of option and parameters for different AVRs
//------------------=========----------
#if PROCESSOR_TYP == 168
//------------------=========----------
#define MCU_STATUS_REG MCUCR
#define ADC_COMP_CONTROL ADCSRB
#define TI1_INT_FLAGS TIFR1
#define DEFAULT_BAND_GAP 1070
#define DEFAULT_RH_FAKT 884 // mega328 1070 mV
// LONG_HFE activates computation of current amplification factor with long
variables
#define LONG_HFE
// COMMON_COLLECTOR activates measurement of current amplification factor in
common collector circuit (Emitter follower)
#define COMMON_COLLECTOR
#define MEGA168A 17
#define MEGA168PA 18
// Pin resistor values of ATmega168

//#define PIN_RM 196
//#define PIN_RP 225
#define PIN_RM 190
#define PIN_RP 220
// CC0 defines the capacity of empty terminal pins 1 & 3 without cable
#define CC0 36
// Slew rate correction val += COMP_SLEW1 / (val + COMP_SLEW2)
#define COMP_SLEW1 4000
#define C_NULL CC0+CABLE_CAP+(COMP_SLEW1 / (CC0 + CABLE_CAP + COMP_SLEW2))
#define MUX_INT_REF 0x0e // channel number of internal 1.1 V
//------------------=========----------
#elif PROCESSOR_TYP == 328
//------------------=========----------
variables
#define LONG_HFE
#define PIN_RM 200

#define PIN_RP 220
#define CC0 36
#define MUX_INT_REF 0x0e // channel number of internal 1.1 V
//------------------=========----------
#elif PROCESSOR_TYP == 1280
//------------------=========----------
variables
#define LONG_HFE
#define PIN_RM 200

#define PIN_RP 220
#define CC0 36
#define MUX_INT_REF 0x1e /* channel number of internal 1.1 V */
//------------------=========----------
#else
// ATmega8
//------------------=========----------
#define MCU_STATUS_REG MCUCSR
#define ADC_COMP_CONTROL SFIOR
#define TI1_INT_FLAGS TIFR
#define DEFAULT_BAND_GAP 1298 //mega8 1298 mV
variables
#define LONG_HFE
#define PIN_RM 196

#define PIN_RP 240
#define CC0 27
#define MUX_INT_REF 0x0e /* channel number of internal 1.1 V */
#ifndef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE
#define INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE /* do not use the sleep mode of ATmega */
#endif
#endif
// 2.54V reference voltage + correction (fix for ATmega8)
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
#define ADC_internal_reference (2560 + (int8_t)eeprom_read_byte((uint8_t
*)&RefDiff))
#else
#define ADC_internal_reference (2560 + REF_R_KORR)
#endif
#else
// all other processors use a 1.1V reference
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
#define ADC_internal_reference (ref_mv + (int8_t)eeprom_read_byte((uint8_t
*)&RefDiff))
#else
#define ADC_internal_reference (ref_mv + REF_R_KORR)
#endif
#endif
#ifndef REF_R_KORR
#define REF_R_KORR 0
#endif
#ifndef REF_C_KORR
#define REF_C_KORR 0
#endif
#define LONG_WAIT_TIME 28000

#define SHORT_WAIT_TIME 5000
#ifdef POWER_OFF
// if POWER OFF function is selected, wait 14s
// if POWER_OFF with parameter > 2, wait only 5s before repeating
#if (POWER_OFF+0) > 2
#define OFF_WAIT_TIME SHORT_WAIT_TIME
#else
#define OFF_WAIT_TIME LONG_WAIT_TIME
#endif
#else
// if POWER OFF function is not selected, wait 14s before repeat measurement
#define OFF_WAIT_TIME LONG_WAIT_TIME
#endif
//**********************************************************
// defines for the selection of a correctly ADC-Clock
// will match for 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz and 16MHz
// ADC-Clock can be 125000 or 250000
// 250 kHz is out of the full accuracy specification!
// clock divider is 4, when CPU_Clock==1MHz and ADC_Clock==250kHz
// clock divider is 128, when CPU_Clock==16MHz and ADC_Clock==125kHz
#define F_ADC 125000
//#define F_ADC 250000
#if F_CPU/F_ADC == 2
#define AUTO_CLOCK_DIV (1<<ADPS0)
#endif
#endif
#define AUTO_CLOCK_DIV (1<<ADPS1) | (1<<ADPS0)
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif
#define AUTO_CLOCK_DIV (1<<ADPS2) | (1<<ADPS1) | (1<<ADPS0)
#endif
//**********************************************************
#define F_ADC_F 500000
#if F_CPU/F_ADC_F == 2
#define FAST_CLOCK_DIV (1<<ADPS0)
#endif
#endif
#define FAST_CLOCK_DIV (1<<ADPS1) | (1<<ADPS0)
#endif
#endif
#endif
#endif
#define FAST_CLOCK_DIV (1<<ADPS2) | (1<<ADPS1) | (1<<ADPS0)
#endif
#ifndef PIN_RP
#define PIN_RP 220 // estimated internal resistance PORT to VCC
// will only be used, if not set before in config.h
#endif
#ifndef PIN_RM
#define PIN_RM 190 // estimated internal resistance PORT to GND
// will only be used, if not set before in config.h
#endif
//**********************************************************
// defines for the WITH_UART option

/*
With define SWUART_INVERT you can specify, if the software-UART operates normal or
invers.
in the normal mode the UART sends with usual logik level (Low = 0; High = 1).
You can use this mode for direct connection to a uC, or a level converter like
MAX232.
With invers mode the UART sends with invers logik (Low = 1, High = 0).
This is the level of a standard RS232 port of a PC.
In most cases the output of the software UART can so be connected to the RxD of a
PC.
The specification say, that level -3V to 3V is unspecified, but in most cases it
works.
Is a simple but unclean solution.
Is SWUART_INVERT defined, the UART works is inverse mode
*/
//#define SWUART_INVERT
#define TxD 3 // TxD-Pin of Software-UART; must be at Port C !

#ifdef WITH_UART
#define TXD_MSK (1<<TxD)
#else
#define TXD_MSK 0xF8
#endif
#ifdef SWUART_INVERT
#define TXD_VAL 0
#else
#define TXD_VAL TXD_MSK
#endif
#ifdef INHIBIT_SLEEP_MODE
// save memory, do not use the sleep mode
#define wait_about5ms() wait5ms()
#define wait_about1s() wait1s()
#else
// use sleep mode to save current for user interface
#define wait_about5ms() sleep_5ms(1)
#define wait_about1s() sleep_5ms(200)
#endif
#undef AUTO_RH
#ifdef WITH_AUTO_REF
#define AUTO_RH
#else
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
#define AUTO_RH
#endif
#endif
#undef CHECK_CALL
#ifdef WITH_SELFTEST
// AutoCheck Function is needed
#define CHECK_CALL
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
// AutoCheck Function is needed
#define CHECK_CALL
#define RR680PL resis680pl
#define RR680MI resis680mi
#define RRpinPL pin_rpl
#define RRpinMI pin_rmi
#else
#define RR680PL (R_L_VAL + PIN_RP)
#define RR680MI (R_L_VAL + PIN_RM)
#define RRpinPL (PIN_RP)
#define RRpinMI (PIN_RM)
#endif
#ifndef ESR_ZERO
// define a default zero value for ESR measurement (0.01 Ohm units)
#define ESR_ZERO 20
#endif
#ifndef RESTART_DELAY_TICS
// define the processor restart delay for crystal oscillator 16K
// only set, if no preset (Makefile) exists.
#define RESTART_DELAY_TICS 16384
// for ceramic oscillator 258 or 1024 Clock tics can be selected with fuses
// for external oscillator or RC-oscillator is only a delay of 6 clock tics.
#endif
// with EBC_STYLE you can select the Pin-description in EBC= style instead of
123=??? style
//#define EBC_STYLE
#if EBC_STYLE == 123
// unset the option for the 123 selection, since this style is default.
#undef EBC_STYLE
#endif
// self build characters

#define LCD_CHAR_DIODE1 1 // Diode-Icon; will be generated as custom
character
#define LCD_CHAR_DIODE2 2 // Diode-Icon; will be generated as custom
character
#define LCD_CHAR_CAP 3 // Capacitor-Icon; will be generated as custom
character
// numbers of RESIS1 and RESIS2 are swapped for OLED display, which shows a corrupt
RESIS1 character otherwise ???
#define LCD_CHAR_RESIS1 7 // Resistor left part will be generated as custom
character
#define LCD_CHAR_RESIS2 6 // Resistor right part will be generated as custom
character
#ifdef LCD_CYRILLIC
#define LCD_CHAR_OMEGA 4 // Omega-character
#define LCD_CHAR_U 5 // micro-character
#else
#define LCD_CHAR_OMEGA 244 // Omega-character
#define LCD_CHAR_U 228 // micro-character
#endif
#ifdef LCD_DOGM
#undef LCD_CHAR_OMEGA
#define LCD_CHAR_OMEGA 0x1e // Omega-character for DOGM module
#undef LCD_CHAR_U
#define LCD_CHAR_U 5 // micro-character for DOGM module loadable
#endif
#define LCD_CHAR_DEGREE 0xdf // Character for degree
#endif // #ifndef ADC_PORT
// the hFE (B) can be determined with common collector and common emitter circuit
// with more than 16K both methodes are possible
#ifdef COMMON_COLLECTOR
#if FLASHEND > 0x3fff
#define COMMON_EMITTER
#endif
#else
#define COMMON_EMITTER
#endif
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
#define MAIN_C
#if defined (MAIN_C)

#define COMMON
/*
The voltage at a capacitor grows with Uc = VCC * (1 - e**(-t/T))
The voltage 1.3V is reached at t = -ln(3.7/5)*T = 0.3011*T .
Time constant is T = R * C ; also
C = T / R
for the resistor 470 kOhm is C = t / (0.3011 * 470000)
H_Fakt = 707/100 for a result in pF units.
*/
// Big Capacities (>50uF) are measured with up to 500 load-pulses with the 680 Ohm
resistor.
// Each of this load-puls has an length of 10ms. After every load-pulse the
voltage of the
// capacitor is measured. If the voltage is more than 300mV, the capacity is
computed by
// interpolating the corresponding values of the table RLtab and multiply that with
the number
// of load pulses (*10).
// Widerstand 680 Ohm 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475
500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 825
850 875 900 925 950 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100 1125 1150 1175
1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 mV
const uint16_t RLtab[] MEM_TEXT =
{22447,20665,19138,17815,16657,15635,14727,13914,13182,12520,11918,11369,10865,1040
1, 9973, 9577, 9209, 8866, 8546, 8247, 7966, 7702, 7454, 7220, 6999, 6789, 6591,
6403, 6224, 6054, 5892, 5738, 5590, 5449, 5314, 5185, 5061, 4942, 4828, 4718, 4613,
4511, 4413, 4319, 4228};

// {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55,
56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,
74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
91 };
const uint16_t LogTab[] PROGMEM = {0, 20, 41, 62, 83, 105, 128, 151, 174, 198,
223, 248, 274, 301, 329, 357, 386, 416, 446, 478, 511, 545, 580, 616, 654, 693,
734, 777, 821, 868, 916, 968, 1022, 1079, 1139, 1204, 1273, 1347, 1427, 1514, 1609,
1715, 1833, 1966, 2120, 2303, 2526 };
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_RH
// resistor 470000 Ohm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 mV
const uint16_t RHtab[] PROGMEM = { 954, 903, 856, 814, 775, 740, 707, 676, 648};
#endif
// with integer factors the ADC-value will be changed to mV resolution in ReadADC !

// all if statements are corrected to the mV resolution.
// Strings in PROGMEM or in EEprom
#if defined(LANG_GERMAN) // deutsch

const unsigned char TestRunning[] MEM_TEXT = "Testen...";
const unsigned char BatWeak[] MEM_TEXT = "gering";
const unsigned char BatEmpty[] MEM_TEXT = "leer!";
const unsigned char TestFailed2[] MEM_TEXT = "defektes ";
const unsigned char Component[] MEM_TEXT = "Bauteil";
// const unsigned char Diode[] MEM_TEXT = "Diode: ";
const unsigned char Triac[] MEM_TEXT = "Triac";
const unsigned char Thyristor[] MEM_TEXT = "Thyristor";
const unsigned char Unknown[] MEM_TEXT = " unbek.";
const unsigned char TestFailed1[] MEM_TEXT = "Kein,unbek. oder";
const unsigned char OrBroken[] MEM_TEXT = "oder defekt ";
const unsigned char TestTimedOut[] MEM_TEXT = "Timeout!";
#define Cathode_char 'K'
const unsigned char SELFTEST[] MEM_TEXT = "Selbsttest ..";
const unsigned char RELPROBE[] MEM_TEXT = "isolate Probe!";
const unsigned char ATE[] MEM_TEXT = "Test Ende";
#endif
#endif
#if defined(LANG_ENGLISH) // english

const unsigned char TestRunning[] MEM_TEXT = "testing...";
const unsigned char BatWeak[] MEM_TEXT = "weak";
const unsigned char BatEmpty[] MEM_TEXT = "empty!";
const unsigned char TestFailed2[] MEM_TEXT = "damaged ";
const unsigned char Component[] MEM_TEXT = "part";
//const unsigned char Diode[] MEM_TEXT = "Diode: ";
const unsigned char Triac[] MEM_TEXT = "Triac";
const unsigned char Thyristor[] MEM_TEXT = "Thyristor";
const unsigned char Unknown[] MEM_TEXT = " unknown";
const unsigned char TestFailed1[] MEM_TEXT = "No, unknown, or";
const unsigned char OrBroken[] MEM_TEXT = "or damaged ";
const unsigned char TestTimedOut[] MEM_TEXT = "Timeout!";
#define Cathode_char 'C'
const unsigned char SELFTEST[] MEM_TEXT = "Selftest mode..";
const unsigned char RELPROBE[] MEM_TEXT = "isolate Probe!";
const unsigned char ATE[] MEM_TEXT = "Test End";
#endif
#endif
// Strings, which are not dependent of any language

const unsigned char Bat_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Bat. ";
const unsigned char OK_str[] MEM_TEXT = "OK";
const unsigned char mosfet_str[] MEM_TEXT = "-MOS";
const unsigned char jfet_str[] MEM_TEXT = "JFET";
const unsigned char GateCap_str[] MEM_TEXT = "C=";
const unsigned char hfe_str[] MEM_TEXT ="B=";
const unsigned char NPN_str[] MEM_TEXT = "NPN ";
const unsigned char PNP_str[] MEM_TEXT = "PNP ";
#ifndef EBC_STYLE
const unsigned char N123_str[] MEM_TEXT = " 123=";
//const unsigned char N123_str[] MEM_TEXT = " Pin=";
#else
const unsigned char N321_str[] MEM_TEXT = " 321=";
#endif
#endif
const unsigned char Uf_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Uf=";

const unsigned char vt_str[] MEM_TEXT = " Vt=";
const unsigned char Vgs_str[] MEM_TEXT = "@Vgs=";
const unsigned char CapZeich[] MEM_TEXT = {'-',LCD_CHAR_CAP,'-',0};
const unsigned char Cell_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Cell!";
const unsigned char VCC_str[] MEM_TEXT = "VCC=";

const unsigned char ESR_str[] MEM_TEXT = " ESR=";
const unsigned char VLOSS_str[] MEM_TEXT = " Vloss=";
const unsigned char Lis_str[] MEM_TEXT = "L=";
const unsigned char Ir_str[] MEM_TEXT = " Ir=";
#ifndef WITH_UART
//#define WITH_VEXT
#endif
#else
#ifndef BAT_CHECK
#ifndef WITH_UART
//#define WITH_VEXT
#endif
#endif
#endif
#ifdef WITH_VEXT
const unsigned char Vext_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Vext=";
#define LCD_CLEAR
#endif
const unsigned char VERSION_str[] MEM2_TEXT = "Ttester 1.08.001";
const unsigned char AnKat[] MEM_TEXT = {'-', LCD_CHAR_DIODE1, '-',0};

const unsigned char KatAn[] MEM_TEXT = {'-', LCD_CHAR_DIODE2, '-',0};
const unsigned char Diodes[] MEM_TEXT = {'*',LCD_CHAR_DIODE1, ' ', ' ',0};
const unsigned char Resistor_str[] MEM_TEXT = {'-', LCD_CHAR_RESIS1,
LCD_CHAR_RESIS2,'-',0};
const unsigned char URefT[] MEM2_TEXT = "Ref=";
const unsigned char RHfakt[] MEM2_TEXT = "RHf=";
const unsigned char RH1L[] MEM_TEXT = "RH-";
const unsigned char RH1H[] MEM_TEXT = "RH+";
const unsigned char RLRL[] MEM_TEXT = "+RL- 12 13 23";
const unsigned char RHRH[] MEM_TEXT = "+RH- 12 13 23";
const unsigned char RHRL[] MEM_TEXT = "RH/RL";
const unsigned char R0_str[] MEM2_TEXT = "R0=";
#define LCD_CLEAR
#endif
#ifdef CHECK_CALL
const unsigned char RIHI[] MEM_TEXT = "Ri_Hi=";
const unsigned char RILO[] MEM_TEXT = "Ri_Lo=";
const unsigned char C0_str[] MEM_TEXT = "C0 ";
const unsigned char T50HZ[] MEM_TEXT = " 50Hz";
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
const unsigned char MinCap_str[] MEM2_TEXT = " >100nF";
const unsigned char REF_C_str[] MEM2_TEXT = "REF_C=";
const unsigned char REF_R_str[] MEM2_TEXT = "REF_R=";
#endif
#ifdef DebugOut
#define LCD_CLEAR
#endif
const unsigned char DiodeIcon1[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x11, 0x19, 0x1d, 0x1f, 0x1d, 0x19,
0x11, 0x00 }; // Diode-Icon Anode left
const unsigned char DiodeIcon2[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x11, 0x13, 0x17, 0x1f, 0x17, 0x13,
0x11, 0x00 }; // Diode-Icon Anode right
const unsigned char CapIcon[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b,
0x1b, 0x00 }; // Capacitor Icon
const unsigned char ResIcon1[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x00, 0x0f, 0x08, 0x18, 0x08, 0x0f,
0x00, 0x00 }; // Resistor Icon1 left
const unsigned char ResIcon2[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x00, 0x1e, 0x02, 0x03, 0x02, 0x1e,
0x00, 0x00 }; // Resistor Icon2 right
const unsigned char OmegaIcon[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x0e, 0x11, 0x11, 0x0a,
0x1b, 0x00 }; // Omega Icon
const unsigned char MicroIcon[] MEM_TEXT = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0e,
0x09, 0x10 }; // Micro Icon
const unsigned char PinRLtab[] PROGMEM = { (1<<(TP1*2)), (1<<(TP2*2)),

(1<<(TP3*2))}; // Table of commands to switch the R-L resistors Pin 0,1,2
const unsigned char PinADCtab[] PROGMEM = { (1<<TP1), (1<<TP2), (1<<TP3)}; //
Table of commands to switch the ADC-Pins 0,1,2
/*
// generate Omega- and u-character as Custom-character, if these characters has a
number of loadable type
#if LCD_CHAR_OMEGA < 8
const unsigned char CyrillicOmegaIcon[] MEM_TEXT = {0,0,14,17,17,10,27,0}; //
Omega
#endif
#if LCD_CHAR_U < 8
const unsigned char CyrillicMuIcon[] MEM_TEXT = {0,17,17,17,19,29,16,16}; //
micro
#endif
*/
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
//const uint16_t R680pl EEMEM = R_L_VAL+PIN_RP; // total resistor to VCC
//const uint16_t R680mi EEMEM = R_L_VAL+PIN_RM; // total resistor to GND
const int8_t RefDiff EEMEM = REF_R_KORR; // correction of internal Reference
Voltage
#endif
const uint8_t PrefixTab[] MEM_TEXT = { 'p','n',LCD_CHAR_U,'m',0,'k','M'}; //

p,n,u,m,-,k,M
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
//const uint16_t cap_null EEMEM = C_NULL; // Zero offset of capacity measurement
const int16_t ref_offset EEMEM = REF_C_KORR; // default correction of internal
reference voltage for capacity measurement
// LoPin:HiPin 2:1 3:1 1:2 :
3:2 1:3 2:3
const uint8_t c_zero_tab[] EEMEM =
{ C_NULL,C_NULL,C_NULL+TP2_CAP_OFFSET,C_NULL,C_NULL+TP2_CAP_OFFSET,C_NULL,C_NULL };
// table of zero offsets
#endif
const uint8_t EE_ESR_ZEROtab[] PROGMEM = {ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO};

// zero offset of ESR measurement
// End of EEPROM-Strings
// Multiplier for capacity measurement with R_H (470KOhm)

unsigned int RHmultip = DEFAULT_RH_FAKT;
#else
// no MAIN_C
#define COMMON extern
extern const unsigned char SELFTEST[] MEM_TEXT;
extern const unsigned char RELPROBE[] MEM_TEXT;
extern const unsigned char ATE[] MEM_TEXT;
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
//extern uint16_t R680pl;
//extern uint16_t R680mi;
extern int8_t RefDiff;
extern uint16_t ref_offset;
extern uint8_t c_zero_tab[];
#endif
extern const uint8_t EE_ESR_ZEROtab[] EEMEM; // zero offset of ESR measurement

extern const uint16_t RLtab[];

extern uint16_t LogTab[];
extern const unsigned char ESR_str[];
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_RH
extern const uint16_t RHtab[];
#endif
extern const unsigned char PinRLtab[];

extern const unsigned char PinADCtab[];
extern unsigned int RHmultip;
#endif // MAIN_C
struct Diode_t {
uint8_t Anode;
uint8_t Cathode;
unsigned int Voltage;
};
COMMON struct Diode_t diodes[6];

COMMON uint8_t NumOfDiodes;
COMMON struct {
unsigned long hfe[2]; // current amplification factor
unsigned int uBE[2]; // B-E-voltage of the Transistor
uint8_t b,c,e; // pins of the Transistor
}trans;
COMMON unsigned int gthvoltage; // Gate-threshold voltage
COMMON uint8_t PartReady; // part detection is finished

COMMON uint8_t PartMode;
COMMON uint8_t tmpval, tmpval2;
COMMON unsigned int ref_mv; // Reference-voltage in mV units
COMMON struct resis_t{

unsigned long rx; // value of resistor RX
unsigned long lx; // inductance 10uH or 100uH
int8_t lpre; // prefix for inductance
#endif
uint8_t ra,rb; // Pins of RX
uint8_t rt; // Tristate-Pin (inactive)
} resis[3];
COMMON uint8_t ResistorsFound; // Number of found resistors

COMMON uint8_t ii; // multipurpose counter
COMMON struct cap_t {

unsigned long cval; // capacitor value
unsigned long cval_max; // capacitor with maximum value
union t_combi{
unsigned long dw; // capacity value without corrections
uint16_t w[2];
} cval_uncorrected;
unsigned int esr; // serial resistance of C in 0.01 Ohm
unsigned int v_loss; // voltage loss 0.1%
#endif
uint8_t ca, cb; // pins of capacitor
int8_t cpre; // Prefix for capacitor value -12=p, -9=n, -6=u, -3=m
int8_t cpre_max; // Prefix of the biggest capacitor
} cap;
// with sleep mode we need a global ovcnt16
COMMON volatile uint16_t ovcnt16;
COMMON volatile uint8_t unfinished;
#endif
COMMON int16_t load_diff; // difference voltage of loaded capacitor and internal

reference
COMMON uint8_t WithReference; // Marker for found precision voltage reference = 1
COMMON uint8_t PartFound; // the found part
COMMON char outval[12]; // String for ASCII-outpu
COMMON uint8_t empty_count; // counter for max count of empty measurements
COMMON uint8_t mess_count; // counter for max count of nonempty measurements
COMMON struct ADCconfig_t {

uint8_t Samples; // number of ADC samples to take
uint8_t RefFlag; // save Reference type VCC of IntRef
uint16_t U_Bandgap; // Reference Voltage in mV
uint16_t U_AVCC; // Voltage of AVCC
} ADCconfig;
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
COMMON uint8_t pin_combination; // coded Pin-combination
2:1,3:1,1:2,x:x,3:2,1:3,2:3
COMMON uint16_t resis680pl; // port output resistance + 680
COMMON uint16_t resis680mi; // port output resistance + 680
COMMON uint16_t pin_rmi; // port output resistance to GND side, 0.1 Ohm units
COMMON uint16_t pin_rpl; // port output resistance to VCC side, 0.1 Ohm units
#endif
#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

COMMON unsigned int display_time; // display time of measurement in ms units
#endif
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// definitions of parts
#define PART_NONE 0
#define PART_DIODE 1
#define PART_TRANSISTOR 2
#define PART_FET 3
#define PART_TRIAC 4
#define PART_THYRISTOR 5
#define PART_RESISTOR 6
#define PART_CAPACITOR 7
#define PART_CELL 8
// special definition for different parts

// FETs
#define PART_MODE_N_E_MOS 2
#define PART_MODE_P_E_MOS 3
#define PART_MODE_N_D_MOS 4
#define PART_MODE_P_D_MOS 5
#define PART_MODE_N_JFET 6
#define PART_MODE_P_JFET 7
// Bipolar
#define PART_MODE_NPN 1
#define PART_MODE_PNP 2
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// wait functions
#define wait5s() delay(5000)
#define wait500ms() delay(500)
#define wait500us() delayMicroseconds(500)
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// Interfacing of a HD44780 compatible LCD with 4-Bit-Interface mode
// LCD-commands
#define CMD_ClearDisplay 0x01
#define CMD_ReturnHome 0x02
#define CMD_SetEntryMode 0x04
#define CMD_SetDisplayAndCursor 0x08
#define CMD_SetIFOptions 0x20
#define CMD_SetCGRAMAddress 0x40 // for Custom character
#define CMD_SetDDRAMAddress 0x80 // set Cursor
#define CMD1_SetBias 0x10 // set Bias (instruction table 1, DOGM)

#define CMD1_PowerControl 0x50 // Power Control, set Contrast C5:C4
(instruction table 1, DOGM)
#define CMD1_FollowerControl 0x60 // Follower Control, amplified ratio
(instruction table 1, DOGM)
#define CMD1_SetContrast 0x70 // set Contrast C3:C0 (instruction table 1,
DOGM)
// Makros for LCD

#define lcd_line1() lcd_set_cursor(0,0) // move to beginning of 1 row
#define lcd_init() lcd.begin(20,4)

#define lcd_command(value) lcd.command(value)
#define lcd_home() lcd.home()
#define uart_newline() Serial.println()
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// prepare sleep mode
EMPTY_INTERRUPT(TIMER2_COMPA_vect);
EMPTY_INTERRUPT(ADC_vect);
#endif
uint8_t tmp = 0;
//unsigned int PRR;
byte TestKey;
byte TestKeyPin = 17; // A3
// begin of transistortester program

void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(TestKeyPin, INPUT);
lcd.init();
//lcd.begin(16,2);
lcd.backlight();
//lcd_init(); // initialize LCD
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_DIODE1, DiodeIcon1); // Custom-Character Diode

symbol >|
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_DIODE2, DiodeIcon2); // Custom-Character Diode
symbol |<
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_CAP, CapIcon); // Custom-Character Capacitor
symbol ||
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_RESIS1, ResIcon1); // Custom-Character Resistor
symbol [
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_RESIS2, ResIcon2); // Custom-Character Resistor
symbol ]
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_OMEGA, OmegaIcon); // load Omega as Custom-
Character
lcd_pgm_custom_char(LCD_CHAR_U, MicroIcon); // load Micro as Custom-
Character
lcd_home();
lcd_string("WELCOME ");
lcd_clear();
lcd_string("COMPONANT TESTER ");
lcd_set_cursor(1, 0);
lcd_string("Press Enter...");
//ON_DDR = 0;
//ON_PORT = 0;
/*
// switch on
ON_DDR = (1<<ON_PIN); // switch to output
#ifdef PULLUP_DISABLE
ON_PORT = (1<<ON_PIN); // switch power on
#else
ON_PORT = (1<<ON_PIN)|(1<<RST_PIN); // switch power on , enable internal
Pullup for Start-Pin
#endif
*/
// ADC-Init
ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // prescaler=8 or 64 (if 8Mhz clock)
#ifdef __AVR_ATmega8__
//#define WDRF_HOME MCU_STATUS_REG
#define WDRF_HOME MCUCSR
#else
#define WDRF_HOME MCUSR
#endif
/*
tmp = (WDRF_HOME & (1<<WDRF)); // save Watch Dog Flag
WDRF_HOME &= ~(1<<WDRF); // reset Watch Dog flag
wdt_disable(); // disable Watch Dog
*/
/*
// switch off unused Parts
PRR = (1<<PRTWI) | (1<<PRTIM0) | (1<<PRSPI) | (1<<PRUSART0);
DIDR0 = (1<<ADC5D) | (1<<ADC4D) | (1<<ADC3D);
TCCR2A = (0<<WGM21) | (0<<WGM20); // Counter 2 normal mode
#if F_CPU <= 1000000UL
TCCR2B = (1<<CS22) | (0<<CS21) | (1<<CS20); // prescaler 128, 128us @ 1MHz
#define T2_PERIOD 128
#endif
#if F_CPU == 2000000UL
#endif
#if F_CPU == 4000000UL
#endif
#if F_CPU >= 8000000UL
TCCR2B = (1<<CS22) | (1<<CS21) | (1<<CS20); // prescaler 1024, 128us @ 8MHz,
64us @ 16MHz
#define T2_PERIOD (1024 / (F_CPU / 1000000UL)); // set to 128 or 64 us
#endif
sei(); // enable interrupts
#endif
*/
#define T2_PERIOD (1024 / (F_CPU / 1000000UL)); // set to 128 or 64 us
//ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
//ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;
if(tmp) {
// check if Watchdog-Event
// this happens, if the Watchdog is not reset for 2s
// can happen, if any loop in the Program doen't finish.
lcd_line1();
lcd_fix_string(TestTimedOut); // Output Timeout
wait_about3s(); // wait for 3 s
//ON_PORT = 0; // shut off!
//ON_DDR = (1<<ON_PIN); // switch to GND
//return;
}
#ifdef PULLUP_DISABLE
SFIOR = (1<<PUD); // disable Pull-Up Resistors mega8
#else
MCUCR = (1<<PUD); // disable Pull-Up Resistors mega168 family
#endif
#endif
//DIDR0 = 0x3f; // disable all Input register of ADC
/*
#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1
// tester display time selection
display_time = OFF_WAIT_TIME; // LONG_WAIT_TIME for single mode, else
SHORT_WAIT_TIME
if (!(ON_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {
// if power button is pressed ...
wait_about300ms(); // wait to catch a long key press
// check if power button is still pressed
display_time = LONG_WAIT_TIME; // ... set long time display anyway
}
}
#else
#define display_time OFF_WAIT_TIME
#endif
*/
#define display_time OFF_WAIT_TIME
empty_count = 0;
mess_count = 0;
}
void loop()
{
// Entry: if start key is pressed before shut down
start:
TestKey = 1;
while(TestKey) {
TestKey = digitalRead(TestKeyPin);
delay(100);
}
while(!TestKey) {
TestKey = digitalRead(TestKeyPin);
delay(100);
}
lcd_clear();
delay(100);
PartFound = PART_NONE; // no part found

NumOfDiodes = 0; // Number of diodes = 0
PartReady = 0;
PartMode = 0;
WithReference = 0; // no precision reference voltage
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // activate Software-UART
ResistorsFound = 0; // no resistors found
cap.ca = 0;
cap.cb = 0;
#ifdef WITH_UART
uart_newline(); // start of new measurement
#endif
ADCconfig.RefFlag = 0;
Calibrate_UR(); // get Ref Voltages and Pin resistance
lcd_line1(); // 1 row
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = ADC_internal_reference; // set internal reference voltage

for ADC
#ifdef BAT_CHECK
// Battery check is selected
ReadADC(TPBAT); // Dummy-Readout
trans.uBE[0] = W5msReadADC(TPBAT); // with 5V reference
lcd_fix_string(Bat_str); // output: "Bat. "
#ifdef BAT_OUT
// display Battery voltage
// The divisor to get the voltage in 0.01V units is ((10*33)/133) witch is
about 2.4812
// A good result can be get with multiply by 4 and divide by 10 (about
0.75%).
//cap.cval = (trans.uBE[0]*4)/10+((BAT_OUT+5)/10); // usually output only 2
digits
//DisplayValue(cap.cval,-2,'V',2); // Display 2 Digits of this 10mV units
cap.cval = (trans.uBE[0]*4)+BAT_OUT; // usually output only 2 digits
DisplayValue(cap.cval,-3,'V',2); // Display 2 Digits of this 10mV units
lcd_space();
#endif
#if (BAT_POOR > 12000)

#warning "Battery POOR level is set very high!"
#endif
#if (BAT_POOR < 2500)
#warning "Battery POOR level is set very low!"
#endif
#if (BAT_POOR > 5300)

// use .8 V difference to Warn-Level
#define WARN_LEVEL (((unsigned long)(BAT_POOR+800)*(unsigned long)33)/133)
#elif (BAT_POOR > 3249)
// less than 5.4 V only .4V difference to Warn-Level
#elif (BAT_POOR > 1299)
#else
#endif
#define POOR_LEVEL (((unsigned long)(BAT_POOR)*(unsigned long)33)/133)
// check the battery voltage

if (trans.uBE[0] < WARN_LEVEL) {
// Vcc < 7,3V; show Warning

if(trans.uBE[0] < POOR_LEVEL) {
// Vcc <6,3V; no proper operation is possible
lcd_fix_string(BatEmpty); // Battery empty!
wait_about2s();
PORTD = 0; // switch power off
return;
}
lcd_fix_string(BatWeak); // Battery weak

} else { // Battery-voltage OK
lcd_fix_string(OK_str); // "OK"
}
#else
lcd_fix2_string(VERSION_str); // if no Battery check, Version .. in row 1
#endif
#ifdef WDT_enabled
//wdt_enable(WDTO_2S); // Watchdog on
#endif
//wait_about1s(); // add more time for reading batterie voltage
// begin tests
#ifdef AUTO_RH
RefVoltage(); // compute RHmultip = f(reference voltage)
#endif

if (WithReference) {
// 2.5V precision reference is checked OK
if ((mess_count == 0) && (empty_count == 0)) {
// display VCC= only first time
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix_string(VCC_str); // VCC=
DisplayValue(ADCconfig.U_AVCC,-3,'V',3); // Display 3 Digits of this mV
units
//lcd_space();
//DisplayValue(RRpinMI,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,4);
wait_about1s();
}
}
#endif
#ifdef WITH_VEXT
// show the external voltage
while (!(ON_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {
lcd_line2();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix_string(Vext_str); // Vext=
ADC_DDR = 0; // deactivate Software-UART
trans.uBE[1] = W5msReadADC(TPext); // read external voltage
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // activate Software-UART
#ifdef WITH_UART
uart_newline(); // start of new measurement
#endif
DisplayValue(trans.uBE[1]*10,-3,'V',3); // Display 3 Digits of this mV units

wait_about300ms();
}
#endif
lcd_line2(); // LCD position row 2, column 1

lcd_fix_string(TestRunning); // String: testing...
#ifndef DebugOut
lcd_line2(); // LCD position row 2, column 1
#endif
EntladePins(); // discharge all capacitors!
if(PartFound == PART_CELL) {
lcd_clear();
lcd_fix_string(Cell_str); // display "Cell!"
goto end2;
}
#ifdef CHECK_CALL
AutoCheck(); // check, if selftest should be done
#endif
// check all 6 combinations for the 3 pins

// High Low Tri
CheckPins(TP1, TP2, TP3);
// separate check if is is a capacitor

if(((PartFound == PART_NONE) || (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR) || (PartFound ==
PART_DIODE)) ) {
EntladePins(); // discharge capacities
// measurement of capacities in all 3 combinations
cap.cval_max = 0; // set max to zero
cap.cpre_max = -12; // set max to pF unit
ReadCapacity(TP3, TP1);

ReadInductance(); // measure inductance
#endif
}
// All checks are done, output result to display

lcd_clear();
if(PartFound == PART_DIODE) {
if(NumOfDiodes == 1) { // single Diode
//lcd_fix_string(Diode); // "Diode: "

// enough memory to sort the pins

// the higher test pin number is left side
if (diodes[0].Anode > diodes[0].Cathode) {
lcd_testpin(diodes[0].Anode);
lcd_fix_string(AnKat); // "->|-"
lcd_testpin(diodes[0].Cathode);
} else {
lcd_fix_string(KatAn); // "-|<-"
}
#else
// the higher test pin number is right side
if (diodes[0].Anode < diodes[0].Cathode) {
} else {
}
#endif
#else
// too less memory to sort the pins
#endif

GetIr(diodes[0].Cathode,diodes[0].Anode);
#endif
UfOutput(0x70);
// load current of capacity is (5V-1.1V)/(470000 Ohm) = 8298nA
lcd_fix_string(GateCap_str); // "C="
ReadCapacity(diodes[0].Cathode,diodes[0].Anode); // Capacity opposite flow
direction
DisplayValue(cap.cval,cap.cpre,'F',3);
goto end;
} else if(NumOfDiodes == 2) { // double diode

lcd_data('2');
lcd_fix_string(Diodes); // "diodes "
if(diodes[0].Anode == diodes[1].Anode) { //Common Anode

UfOutput(0x01);
goto end;
} else if(diodes[0].Cathode == diodes[1].Cathode) { //Common Cathode

UfOutput(0x01);
goto end;
} else if ((diodes[0].Cathode == diodes[1].Anode) && (diodes[1].Cathode ==

diodes[0].Anode)) {
// Antiparallel
UfOutput(0x01);
goto end;
}
} else if(NumOfDiodes == 3) {
// Serial of 2 Diodes; was detected as 3 Diodes
trans.b = 3;
trans.c = 3;
// Check for any constallation of 2 serial diodes:

// Only once the pin No of anyone Cathode is identical of another anode.
// two diodes in series is additionally detected as third big diode.
if(diodes[0].Cathode == diodes[1].Anode) {
trans.b = 0;
trans.c = 1;
}
if(diodes[0].Anode == diodes[1].Cathode) {
trans.b = 1;
trans.c = 0;
}
trans.b = 0;
trans.c = 2;
}
trans.b = 2;
trans.c = 0;
}
trans.b = 1;
trans.c = 2;
}
trans.b = 2;
trans.c = 1;
}
#if DebugOut == 4
lcd_line3();
lcd_data(':');
lcd_space();
lcd_string(utoa(diodes[0].Voltage, outval, 10));
lcd_space();
lcd_data(':');
lcd_space();
lcd_line4();
lcd_data(':');
lcd_space();
lcd_line1();
#endif
if((trans.b < 3) && (trans.c < 3)) {

lcd_data('3');
lcd_fix_string(Diodes); // "Diodes "
lcd_testpin(diodes[trans.b].Anode);
lcd_testpin(diodes[trans.b].Cathode);
lcd_testpin(diodes[trans.c].Cathode);
UfOutput( (trans.b<<4)|trans.c);
goto end;
}
}
// end (PartFound == PART_DIODE)
} else if (PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR) {

if(PartReady != 0) {
if((trans.hfe[0]>trans.hfe[1])) {
// if the amplification factor was higher at first testr: swap C and E !
tmp = trans.c;
trans.c = trans.e;
trans.e = tmp;
} else {
trans.hfe[0] = trans.hfe[1];
trans.uBE[0] = trans.uBE[1];
}
}
if(PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) {
lcd_fix_string(NPN_str); // "NPN "
} else {
lcd_fix_string(PNP_str); // "PNP "
}
if( NumOfDiodes > 2) { // Transistor with protection diode
#ifdef EBC_STYLE
// Layout with 321= style
if (((PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) && (trans.c < trans.e)) || ((PartMode !=
PART_MODE_NPN) && (trans.c > trans.e)))
#else
// Layout with EBC= style
if(PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN)
#endif
#else
if (((PartMode == PART_MODE_NPN) && (trans.c > trans.e)) || ((PartMode !=
PART_MODE_NPN) && (trans.c < trans.e)))
#endif
{
} else {
}
}
PinLayout('E','B','C'); // EBC= or 123=...

lcd_fix_string(hfe_str); // "B=" (hFE)
DisplayValue(trans.hfe[0],0,0,3);
lcd_space();
lcd_fix_string(Uf_str); // "Uf="
DisplayValue(trans.uBE[0],-3,'V',3);
goto end;
// end (PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR)
} else if (PartFound == PART_FET) { // JFET or MOSFET
if(PartMode&1) {
lcd_data('P'); // P-channel
} else {
lcd_data('N'); // N-channel
}
lcd_data('-');
tmp = PartMode/2;
if (tmp == (PART_MODE_N_D_MOS/2)) {
lcd_data('D'); // N-D
}
if (tmp == (PART_MODE_N_E_MOS/2)) {
lcd_data('E'); // N-E
}
if (tmp == (PART_MODE_N_JFET/2)) {
lcd_fix_string(jfet_str); // "JFET"
} else {
lcd_fix_string(mosfet_str); // "-MOS "
}
PinLayout('S','G','D'); // SGD= or 123=...
if((NumOfDiodes > 0) && (PartMode < PART_MODE_N_D_MOS)) {

// MOSFET with protection diode; only with enhancement-FETs
#ifdef EBC_STYLE
// layout with 321= style
if (((PartMode&1) && (trans.c > trans.e)) || ((!(PartMode&1)) && (trans.c
< trans.e)))
#else
// Layout with SGD= style
if (PartMode&1) // N or P MOS
#endif
#else
// layout with 123= style
if (((PartMode&1) && (trans.c < trans.e)) || ((!(PartMode&1)) && (trans.c >
trans.e)))
#endif
{
lcd_data(LCD_CHAR_DIODE1); // show Diode symbol >|
} else {
lcd_data(LCD_CHAR_DIODE2); // show Diode symbol |<
}
}
if(PartMode < PART_MODE_N_D_MOS) { // enhancement-MOSFET

// Gate capacity
lcd_fix_string(GateCap_str); // "C="
ReadCapacity(trans.b,trans.e); // measure capacity
lcd_fix_string(vt_str); // "Vt="
} else {
lcd_data('I');
lcd_data('=');
DisplayValue(trans.uBE[1],-5,'A',2);
lcd_fix_string(Vgs_str); // " Vgs="
}
// Gate-threshold voltage
DisplayValue(gthvoltage,-3,'V',2);
goto end;
// end (PartFound == PART_FET)
} else if (PartFound == PART_THYRISTOR) {

lcd_fix_string(Thyristor); // "Thyristor"
goto gakOutput;
} else if (PartFound == PART_TRIAC) {

lcd_fix_string(Triac); // "Triac"
goto gakOutput;
} else if(PartFound == PART_RESISTOR) {

if (ResistorsFound == 1) { // single resistor
lcd_testpin(resis[0].rb); // Pin-number 1
lcd_fix_string(Resistor_str);
lcd_testpin(resis[0].ra); // Pin-number 2
} else { // R-Max suchen
ii = 0;
if (resis[1].rx > resis[0].rx)
ii = 1;
if (ResistorsFound == 2) {
ii = 2;
} else {
if (resis[2].rx > resis[ii].rx)
ii = 2;
}
char x = '1';
char y = '3';
char z = '2';
if (ii == 1) {
//x = '1';
y = '2';
z = '3';
}
if (ii == 2) {
x = '2';
y = '1';
z = '3';
}
lcd_data(x);
lcd_fix_string(Resistor_str); // "-[=]-"
lcd_data(y);
lcd_fix_string(Resistor_str); // "-[=]-"
lcd_data(z);
}
if (ResistorsFound == 1) {
RvalOut(0);

if (resis[0].lx != 0) {
// resistor have also Inductance
lcd_fix_string(Lis_str); // "L="
DisplayValue(resis[0].lx,resis[0].lpre,'H',3); // output inductance
}
#endif
} else {
// output resistor values in right order
if (ii == 0) {
RvalOut(1);
RvalOut(2);
}
if (ii == 1) {
RvalOut(0);
RvalOut(2);
}
if (ii == 2) {
RvalOut(0);
RvalOut(1);
}
}
goto end;
// end (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR)
// capacity measurement is wanted

} else if(PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR) {
//lcd_fix_string(Capacitor);
lcd_testpin(cap.ca); // Pin number 1
lcd_fix_string(CapZeich); // capacitor sign
lcd_testpin(cap.cb); // Pin number 2

GetVloss(); // get Voltage loss of capacitor
if (cap.v_loss != 0) {
lcd_fix_string(VLOSS_str); // " Vloss="
DisplayValue(cap.v_loss,-1,'%',2);
}
#endif
DisplayValue(cap.cval_max,cap.cpre_max,'F',4);

cap.esr = GetESR(cap.cb, cap.ca); // get ESR of capacitor
if (cap.esr < 65530) {
lcd_fix_string(ESR_str);
DisplayValue(cap.esr,-2,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,2);
}
#endif
goto end;
}
if(NumOfDiodes == 0) { // no diodes are found

lcd_fix_string(TestFailed1); // "No, unknown, or"
lcd_fix_string(TestFailed2); // "damaged "
lcd_fix_string(Component); // "part"
} else {
lcd_fix_string(Component); // "part"
lcd_fix_string(Unknown); // " unknown"
lcd_fix_string(OrBroken); // "or damaged "
lcd_data(NumOfDiodes + '0');
}
empty_count++;
mess_count = 0;
goto end2;
gakOutput:
PinLayout(Cathode_char,'G','A'); // CGA= or 123=...
//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
end:
empty_count = 0; // reset counter, if part is found
mess_count++; // count measurements
end2:
//ADC_DDR = (1<<TPREF) | TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference to GND, release
relay
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference to GND, release
relay
goto start;
while(!(ON_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))); // wait ,until button is released

wait_about200ms();
// wait 14 seconds or 5 seconds (if repeat function)
for(gthvoltage = 0;gthvoltage<display_time;gthvoltage+=10) {
if(!(ON_PIN_REG & (1<<RST_PIN))) {
// If the key is pressed again...
// goto start of measurement
goto start;
}
wdt_reset();
wait_about10ms();
}
#ifdef POWER_OFF
#if POWER_OFF > 127
#define POWER2_OFF 255
#else
#define POWER2_OFF POWER_OFF*2
#endif
#if POWER_OFF+0 > 1

if ((empty_count < POWER_OFF) && (mess_count < POWER2_OFF)) {
goto start; // repeat measurement POWER_OFF times
}
#endif
// only one Measurement requested, shut off

//MCUSR = 0;
ON_PORT &= ~(1<<ON_PIN); // switch off power
// never ending loop
while(1) {
// The statement is only reached if no auto off equipment is installed
goto start;
}
wdt_reset();
wait_about10ms();
}
#else
goto start; // POWER_OFF not selected, repeat measurement
#endif
return;
} // end main
//******************************************************************
// output of flux voltage for 1-2 diodes in row 2
// bcdnum = Numbers of both Diodes:
// higher 4 Bit number of first Diode
// lower 4 Bit number of second Diode (Structure diodes[nn])
// if number >= 3 no output is done
void UfOutput(uint8_t bcdnum) {
lcd_fix_string(Uf_str); // "Uf="
mVOutput(bcdnum >> 4);
mVOutput(bcdnum & 0x0f);
}
void mVOutput(uint8_t nn) {

if (nn < 3) {
// Output in mV units
DisplayValue(diodes[nn].Voltage,-3,'V',3);
lcd_space();
}
}
void RvalOut(uint8_t ii) {

// output of resistor value

uint16_t rr;
if ((resis[ii].rx < 100) && (resis[0].lx == 0)) {
rr = GetESR(resis[ii].ra,resis[ii].rb);
DisplayValue(rr,-2,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
} else {
DisplayValue(resis[ii].rx,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,4);
}
#else
DisplayValue(resis[ii].rx,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,4);
#endif
lcd_space();
}
//******************************************************************
void ChargePin10ms(uint8_t PinToCharge, uint8_t ChargeDirection) {

// Load the specified pin to the specified direction with 680 Ohm for 10ms.
// Will be used by discharge of MOSFET Gates or to load big capacities.
// Parameters:
// PinToCharge: specifies the pin as mask for R-Port
// ChargeDirection: 0 = switch to GND (N-Kanal-FET), 1= switch to VCC(P-Kanal-
FET)
if(ChargeDirection&1) {
R_PORT |= PinToCharge; // R_PORT to 1 (VCC)
} else {
R_PORT &= ~PinToCharge; // or 0 (GND)
}
R_DDR |= PinToCharge; // switch Pin to output, across R to GND or VCC
wait_about10ms(); // wait about 10ms
// switch back Input, no current
R_DDR &= ~PinToCharge; // switch back to input
R_PORT &= ~PinToCharge; // no Pull up
}
// first discharge any charge of capacitors

void EntladePins() {
uint8_t adc_gnd; // Mask of ADC-outputs, which can be directly connected to
GND
unsigned int adcmv[3]; // voltages of 3 Pins in mV
unsigned int clr_cnt; // Clear Counter
uint8_t lop_cnt; // loop counter
// max. time of discharge in ms (10000/20) == 10s

#define MAX_ENTLADE_ZEIT (10000/20)
for(lop_cnt=0;lop_cnt<10;lop_cnt++) {
adc_gnd = TXD_MSK; // put all ADC to Input
ADC_DDR = adc_gnd;
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // ADC-outputs auf 0
R_PORT = 0; // R-outputs auf 0
R_DDR = (2<<(TP3*2)) | (2<<(TP2*2)) | (2<<(TP1*2)); // R_H for all Pins to GND
adcmv[0] = W5msReadADC(TP1); // which voltage has Pin 1?

adcmv[1] = ReadADC(TP2); // which voltage has Pin 2?
if ((PartFound == PART_CELL) || (adcmv[0] < CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL)

& (adcmv[1] < CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL)
& (adcmv[2] < CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL)) {
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch all ADC-Pins to input
R_DDR = 0; // switch all R_L Ports (and R_H) to input
return; // all is discharged
}
// all Pins with voltage lower than 1V can be connected directly to GND (ADC-
Port)
if (adcmv[0] < 1000) {
adc_gnd |= (1<<TP1); // Pin 1 directly to GND
}
if (adcmv[1] < 1000) {
}
if (adcmv[2] < 1000) {
}
ADC_DDR = adc_gnd; // switch all selected ADC-Ports at the same time
// additionally switch the leaving Ports with R_L to GND.

// since there is no disadvantage for the already directly switched pins, we
can
// simply switch all R_L resistors to GND
R_DDR = (1<<(TP3*2)) | (1<<(TP2*2)) | (1<<(TP1*2)); // Pins across R_L
resistors to GND
for(clr_cnt=0;clr_cnt<MAX_ENTLADE_ZEIT;clr_cnt++) {
wdt_reset();
adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1); // which voltage has Pin 1?
if (adcmv[0] < 1300) {

ADC_DDR |= (1<<TP1); // below 1.3V , switch directly with ADC-Port to GND
}
if (adcmv[1] < 1300) {
ADC_DDR |= (1<<TP2); // below 1.3V, switch directly with ADC-Port to GND
}
if (adcmv[2] < 1300) {
ADC_DDR |= (1<<TP3); // below 1.3V, switch directly with ADC-Port to GND
}
if ((adcmv[0] < (CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL+2)) && (adcmv[1] < (CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL+2)) &&
(adcmv[2] < (CAP_EMPTY_LEVEL+2))) {
break;
}
}
if (clr_cnt == MAX_ENTLADE_ZEIT) {
PartFound = PART_CELL; // mark as Battery
// there is charge on capacitor, warn later!
}
for(adcmv[0]=0;adcmv[0]<clr_cnt;adcmv[0]++) {
// for safety, discharge 5% of discharge time
wait1ms();
}
} // end for lop_cnt
}
#ifdef AUTO_RH
void RefVoltage(void) {
// RefVoltage interpolates table RHtab corresponding to voltage ref_mv .
// RHtab contain the factors to get capacity from load time with 470k for
// different Band gab reference voltages.
// for remember:
// resistor 470000 Ohm 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 mV
// uint16_t RHTAB[] MEM_TEXT = { 954, 903, 856, 814, 775, 740, 707, 676, 648};
#define Ref_Tab_Abstand 50 // displacement of table is 50mV

#define Ref_Tab_Beginn 1000 // begin of table is 1000mV
unsigned int referenz;

unsigned int y1, y2;
uint8_t tabind;
uint8_t tabres;
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
referenz = ref_mv + (int16_t)eeprom_read_word((uint16_t *)(&ref_offset));
#else
referenz = ref_mv + REF_C_KORR;
#endif
if (referenz >= Ref_Tab_Beginn) {

referenz -= Ref_Tab_Beginn;
} else {
referenz = 0; // limit to begin of table
}
tabind = referenz / Ref_Tab_Abstand;

tabres = referenz % Ref_Tab_Abstand;
tabres = Ref_Tab_Abstand-tabres;
if (tabind > 7) {
tabind = 7; // limit to end of table
}
// interpolate the table of factors

y1 = pgm_read_word(&RHtab[tabind]);
y2 = pgm_read_word(&RHtab[tabind+1]);
// RHmultip is the interpolated factor to compute capacity from load time with
470k
RHmultip = ((y1 - y2) * tabres + (Ref_Tab_Abstand/2)) / Ref_Tab_Abstand + y2;
}
#endif
#ifdef LCD_CLEAR
void lcd_clear_line(void) {
// writes 20 spaces to LCD-Display, Cursor must be positioned to first column
unsigned char ll;
for (ll=0;ll<20;ll++) {
lcd_space();
}
}
#endif
/* ************************************************************************
* display of values and units
* ************************************************************************ */
/*
* display value and unit
* - max. 4 digits excluding "." and unit
*
* requires:
* - value
* - exponent of factor related to base unit (value * 10^x)
* e.g: p = 10^-12 -> -12
* - unit character (0 = none)
* digits = 2, 3 or 4
*/
void DisplayValue(unsigned long Value, int8_t Exponent, unsigned char Unit,
unsigned char digits)
{
char OutBuffer[15];
unsigned int Limit;
unsigned char Prefix; // prefix character
uint8_t Offset; // exponent of offset to next 10^3 step
uint8_t Index; // index ID
uint8_t Length; // string length
Limit = 100; // scale value down to 2 digits

if (digits == 3) Limit = 1000; // scale value down to 3 digits
if (digits == 4) Limit = 10000; // scale value down to 4 digits
while (Value >= Limit)
{
Value += 5; // for automatic rounding
Value = Value / 10; // scale down by 10^1
Exponent++; // increase exponent by 1
}
// determine prefix
Length = Exponent + 12;

if ((int8_t)Length < 0) Length = 0; // Limit to minimum prefix
if (Length > 18) Length = 18; // Limit to maximum prefix
Index = Length / 3;
Offset = Length % 3;
if (Offset > 0)
{
Index++; // adjust index for exponent offset, take next prefix
Offset = 3 - Offset; // reverse value (1 or 2)
}
#ifdef NO_NANO
if (Index == 1)
{ // use no nano
Index++; // use mikro instead of nano
Offset += 3; // can be 3,4 or 5
}
#endif
Prefix = MEM_read_byte((uint8_t *)(&PrefixTab[Index])); // look up prefix in

table
// display value
// convert value into string

utoa((unsigned int)Value, OutBuffer, 10);
Length = strlen(OutBuffer);
// position of dot
Exponent = Length - Offset; // calculate position
if (Exponent <= 0) // we have to prepend "0."

{
// 0: factor 10 / -1: factor 100
//lcd_data('0');
lcd_data('.');
#ifdef NO_NANO
while (Exponent < 0)
{
lcd_data('0'); // extra 0 for factor 10
Exponent++;
}
#else
if (Exponent < 0) lcd_data('0'); // extra 0 for factor 100
#endif
}
if (Offset == 0) Exponent = -1; // disable dot if not needed

// adjust position to array or disable dot if set to 0
//Exponent--;
// display value and add dot if requested

Index = 0;
while (Index < Length) // loop through string
{
lcd_data(OutBuffer[Index]); // display char
Index++; // next one
if (Index == Exponent) {
lcd_data('.'); // display dot
}
}
// display prefix and unit

if (Prefix != 0) lcd_data(Prefix);
if (Unit) lcd_data(Unit);
}
// set the processor to sleep state
// wake up will be done with compare match interrupt of counter 2
void sleep_5ms(uint16_t pause){
// pause is the delay in 5ms units
uint8_t t2_offset;
#define RESTART_DELAY_US (RESTART_DELAY_TICS/(F_CPU/1000000UL))

// for 8 MHz crystal the Restart delay is 16384/8 = 2048us
while (pause > 0) {
#if 3000 > RESTART_DELAY_US

if (pause > 1) {
// Startup time is too long with 1MHz Clock!!!!
t2_offset = (10000 - RESTART_DELAY_US) / T2_PERIOD; // set to 10ms above
the actual counter
pause -= 2;
} else {
t2_offset = (5000 - RESTART_DELAY_US) / T2_PERIOD; // set to 5ms above the
actual counter
pause = 0;
}
OCR2A = TCNT2 + t2_offset; // set the compare value

TIMSK2 = (0<<OCIE2B) | (1<<OCIE2A) | (0<<TOIE2); // enable output compare
match A interrupt
set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_PWR_SAVE);
//set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_IDLE);
sleep_mode();
// wake up after output compare match interrupt
#else
// restart delay ist too long, use normal delay of 5ms
wait5ms();
#endif
wdt_reset();
}
TIMSK2 = (0<<OCIE2B) | (0<<OCIE2A) | (0<<TOIE2); // disable output compare match

A interrupt
}
#endif
// show the Pin Layout of the device

void PinLayout(char pin1, char pin2, char pin3) {
// pin1-3 is EBC or SGD or CGA
#ifndef EBC_STYLE
lcd_fix_string(N123_str); // " 123="
for (ii=0;ii<3;ii++) {
if (ii == trans.e) lcd_data(pin1); // Output Character in right order
if (ii == trans.b) lcd_data(pin2);
if (ii == trans.c) lcd_data(pin3);
}
#else
lcd_fix_string(N321_str); // " 321="
ii = 3;
while (ii != 0) {
ii--;
if (ii == trans.e) lcd_data(pin1); // Output Character in right order
if (ii == trans.b) lcd_data(pin2);
if (ii == trans.c) lcd_data(pin3);
}
#else
// Layout with EBC= style
lcd_space();
lcd_data(pin1);
lcd_data(pin2);
lcd_data(pin3);
lcd_data('=');
lcd_testpin(trans.e);
lcd_testpin(trans.b);
lcd_testpin(trans.c);
#endif
#endif
}
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
void AutoCheck(void) {
uint8_t tt; // number of running test

uint8_t ww; // counter for repeating the tests
int adcmv[7];
uint16_t u680; // 3 * (Voltage at 680 Ohm)
// define the maximum count of repetitions MAX_REP

#define MAX_REP 4
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
uint8_t cap_found; // counter for found capacitor
#ifdef AUTOSCALE_ADC
int8_t udiff; // difference between ADC Voltage with VCC or Bandgap
reference
int8_t udiff2;
#endif
#endif
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK;
#define RequireShortedProbes
if (AllProbesShorted() != 3) return;
lcd_clear();
lcd_fix_string(SELFTEST); // "Selftest mode.."
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix2_string(R0_str); // "R0="
eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[2]), (int8_t)0); // clear zero

offset
offset
offset
adcmv[0] = GetESR(TP3, TP1);

DisplayValue(adcmv[0],-2,' ',3);
DisplayValue(adcmv[1],-2,' ',3);
DisplayValue(adcmv[2],-2,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
if (adcmv[0] < 60) {

eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[2]), (int8_t)adcmv[0]); // fix
zero offset
}
if (adcmv[1] < 60) {
zero offset
}
if (adcmv[2] < 60) {
zero offset
}
for(tt=0; tt<12; tt++) {

wait_about500ms();

// if key is pressed, don't repeat
break;
}
} // end for tt
#define TEST_COUNT 8
for(tt=1; tt<TEST_COUNT; tt++) { // loop for all Tests

for(ww=0; ww<MAX_REP; ww++) { // repeat the test MAX_REP times
lcd_line2(); // Cursor to column 1, row 2
lcd_clear_line(); // clear total line
lcd_clear_line(); // clear total line
lcd_data('T'); // output the Testmode "T"
lcd_string(utoa(tt, outval, 10)); // output Test number
lcd_space();
if (tt == 1) { // output of reference voltage and factors for capacity

measurement
Calibrate_UR(); // get Reference voltage, Pin resistance
lcd_fix2_string(URefT); // "URef="
DisplayValue(ref_mv,-3,'V',4);
lcd_fix2_string(RHfakt); // "RHf="
lcd_string(utoa(RHmultip, outval, 10));
ADCconfig.Samples = 190; // set number of ADC reads near to maximum
}
if (tt == 2) { // how equal are the RL resistors?

u680 = ((long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL) / (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL +
R_L_VAL + PIN_RP));
R_PORT = 1<<(TP1*2); // RL1 to VCC
R_DDR = (1<<(TP1*2)) | (1<<(TP2*2)); // RL2 to -
adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1);
adcmv[0] -= u680;
R_DDR = (1<<(TP1*2)) | (1<<(TP3*2)); // RL3 to -
adcmv[1] -= u680;
R_PORT = 1<<(TP2*2); // RL2 to VCC
R_DDR = (1<<(TP2*2)) | (1<<(TP3*2)); // RL3 to -
adcmv[2] -= u680;
lcd_fix_string(RLRL); // "RLRL"
}
if (tt == 3) { // how equal are the RH resistors

R_PORT = 2<<(TP1*2); // RH1 to VCC
R_DDR = (2<<(TP1*2)) | (2<<(TP2*2)); // RH2 to -
adcmv[3] = ADCconfig.U_AVCC / 2;
adcmv[0] -= adcmv[3];
R_DDR = (2<<(TP1*2)) | (2<<(TP3*2)); // RH3 to -
R_DDR = (2<<(TP2*2)) | (2<<(TP3*2)); // RH3 to -
lcd_fix_string(RHRH); // "RHRH"
}
if (tt == 4) { // Text release probes

lcd_fix_string(RELPROBE); // "Release Probes"
if (AllProbesShorted() != 0) ww = MAX_REP-2;
}
if (tt == 5) { // can we switch the ADC pins to GND across R_H resistor?
R_PORT = 0;
R_DDR = 2<<(TP1*2); // Pin 1 over R_H to GND


lcd_fix_string(RH1L); // "RH_Lo="
}
if (tt == 6) { // can we switch the ADC pins to VCC across the R_H resistor?
R_DDR = 2<<(TP1*2); // Pin 1 over R_H to VCC
R_PORT = 2<<(TP1*2);
adcmv[0] = W20msReadADC(TP1) - ADCconfig.U_AVCC;
R_PORT = 2<<(TP2*2);
R_PORT = 2<<(TP3*2);
lcd_fix_string(RH1H); // "RH_Hi="
}
if (tt == 7) { // can we switch the ADC pins to VCC across the R_H resistor?
u680 = ((long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL) / (PIN_RM + R_L_VAL +
R_H_VAL*100));
R_DDR = (2<<(TP1*2)) | (1<<(TP1*2)); // RH1 to +, RL1 to -
adcmv[0] -= u680;
adcmv[1] -= u680;
adcmv[2] -= u680;
lcd_fix_string(RHRL); // "RH/RL"
}
if (tt > 1) { // output 3 voltages

lcd_string(itoa(adcmv[0], outval, 10)); // output voltage 1
lcd_space();
lcd_space();
}
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // all-Pins to Input

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // all ADC-Ports to GND
R_DDR = 0; // all R-Ports to Input
R_PORT = 0;

break;
}
wait_about500ms();

break;
}
wait_about500ms();
} // end for ww
wait_about1s();
} // end for tt
lcd_clear();
lcd_fix_string(RIHI); // "RiHi="
DisplayValue(RRpinPL,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix_string(RILO); // "RiLo="
DisplayValue(RRpinMI,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3);
wait_about2s();
//measure Zero offset for Capacity measurement

adcmv[3] = 0;
PartFound = PART_NONE;
adcmv[5] = (unsigned int) cap.cval_uncorrected.dw; // save capacity value of
empty Pin 1:3
empty Pin 2:3
empty Pin 1:2
empty Pin 3:1
empty Pin 3:2
empty Pin 2:1
lcd_clear();
lcd_fix_string(C0_str); // output "C0 "
DisplayValue(adcmv[5],0,' ',3); // output cap0 1:3
DisplayValue(adcmv[6],0,' ',3); // output cap0 2:3
DisplayValue(adcmv[2],-12,'F',3); // output cap0 1:2
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
for (ww=0;ww<7;ww++) {
if (adcmv[ww] > 70) goto no_c0save;
}
for (ww=0;ww<7;ww++) {
// write all zero offsets to the EEprom
(void) eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&c_zero_tab[ww]),adcmv[ww]+(COMP_SLEW1 /
(CC0 + CABLE_CAP + COMP_SLEW2)));
}
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix_string(OK_str); // output "OK"
no_c0save:
#endif
wait_about2s();
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
// Message C > 100nF
cap_found = 0;
for (ww=0; ww<64; ww++) {
lcd_clear();
lcd_data('1');
lcd_fix_string(CapZeich); // "-||-"
lcd_data('3');
lcd_fix2_string(MinCap_str); // " >100nF!"
// measure offset Voltage of analog Comparator for Capacity measurement
ReadCapacity(TP3, TP1); // look for capacitor > 100nF
while (cap.cpre < -9) {

cap.cpre++;
cap.cval /= 10;
}
if ((cap.cpre == -9) && (cap.cval > 95) && (cap.cval < 22000)) {
cap_found++;
} else {
cap_found = 0; // wait for stable connection
}
if (cap_found > 1) {
// value of capacitor is correct
(void) eeprom_write_word((uint16_t *)(&ref_offset), load_diff); // hold
zero offset + slew rate dependend offset
lcd_clear();
lcd_fix2_string(REF_C_str); // "REF_C="
lcd_string(itoa(load_diff, outval, 10)); // output REF_C_KORR
#if 0
// Test for switching level of the digital input of port TP3
for (ii=0;ii<8;ii++) {
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // ADC-Port 1 to GND
ADC_DDR = 1<<TP1 | TXD_MSK; // ADC-Pin 1 to output 0V
R_PORT = 2<<(TP3*2); // Pin 3 over R_H to VCC
while (1) {
wdt_reset();
if ((ADC_PIN&(1<<TP3)) == (1<<TP3)) break;
}
R_DDR = 0; // Pin 3 without current

R_PORT = 0;
adcmv[0] = ReadADC(TP3);
lcd_line3();
DisplayValue(adcmv[0],-3,'V',4);
while (1) {
wdt_reset();
if ((ADC_PIN&(1<<TP3)) != (1<<TP3)) break;
}
R_DDR = 0; // Pin 3 without current

lcd_line4();
DisplayValue(adcmv[0],-3,'V',4);
wait_about1s();
}
#endif
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // ADC-Port 1 to GND
do {
} while (adcmv[0] > 980);
R_DDR = 0; // all Pins to input
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = 0; // do not use internal Ref

adcmv[0] = ReadADC(TP3); // get cap voltage with VCC reference
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = ADC_internal_reference;
adcmv[1] = ReadADC(TP3); // get cap voltage with internal reference
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = 0; // do not use internal Ref
adcmv[2] = ReadADC(TP3); // get cap voltage with VCC reference
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = ADC_internal_reference;
udiff = (int8_t)(((signed long)(adcmv[0] + adcmv[2] - adcmv[1] -

adcmv[1])) * ADC_internal_reference / (2*adcmv[1]))+REF_R_KORR;
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix2_string(REF_R_str); // "REF_R="
udiff2 = udiff + (int8_t)eeprom_read_byte((uint8_t *)(&RefDiff));

(void) eeprom_write_byte((uint8_t *)(&RefDiff), (uint8_t)udiff2); // hold
offset for true reference Voltage
lcd_string(itoa(udiff2, outval, 10)); // output correction voltage

#endif
wait_about4s();
break;
}
lcd_line2();
wait_about200ms(); // wait additional time
} // end for ww
#endif
ADCconfig.Samples = ANZ_MESS; // set to configured number of ADC samples
lcd_clear();
lcd_line2();
lcd_fix2_string(VERSION_str); // "Version ..."
lcd_line1();
lcd_fix_string(ATE); // "Selftest End"
#ifdef FREQUENCY_50HZ
//#define TEST_SLEEP_MODE // only select for checking the sleep delay
lcd_fix_string(T50HZ); // " 50Hz"
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = 1<<TP1 | TXD_MSK; // Pin 1 to GND
R_DDR = (1<<(TP3*2)) | (1<<(TP2*2));
for(ww=0;ww<30;ww++) { // repeat the signal up to 30 times (1 minute)

for (ii=0;ii<100;ii++) { // for 2 s generate 50 Hz
R_PORT = (1<<(TP2*2)); // Pin 2 over R_L to VCC, Pin 3 over R_L to GND
#ifdef TEST_SLEEP_MODE
sleep_5ms(2); // test of timing of sleep mode call
#else
wait10ms(); // normal delay
#endif
R_PORT = (1<<(TP3*2)); // Pin 3 over R_L to VCC, Pin 2 over R_L to GND
#ifdef TEST_SLEEP_MODE
sleep_5ms(2); // test of timing of sleep mode call
#else
wait10ms(); // normal delay
#endif
wdt_reset();
}

break;
}
}
#endif
wait_about1s();
#endif
}
#ifdef RequireShortedProbes
/*
* check for a short circuit between two probes
* from Markus R.
*
* requires:
* - ID of first probe (0-2)
* - ID of second probe (0-2)
*
* returns:
* - 0 if not shorted
* - 1 if shorted
*/
uint8_t ShortedProbes(uint8_t Probe1, uint8_t Probe2)

{
uint8_t Flag1 = 0; // return value
unsigned int U1; // voltage at probe #1 in mV
unsigned int U2; // voltage at probe #2 in mV
unsigned int URH; // half of reference voltage
// Set up a voltage divider between the two probes:

// - Probe1: Rl pull-up
// - Probe2: Rl pull-down
R_PORT = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[Probe1]);
R_DDR = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[Probe1]) | pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[Probe2]);
// read voltages
U1 = ReadADC(Probe1);
U2 = ReadADC(Probe2);
// We expect both probe voltages to be about the same and

// to be half of Vcc (allowed difference +/- 20mV).
URH = ADCconfig.U_AVCC / 2;
if ((U1 > URH - 20) && (U1 < URH + 20))
{
if ((U2 > URH - 20) && (U2 < URH + 20))
{
Flag1 = 1;
}
}
// reset port
R_DDR = 0;
return Flag1;
}
/*
* check for a short circuit between all probes
* from Markus R.
*
* returns:
* - 0 if no probes are short-circuited
* - number of probe pairs short-circuited (3 = all)
*/
uint8_t AllProbesShorted(void)
{
uint8_t Flag2; // return value
// check all possible combinations
Flag2 = ShortedProbes(TP1, TP2);
Flag2 += ShortedProbes(TP1, TP3);
Flag2 += ShortedProbes(TP2, TP3);
return Flag2;
}
#endif
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
//******************************************************************
void CheckPins(uint8_t HighPin, uint8_t LowPin, uint8_t TristatePin) {
/*
Function for checking the characteristic of a component with the following pin
assignment
parameters:
HighPin: Pin, which will be switched to VCC at the beginning
LowPin: Pin, which will be switch to GND at the beginning
TristatePin: Pin, which will be undefined at the beginning
TristatePin will be switched to GND and VCC also .
*/
struct {
unsigned int lp_otr;
unsigned int hp1;
unsigned int hp2;
unsigned int hp3;
unsigned int lp1;
unsigned int lp2;
unsigned int tp1;
unsigned int tp2;
} adc;
uint8_t LoPinRL; // mask to switch the LowPin with R_L
uint8_t LoPinRH; // mask to switch the LowPin with R_H
uint8_t TriPinRL; // mask to switch the TristatePin with R_L
uint8_t TriPinRH; // mask to switch the TristatePin with R_H
uint8_t HiPinRL; // mask to switch the HighPin with RL
uint8_t HiPinRH; // mask to switch the HighPin with R_H
uint8_t HiADCp; // mask to switch the ADC port High-Pin
uint8_t LoADCp; // mask to switch the ADC port Low-Pin
uint8_t HiADCm; // mask to switch the ADC DDR port High-Pin
uint8_t LoADCm; // mask to switch the ADC DDR port Low-Pin
uint8_t PinMSK;
uint8_t ii; // temporary variable
#ifdef COMMON_EMITTER
unsigned int tmp16; // temporary variable
#else
#warning "without common emitter hFE"
#endif

int udiff;
#endif
unsigned long c_hfe; // amplification factor for common Collector (Emitter
follower)
#endif
struct resis_t *thisR;

unsigned long lrx1;
unsigned long lirx1;
unsigned long lirx2;
/*
switch HighPin directls to VCC
switch R_L port for LowPin to GND
TristatePin remains switched to input , no action required
*/
wdt_reset();
//#ifdef AUTO_CAL
// uint16_t resis680pl;
// uint16_t resis680mi;
// resis680pl = eeprom_read_word(&R680pl);
// resis680mi = eeprom_read_word(&R680mi);
// #define RR680PL resis680pl
// #define RR680MI resis680mi
//#else
// #define RR680PL (R_L_VAL + PIN_RP)
// #define RR680MI (R_L_VAL + PIN_RM)
//#endif
LoPinRL = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[LowPin]); // instruction for LowPin R_L

LoPinRH = LoPinRL + LoPinRL; // instruction for LowPin R_H
TriPinRL = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[TristatePin]); // instruction for TristatePin
R_L
TriPinRH = TriPinRL + TriPinRL; // instruction for TristatePin R_H
HiPinRL = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[HighPin]); // instruction for HighPin R_L
HiPinRH = HiPinRL + HiPinRL; // instruction for HighPin R_H
HiADCp = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[HighPin]); // instruction for ADC High-Pin

LoADCp = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[LowPin]); // instruction for ADC Low-Pin
HiADCm = HiADCp | TXD_MSK;
HiADCp |= TXD_VAL;
LoADCm = LoADCp | TXD_MSK;
LoADCp |= TXD_VAL;
// setting of Pins
R_PORT = 0; // resistor-Port outputs to 0
R_DDR = LoPinRL; // Low-Pin to output and across R_L to GND
ADC_DDR = HiADCm; // High-Pin to output
ADC_PORT = HiADCp; // High-Pin fix to Vcc
// for some MOSFET the gate (TristatePin) must be discharged

ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,0); // discharge for N-Kanal
adc.lp_otr = W5msReadADC(LowPin); // read voltage of Low-Pin
if (adc.lp_otr >= 977) { // no current now?
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,1); // else: discharge for P-channel (Gate to VCC)
adc.lp_otr = ReadADC(LowPin); // read voltage of Low-Pin again
}
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_line2();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line2();
#endif
//if(adc.lp_otr > 92) { // there is some current without TristatePin current

if(adc.lp_otr > 455) { // there is more than 650uA current without TristatePin
current
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_testpin(LowPin);
lcd_data('F');
lcd_testpin(HighPin);
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
// Test if N-JFET or if self-conducting N-MOSFET

R_DDR = LoPinRL | TriPinRH; // switch R_H for Tristate-Pin (probably Gate) to
GND
adc.lp1 = W20msReadADC(LowPin); // measure voltage at the assumed Source
adc.tp1 = ReadADC(TristatePin); // measure Gate voltage
R_PORT = TriPinRH; // switch R_H for Tristate-Pin (probably Gate) to VCC
adc.lp2 = W20msReadADC(LowPin); // measure voltage at the assumed Source again
// If it is a self-conducting MOSFET or JFET, then must be: adc.lp2 > adc.lp1

if (adc.lp2>(adc.lp1+488)) {
if (PartFound != PART_FET) {
// measure voltage at the Gate, differ between MOSFET and JFET
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // Low-Pin fix to GND
R_DDR = TriPinRH | HiPinRL; // High-Pin to output
R_PORT = TriPinRH | HiPinRL; // switch R_L for High-Pin to VCC
adc.lp2 = W20msReadADC(TristatePin); // read voltage of assumed Gate
if (adc.lp2>3911) { // MOSFET
PartFound = PART_FET; // N-Kanal-MOSFET
PartMode = PART_MODE_N_D_MOS; // Depletion-MOSFET
} else { // JFET (pn-passage between Gate and Source is conducting )
PartFound = PART_FET; // N-Kanal-JFET
PartMode = PART_MODE_N_JFET;
}
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_data('N');
lcd_data('J');
#endif
//if ((PartReady == 0) || (adc.lp1 > trans.uBE[0]))

// there is no way to find out the right Source / Drain
trans.uBE[0] = adc.lp1;
gthvoltage = adc.lp1 - adc.tp1; // voltage GS (Source - Gate)
trans.uBE[1] = (unsigned int)(((unsigned long)adc.lp1 * 1000) /
RR680MI); // Id 0.01mA
trans.b = TristatePin; // save Pin numbers found for this FET
trans.c = HighPin;
trans.e = LowPin;
}
}
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // direct outputs to GND

// Test, if P-JFET or if self-conducting P-MOSFET
ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // switch Low-Pin (assumed Drain) direct to GND,
// R_H for Tristate-Pin (assumed Gate) is already switched to VCC
R_DDR = TriPinRH | HiPinRL; // High-Pin to output
R_PORT = TriPinRH | HiPinRL; // High-Pin across R_L to Vcc
adc.hp1 = W20msReadADC(HighPin); // measure voltage at assumed Source
adc.tp1 = ReadADC(TristatePin); // measure Gate voltage
R_PORT = HiPinRL; // switch R_H for Tristate-Pin (assumed Gate) to GND
adc.hp2 = W20msReadADC(HighPin); // read voltage at assumed Source again
// if it is a self-conducting P_MOSFET or P-JFET , then must be: adc.hp1 >

adc.hp2
if (adc.hp1>(adc.hp2+488)) {
if (PartFound != PART_FET) {
// read voltage at the Gate , to differ between MOSFET and JFET
ADC_PORT = HiADCp; // switch High-Pin directly to VCC
ADC_DDR = HiADCm; // switch High-Pin to output
adc.tp2 = W20msReadADC(TristatePin); //read voltage at the assumed Gate
if (adc.tp2<977) { // MOSFET
PartFound = PART_FET; // P-Kanal-MOSFET
PartMode = PART_MODE_P_D_MOS; // Depletion-MOSFET
} else { // JFET (pn-passage between Gate and Source is conducting)
PartFound = PART_FET; // P-Kanal-JFET
PartMode = PART_MODE_P_JFET;
}
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_data('P');
lcd_data('J');
#endif
gthvoltage = adc.tp1 - adc.hp1; // voltage GS (Gate - Source)

trans.uBE[1] = (unsigned int)(((unsigned long)(ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.hp1)
* 1000) / RR680PL); // Id 0.01mA
trans.b = TristatePin; // save Pin numbers found for this FET
trans.c = LowPin;
trans.e = HighPin;
}
}
} // end component has current without TristatePin signal
// Test circuit with common collector (Emitter follower) PNP
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // Collector direct to GND
R_PORT = HiPinRL; // switch R_L port for HighPin (Emitter) to VCC
R_DDR = TriPinRL | HiPinRL; // Base resistor R_L to GND
adc.hp1 = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - W5msReadADC(HighPin); // voltage at the Emitter
resistor
adc.tp1 = ReadADC(TristatePin); // voltage at the base resistor
if (adc.tp1 < 10) {

R_DDR = TriPinRH | HiPinRL; // Tripin=RH-
adc.hp1 = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - W5msReadADC(HighPin);
adc.tp1 = ReadADC(TristatePin); // voltage at base resistor
#ifdef LONG_HFE
c_hfe = ((unsigned long)adc.hp1 * (unsigned long)(((unsigned long)R_H_VAL *
100) /
(unsigned int)RR680PL)) / (unsigned int)adc.tp1;
#else
c_hfe = ((adc.hp1 / ((RR680PL+500)/1000)) * (R_H_VAL/500)) / (adc.tp1/500);
#endif
} else {
c_hfe = (unsigned long)((adc.hp1 - adc.tp1) / adc.tp1);
}
#endif
// set Pins again for circuit with common Emitter PNP

R_DDR = LoPinRL; // switch R_L port for Low-Pin to output (GND)
R_PORT = 0; // switch all resistor ports to GND
ADC_PORT = HiADCp; // switch High-Pin to VCC
wait_about5ms();
if (adc.lp_otr < 977) {

// if the component has no connection between HighPin and LowPin
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_data('P');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
// Test to PNP
R_DDR = LoPinRL | TriPinRL; // switch R_L port for Tristate-Pin to output
(GND), for Test of PNP
adc.lp1 = W5msReadADC(LowPin); // measure voltage at LowPin
if (adc.lp1 > 3422) {

// component has current => PNP-Transistor or equivalent
// compute current amplification factor in both directions
R_DDR = LoPinRL | TriPinRH; // switch R_H port for Tristate-Pin (Base) to
output (GND)
adc.lp1 = W5msReadADC(LowPin); // measure voltage at LowPin (assumed

Collector)
adc.tp2 = ReadADC(TristatePin); // measure voltage at TristatePin (Base)
// check, if Test is done before

if ((PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR) || (PartFound == PART_FET)) {
PartReady = 1;
}
trans.uBE[PartReady] = ReadADC(HighPin) - adc.tp2; // Base Emitter Voltage
// compute current amplification factor for circuit with common Emitter

// hFE = B = Collector current / Base current
if(adc.tp2 < 53) {

#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_data('<');
lcd_data('5');
lcd_data('3');
#endif
adc.tp2 = 53;
}
tmp16 = adc.lp1;
if (tmp16 > adc.lp_otr) {

tmp16 -= adc.lp_otr;
}
#ifdef LONG_HFE
trans.hfe[PartReady] = ((unsigned int)tmp16 * (unsigned long)(((unsigned
long)R_H_VAL * 100) /
(unsigned int)RR680MI)) / (unsigned int)adc.tp2;
#else
trans.hfe[PartReady] = ((tmp16 / ((RR680MI+500)/1000)) * (R_H_VAL/500)) /
(adc.tp2/500);
#endif
#endif
// current amplification factor for common Collector (Emitter follower)
// c_hFE = (Emitter current - Base current) / Base current
if (c_hfe > trans.hfe[PartReady]) {
#endif
trans.hfe[PartReady] = c_hfe;
trans.uBE[PartReady] = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.hp1 - adc.tp1; // Base
Emitter Voltage common collector
}
#endif
#endif
if (PartFound != PART_THYRISTOR) {
if (adc.tp2 > 977) {
// PNP-Transistor is found (Base voltage moves to VCC)
PartFound = PART_TRANSISTOR;
PartMode = PART_MODE_PNP;
} else {
if ((adc.lp_otr < 97) && (adc.lp1 > 2000)) {
// is flow voltage low enough in the closed state?
// (since D-Mode-FET would be by mistake detected as E-Mode )
PartFound = PART_FET; // P-Kanal-MOSFET is found (Basis/Gate moves
not to VCC)
PartMode = PART_MODE_P_E_MOS;
// measure the Gate threshold voltage

// Switching of Drain is monitored with digital input
// Low level is specified up to 0.3 * VCC
// High level is specified above 0.6 * VCC
PinMSK = LoADCm & 7;
ADMUX = TristatePin | (1<<REFS0); // switch to TristatePin, Ref. VCC
gthvoltage = 1; // round up ((1*4)/9)
for(ii=0;ii<11;ii++) {
wdt_reset();
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,1);
R_DDR = LoPinRL | TriPinRH; // switch R_H for Tristate-Pin (Basis)
to GND
while (!(ADC_PIN&PinMSK)); // Wait, until the MOSFET switches and

Drain moves to VCC
// 1 is detected with more than 2.5V (up to 2.57V) with
tests of mega168 and mega328
R_DDR = LoPinRL;
ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); // Start Conversion
while (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC)); // wait
gthvoltage += (1023 - ADCW); // Add Tristatepin-Voltage

}
gthvoltage *= 4; // is equal to 44*ADCW

gthvoltage /= 9; // gives resolution in mV
}
}
trans.b = TristatePin;
trans.c = LowPin;
trans.e = HighPin;
} // end if PartFound != PART_THYRISTOR
} // end component has current => PNP
// Low-Pin=RL- HighPin=VCC
R_DDR = LoPinRL | TriPinRL;
R_PORT = TriPinRL; // TriPin=RL+ NPN with common Collector
adc.lp1 = W5msReadADC(LowPin); // voltage at Emitter resistor
adc.tp1 = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - ReadADC(TristatePin); // voltage at Base
resistor
if (adc.tp1 < 10) {

R_DDR = LoPinRL | TriPinRH;
R_PORT = TriPinRH; // Tripin=RH+
adc.lp1 = W5msReadADC(LowPin);
adc.tp1 = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - ReadADC(TristatePin); // voltage at Base
resistor
#ifdef LONG_HFE
c_hfe = ((unsigned long)adc.lp1 * (unsigned long)(((unsigned long)R_H_VAL
* 100) /
(unsigned int)RR680MI)) / (unsigned int)adc.tp1;
#else
c_hfe = ((adc.lp1 / ((RR680MI+500)/1000)) * (R_H_VAL/500)) /
(adc.tp2/500);
#endif
} else {
c_hfe = (adc.lp1 - adc.tp1) / adc.tp1;
}
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_line4();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line4();
lcd_data('L');
lcd_data('P');
lcd_string(utoa(adc.lp1,outval,10));
lcd_space();
lcd_data('T');
lcd_data('P');
lcd_string(utoa(adc.tp1,outval,10));
wait_about1s();
#endif
#endif
// Tristate (can be Base) to VCC, Test if NPN

ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // Low-Pin to output 0V
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch Low-Pin to GND
R_DDR = TriPinRL | HiPinRL; // RL port for High-Pin and Tristate-Pin to
output
R_PORT = TriPinRL | HiPinRL; // RL port for High-Pin and Tristate-Pin to Vcc
adc.hp1 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // measure voltage at High-Pin (Collector)
if (adc.hp1 < 1600) {

// component has current => NPN-Transistor or somthing else
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_data('N');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
if (PartReady==1) {
goto widmes;
}
// Test auf Thyristor:

// Gate discharge
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,0); // Tristate-Pin (Gate) across R_L 10ms to GND
adc.hp3 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // read voltage at High-Pin (probably Anode)
again
// current should still flow, if not,
// no Thyristor or holding current to low
R_PORT = 0; // switch R_L for High-Pin (probably Anode) to GND (turn off)
wait_about5ms();
R_PORT = HiPinRL; // switch R_L for High-Pin (probably Anode) again to
VCC
adc.hp2 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // measure voltage at the High-Pin (probably
Anode) again
if ((adc.hp3 < 1600) && (adc.hp2 > 4400)) {

// if the holding current was switched off the thyristor must be switched
off too.
// if Thyristor was still swiched on, if gate was switched off => Thyristor
PartFound = PART_THYRISTOR;
// Test if Triac
R_DDR = 0;
R_PORT = 0;
ADC_PORT = LoADCp; // Low-Pin fix to VCC
wait_about5ms();
R_DDR = HiPinRL; // switch R_L port HighPin to output (GND)

if(W5msReadADC(HighPin) > 244) {
goto savenresult; // measure voltage at the High-Pin (probably A2); if
too high:
// component has current => kein Triac
}
R_DDR = HiPinRL | TriPinRL; // switch R_L port for TristatePin (Gate) to

output (GND) => Triac should be triggered
if(W5msReadADC(TristatePin) < 977) {
goto savenresult; // measure voltage at the Tristate-Pin (probably
Gate) ;
// if to low, abort
}
if(ReadADC(HighPin) < 733) {

goto savenresult; // component has no current => no Triac => abort
}
R_DDR = HiPinRL; // TristatePin (Gate) to input

if(W5msReadADC(HighPin) < 733) {
goto savenresult; // component has no current without base current =>
no Triac => abort
}
R_PORT = HiPinRL; // switch R_L port for HighPin to VCC => switch off
holding current
wait_about5ms();
R_PORT = 0; // switch R_L port for HighPin again to GND; Triac should
now switched off
if(W5msReadADC(HighPin) > 244) {
goto savenresult; // measure voltage at the High-Pin (probably A2) ;
// if to high, component is not switched off =>
no Triac, abort
}
PartFound = PART_TRIAC;
PartReady = 1;
goto savenresult;
}
// Test if NPN Transistor or MOSFET

//ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // Low-Pin to output 0V
R_DDR = HiPinRL | TriPinRH; // R_H port of Tristate-Pin (Basis) to output
R_PORT = HiPinRL | TriPinRH; // R_H port of Tristate-Pin (Basis) to VCC
wait_about50ms();
adc.hp2 = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - ReadADC(HighPin); // measure the voltage at
the collector resistor
adc.tp2 = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - ReadADC(TristatePin); // measure the voltage at
the base resistor
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data('H');
lcd_data('P');
lcd_string(utoa(adc.hp2,outval,10));
lcd_space();
lcd_data('T');
lcd_data('P');
lcd_string(utoa(adc.tp2,outval,10));
#endif
if((PartFound == PART_TRANSISTOR) || (PartFound == PART_FET)) {

PartReady = 1; // check, if test is already done once
}
trans.uBE[PartReady] = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.tp2 - ReadADC(LowPin);
// compute current amplification factor for common Emitter

// hFE = B = Collector current / Base current
if (adc.tp2 < 53) {
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_data('<');
lcd_data('5');
lcd_data('3');
#endif
adc.tp2 = 53;
}
tmp16 = adc.hp2;
if (tmp16 > adc.lp_otr) {
tmp16 -= adc.lp_otr;
}
#ifdef LONG_HFE
trans.hfe[PartReady] = ((unsigned int)tmp16 * (unsigned long)(((unsigned
long)R_H_VAL * 100) /
(unsigned int)RR680PL)) / (unsigned int)adc.tp2;
#else
trans.hfe[PartReady] = ((tmp16 / ((RR680PL+500)/1000)) * (R_H_VAL/500)) /
(adc.tp2/500);
#endif
#endif
// compare current amplification factor for common Collector (Emitter
follower)
// hFE = (Emitterstrom - Basisstrom) / Basisstrom
if (c_hfe > trans.hfe[PartReady]) {
#endif
trans.hfe[PartReady] = c_hfe;
trans.uBE[PartReady] = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.lp1 - adc.tp1;
}
#endif
#endif
if(adc.tp2 > 2557) { // Basis-voltage R_H is low enough

PartFound = PART_TRANSISTOR; // NPN-Transistor is found (Base is near GND)
PartMode = PART_MODE_NPN;
} else { // Basis has low current
if((adc.lp_otr < 97) && (adc.hp2 > 3400)) {
// if flow voltage in switched off mode low enough?
// (since D-Mode-FET will be detected in error as E-Mode )
PartFound = PART_FET; // N-Kanal-MOSFET is found (Basis/Gate will Not
be pulled down)
PartMode = PART_MODE_N_E_MOS;
#if DebugOut == 5
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data('N');
lcd_data('F');
wait_about1s();
#endif
// Switching of Drain is monitored with digital input

// Low level is specified up to 0.3 * VCC
// High level is specified above 0.6 * VCC
PinMSK = HiADCm & 7;
// measure Threshold voltage of Gate

ADMUX = TristatePin | (1<<REFS0); // measure TristatePin, Ref. VCC
gthvoltage = 1; // round up ((1*4)/9)
for(ii=0;ii<11;ii++) {
wdt_reset();
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,0); // discharge Gate 10ms with RL
R_DDR = HiPinRL | TriPinRH; // slowly charge Gate
R_PORT = HiPinRL | TriPinRH;
while ((ADC_PIN&PinMSK)); // Wait, until the MOSFET switch and Drain
moved to low
// 0 is detected with input voltage of
2.12V to 2.24V (tested with mega168 & mega328)
R_DDR = HiPinRL; // switch off current
ADCSRA |= (1<<ADSC); // start ADC conversion
while (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC)); // wait until ADC finished
gthvoltage += ADCW; // add result of ADC
}
gthvoltage *= 4; // is equal to 44 * ADCW

gthvoltage /= 9; // scale to mV
}
}
savenresult:
trans.b = TristatePin; // save Pin-constellation
trans.c = HighPin;
trans.e = LowPin;
} // end component conduct => npn
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch all ADC-Ports to input

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch all ADC-Ports to 0 (no Pull up)
// Finish
// end component has no connection between HighPin and LowPin
goto widmes;
}
// component has current

// Test if Diode
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
for (ii=0;ii<200;ii++) {
ADC_DDR = LoADCm | HiADCm; // discharge by short of Low and High side
wait_about5ms(); // Low and Highpin to GND for discharge
ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // switch only Low-Pin fix to GND
adc.hp1 = ReadADC(HighPin); // read voltage at High-Pin
if (adc.hp1 < (150/8)) break;
}
/*
It is possible, that wrong Parts are detected without discharging, because
the gate of a MOSFET can be charged.
The additional measurement with the big resistor R_H is made, to differ
antiparallel diodes
from resistors.
A diode has a voltage, that is nearly independent from the current.
The voltage of a resistor is proportional to the current.
*/
#if 0
// first check with higher current (R_L=680)
// A diode is found better with a parallel mounted capacitor,
// but some capacitors can be detected a a diode.
R_DDR = HiPinRL; // switch R_L port for High-Pin to output (VCC)
R_PORT = HiPinRL;
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,1); // discharge of P-Kanal-MOSFET gate
adc.lp_otr = W5msReadADC(HighPin) - ReadADC(LowPin);
R_DDR = HiPinRH; // switch R_H port for High-Pin output (VCC)
R_PORT = HiPinRH;
adc.hp2 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // M--|<--HP--R_H--VCC

R_PORT = HiPinRL;
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,0); // discharge for N-Kanal-MOSFET gate
adc.hp1 = W5msReadADC(HighPin) - W5msReadADC(LowPin);
R_DDR = HiPinRH; // switch R_H port for High-Pin to output (VCC)
R_PORT = HiPinRH;
if(adc.lp_otr > adc.hp1) {

adc.hp1 = adc.lp_otr; // the higher value wins
adc.hp3 = adc.hp2;
}
#else
// check first with low current (R_H=470k)
// With this method the diode can be better differed from a capacitor,
// but a parallel to a capacitor mounted diode can not be found.
R_PORT = HiPinRH;
ChargePin10ms(TriPinRL,1); // discharge of P-Kanal-MOSFET gate
// check with higher current (R_L=680)
R_PORT = HiPinRL;
adc.hp1 = W5msReadADC(HighPin) - ReadADC(LowPin);
adc.lp_otr = W5msReadADC(HighPin) - ReadADC(LowPin);

R_PORT = HiPinRH;
if(adc.lp_otr > adc.hp1) {

adc.hp1 = adc.lp_otr; // the higher value wins
adc.hp3 = adc.hp2;
} else {
}

#endif
#if DebugOut == 4
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data('D');
lcd_space();
lcd_data('h');
lcd_space();
lcd_data('L');
lcd_space();
lcd_data('H');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
//if((adc.hp1 > 150) && (adc.hp1 < 4640) && (adc.hp1 > (adc.hp3+(adc.hp3/8))) &&
(adc.hp3*8 > adc.hp1)) {
if((adc.hp1 > 150) && (adc.hp1 < 4640) && (adc.hp2 < adc.hp1) && (adc.hp1 >
(adc.hp3+(adc.hp3/8))) && (adc.hp3*16 > adc.hp1)) {
// voltage is above 0,15V and below 4,64V => Ok
if((PartFound == PART_NONE) || (PartFound == PART_RESISTOR)) {
PartFound = PART_DIODE; // mark for diode only, if no other component is
found
// since there is a problem with Transistors with a
protection diode
#if DebugOut == 4
lcd_data('D');
#endif
}
diodes[NumOfDiodes].Anode = HighPin;
diodes[NumOfDiodes].Cathode = LowPin;
diodes[NumOfDiodes].Voltage = adc.hp1; // voltage in Millivolt
NumOfDiodes++;
} // end voltage is above 0,15V and below 4,64V
#if DebugOut == 4
lcd_data(NumOfDiodes+'0');
#endif
widmes:
if (NumOfDiodes > 0) goto clean_ports;
// resistor measurement
wdt_reset();
// U_SCALE can be set to 4 for better resolution of ReadADC result

#if U_SCALE != 1
ADCconfig.U_AVCC *= U_SCALE; // scale to higher resolution, mV scale is not
required
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap *= U_SCALE;
#endif
#if R_ANZ_MESS != ANZ_MESS

ADCconfig.Samples = R_ANZ_MESS; // switch to special number of repetitions
#endif
#define MAX_REPEAT (700 / (5 + R_ANZ_MESS/8))
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL;
ADC_DDR = LoADCm; // switch Low-Pin to output (GND)
R_PORT = HiPinRL;

adc.hp2 = 0;
for (ii=1;ii<MAX_REPEAT;ii++) {
// wait until voltage is stable
adc.tp1 = W5msReadADC(LowPin); // low-voltage at Rx with load
adc.hp1 = ReadADC(HighPin); // voltage at resistor Rx with R_L
udiff = adc.hp1 - adc.hp2;
if (udiff < 0) udiff = -udiff;
if (udiff < 3) break;
adc.hp2 = adc.hp1;
wdt_reset();
}
if (ii == MAX_REPEAT) goto testend;

#else
adc.tp1 = W5msReadADC(LowPin); // low-voltage at Rx with load
adc.hp1 = ReadADC(HighPin); // voltage at resistor Rx with R_L
#endif
if (adc.tp1 > adc.hp1) {

adc.tp1 = adc.hp1;
}
R_PORT = 0;
R_DDR = HiPinRH; // switch R_H port for High-Pin to output (GND)
adc.hp2 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // read voltage, should be down
if (adc.hp2 > (20*U_SCALE)) {

// if resistor, voltage should be down
#if DebugOut == 3
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data('U');
lcd_data('A');
lcd_string(utoa(adc.hp1, outval, 10));
lcd_data('B');
lcd_string(utoa(adc.hp2, outval, 10));
lcd_space();
#endif
goto testend;
}
R_PORT = HiPinRH; // switch R_H for High-Pin to VCC

adc.hp2 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // voltage at resistor Rx with R_H

ADC_PORT = HiADCp; // switch High-Pin to VCC
R_PORT = 0;
R_DDR = LoPinRL; // switch R_L for Low-Pin to GND

adc.lp2 = 0;
for (ii=1;ii<MAX_REPEAT;ii++) {
// wait until voltage is stable
adc.tp2 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // high voltage with load
adc.lp1 = ReadADC(LowPin); // voltage at the other end of Rx
udiff = adc.lp1 - adc.lp2;
if (udiff < 0) udiff = -udiff;
if (udiff < 3) break;
adc.lp2 = adc.lp1;
wdt_reset();
}
if (ii == MAX_REPEAT) goto testend;

#else
adc.tp2 = W5msReadADC(HighPin); // high voltage with load
adc.lp1 = ReadADC(LowPin); // voltage at the other end of Rx
#endif
if (adc.tp2 < adc.lp1) {

adc.tp2 = adc.lp1;
}
R_DDR = LoPinRH; // switch R_H for Low-Pin to GND

adc.lp2 = W5msReadADC(LowPin);
if((adc.hp1 < (4400*U_SCALE)) && (adc.hp2 > (97*U_SCALE))) {

//voltage break down isn't insufficient
#if DebugOut == 3
lcd_data('F');
#endif
goto testend;
}
//if ((adc.hp2 + (adc.hp2 / 61)) < adc.hp1)

if (adc.hp2 < (4972*U_SCALE)) {
// voltage breaks down with low test current and it is not nearly shorted =>
resistor
//if (adc.lp1 < 120) { // take measurement with R_H
if (adc.lp1 < (169*U_SCALE)) { // take measurement with R_H
ii = 'H';
if (adc.lp2 < (38*U_SCALE)) {

// measurement > 60MOhm to big resistance
goto testend;
}
// two measurements with R_H resistors (470k) are made:

// lirx1 (measurement at HighPin)
lirx1 = (unsigned long)((unsigned int)R_H_VAL) * (unsigned long)adc.hp2 /
(ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.hp2);
// lirx2 (measurement at LowPin)
lirx2 = (unsigned long)((unsigned int)R_H_VAL) * (unsigned long)
(ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.lp2) / adc.lp2;
#define U_INT_LIMIT (990*U_SCALE) // 1V switch limit in ReadADC for atmega

family
#define FAKT_LOW 2 // resolution is about twice as good
#else
#define FAKT_LOW 4 // resolution is about four times better
#endif
if (adc.hp2 < U_INT_LIMIT) {
lrx1 = (lirx1*FAKT_LOW + lirx2) / (FAKT_LOW+1); // weighted average of
both R_H measurements
} else if (adc.lp2 < U_INT_LIMIT){
both R_H measurements
} else
#endif
{
lrx1 = (lirx1 + lirx2) / 2; // average of both R_H measurements
}
lrx1 *= 100;
lrx1 += RH_OFFSET; // add constant for correction of systematic error
} else {
ii = 'L';
// two measurements with R_L resistors (680) are made:
// lirx1 (measurement at HighPin)
if (adc.tp1 > adc.hp1) {

adc.hp1 = adc.tp1; // diff negativ is illegal
}
lirx1 =(unsigned long)RR680PL * (unsigned long)(adc.hp1 - adc.tp1) /
(ADCconfig.U_AVCC - adc.hp1);
if (adc.tp2 < adc.lp1) {

adc.lp1 = adc.tp2; // diff negativ is illegal
}
// lirx2 (Measurement at LowPin)

lirx2 =(unsigned long)RR680MI * (unsigned long)(adc.tp2 -adc.lp1) / adc.lp1;
//lrx1 =(unsigned long)R_L_VAL * (unsigned long)adc.hp1 / (adc.hp3 -
adc.hp1);
if (adc.hp1 < U_INT_LIMIT) {
both R_L measurements
} else if (adc.lp1 < U_INT_LIMIT) {
both R_L measurements
} else
#endif
{
lrx1 = (lirx1 + lirx2) / 2; // average of both R_L measurements
}
}
// lrx1 is tempory result
#if 0
// The zero resistance is in 0.01 Ohm units and usually so little, that
correction for resistors above 10 Ohm
// is not necassary
ii = eeprom_read_byte(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[LowPin+HighPin]) / 10; // Resistance
offset in 0,1 Ohm units
if (ii < lrx1) {
lrx1 -= ii;
} else {
lrx1 = 0;
}
#endif
#if DebugOut == 3
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data(ii);
lcd_space();
if (ii == 'H') {
lcd_data('X');
DisplayValue(lirx1,1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,4)
lcd_space();
lcd_data('Y');
DisplayValue(lirx2,1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,4)
lcd_space();
} else {
lcd_data('x');
DisplayValue(lirx1,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,4)
lcd_space();
lcd_data('y');
}
lcd_space();
lcd_line4();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line4();
lcd_space();
lcd_line2();
#endif
if((PartFound == PART_DIODE) || (PartFound == PART_NONE) || (PartFound ==

PART_RESISTOR)) {
for (ii=0; ii<ResistorsFound; ii++) {
// search measurements with inverse polarity
thisR = &resis[ii];
if (thisR->rt != TristatePin) continue;
// must be measurement with inverse polarity

// resolution is 0.1 Ohm, 1 Ohm = 10 !
lirx1 = (labs((long)lrx1 - (long)thisR->rx) * 10) / (lrx1 + thisR->rx +
100);
if (lirx1 > 0) {
#if DebugOut == 3
lcd_data('R');
lcd_data('!');
lcd_data('=');
DisplayValue(thisR->rx,-1,LCD_CHAR_OMEGA,3)
lcd_space();
lcd_space();
#endif
goto testend; // <10% mismatch

}
PartFound = PART_RESISTOR;
goto testend;
} // end for
// no same resistor with the same Tristate-Pin found, new one

thisR = &resis[ResistorsFound]; // pointer to a free resistor structure
thisR->rx = lrx1; // save resistor value

thisR->lx = 0; // no inductance
#endif
thisR->ra = LowPin; // save Pin numbers

thisR->rb = HighPin;
thisR->rt = TristatePin; // Tristate is saved for easier search of inverse
measurement
ResistorsFound++; // 1 more resistor found
#if DebugOut == 3
lcd_data(ResistorsFound+'0');
lcd_data('R');
#endif
}
}
testend:
#if U_SCALE != 1
ADCconfig.U_AVCC /= U_SCALE; // scale back to mV resolution
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap /= U_SCALE;
#endif
#if R_ANZ_MESS != ANZ_MESS

ADCconfig.Samples = ANZ_MESS; // switch back to standard number of repetition
#endif
#ifdef DebugOut
#if DebugOut < 10
wait_about2s();
#endif
#endif
clean_ports:
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // all ADC-Pins Input

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // all ADC outputs to Ground, keine Pull up
R_DDR = 0; // all resistor-outputs to Input
R_PORT = 0; // all resistor-outputs to Ground, no Pull up
} // end CheckPins()
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// Get residual current in reverse direction of a diode

//=================================================================
void GetIr(uint8_t hipin, uint8_t lopin) {
unsigned int u_res; // reverse voltage at 470k
unsigned int ir_nano;
//unsigned int ir_micro;
uint8_t LoPinR_L;
uint8_t HiADC;
HiADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[hipin]);
ADC_PORT = HiADC | TXD_VAL; // switch ADC port to high level
ADC_DDR = HiADC | TXD_MSK; // switch High Pin direct to VCC
LoPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[lopin]); // R_L mask for LowPin R_L load
R_PORT = 0; // switch R-Port to GND
R_DDR = LoPinR_L + LoPinR_L; // switch R_H port for LowPin to output (GND)
u_res = W5msReadADC(lopin); // read voltage

if (u_res == 0) return; // no Output, if no current in reverse direction
lcd_fix_string(Ir_str); // output text " Ir="
#ifdef WITH_IRMICRO
if (u_res < 2500) {
#endif
// R_H_VAL has units of 10 Ohm, u_res has units of mV, ir_nano has units of
nA
ir_nano = (unsigned long)(u_res * 100000UL) / R_H_VAL;
DisplayValue(ir_nano,-9,'A',2); // output two digits of current with nA units
#ifdef WITH_IRMICRO
} else {
R_DDR = LoPinR_L; // switch R_L port for LowPin to output (GND)
u_res = W5msReadADC(lopin); // read voltage
ir_nano = 0xffff; // set to max
// RR680MI has units of 0.1 Ohm, u_res has units of mV, ir_micro has units of
uA
ir_micro = (unsigned long)(u_res * 10000UL) / RR680MI;
DisplayValue(ir_micro,-6,'A',2); // output two digits of current in uA units
}
#endif
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch off

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch off
R_DDR = 0; // switch off current
return;
}
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
/*
extern struct ADCconfig_t{
uint8_t Samples; // number of ADC samples to take
uint8_t RefFlag; // save Reference type VCC of IntRef
uint16_t U_Bandgap; // Reference Voltage in mV
uint16_t U_AVCC; // Voltage of AVCC
} ADCconfig;
*/
//#define StartADCwait() ADCSRA = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) |
AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; /* enable ADC and start */
#define StartADCwait() ADCSRA = StartADCmsk; /* Start conversion */\
while (ADCSRA & (1 << ADSC)) /* wait until conversion is done */
#else
#define StartADCwait() ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | (1<<ADIE) |
AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; /* enable ADC and Interrupt */\
set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_ADC);\
sleep_mode(); /* Start ADC, return, if ADC has finished */
#endif
unsigned int ReadADC (uint8_t Probe) {

unsigned int U; // return value (mV)
uint8_t Samples; // loop counter
unsigned long Value; // ADC value
Probe |= (1 << REFS0); // use internal reference anyway
sample:
#endif
ADMUX = Probe; // set input channel and U reference
// if voltage reference changes, wait for voltage stabilization
if ((Probe & (1 << REFS1)) != 0) {
// switch to 1.1V Reference
#ifdef NO_AREF_CAP
wait100us(); // time for voltage stabilization
#else
wait_about10ms(); // time for voltage stabilization
#endif
}
#endif
// allways do one dummy read of ADC, 112us

StartADCwait(); // start ADC and wait
// sample ADC readings

Value = 0UL; // reset sampling variable
Samples = 0; // number of samples to take
while (Samples < ADCconfig.Samples) { // take samples

StartADCwait(); // start ADC and wait
Value += ADCW; // add ADC reading
// auto-switch voltage reference for low readings
if ((Samples == 4) && (ADCconfig.U_Bandgap > 255) && ((uint16_t)Value < 1024)
&& !(Probe & (1 << REFS1))) {
Probe |= (1 << REFS1); // select internal bandgap reference

Probe &= ~(1 << REFS0); // ATmega640/1280/2560 1.1V Reference with
REFS0=0
#endif
goto sample; // re-run sampling

}
#endif
Samples++; // one more done

}
// convert ADC reading to voltage - single sample: U = ADC reading * U_ref /
1024
// get voltage of reference used
if (Probe & (1 << REFS1)) U = ADCconfig.U_Bandgap; // bandgap reference
else U = ADCconfig.U_AVCC; // Vcc reference
#else
U = ADCconfig.U_AVCC; // Vcc reference
#endif
// convert to voltage
Value *= U; // ADC readings * U_ref
Value /= 1023; // / 1024 for 10bit ADC
// de-sample to get average voltage

Value /= ADCconfig.Samples;
U = (unsigned int)Value;
return U;
//return ((unsigned int)(Value / (1023 * (unsigned long)ADCconfig.Samples)));
}
unsigned int W5msReadADC (uint8_t Probe) {

wait_about5ms();
return (ReadADC(Probe));
}

wait_about10ms();
}

wait_about20ms();
}
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// new code by K.-H. Kubbeler

// ReadCapacity tries to find the value of a capacitor by measuring the load time.
// first of all the capacitor is discharged.
// Then a series of up to 500 load pulses with 10ms duration each is done across
the R_L (680Ohm)
// resistor.
// After each load pulse the voltage of the capacitor is measured without any load
current.
// If voltage reaches a value of more than 300mV and is below 1.3V, the capacity
can be
// computed from load time and voltage by a interpolating a build in table.
// If the voltage reaches a value of more than 1.3V with only one load pulse,
// another measurement methode is used:
// The build in 16bit counter can save the counter value at external events.
// One of these events can be the output change of a build in comparator.
// The comparator can compare the voltage of any of the ADC input pins with the
voltage
// of the internal reference (1.3V or 1.1V).
// After setting up the comparator and counter properly, the load of capacitor is
started
// with connecting the positive pin with the R_H resistor (470kOhm) to VCC and
immediately
// the counter is started. By counting the overflow Events of the 16bit counter and
watching
// the counter event flag the total load time of the capacitor until reaching the
internal
// reference voltage can be measured.
// If any of the tries to measure the load time is successful,
// the following variables are set:
// cap.cval = value of the capacitor
// cap.cval_uncorrected = value of the capacitor uncorrected
// cap.esr = serial resistance of capacitor, 0.01 Ohm units
// cap.cpre = units of cap.cval (-12==pF, -9=nF, -6=uF)
// ca = Pin number (0-2) of the LowPin
// cb = Pin number (0-2) of the HighPin
//=================================================================
void ReadCapacity(uint8_t HighPin, uint8_t LowPin) {
// check if capacitor and measure the capacity value
unsigned int tmpint;
unsigned int adcv[4];
unsigned int ovcnt16;
#endif
uint8_t HiPinR_L, HiPinR_H;

uint8_t LoADC;
uint8_t ii;

unsigned int vloss; // lost voltage after load pulse in 0.1%
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
pin_combination = (HighPin * 3) + LowPin - 1; // coded Pin combination for
capacity zero offset
#endif
LoADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[LowPin]) | TXD_MSK;

HiPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[HighPin]); // R_L mask for HighPin R_L load
HiPinR_H = HiPinR_L + HiPinR_L; // double for HighPin R_H load
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data('C');
lcd_space();
#endif
if(PartFound == PART_RESISTOR) {
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('R');
wait_about2s();
#endif
return; // We have found a resistor already

}
for (ii=0;ii<NumOfDiodes;ii++) {
if ((diodes[ii].Cathode == LowPin) && (diodes[ii].Anode == HighPin) &&
(diodes[ii].Voltage < 1500)) {
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('D');
wait_about2s();
#endif
return;
}
}
cap.esr = 0; // set ESR of capacitor to zero
vloss = 0; // set lost voltage to zero
#endif
cap.cval = 0; // set capacity value to zero

cap.cpre = -12; // default unit is pF
EntladePins(); // discharge capacitor
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch ADC-Port to GND

ADC_DDR = LoADC; // switch Low-Pin to output (GND)
R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch R_L port for HighPin to output (GND)
adcv[0] = ReadADC(HighPin); // voltage before any load
// ******** should adcv[0] be measured without current???

adcv[2] = adcv[0]; // preset to prevent compiler warning
for (ovcnt16=0; ovcnt16<500; ovcnt16++) {

R_PORT = HiPinR_L; // R_L to 1 (VCC)
R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch Pin to output, across R to GND or VCC
wait10ms(); // wait exactly 10ms, do not sleep
R_DDR = 0; // switch back to input

R_PORT = 0; // no Pull up
wait500us(); // wait a little time
wdt_reset();
// read voltage without current, is already charged enough?

adcv[2] = ReadADC(HighPin);
if (adcv[2] > adcv[0]) {

adcv[2] -= adcv[0]; // difference to beginning voltage
} else {
adcv[2] = 0; // voltage is lower or same as beginning voltage
}
if ((ovcnt16 == 126) && (adcv[2] < 75)) {

// 300mV can not be reached well-timed
break; // don't try to load any more
}
if (adcv[2] > 300) {

break; // probably 100mF can be charged well-timed
}
}
// wait 5ms and read voltage again, does the capacitor keep the voltage?
//adcv[1] = W5msReadADC(HighPin) - adcv[0];
//wdt_reset();
#if DebugOut == 10
DisplayValue(ovcnt16,0,' ',4);
DisplayValue(adcv[2],-3,'V',4);
#endif
if (adcv[2] < 301) {

#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('K');
lcd_space();
wait1s();
#endif
//if (NumOfDiodes != 0) goto messe_mit_rh;

goto keinC; // was never charged enough, >100mF or shorted
}
// voltage is rised properly and keeps the voltage enough

if ((ovcnt16 == 0 ) && (adcv[2] > 1300)) {
goto messe_mit_rh; // Voltage of more than 1300mV is reached in one pulse,
too fast loaded
}
// Capacity is more than about 50uF
#ifdef NO_CAP_HOLD_TIME
ChargePin10ms(HiPinR_H,0); // switch HighPin with R_H 10ms auf GND, then
currentless
adcv[3] = ReadADC(HighPin) - adcv[0]; // read voltage again, is discharged
only a little bit ?

} else {
adcv[3] = 0; // voltage is lower to beginning voltage
}
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('U');
lcd_data('3');
lcd_data(':');
lcd_string(utoa(adcv[3],outval,10));
lcd_space();
wait_about2s();
#endif
if ((adcv[3] + adcv[3]) < adcv[2]) {
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('H');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
if (ovcnt16 == 0 ) {
goto messe_mit_rh; // Voltage of more than 1300mV is reached in one
pulse, but not hold
}
goto keinC; // implausible, not yet the half voltage

}
cap.cval_uncorrected.dw = ovcnt16 + 1;
cap.cval_uncorrected.dw *= getRLmultip(adcv[2]); // get factor to convert time
to capacity from table
#else
// wait the half the time which was required for loading
adcv[3] = adcv[2]; // preset to prevent compiler warning
for (tmpint=0; tmpint<=ovcnt16; tmpint++) {

wait5ms();
adcv[3] = ReadADC(HighPin); // read voltage again, is discharged only a
little bit ?
wdt_reset();
}

} else {
}

// build difference to load voltage
adcv[3] = adcv[2] - adcv[3]; // lost voltage during load time wait
} else {
adcv[3] = 0; // no lost voltage
}

// compute equivalent parallel resistance from voltage drop
if (adcv[3] > 0) {
// there is any voltage drop (adcv[3]) !
// adcv[2] is the loaded voltage.
vloss = (unsigned long)(adcv[3] * 1000UL) / adcv[2];
}
#endif
if (adcv[3] > 100) {

// more than 100mV is lost during load time
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('L');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
if (ovcnt16 == 0 ) {
goto messe_mit_rh; // Voltage of more than 1300mV is reached in one
pulse, but not hold
}
goto keinC; // capacitor does not keep the voltage about 5ms
}
cap.cval_uncorrected.dw = ovcnt16 + 1;
// compute factor with load voltage + lost voltage during the voltage load time
cap.cval_uncorrected.dw *= getRLmultip(adcv[2]+adcv[3]); // get factor to
convert time to capacity from table
#endif
cap.cval = cap.cval_uncorrected.dw; // set result to uncorrected

cap.cpre = -9; // switch units to nF
Scale_C_with_vcc();
// cap.cval for this type is at least 40000nF, so the last digit will be never
shown
cap.cval *= (1000 - C_H_KORR); // correct with C_H_KORR with 0.1% resolution,
but prevent overflow
cap.cval /= 100;
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_line3();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line3();
lcd_data('C');
lcd_space();
lcd_space();
lcd_string(utoa(ovcnt16,outval,10));
wait_about3s();
#endif
goto checkDiodes;
//=================================================================================
=
// Measurement of little capacity values
messe_mit_rh:
// little capacity value, about < 50 uF
// measure with the R_H (470kOhm) resistor

R_PORT = 0; // R_DDR ist HiPinR_L
ADC_DDR = (1<<TP1) | (1<<TP2) | (1<<TP3) | (1<<TxD); // switch all Pins to
output
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch all ADC Pins to GND
R_DDR = HiPinR_H; // switch R_H resistor port for HighPin to output (GND)
// setup Analog Comparator

ADC_COMP_CONTROL = (1<<ACME); // enable Analog Comparator Multiplexer
ACSR = (1<<ACBG) | (1<<ACI) | (1<<ACIC); // enable, 1.3V, no Interrupt,
Connect to Timer1
ADMUX = (1<<REFS0) | HighPin; // switch Mux to High-Pin
ADCSRA = (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // disable ADC
wait200us(); // wait for bandgap to start up
// setup Counter1
ovcnt16 = 0;
TCCR1A = 0; // set Counter1 to normal Mode
TCNT1 = 0; // set Counter to 0
TI1_INT_FLAGS = (1<<ICF1) | (1<<OCF1B) | (1<<OCF1A) | (1<<TOV1); // clear
interrupt flags
TIMSK1 = (1<<TOIE1) | (1<<ICIE1); // enable Timer overflow interrupt and input
capture interrupt
unfinished = 1;
#endif
R_PORT = HiPinR_H; // switch R_H resistor port for HighPin to VCC
if(PartFound == PART_FET) {
// charge capacitor with R_H resistor
TCCR1B = (1<<CS10); //Start counter 1MHz or 8MHz
ADC_DDR = (((1<<TP1) | (1<<TP2) | (1<<TP3) | TXD_MSK) & ~(1<<HighPin)); //
release only HighPin ADC port
} else {
TCCR1B = (1<<CS10); // start counter 1MHz or 8MHz
ADC_DDR = LoADC; // stay LoADC Pin switched to GND, charge capacitor with
R_H slowly
}
//******************************
while(1) {
// Wait, until Input Capture is set
ii = TI1_INT_FLAGS; // read Timer flags
if (ii & (1<<ICF1)) {

break;
}
if((ii & (1<<TOV1))) { // counter overflow, 65.536 ms @ 1MHz, 8.192ms @

8MHz
TI1_INT_FLAGS = (1<<TOV1); // Reset OV Flag
wdt_reset();
ovcnt16++;
if(ovcnt16 == (F_CPU/5000)) {
break; // Timeout for Charging, above 12 s
}
}
}
TCCR1B = (0<<ICNC1) | (0<<ICES1) | (0<<CS10); // stop counter

TI1_INT_FLAGS = (1<<ICF1); // Reset Input Capture
tmpint = ICR1; // get previous Input Capture Counter flag
// check actual counter, if an additional overflow must be added

if((TCNT1 > tmpint) && (ii & (1<<TOV1))) {
// this OV was not counted, but was before the Input Capture
ovcnt16++;
}
#else
while(unfinished) {
set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_IDLE);
sleep_mode(); // wait for interrupt
wdt_reset();
if(ovcnt16 == (F_CPU/5000)) {
break; // Timeout for Charging, above 12 s
}
}

tmpint = ICR1; // get previous Input Capture Counter flag
TIMSK1 = (0<<TOIE1) | (0<<ICIE1); // disable Timer overflow interrupt and input
capture interrupt
if (TCNT1 < tmpint) {

ovcnt16--; // one ov to much
}
#endif
//------------------------------------------------------------
ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // enable ADC
R_DDR = 0; // switch R_H resistor port for input
R_PORT = 0; // switch R_H resistor port pull up for HighPin off
adcv[2] = ReadADC(HighPin); // get loaded voltage
load_diff = adcv[2] + REF_C_KORR - ref_mv; // build difference of capacitor
voltage to Reference Voltage
//------------------------------------------------------------
if (ovcnt16 >= (F_CPU/10000)) {
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('k');
wait_about1s();
#endif
goto keinC; // no normal end

}
//cap.cval_uncorrected = CombineII2Long(ovcnt16, tmpint);

cap.cval_uncorrected.w[1] = ovcnt16;
cap.cval_uncorrected.w[0] = tmpint;
cap.cpre = -12; // cap.cval unit is pF

if (ovcnt16 > 65) {
cap.cval_uncorrected.dw /= 100; // switch to next unit
cap.cpre += 2; // set unit, prevent overflow
}
cap.cval_uncorrected.dw *= RHmultip; // 708

cap.cval_uncorrected.dw /= (F_CPU / 10000); // divide by 100 (@ 1MHz clock), 800
(@ 8MHz clock)
cap.cval = cap.cval_uncorrected.dw; // set the corrected cap.cval
Scale_C_with_vcc();
if (cap.cpre == -12) {
#if COMP_SLEW1 > COMP_SLEW2
if (cap.cval < COMP_SLEW1) {
// add slew rate dependent offset
cap.cval += (COMP_SLEW1 / (cap.cval+COMP_SLEW2 ));
}
#endif
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
// auto calibration mode, cap_null can be updated in selftest section
tmpint = eeprom_read_byte(&c_zero_tab[pin_combination]); // read zero offset
if (cap.cval > tmpint) {

cap.cval -= tmpint; // subtract zero offset (pF)
} else {
cap.cval = 0; // unsigned long may not reach negativ value
}
#else
if (HighPin == TP2) cap.cval += TP2_CAP_OFFSET; // measurements with TP2 have
2pF less capacity
if (cap.cval > C_NULL) {

cap.cval -= C_NULL; // subtract constant offset (pF)
} else {
cap.cval = 0; // unsigned long may not reach negativ value
}
#endif
}
#if DebugOut == 10
R_DDR = 0; // switch all resistor ports to input
lcd_line4();
lcd_clear_line();
lcd_line4();
lcd_data('c');
lcd_space();
wait_about3s();
#endif
R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch R_L for High-Pin to GND
#if F_CPU < 2000001

if(cap.cval < 50)
#else
if(cap.cval < 25)
#endif
{
// cap.cval can only be so little in pF unit, cap.cpre must not be testet!
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('<');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
goto keinC; // capacity to low, < 50pF @1MHz (25pF @8MHz)

}
// end low capacity
checkDiodes:
if((NumOfDiodes > 0) && (PartFound != PART_FET)) {
#if DebugOut == 10
lcd_data('D');
lcd_space();
wait_about1s();
#endif
// nearly shure, that there is one or more diodes in reverse direction,

// which would be wrongly detected as capacitor
} else {
PartFound = PART_CAPACITOR; // capacitor is found
if ((cap.cpre > cap.cpre_max) || ((cap.cpre == cap.cpre_max) && (cap.cval >

cap.cval_max))) {
// we have found a greater one
cap.cval_max = cap.cval;
cap.cpre_max = cap.cpre;

cap.v_loss = vloss; // lost voltage in 0.01%
#endif
cap.ca = LowPin; // save LowPin

cap.cb = HighPin; // save HighPin
}
}
keinC:
// discharge capacitor again

//EntladePins(); // discharge capacitors
// ready
// switch all ports to input
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch all ADC ports to input
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch all ADC outputs to GND, no pull up
R_PORT = 0; // switch all resistor outputs to GND, no pull up
return;
} // end ReadCapacity()
unsigned int getRLmultip(unsigned int cvolt) {
// interpolate table RLtab corresponding to voltage cvolt

// Widerstand 680 Ohm 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475
500 525 550 575 600 625 650 675 700 725 750 775 800 825
850 875 900 925 950 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100 1125 1150 1175
1200 1225 1250 1275 1300 1325 1350 1375 1400 mV
//uint16_t RLtab[] MEM_TEXT =
{22447,20665,19138,17815,16657,15635,14727,13914,13182,12520,11918,11369,10865,1040
1, 9973, 9577, 9209, 8866, 8546, 8247, 7966, 7702, 7454, 7220, 6999, 6789, 6591,
6403, 6224, 6054, 5892, 5738, 5590, 5449, 5314, 5185, 5061, 4942, 4828, 4718, 4613,
4511, 4413, 4319, 4228};
#define RL_Tab_Abstand 25 // displacement of table 25mV

#define RL_Tab_Beginn 300 // begin of table ist 300mV
#define RL_Tab_Length 1100 // length of table is 1400-300
unsigned int uvolt;

unsigned int y1, y2;
uint8_t tabind;
uint8_t tabres;
if (cvolt >= RL_Tab_Beginn) {

uvolt = cvolt - RL_Tab_Beginn;
} else {
uvolt = 0; // limit to begin of table
}
tabind = uvolt / RL_Tab_Abstand;

tabres = uvolt % RL_Tab_Abstand;
tabres = RL_Tab_Abstand - tabres;
if (tabind > (RL_Tab_Length/RL_Tab_Abstand)) {

tabind = (RL_Tab_Length/RL_Tab_Abstand); // limit to end of table
}
y1 = MEM_read_word(&RLtab[tabind]);
y2 = MEM_read_word(&RLtab[tabind+1]);
return ( ((y1 - y2) * tabres + (RL_Tab_Abstand/2)) / RL_Tab_Abstand + y2); //
interpolate table
}
void Scale_C_with_vcc(void) {
while (cap.cval > 100000) {

cap.cval /= 10;
cap.cpre ++; // prevent overflow
}
cap.cval *= ADCconfig.U_AVCC; // scale with measured voltage

cap.cval /= U_VCC; // Factors are computed for U_VCC
}
// Interrupt Service Routine for timer1 Overflow
ISR(TIMER1_OVF_vect, ISR_BLOCK)
{
ovcnt16++; // count overflow
}
// Interrupt Service Routine for timer1 capture event (Comparator)

ISR(TIMER1_CAPT_vect, ISR_BLOCK)
{
unfinished = 0; // clear unfinished flag
}
#endif
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */

// The 680 Ohm resistor (R_L_VAL) at the Lowpin will be used as current sensor
// The current with a coil will with (1 - e**(-t*R/L)), where R is
// the sum of Pin_RM , R_L_VAL , Resistance of coil and Pin_RP.
// L in the inductance of the coil.
//=================================================================
void ReadInductance(void) {
// check if inductor and measure the inductance value

unsigned int umax;
unsigned int total_r; // total resistance of current loop
unsigned int mess_r; // value of resistor used for current measurement
unsigned long inductance[4]; // four inductance values for different
measurements
union t_combi{
unsigned long dw; // time_constant
uint16_t w[2];
} timeconstant;
uint16_t per_ref1,per_ref2; // percentage

uint8_t LoPinR_L; // Mask for switching R_L resistor of low pin
uint8_t HiADC; // Mask for switching the high pin direct to VCC
uint8_t ii;
uint8_t count; // counter for the different measurements
//uint8_t found; // variable used for searching resistors

#define found 0
uint8_t cnt_diff; // resistance dependent offset

uint8_t LowPin; // number of pin with low voltage
uint8_t HighPin; // number of pin with high voltage
int8_t ukorr; // correction of comparator voltage
uint8_t nr_pol1; // number of successfull inductance measurement with polarity 1
uint8_t nr_pol2; // number of successfull inductance measurement with polarity 2
if(PartFound != PART_RESISTOR) {
return; // We have found no resistor
}
if (ResistorsFound != 1) {
return; // do not search for inductance, more than 1 resistor
}
//for (found=0;found<ResistorsFound;found++) {
// if (resis[found].rx > 21000) continue;
if (resis[found].rx > 21000) return;

// we can check for Inductance, if resistance is below 2100 Ohm
for (count=0; count<4; count++) {

// Try four times (different direction and with delayed counter start)
if (count < 2) {
// first and second pass, direction 1
LowPin = resis[found].ra;
HighPin = resis[found].rb;
} else {
// third and fourth pass, direction 2
LowPin = resis[found].rb;
HighPin = resis[found].ra;
}
HiADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[HighPin]);
LoPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[LowPin]); // R_L mask for HighPin R_L load
//=================================================================================
=
// Measurement of Inductance values
R_PORT = 0; // switch R port to GND
if ((resis[found].rx < 240) && ((count & 0x01) == 0)) {

// we can use PinR_L for measurement
mess_r = RR680MI - R_L_VAL; // use only pin output resistance
ADC_DDR = HiADC | (1<<LowPin) | TXD_MSK; // switch HiADC and Low Pin to
GND,
} else {
R_DDR = LoPinR_L; // switch R_L resistor port for LowPin to output
(GND)
ADC_DDR = HiADC | TXD_MSK; // switch HiADC Pin to GND
mess_r = RR680MI; // use 680 Ohm and PinR_L for current measurement
}
// Look, if we can detect any current

for (ii=0;ii<20;ii++) {
// wait for current is near zero
umax = W10msReadADC(LowPin);
total_r = ReadADC(HighPin);
if ((umax < 2) && (total_r < 2)) break; // low current detected
}
// setup Analog Comparator

ADC_COMP_CONTROL = (1<<ACME); // enable Analog Comparator Multiplexer
ACSR = (1<<ACBG) | (1<<ACI) | (1<<ACIC); // enable, 1.3V, no Interrupt,
Connect to Timer1
ADMUX = (1<<REFS0) | LowPin; // switch Mux to Low-Pin
ADCSRA = (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // disable ADC
// setup Counter1
timeconstant.w[1] = 0; // set ov counter to 0
TCCR1A = 0; // set Counter1 to normal Mode
TCNT1 = 0; // set Counter to 0
TI1_INT_FLAGS = (1<<ICF1) | (1<<OCF1B) | (1<<OCF1A) | (1<<TOV1); // reset TIFR
or TIFR1
HiADC |= TXD_VAL;
wait200us(); // wait for bandgap to start up
if ((count & 0x01) == 0 ) {

// first start counter, then start current
TCCR1B = (1<<ICNC1) | (0<<ICES1) | (1<<CS10); // start counter 1MHz or 8MHz
ADC_PORT = HiADC; // switch ADC-Port to VCC
} else {
// first start current, then start counter with delay
// parasitic capacity of coil can cause high current at the beginning
ADC_PORT = HiADC; // switch ADC-Port to VCC
#if F_CPU >= 8000000UL

wait3us(); // ignore current peak from capacity
#else
wdt_reset(); // delay
wdt_reset(); // delay
#endif

TCCR1B = (1<<ICNC1) | (0<<ICES1) | (1<<CS10); // start counter 1MHz or 8MHz
}
//******************************
while(1) {
// Wait, until Input Capture is set
ii = TI1_INT_FLAGS; // read Timer flags
if (ii & (1<<ICF1)) {

break;
}
if((ii & (1<<TOV1))) { // counter overflow, 65.536 ms @ 1MHz, 8.192ms @

8MHz
wdt_reset();
timeconstant.w[1]++; // count one OV
if(timeconstant.w[1] == (F_CPU/100000UL)) {
break; // Timeout for Charging, above 0.13 s
}
}
}

timeconstant.w[0] = ICR1; // get previous Input Capture Counter flag
// check actual counter, if an additional overflow must be added

if((TCNT1 > timeconstant.w[0]) && (ii & (1<<TOV1))) {
// this OV was not counted, but was before the Input Capture
timeconstant.w[1]++; // count one additional OV
}

ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // enable ADC
for (ii=0;ii<20;ii++) {
// wait for current is near zero
umax = W10msReadADC(LowPin);
total_r = ReadADC(HighPin);
if ((umax < 2) && (total_r < 2)) break; // low current detected
}
#define CNT_ZERO_42 6
#define CNT_ZERO_720 7
//#if F_CPU == 16000000UL

// #undef CNT_ZERO_42
// #undef CNT_ZERO_720
// #define CNT_ZERO_42 7
// #define CNT_ZERO_720 10
//#endif
total_r = (mess_r + resis[found].rx + RRpinMI);
//cnt_diff = 0;
//if (total_r > 7000) cnt_diff = 1;
//if (total_r > 14000) cnt_diff = 2;
cnt_diff = total_r / ((14000UL * 8) / (F_CPU/1000000UL));
// Voltage of comparator in % of umax
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
tmpint = (ref_mv + (int16_t)eeprom_read_word((uint16_t *)(&ref_offset))) ;
#else
tmpint = (ref_mv + REF_C_KORR);
#endif
if (mess_r < R_L_VAL) {

// measurement without 680 Ohm
cnt_diff = CNT_ZERO_42;
if (timeconstant.dw < 225) {

ukorr = (timeconstant.w[0] / 5) - 20;
} else {
ukorr = 25;
}
tmpint -= (((REF_L_KORR * 10) / 10) + ukorr);

} else {
// measurement with 680 Ohm resistor
// if 680 Ohm resistor is used, use REF_L_KORR for correction
cnt_diff += CNT_ZERO_720;
tmpint += REF_L_KORR;
}
if (timeconstant.dw > cnt_diff) timeconstant.dw -= cnt_diff;

else timeconstant.dw = 0;
if ((count&0x01) == 1) {
// second pass with delayed counter start
timeconstant.dw += (3 * (F_CPU/1000000UL))+10;
}
if (timeconstant.w[1] >= (F_CPU/100000UL)) timeconstant.dw = 0; // no

transition found
if (timeconstant.dw > 10) {

timeconstant.dw -= 1;
}
// compute the maximum Voltage umax with the Resistor of the coil
umax = ((unsigned long)mess_r * (unsigned long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC) / total_r;
per_ref1 = ((unsigned long)tmpint * 1000) / umax;
//per_ref2 = (uint8_t)MEM2_read_byte(&LogTab[per_ref1]); // -log(1 -
per_ref1/100)
per_ref2 = get_log(per_ref1); // -log(1 - per_ref1/1000)
//*********************************************************
#if 0
if (count == 0) {
lcd_line3();
DisplayValue(count,0,' ',4);
DisplayValue(timeconstant.dw,0,'+',4);
DisplayValue(cnt_diff,0,' ',4);
DisplayValue(total_r,-1,'r',4);
lcd_space();
DisplayValue(per_ref1,-1,'%',4);
lcd_line4();
DisplayValue(tmpint,-3,'V',4);
lcd_space();
DisplayValue(umax,-3,'V',4);
lcd_space();
DisplayValue(per_ref2,-1,'%',4);
wait_about4s();
wait_about2s();
}
#endif
//*********************************************************
// lx in 0.01mH units, L = Tau * R
per_ref1 = ((per_ref2 * (F_CPU/1000000UL)) + 5) / 10;
inductance[count] = (timeconstant.dw * total_r ) / per_ref1;
if (((count&0x01) == 0) && (timeconstant.dw > ((F_CPU/1000000UL)+3))) {

// transition is found, measurement with delayed counter start is not
necessary
inductance[count+1] = inductance[count]; // set delayed measurement to same
value
count++; // skip the delayed measurement
}
wdt_reset();
} // end for count
ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch ADC Port to GND

wait_about20ms();
#if 0
if (inductance[1] > inductance[0]) {
resis[found].lx = inductance[1]; // use value found with delayed counter
start
} else {
resis[found].lx = inductance[0];
}
if (inductance[3] > inductance[2]) inductance[2] = inductance[3]; // other

polarity, delayed start
if (inductance[2] < resis[found].lx) resis[found].lx = inductance[2]; // use

the other polarity
#else
nr_pol1 = 0;
if (inductance[1] > inductance[0]) { nr_pol1 = 1; }
nr_pol2 = 2;
if (inductance[3] > inductance[2]) { nr_pol2 = 3; }
if (inductance[nr_pol2] < inductance[nr_pol1]) nr_pol1 = nr_pol2;
resis[found].lx = inductance[nr_pol1];
resis[found].lpre = -5; // 10 uH units
if (((nr_pol1 & 1) == 1) || (resis[found].rx >= 240)) {

// with 680 Ohm resistor total_r is more than 7460
resis[found].lpre = -4; // 100 uH units
resis[found].lx = (resis[found].lx + 5) / 10;
}
#endif
//} // end loop for all resistors

#endif
return;
} // end ReadInductance()

// get_log interpolate a table with the function -log(1 - (permil/1000))
uint16_t get_log(uint16_t permil) {
// for remember:
// uint16_t LogTab[] PROGMEM = {0, 20, 41, 62, 83, 105, 128, 151, 174, 198, 223,
248, 274, 301, 329, 357, 386, 416, 446, 478, 511, 545, 580, 616, 654, 693, 734,
777, 821, 868, 916, 968, 1022, 1079, 1139, 1204, 1273, 1347, 1427, 1514, 1609,
1715, 1833, 1966, 2120, 2303, 2526 };
#define Log_Tab_Distance 20 // displacement of table is 20 mil
uint16_t y1, y2; // table values

uint16_t result; // result of interpolation
uint8_t tabind; // index to table value
uint8_t tabres; // distance to lower table value, fraction of
Log_Tab_Distance
tabind = permil / Log_Tab_Distance; // index to table

tabres = permil % Log_Tab_Distance; // fraction of table distance
// interpolate the table of factors

y1 = pgm_read_word(&LogTab[tabind]); // get the lower table value
y2 = pgm_read_word(&LogTab[tabind+1]); // get the higher table value
result = ((y2 - y1) * tabres ) / Log_Tab_Distance + y1; // interpolate

return(result);
}
#endif
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
#define MAX_CNT 255
/* The sleep mode for ADC can be used. It is implemented for 8MHz and 16MHz
operation */
/* But the ESR result is allways higher than the results with wait mode. */
/* The time of ESR measurement is higher with the sleep mode (checked with
oszilloscope) */
/* The reason for the different time is unknown, the start of the next ADC
measurement */
/* should be initiated before the next ADC-clock (8 us). One ADC takes 13 ADC clock
+ 1 clock setup. */
/* The setting to sleep mode takes 10 clock tics, the wakeup takes about 24 clock
tics, but 8us are 64 clock tics. */
/* I have found no reason, why a reset of the ADC clock divider should occur during
ESR measurement. */
//#define ADC_Sleep_Mode
//#define ESR_DEBUG
#ifdef ADC_Sleep_Mode
//#define StartADCwait() ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | (1<<ADIE) |
AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; /* enable ADC and Interrupt */
//#define StartADCwait() set_sleep_mode(SLEEP_MODE_ADC);
//sleep_mode() /* Start ADC, return if ADC has finished */
#define StartADCwait() sleep_cpu()
#else
//#define StartADCwait() ADCSRA = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) |
AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; /* enable ADC and start */
#define StartADCwait() ADCSRA = StartADCmsk; /* Start conversion */\
while (ADCSRA & (1 << ADSC)) /* wait until conversion is done */
#endif
/************************************************************************/
/* Predefine the wait time for switch off the load current for big caps */
/************************************************************************/
// wdt_reset(); // with wdt_reset the timing can be adjusted,
// when time is too short, voltage is down before SH of ADC
// when time is too long, capacitor will be overloaded.
// That will cause too high voltage without current.
// Interrupt mode, big cap
#if F_CPU == 8000000UL
#define DelayBigCap() wait10us(); /* 2.5 ADC clocks = 20us */ \
wait5us(); /* */ \
wait2us(); /* with only 17 us delay the voltage goes down before SH */
\
/* delay 17us + 3 clock tics (CALL instead of RCALL) = 17.375 us @ 8
MHz */ \
/* + 21 clock tics delay from interrupt return, +2.625us = 20.0 */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 20.125 us */ \
wdt_reset() /* 20.250 us */
#endif
#if F_CPU == 16000000UL
#define DelayBigCap() us500delay(18); /* 2.5 ADC clocks = 20us */ \
/* with only 18 us delay the voltage goes down before SH */ \
/* delay 18us 500ns + 1 clock tics (CALL instead of RCALL) = 18.5625 us
*/ \
/* + 21 clock tics delay from interrupt return, +1.3125us = 19.8750
*/ \
wdt_reset(); /* 19.9375 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 20.0000 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 20.0625 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 20.1250 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 20.1875 us */ \
wdt_reset() /* 20.2500 us */
#endif
#else
// Polling mode, big cap
#if F_CPU == 8000000UL
#define DelayBigCap() wait10us(); /* 2.5 ADC clocks = 20us */ \
wait5us(); /* */ \
wait4us(); /* pulse length 19.375 us */
/* delay 19us + 3 clock tics (CALL instead of RCALL) = 19.375 us @ 8
MHz */
/* + 7 clock tics delay from while loop, +0.875us = 20.250 */
// wdt_reset() /* 20.375 us + */
#endif
#if F_CPU == 16000000UL
#define DelayBigCap() delayMicroseconds(20)
// #define DelayBigCap() us500delay(19); /* 2.5 ADC clocks = 20us */ \
// /* with only 18 us delay the voltage goes down before SH */ \
// /* delay 19us 500ns + 1 clock tics (CALL instead of RCALL) = 19.5625
us */ \
// /* + 7 clock tics delay from "while (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC))" loop =
20.0000 */ \
// wdt_reset(); /* 20.0625 us */ \
// wdt_reset(); /* 20.1250 us */ \
// wdt_reset(); /* 20.1875 us */ \
// wdt_reset() /* 20.2500 us */
#endif
#endif
/**************************************************************************/
/* Predefine the wait time for switch off the load current for small caps */
/**************************************************************************/
// SH at 2.5 ADC clocks behind start = 5 us
// Interrupt mode, small cap
#if F_CPU == 8000000UL
#define DelaySmallCap() wait2us(); /* with only 4 us delay the voltage goes
down before SH */ \
/* delay 2us + 1 clock tics (CALL instead of RCALL) = 2.125 us @ 8 MHz
*/ \
wdt_reset(); /* 4.875 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 5.000 us */ \
wdt_reset() /* 5.125 us */
#endif
#if F_CPU == 16000000UL
#define DelaySmallCap() us500delay(3); /* with only 18 us delay the voltage
goes down before SH */ \
*/ \
wdt_reset(); /* 4.9375 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 5.0000 us */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 5.0625 us */ \
wdt_reset() /* 5.1250 us */
#endif
#else
// Polling mode, small cap
#if F_CPU == 8000000UL
#define DelaySmallCap() wait4us(); /* with only 4 us delay the voltage goes
down before SH */ \
/* delay 4us + 1 clock tics (CALL instead of RCALL) = 4.125 us @ 8 MHz
*/ \
/* + 7 clock tics delay from while loop, +0.875us = 5.000 */ \
wdt_reset() /* 5.125 us */
#endif
#if F_CPU == 16000000UL
#define DelaySmallCap() us500delay(4); /* with only 4 us delay the voltage
goes down before SH */ \
*/ \
/* + 7 clock tics delay from "while (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC))" loop, +0.4375 =
5.0000 */ \
wdt_reset(); /* 5.0625 us */ \
wdt_reset() /* 5.1250 us */
#endif
#endif
//=================================================================
uint16_t GetESR(uint8_t hipin, uint8_t lopin) {
// measure the ESR value of capacitor
unsigned int adcv[4]; // array for 4 ADC readings
unsigned long sumvolt[4]; // array for 3 sums of ADC readings
unsigned long cap_val_nF;
uint16_t esrvalue;
uint8_t HiPinR_L; // used to switch 680 Ohm to HighPin
uint8_t HiADC; // used to switch Highpin directly to GND or VCC
uint8_t LoPinR_L; // used to switch 680 Ohm to LowPin
uint8_t LoADC; // used to switch Lowpin directly to GND or VCC
uint8_t ii,jj; // tempory values
uint8_t StartADCmsk; // Bit mask to start the ADC
uint8_t SelectLowPin,SelectHighPin;
uint8_t big_cap;
int8_t esr0; // used for ESR zero correction
big_cap = 1;
if (PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR) {
ii = cap.cpre_max;
cap_val_nF = cap.cval_max;
while (ii < -9) { // set cval to nF unit

cap_val_nF /= 10; // reduce value by factor ten
ii++; // take next decimal prefix
}
if (cap_val_nF < (1800/18)) return(0xffff); // capacity lower than 1.8 uF

//if (cap_val_nF > (1800/18)) {
// normal ADC-speed, ADC-Clock 8us

StartADCmsk = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | (1<<ADIE) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // enable
ADC and Interrupt
ADCSRA = StartADCmsk; // enable ADC and Interrupt
#else
StartADCmsk = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // enable
and start ADC
#endif
//} else {
// fast ADC-speed, ADC-Clock 2us

//StartADCmsk = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | (1<<ADIE) | FAST_CLOCK_DIV; //
enable ADC and Interrupt
//ADCSRA = StartADCmsk; // enable ADC and Interrupt
//SMCR = (1 << SM0) | (1 <<SE); // set ADC Noise Reduction and Sleep Enable
#else
//StartADCmsk = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | FAST_CLOCK_DIV; //
enable and start ADC
#endif
//big_cap = 0;
//}
}
LoADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[lopin]) | TXD_MSK;

HiADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[hipin]) | TXD_MSK;
LoPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[lopin]); // R_L mask for LowPin R_L load
HiPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[hipin]); // R_L mask for HighPin R_L load

// ATmega640/1280/2560 1.1V Reference with REFS0=0
SelectLowPin = (lopin | (1<<REFS1) | (0<<REFS0)); // switch ADC to LowPin,
Internal Ref.
SelectHighPin = (hipin | (1<<REFS1) | (0<<REFS0)); // switch ADC to HighPin,
Internal Ref.
#else
SelectLowPin = (lopin | (1<<REFS1) | (1<<REFS0)); // switch ADC to LowPin,
Internal Ref.
SelectHighPin = (hipin | (1<<REFS1) | (1<<REFS0)); // switch ADC to HighPin,
Internal Ref.
#endif
// Measurement of ESR of capacitors AC Mode

sumvolt[0] = 1; // set sum of LowPin voltage to 1 to prevent divide by zero
sumvolt[2] = 1; // clear sum of HighPin voltage with current
// offset is about (x*10*200)/34000 in 0.01 Ohm
units
sumvolt[1] = 0; // clear sum of HighPin voltage without current
sumvolt[3] = 0; // clear sum of HighPin voltage without current
ADMUX = SelectLowPin; // set Mux input and Voltage Reference to internal 1.1V
#ifdef NO_AREF_CAP
wait100us(); // time for voltage stabilization
#else
wait_about10ms(); // time for voltage stabilization with 100nF
#endif
// start voltage must be negativ

ADC_DDR = HiADC; // switch High Pin to GND
R_PORT = LoPinR_L; // switch R-Port to VCC
R_DDR = LoPinR_L; // switch R_L port for HighPin to output (VCC)
wait10us();
wait2us();
R_DDR = 0; // switch off current
R_PORT = 0;
StartADCwait(); // set ADCSRA Interrupt Mode, sleep
// Measurement frequency is given by sum of ADC-Reads < 680 Hz for normal ADC
speed.
// For fast ADC mode the frequency is below 2720 Hz (used for capacity value
below 3.6 uF).
// ADC Sample and Hold (SH) is done 1.5 ADC clock number after real start of
conversion.
// Real ADC-conversion is started with the next ADC-Clock (125kHz) after setting
the ADSC bit.
for(ii=0;ii<MAX_CNT;ii++) {
R_PORT = LoPinR_L; // switch R-Port to VCC
R_DDR = LoPinR_L; // switch R_L port for LowPin to output (VCC)
ADMUX = SelectLowPin;
adcv[0] = ADCW; // Voltage LowPin with current
ADMUX = SelectHighPin;
//if (big_cap != 0) {
StartADCwait(); // ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | (1<<ADIE) |

AUTO_CLOCK_DIV;
ADCSRA = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // enable ADC and
start with ADSC
wait4us();
R_PORT = HiPinR_L; // switch R-Port to VCC
R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch R_L port for HighPin to output (VCC)
DelayBigCap(); // wait predefined time
//} else {
// StartADCwait(); // ADCSRA = (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | (1<<ADIE) |
AUTO_CLOCK_DIV;
// R_PORT = HiPinR_L; // switch R-Port to VCC
// R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch R_L port for HighPin to output (VCC)
// ADCSRA = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | FAST_CLOCK_DIV; // enable ADC
and start with ADSC
// // SH at 2.5 ADC clocks behind start = 5 us
// DelaySmallCap(); // wait predefined time
//}
R_DDR = 0; // switch current off, SH is 1.5 ADC clock behind real start
R_PORT = 0;
while (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC)); // wait for conversion finished
adcv[1] = ADCW; // Voltage HighPin with current
#endif
wdt_reset();
// ******** Reverse direction, connect High side with GND ********

ADC_DDR = HiADC; // switch High Pin to GND
R_PORT = HiPinR_L; // switch R-Port to VCC
R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch R_L port for HighPin to output (VCC)
wdt_reset();
ADMUX = SelectHighPin;
adcv[2] = ADCW; // Voltage HighPin with current
ADMUX = SelectLowPin;
//if (big_cap != 0) {

ADCSRA = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | AUTO_CLOCK_DIV; // enable ADC and
start with ADSC
wait4us();
R_PORT = LoPinR_L;
R_DDR = LoPinR_L; // switch LowPin with 680 Ohm to VCC
DelayBigCap(); // wait predefined time
//} else {
// StartADCwait(); // set ADCSRA Interrupt Mode, sleep
// R_PORT = LoPinR_L;
// R_DDR = LoPinR_L; // switch LowPin with 680 Ohm to VCC
// ADCSRA = (1<<ADSC) | (1<<ADEN) | (1<<ADIF) | FAST_CLOCK_DIV; // enable ADC
and start with ADSC
// // 2.5 ADC clocks = 5 us
// DelaySmallCap(); // wait predefined time
//}
R_DDR = 0; // switch current off

R_PORT = 0;
while (ADCSRA&(1<<ADSC)); // wait for conversion finished

adcv[3] = ADCW; // Voltage LowPin with current
#endif
sumvolt[0] += adcv[0]; // add sum of both LowPin voltages with current

sumvolt[1] += adcv[1]; // add HighPin voltages with current
sumvolt[2] += adcv[2]; // add LowPin voltages with current
sumvolt[3] += adcv[3]; // add HighPin voltages with current
} // end for
sumvolt[0] += sumvolt[2];
#ifdef ESR_DEBUG
lcd_testpin(hipin);
lcd_testpin(lopin);
lcd_data(' ');
DisplayValue(sumvolt[0],0,'L',4); // LowPin 1
lcd_line3();
DisplayValue(sumvolt[1],0,'h',4); // HighPin 1
lcd_data(' ');
DisplayValue(sumvolt[3],0,'H',4); // LowPin 2
lcd_line4();
#endif
if ((sumvolt[1] + sumvolt[3]) > sumvolt[0]) {

sumvolt[2] = (sumvolt[1] + sumvolt[3]) - sumvolt[0]; // difference HighPin -
LowPin Voltage with current
} else {
sumvolt[2] = 0;
}
if (PartFound == PART_CAPACITOR) {
sumvolt[2] -= (1745098UL*MAX_CNT) / (cap_val_nF * (cap_val_nF + 19));
}
#ifdef ESR_DEBUG
DisplayValue(sumvolt[2],0,'d',4); // HighPin - LowPin
lcd_data(' ');
#endif
esrvalue = (sumvolt[2] * 10 * (unsigned long)RRpinMI) / (sumvolt[0]+sumvolt[2]);

esrvalue += esrvalue / 14; // esrvalue + 7%
esr0 = (int8_t)pgm_read_byte(&EE_ESR_ZEROtab[hipin+lopin]);
if (esrvalue > esr0) {

esrvalue -= esr0;
} else {
esrvalue = 0;
}
SMCR = (0 << SM0) | (0 << SE); // clear ADC Noise Reduction and Sleep Enable
#endif
return (esrvalue);
#else
return (0);
#endif
}
void us500delay(unsigned int us) // = delayMicroseconds(us) + 500ns

{
#if F_CPU >= 20000000L
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"nop" "\n\t"
"nop"); // just waiting 2 cycles
if (--us == 0) return;
us = (us<<2) + us; // x5 us
#elif F_CPU >= 16000000L

us <<= 2;
#else
us <<= 1;
#endif
__asm__ __volatile__ (
"1: sbiw %0,1" "\n\t" // 2 cycles
"brne 1b" : "=w" (us) : "0" (us) // 2 cycles
);
}
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */

// ca = Pin number (0-2) of the LowPin
// cb = Pin number (0-2) of the HighPin
//=================================================================
void GetVloss() {
// measure voltage drop after load pulse
unsigned int adcv[4];
union t_combi{
unsigned long dw; // capacity value in 100nF units
uint16_t w[2];
} lval;
uint8_t ii;
uint8_t HiPinR_L;
uint8_t LoADC;
if (cap.v_loss > 0) return; // Voltage loss is already known
LoADC = pgm_read_byte(&PinADCtab[cap.ca]) | TXD_MSK;

HiPinR_L = pgm_read_byte(&PinRLtab[cap.cb]); // R_L mask for HighPin R_L load

R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch R_L port for HighPin to output (GND)
adcv[0] = ReadADC(cap.cb); // voltage before any load
// ******** should adcv[0] be measured without current???

if (cap.cpre_max > -9) return; // too much capacity
lval.dw = cap.cval_max;
//for (ii=cap.cpre_max+12;ii<5;ii++) {
for (ii=cap.cpre_max+12;ii<4;ii++) {
lval.dw = (lval.dw + 5) / 10;
}
//if ((lval.dw == 0) || (lval.dw > 500)) {

if ((lval.dw == 0) || (lval.dw > 5000)) {
// capacity more than 50uF, Voltage loss is already measured
return;
}
R_PORT = HiPinR_L; // R_L to 1 (VCC)

R_DDR = HiPinR_L; // switch Pin to output, across R to GND or VCC
for (tmpint=0; tmpint<lval.w[0]; tmpint+=2) {

//wait50us(); // wait exactly 50us
wait5us(); // wait exactly 5us
}
R_DDR = 0; // switch back to input

R_PORT = 0; // no Pull up
//wait10us(); // wait a little time
wdt_reset();
// read voltage without current

ADCconfig.Samples = 5; // set ADC to only 5 samples
adcv[2] = ReadADC(cap.cb);
} else {
}
// wait 2x the time which was required for loading

for (tmpint=0; tmpint<lval.w[0]; tmpint++) {
//wait50us();
wait5us();
}
adcv[3] = ReadADC(cap.cb); // read voltage again, is discharged only a little

bit ?
ADCconfig.Samples = ANZ_MESS; // set ADC back to configured No. of samples
wdt_reset();

} else {
}

// build difference to load voltage
adcv[1] = adcv[2] - adcv[3]; // lost voltage during load time wait
} else {
adcv[1] = 0; // no lost voltage
}
// compute voltage drop as part from loaded voltage

if (adcv[1] > 0) {
// there is any voltage drop (adcv[1]) !
// adcv[2] is the loaded voltage.
cap.v_loss = (unsigned long)(adcv[1] * 500UL) / adcv[2];
}
#if 0
lcd_line3();
DisplayValue(adcv[2],0,' ',4);
DisplayValue(adcv[1],0,' ',4);
lcd_line4();
DisplayValue(lval.w[0],0,'x',4);
#endif
// discharge capacitor again

EntladePins(); // discharge capacitors
// ready

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch all ADC outputs to GND, no pull up
R_PORT = 0; // switch all resistor outputs to GND, no pull up
#endif
return;
} // end GetVloss()
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
void Calibrate_UR(void) {
// get reference voltage, calibrate VCC with external 2.5V and
// get the port output resistance
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
uint16_t sum_rm; // sum of 3 Pin voltages with 680 Ohm load
uint16_t sum_rp; // sum of 3 Pin voltages with 680 Ohm load
uint16_t u680; // 3 * (Voltage at 680 Ohm)
#endif
//--------------------------------------------
ADCconfig.U_AVCC = U_VCC; // set initial VCC Voltage
ADCconfig.Samples = 190; // set number of ADC reads near to maximum

ADC_PORT = TXD_VAL; // switch to 0V
ADC_DDR = (1<<TPREF) | TXD_MSK; // switch pin with 2.5V reference to GND
wait1ms();
ADC_DDR = TXD_MSK; // switch pin with reference back to input
trans.uBE[1] = W5msReadADC(TPREF); // read voltage of 2.5V precision reference
if ((trans.uBE[1] > 2250) && (trans.uBE[1] < 2750)) {

// precision voltage reference connected, update U_AVCC
WithReference = 1;
ADCconfig.U_AVCC = (unsigned long)((unsigned long)ADCconfig.U_AVCC * 2495) /
trans.uBE[1];
}
#endif
#ifdef WITH_AUTO_REF
(void) ReadADC(MUX_INT_REF); // read reference voltage
ref_mv = W5msReadADC(MUX_INT_REF); // read reference voltage
RefVoltage(); // compute RHmultip = f(reference voltage)
#else
ref_mv = DEFAULT_BAND_GAP; // set to default Reference Voltage
#endif
ADCconfig.U_Bandgap = ADC_internal_reference; // set internal reference voltage

for ADC
//--------------------------------------------
#ifdef AUTO_CAL
// measurement of internal resistance of the ADC port outputs switched to GND
R_PORT = 1<<(TP1*2); // R_L-PORT 1 to VCC
R_DDR = 1<<(TP1*2); // Pin 1 to output and over R_L to VCC
sum_rm = W5msReadADC(TP1);

sum_rm += W5msReadADC(TP2);

sum_rm += W5msReadADC(TP3); // add all three values
// measurement of internal resistance of the ADC port output switched to VCC

R_PORT = 0; // R-Ports to GND
ADC_PORT = 1<<TP1 | TXD_VAL; // ADC-Port 1 to VCC
R_DDR = 1<<(TP1*2); // Pin 1 to output and over R_L to GND
sum_rp = ADCconfig.U_AVCC - W5msReadADC(TP1);

sum_rp += ADCconfig.U_AVCC - W5msReadADC(TP2);

sum_rp += ADCconfig.U_AVCC - W5msReadADC(TP3);
u680 = ((ADCconfig.U_AVCC * 3) - sum_rm - sum_rp); // three times the voltage

at the 680 Ohm
pin_rmi = (unsigned long)((unsigned long)sum_rm * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) /
(unsigned long)u680;
//adcmv[2] = pin_rm; // for last output in row 2
pin_rpl = (unsigned long)((unsigned long)sum_rp * (unsigned long)R_L_VAL) /
(unsigned long)u680;
resis680pl = pin_rpl + R_L_VAL;
resis680mi = pin_rmi + R_L_VAL;
#endif
ADCconfig.Samples = ANZ_MESS; // set to configured number of ADC samples

}
/* -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=-
-=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- -=- */
// Interfacing a HD44780 compatible LCD with 4-Bit-Interface mode
#warning "strip-grid-board layout selected!"
#endif
void lcd_set_cursor(uint8_t row, uint8_t col)

{
int row_offsets[] = { 0x00, 0x40, 0x14, 0x54 };
if ( row >= 2 ) {
row = 1;
}
lcd_command(CMD_SetDDRAMAddress | (col + row_offsets[row]));
uart_newline();
}
void lcd_string(char *data) {

while(*data) {
lcd_data(*data);
data++;
}
}
void lcd_pgm_string(const unsigned char *data) {
unsigned char cc;
while(1) {
cc = pgm_read_byte(data);
if((cc == 0) || (cc == 128)) return;
lcd_data(cc);
data++;
}
}
void lcd_pgm_custom_char(uint8_t location, const unsigned char *chardata) {

location &= 0x7;
lcd_command(CMD_SetCGRAMAddress | (location << 3));
for(uint8_t i=0;i<8;i++) {
lcd.write(pgm_read_byte(chardata));
chardata++;
}
}
// sends numeric character (Pin Number) to the LCD

// from binary 0 we send ASCII 1
void lcd_testpin(unsigned char temp) {
lcd_data(temp + '1');
}
// send space character to LCD

void lcd_space(void) {
lcd_data(' ');
}
void lcd_fix_string(const unsigned char *data) {

unsigned char cc;
while(1) {
cc = MEM_read_byte(data);
if((cc == 0) || (cc == 128)) return;
lcd_data(cc);
data++;
}
}
// sends data byte to the LCD

void lcd_data(unsigned char temp1) {
lcd.write(temp1);
switch(temp1) {
case LCD_CHAR_DIODE1: {
uart_putc('>'); uart_putc('|'); break;
}
case LCD_CHAR_DIODE2: {
uart_putc('|'); uart_putc('<'); break;
}
case LCD_CHAR_CAP: {
uart_putc('|'); uart_putc('|'); break;
}
case LCD_CHAR_RESIS1:
case LCD_CHAR_RESIS2: {
uart_putc('R'); break;
}
case LCD_CHAR_U: { // micro
uart_putc('u'); // ASCII u
break;
}
case LCD_CHAR_OMEGA: { // Omega
uart_putc('o'); // "ohm"
uart_putc('h');
uart_putc('m'); break;
}
default: {
uart_putc(temp1);
}
}
}
void lcd_clear(void) {
lcd.clear();
uart_newline();
}
void uart_putc(uint8_t data) {

Serial.write(data);
delay(2);
}

Tester Code v1.1.08

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Tester Code v1.1.08

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#include <avr/io.

#define MCU atmega328p

// Select your language:

// The LCD_CYRILLIC option is necessary, if you have a display with cyrillic

// Option STRIP_GRID_BOARD selects different board-layout, do not set for standard

// The WITH_SELFTEST option enables selftest function (only for mega168 or

// AUTO_CAL will enable the autocalibration of zero offset of capacity measurement

// FREQUENCY_50HZ enables a 50 Hz frequency generator for up to one minute at the

// The WITH_AUTO_REF option enables reading of internal REF-voltage to get factors

// The PULLUP_DISABLE option disable the pull-up Resistors of IO-Ports.

// To adjust the warning-level and poor-level of battery check to the capability of

// ******** end of selectable options

#define ADC_PORT PORTC

#define R_DDR DDRB

#define ON_DDR DDRD

// Port(s) / Pins for LCD

#define HW_LCD_RS_PORT PORTD

#define HW_LCD_B4_PORT PORTD

#define HW_LCD_B4_PORT PORTD

// U_VCC defines the VCC Voltage of the ATmega in mV units

#define U_VCC 5000

// R_ANZ_MESS can be set to a higher number of measurements (up to 200) for

// ######## End of configuration

#if R_ANZ_MESS < ANZ_MESS

#if E2END > 0X1FF

#define MEM_read_word(a) eeprom_read_word(a)

// RH_OFFSET : systematic offset of resistor measurement with RH (470k)

// TP2_CAP_OFFSET is a additionally offset for TP2 capacity measurements in pF

// select the right Processor Typ

// automatic selection of right call type

// automatic selection of option and parameters for different AVRs

// Pin resistor values of ATmega168

#define PIN_RM 200

#define PIN_RM 200

#define PIN_RM 196

#define LONG_WAIT_TIME 28000

// defines for the WITH_UART option

#define TxD 3 // TxD-Pin of Software-UART; must be at Port C !

// self build characters

#define LCD_CHAR_DEGREE 0xdf // Character for degree

#endif // #ifndef ADC_PORT

#if defined (MAIN_C)

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

// with integer factors the ADC-value will be changed to mV resolution in ReadADC !

// Strings in PROGMEM or in EEprom

#if defined(LANG_GERMAN) // deutsch

#if defined(LANG_ENGLISH) // english

// Strings, which are not dependent of any language

const unsigned char Uf_str[] MEM_TEXT = "Uf=";

#if FLASHEND > 0x1fff

const unsigned char VERSION_str[] MEM2_TEXT = "Ttester 1.08.001";

const unsigned char AnKat[] MEM_TEXT = {'-', LCD_CHAR_DIODE1, '-',0};

const unsigned char PinRLtab[] PROGMEM = { (1<<(TP1*2)), (1<<(TP2*2)),

const uint8_t PrefixTab[] MEM_TEXT = { 'p','n',LCD_CHAR_U,'m',0,'k','M'}; //

const uint8_t EE_ESR_ZEROtab[] PROGMEM = {ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO, ESR_ZERO};

// Multiplier for capacity measurement with R_H (470KOhm)

extern const uint8_t EE_ESR_ZEROtab[] EEMEM; // zero offset of ESR measurement

const unsigned char PinRLtab[] PROGMEM = { (1<<(TP12)), (1<<(TP22)),