Problem 3.22 Consider a three-dimensional vector space spanned by an orthonor- mal basis |1), |2), [3). Kets a) and |) are given by fx) = i) = 2]2) i ]3), 18) = iI) +213). (a) Construct (a| and (A| (in terms of the dual basis (1), (2), (3). (b) Find (a8) and (|), and confirm that (B|@) = (a|B)*. (c) Find all nine matrix elements of the operator A = |a)(8}, in this basis, and construct the matrix A. Is it hermitian?Problem 3.23 The Hamiltonian for a certain two-level system is a (HAI=AI+INAI+ VAD. Where |1),|2) is an orthonormal basis and « is a number with the dimensions of ‘energy. Find its eigenvalues and eigenvectors (as linear combinations of |1) and [2)). What is the matrix H representing A with respect to this basis? Problem 3.24 Let @ be an operator with a complete set of orthonormal eigenvec- tors: Olen) = quien) (m= 1,2.3,...). Show that @ can be writen in tems of ts spectral decomposition: 6 = Y anlendenl Hint: An operator is characterized by its action on all possible vectors, so what ‘you must show is that la) = {Seine} (a), for any vector ja) FURTHER PROBLEMS FOR CHAPTER 3 KXieobien 3.25 Legendre polynomials. Use the Gram-Schmidt procedure (Prob- ‘A4) to onhonormalize the fonctions 1. x, x2, and x°, onthe interval ~1 < x = 1. You may recognize the results—they are (apart from the normalization) ®> Legendre polynomials (Table 4.1). Problem 3.26 An anti-hermitian (or skew-hermitian) operator is equal to minus its hermitian conjugate: ines O=-0 13.95) (a) Show that the expectation value of an anti-hermitian operator imaginary. (0) Show that the commutator of two hemitian operators is ant-hermitian. How about the commutator of two anichermitian operators?Problem 3.22 (@) [== 261+ aa _GI= HT 2 (6) (ol) = it 22+ ap GI +2) = CAAA + «2}) (fa) = (ia + 248) (2) ~ a) = ANNUM + BH) | © Any = (loh(91) = C(I) =H; Are = Qladiala) = CLO) 2% ‘Aas = Blah) = (-2)(—i) = 2; Are = {a} = (-2H0) = 0; Aas = lah) = (-2)02) = —t Ag, = (Blah) = (=H) = =H; Asp = la} = (INO) = 0, Ass = Bia) = (=) = =H. 10% a= (260-4). [Roi]ie not eran A108, Problem 3.23 Write the eigenvector a fe) =eq[1) +2), an al the eigenealue £. The eigenvale eation i Alo) = eh) BR|+1}Al+ AD Ca} Feai2N = ele HelB) eae) eet) even) + (4 ~ ent) = BY) = Blalt} +e Ho to)= Baa (Et): dyads tan ‘The igevectrs ae: "The Hanon matic G te Problem 3.24 lo} = Deals) + Gla) = TO) = Teninalee = ulead ) + 0=DasleaderProblem 3.26 0) (Q) = (1QW) = (@lv}e) = —(@ohe} = VIN)” = QP, v0 (Q) is mary. (0) From Problem 2.5(¢) me know that (PQ) = Q'P 90 P= Pr and Q= QF then [2,G) = (PQ- Qi = GIP PQ! QP PO = RQ) 1 P= Ph and Q= 0) ten [P,}! = QIP1 — PQ! = (-Q\-P)~(-PN-O) on ether cae the eomadato is ant Staten. -(P.0)