gˆB \VÁB

∂§QÏ ∂ıV
4 gˆB\VÁB ∂§QÏ ∂ıV 5

x[–Á´
gˆB \VÁB
º√´VÁƒ© ÿ√ÚÕ>ÁÔºB º√Vu§!
""gˆB \VÁB'' ®–D ÷flEÆ ±_, ÂV[ √È
º√ƒ ÂV ÷´ı|Á¶BVF º√Vu§!
ƒ\B∫ÔπºÈ ®ø]B Ô‚|Á´ÔÁ·› ÿ>Vz›mD, ÷™ >Õ]´ JÏ›] º√Vu§!
>VƒÏ >D >ÁÈkV º√Vu§!
®øflE¬z© √V|√|D gu≈ȧQÏÔπ[ g´VFflE•Á´
kfiƒÔ ºkÕº> º√Vu§!
ÔÁ·› ]´‚Ω•D ÿkπl¶©√|˛≈m. º\uºÔV^Ô^ √È k[Ô ÂV>V º√Vu§!
>´©√‚|^·™. (√Ω¬Ô \‚|º\B[§© ∏≈Ú¬z s≠B ÿÔV|Á\¬ zV·V º√Vu§!
ºÔVÁwºB º√Vu§! º√Vu§!
s·¬Ô\Vu≈°D, ƒÕº>Ô∫ÔÁ·© º√V¬Ô°D, \Vu≈Vˆ[ √B∫ÿÔV^π© √´\V º√Vu§!
®]Ï©AÁ´Ô”¬z \Æ©AÁ´ >´°D ÷Õ±_ ÿ√ˆmD √|º\VƒD AˆkVFº√Vu§!
Eı| xΩÕ]|ºkVF º√Vu§!
√B[√|D ®[Æ ÔÚm˛º≈[. º√flƒV·Ú¬z© Eˆ›]| ˆºB º√Vu§!
º√Ú√ÔVˆBVÔ ÷Õ±_ ÷Ú¬zD.) Œ‚|s›Á> Ôuº≈VF º√Vu§!
cBÏ ∂¿] cϺkVF º√Vu§!
®D ÷™D ÿÔ|›º>VF º√Vu§!
~Ω_ÈV¬ ºÔº¶ º√Vu§!
E. ®[. ∂ıVmÁ´ ÷Á´, ÷º>V º√Vu§! º√Vu§!
∞›]º™[ º√Vu§! º√Vu§!
÷Õ>© º√Vu§› ]Ú©√V, AmÁ\BV™>VÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈º>!
÷>[ ÿ√VÚ^ s·∫Ôs_ÁȺB! º√´VÁƒ•D
kfiƒÔxD, ∏≈°\V™ ºÔ| √B¬zD zxÁ¶ºBVÁ´©
6 gˆB\VÁB
º√VuÆkm \Á¶Á\B[º≈V? Œa›]¶ ºkıΩBÁ>›
ÿ>Vø]|km ∂§°Á¶BVz\V? º>Á·› º>kÿ™[ÆD,
√VDÁ√© √´\ÿ™[ÆD, ˆÁB ÂV>º™ ®[ÆD, AoÁB
AıËBkVÿ™[ÆD, ∏›>Ú∫ Ì≈Vº´! ¿ºBV
ÂBkfiƒÔÁ´äÂV ÷´ı|Á¶BVÁ´, ÂVkV´
kVµ›m˛≈VºB º√Vu§! º√Vu§! ®[Æ, ÷m ®[™ √´>V?
®[Æ ºÔ‚√Ï, ∂[√Ï. ∂ΩºB[ ∂Á≈k>_È nB[*Ï!
Â\m ÷™›]ºÈ c^·™º´ ... sˆÕ> \™©√V[Á\•D,
√´Õ> √VƒxD, ÔMÕ> c^·xD, ÔÚÁ ÿk^·x∫
ÿÔVı¶ "ƒuÛ›]´ÏÔ^'ä∂kÏÔ^ ƒ>VÔVÈxD, gˆBÁ´©
º√Vu§ kVø˛≈VÏÔ·_ÈkV? ∂kÏÔ^ º√Vu§›
ÿ>Vø]|D "Ø∑´ˆ[' ]Ú¬ÔoBV z∫ÔÁ·
∂§Õº>VÏ ®|›mÁ´›m^·™Ï. ∂ΩºB–Á¶B ºkÁÈ;
∂kuÁ≈› ÿ>Vz›m© √VÏ©√™ √¬>ÏÔ^ ¶›mD
"º√Vu§ º√Vu§' •¶[ ÷Á›m, ∂kƒ´›]ºÈ
∂ÔkÈV¬˛ cDt¶D >Õ>m >V[! ÂV[ gˆBÁ´©
º√Vu≈°t_ÁÈ, º√Vu§¶¬ Ì≈°t_ÁÈ! ∂mº√VȺk
ÂV[ ∂kÏÔÁ· ∞ƒ°D ÷_ÁÈ; ∞E|D√Ω c∫ÔÁ·
∞s¶°D ÷_ÁÈ. ∏≈Ï Ì§B ∞ƒÁÈ ®|›m¬ ÌÆ˛º≈[.
∂¬´ÔV´›Á> ∂–]™xD ∂ÏflE¬zD ∂[√ÏÔ^
"∞ı¶V √´>V! ®¬ÔV´D √u§, ®Õ> g>V´›][ *m ¿
غ>kÁ´ ÂBkfiƒÔÿ´[Æ ÂV›>|\V≈Vm ÌÆ˛≈VF,
√|º\Vƒ¬ÔV´V ®[Æ √>u≈D º√∑˛≈VF, √È©√È Ì§
∞∑˛≈VF, √V√ J‚Á¶ÁBfl ∑\¬˛≈VF, √Vs ¿
ÿ´·´kV] ´ԛ]_ cwKkVF, º√V' ®[Æ ƒ∏©√Ï.
c∫Ô”¬z¬ ÌÆ˛º≈[; #u≈È_È, ÂV[ ÿ>Vz›]‚¶
÷©√V; √[ÿ™| ÂV‚Ô”¬z x[A √¶D ∏Ω›>VÏ {Ï
√´∫˛. ∂>Á™ ÂV[ ÷[Æ ÿkπl|˛º≈[. ƒ´¬z
ÂDxÁ¶B>_È! ÷_ÈV>Á> ®|›m¬ ÔV‚Ω¬
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 7
ÌÆkm\_È! *ı|ÿ\VÚ xÁ≈ ÷©º√Vº> º√Vu§©
√V∑´›Á>© √Ω•∫Ô^. √Ω›yÏÔ·V! ƒˆ, ÷º>V √VÚ∫Ô^,
EÈ g∫˛Èfl ÿƒVuÔ^!!
Avarice, Ambition, Cunning, Wily, Doubletongued Service,
Insinuating, Injustice, Fraud, Dishonest, Oppression, Intrigue.
÷M, ÷Õ> g∫˛Èfl ÿƒVuÔ”¬z› >ta_ ®[™
ÿ√VÚ^ ®[√Á> ∂Ô´V]l[ c>sÿÔVı| √VÚ∫Ô^.
∏≈z. ÂV[ y‚ΩB º√Vu§© √V∑´D ƒˆBV, tÁÔ©√|›]
º™™V, >k≈V? ®[√m √u§ ºBVE•∫Ô^.
º>VwÏÔº·! ÷›>ÁÔB √>∫Ô·V_ gˆBÁ´ ∂ÏflE›
]Ú¬˛≈VÏ. "g∏ ΩR √V' ®–D ∂§QÏ. ÷[≈_È ºÂu≈_È;
¶V¬¶Ï ÂVBˆ[ x´∑ ºÔ‚¶_È; kz©AkV> Âflƒ´°
ÔΩ›>>VÈ_È; ÔıV´¬ Ôı¶Á>¬ ÔÚ›>V´ cÏÕm,
ÂVkV´ cÁ´›>VÏ. 1807ä÷_
"Hindu Manners Customs and Ceremonies" ®[≈ ±_ Abbe
J. A. Dubois ®[√k´V_, 1807ägD gı| ÿkπl¶©
√‚¶m. ∂]ºÈ √VÏ©√™Á´ ∂kÏ ÷ÀkıD ∂ÏflE›
]Ú¬˛≈VÏ! gˆB ÷™ ÷B_Á√, tÔ› ÿ>πkVÔ›
y‚ΩlÚ¬˛≈VÏ! ÷Às> ÷B_AÁ¶B ÷™›Á>›>V[
÷[ÆD >twˆu √ÈÏ ÿ>Vøm kÚ˛[≈™Ï; cBÏ ¤V]
®[Æ cÁ´¬˛[≈™Ï. "ƒVt' ®[Æ ƒVuÆ˛[≈™Ï. ®[º™
∂kÏ >D WÁÈ.
g∏ ΩR√V, ∏ÿ´fi∑© √V]ˆ. ÷∫zfl ∑\VÏ 150
gı|Ô”¬z x[™Ï, >VD Ôı¶§Õ> cıÁ\ÁB ®ø]
Ák›>VÏ. ∂]ºÈ, √VÏ©√™ˆ[ √ıA √u§ ∂kÏ
kÚˬÁÔlºÈ, ∂kÏ ∏´ºBV˛›m^· √>∫ÔÁ·ºB
ÂV[ º√Vu§© √V∑´\V¬˛¬ ÔV‚Ωº™[. "∂kÏ
8 gˆB\VÁB
y‚Ω•^·m >k≈V™m; ÔV\VÁȬ ÔÚ›mÁ¶BkÏ ∂kÏ'
®[Æ BVÚD ̧¶°D xΩBVm. ~Ω_ÈV> ""÷Õm''
√›]ˆÁÔ, g∏ ΩR√Vs[ ±K¬z \]©AÁ´
>Õ]Ú¬˛≈m. ∂m \‚|\V? ∂[Æ ∂©√V]ˆBVÏ Ì§B
∂º> WÁÈlºÈºB ÷∫z \¬Ô^ ÷[ÆD c^·™Ï
®[ÆD ""÷Õm'' ®ø]uÆ.
gˆBˆ_ BVº´V {Ï ∂ºBV¬˛BÁ™, ®[º≈V ŒÚ ÂV^
∂Õ> ÿkπÂV‚|¬ÔV´[ Ôı|s‚|© ÿ√Vm©√Á¶
BVÔ© AÔ_km \¶Á\B[º≈V? ®ÕÂV‚ΩKD, ®Õ>
÷™›]KD ∂ºBV¬˛BÏÔ^ EÈÏ ÷Ú©√Ï; ∂>uÔVÔ ∂Õ>
÷™º\ ∂›>ÁÔB ÷B_AÁ¶Bm ®[Æ ÷BD√ÈV\V?
÷m xÁ≈BV, ∂wÔV? ®[Æ ºÔ‚√Ï EÈÏ! xÁ≈BVÔVm
®[Æ ÂV[ xDxÁ≈ ÌÆ˛º≈[. ∂wÔ_È ®[Æ gÆ
>¶Ák ºkı|\Vl–D ÿƒV_˛º≈[. {Ï gπ[ ÿÔ‚¶
z›Á> g>V´\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı|, ∂Õ> g^ ®Õ>
÷™›>kº´V, ∂Õ> ÷™›Á>ºB ∂¬zu≈flƒV‚|¬z
c^·V¬zkm \¶Á\>V[.
g™V_, g∏ ΩR√V, x©√m gı|Ô^ ÷∫z
cÈs™VÏ; ÂV| xøkmD ∑u§™VÏ; \¬Ôπ[ ∂[≈V¶
kVµ¬ÁÔlÁ™¬ ÌÏÕm ÔkM›>VÏ. gˆB ÷™›][
÷B_∏Á™, c^·m c^·kVÆ Ôı¶ ∏≈ºÔ, ∞‚Ω_
®ø]™VÏ.
ƒˆ, g∏ ΩR√V ∏ÿ´fi∑© √V]ˆ; ∂kÏ ∏´V[∑ ÿ\Va
lºÈ ®ø]lÚ©√VÏ. ∂Á> g∫˛È\V¬˛BkÏ ÔlÆ ]ˆ›
]Ú¬Ô¬ ̶Vº>V? ®[Æ ƒVÔƒfl E›>ÏÔ^ ºÔ‚√Ï. g∏
ΩR√Vs[ ∏ÿ´fi∑ ±ÁÈ, g∫˛È\V¬˛BkÏÔ^ H.K.
Ø[ƒV\© ®[–D g∫˛ÈÏ >VD. g™V_, ∂>Á™ º\u
√VÏÁk ÿƒF>kº´V, C.V. x–ƒVt nBÏ ®–D Ø∑´º´!
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 9
>kÆ ÷Ú©∏[, ∂k´V ∑D\V ÷Ú©√VÏ? gÔºk g∏
ΩR√V, gˆBÁ´ Â[z ∂§Õº> ÷∫Ù™D ∂ÏflE›]Ú¬
˛≈VÏ. gˆB \VÁBl_ ∂kÏ E¬˛fl ÿƒV¬ÔV>
ÔV´›>V_, c^·m c^·√Ω y‚Ω¶ xΩÕ>m.
∂ÏflƒÁ™ ˛¶¬Ô‚|D ∂[√ÏÔº·! ∂kÏ y‚Ω•^·
kVƒÔ¬ ÔÚ›m¬Ô^ EÈku§Á™¬ ºÔCÏ!
""º√´VÁƒ ®[√m ∂Õ>© √VÏ©√™ ÷™›>kÏ
ŒÀÿkVÚkÚ¬zD ÷B_A. ®™ºk, ∂kÏÔ^ ºk>VÕ]Ô^
º√V[≈ s´¬] WÁÈl_ kVw xΩk]_ÁÈ!''
÷m g∏ ΩR√Vs[ kVƒÔD. ÷[ÆD ÷]ºÈ xø
cıÁ\ ÷Ú›>ÁÈ cÈz ∂§•D. \VBVºk>D º√∑D
ƒ∫Ô´VflƒVˆÔ^, ÿ√Vu√_Ȭ˛_ ƒkVˆ ÿƒFkm ÷[ÆD
>Vº™ ¶¬˛≈m! ºk>VÕ>xD s´¬]•D, sÚÕmD,
Ák√kx\VÔ¬ ÔV‚EBπ©√Á>¬ ÔVs_ÁÈBV?
÷Á>›>V[ g∏ ΩR√V ∂[º≈ ̧™VÏ.
>Õ]´D, ÂBkfiƒÔD, ÷´‚Á¶ ÂV¬z, √_oπ›m
Wu√m x>oB™ ∂kÏÔπ¶D ÷BuÁÔBVÔºk
÷Ú¬˛[≈™. ®©√ΩBVkm ∂´ƒÏÔÁ· ∂ıΩ© √>s
ÿ√Ækº> ∂kÏÔ^ ºÂV¬ÔD ®[Æ, g∏ ®øm˛≈VÏ.
÷>uzfl ƒˆ>D ∂º™Ôfl ƒV[Æ >Ú˛≈m. A´V
÷]ÔVƒÔVÈ \[™ÏÔ^ ˆ¥Ôπ¶xD, xMkÏÔπ¶xD,
√B√¬] s∑kVƒ›m¶[ ¶Õm ÿÔVı¶™Ï; >\m \Ë
xΩÁB•D ÔVˬÁÔBVÔ› >Õ>™Ï; ∂kÏÔ^ ®m
ºÔ‚¶VKD kw∫˛™Ï; ∂kÏÔ^ ÔVÈVo‚¶
ºkÁÈÁB› >ÁÈBV_ ÿƒF>™Ï ®[ÿ≈_ÈVD
√Ω¬˛º≈VD. ƒˆ›]´ ÔVÈ \[™ÏÔπ¶D ƒÏ\V¬Ô”D,
nBÏ, nB∫ÔVÏÔ”D, ]kV[Ô·VÔ°D, \Õ]ˆÔ·VÔ°D
kVµÕ>™Ï. ÷º>V ÷[ÆD ]Ús>V∫ÌÚ¬z BVÏ
10 gˆB\VÁB
]kV[? ƒÏ.E.∏. nBÏ>Vº™, √º´V¶VsºÈ ƒÏ.
T.V. ˛Úi\VflƒVˆ, º\kVˆºÈ ƒÏ. s¤B´VÔkVflƒVˆ
®[Æ>V[ √‚ΩB_ ÔVxΩ•D. Â\m \VÔV ƒÏ¬ÔVÏ
Ê©ÿƒ¬´ΩˆBVÔ ÷ÚÕm, ÷[Æ gºÈVƒÔ´VÔ ÷Ú©√kÏ
ŒÚ S.V. ÷´V\JÏ›] nBÏ>V[! Â\m \VÔV x>_
\Õ]ˆBVÔ ÷ÚÕ>kÏ, {Ï ÷´V¤ ºÔV√VÈVflƒVˆBVÏ >V[!
Â\m \VÔV ƒ‚¶ WA´VÔ, ∂‚kºÔ‚ ÿ¤™´ÈVÔ
÷Ú©√kÏ. ŒÚ ƒÏ ∂_ÈVΩ nBÏ>V[! g∏ΩR√V 1807ä_
̧Bm, ÷[ÆD ∏´›B‚ƒ cıÁ\BVÔ, c^·∫ÁÔ
ÿÂ_o¬ÔMBVÔ ä ∂mk_È ÿ√VÚ›>\V™ kVƒÔD ä
ÁÔ©AıVÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[Æ Ìƺk[. ÷m>V[
ÿ√VÚ›>\V™ c√\V™D!
∂¬ÔVÈ›m \[™ÏÔÁ· ∂ıΩ© √>s ÿ√u≈ ∏≈z
∂¿], º\VƒD, ∂ºBV¬˛B›>™D, ÿÔV|Á\ x>oB™
AˆB gˆBÏ mËkÏ ®[Æ, g∏. ΩR√V ®øm˛≈VÏ. Eı|
xΩÕm s|k]ºÈ, ÔÈÔ J‚|k]ºÈ ∂kÏÔ^ ÁÔº>ÏÕ>
kÏÔ^ ®[ÆD ÌÆ˛≈VÏ. ÷_ÈV\ÈV ÔÈÔ›Á>ºB
ÔVˆB\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı¶ ŒÚ º>k[ cı| ®[≈ ÔÁ>ÁB
Ák›]Ú¬Ô gˆB \™D ÷¶D >Õ>m? ÂV´>Á´› ÿ>VøD
√¬> EÔV\ËÔ·_ÈkV ∂kÏÔ^! ®∫ºÔ º√VzD ∂Õ>©
√È[! Â\m ÷™›][ >ÁÈlºÈ kÕm sΩ˛≈m!
]≈Á\ƒVoÔ^ ®[√>uÔVÔ© √VÏ©√™Á´© √VÏ›]√Ï
Ô^ √>sl_ ∂\Ï›]™Ï ®[√m \‚|\_È; \u≈
\¬Ôπ¶D cBÏ ¤V] ®[Æ ÿ√ÚÁ\ º√E, ∂kÏÔÁ·¬
Ô‚|©√|›mD ""ƒ¬]''ÁB gˆBÏ ÿ√u§Ú©√>V_,
∂kÏÔÁ· ºkÁÈlºÈ ÷Ú¬Ôfl ÿƒF>V_ ƒV>V´
\¬Ôπ[ ƒ^Á· ÷´Vm ®[√>uÔVÔºk ºkÕ>ÏÔ^
ºkıΩ™Ï ºk]BÁ´ ®[≈ cıÁ\ÁB•D g∏ ΩR√V
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 11
®øm˛≈VÏ. ÷[ÆD ŒÚ √^πlºÈ gEˆB´VÔ
÷Ú©∏–D, ºÔVloºÈ ØÁƒ AˆºkV´VÔ ÷Ú©∏–D,
º\V‚ƒ ºÈVÔ› >´Ô´VÔ ÷Ú©∏–D, EuÆıΩ
su√k™VÔ ÷Ú©∏–D ∂kÏÔπ¶xD Â\m ÷™›>kÏ
®Àk·° ∂¶∫˛ Œ|∫˛ c^·™Ï ®[√Á>© √VÚ∫Ô^!
√VÏ©√™Á´© √a¬ÔVº>! ∂m "\ÔV© √VkD' ®[Æ ÌÆD
\™©√V[Á\ ÷[ÆD ÷Ú¬˛≈m. ÷Àk·°¬zD ∂kÏÔ^
∂ƒÔVB Û´´_È, T´D ∂kÏÔ”¬z¬ ˛Á¶BVm, ºÔVÁw
c^·D √Á¶›>kÏÔ^ ∂kÏÔ^ ®[Æ ΩR√V ÌÆ˛≈VÏ.
√Á¶ ®[≈V_ ÿ>VÁ¶ Â|∫zD Ì‚¶D, √Á¶ T´Á´
∂¶¬˛ Ák›]Ú©√m ®>™V_? gˆB \VÁBlºÈ ®D ÷™
\¬Ô^ TµÕm ˛¶©√>™VÈ[º≈V? g∏ ΩR√V º√V[≈
∂§QÏÔ^ gˆBˆ[ z›]Á™ ®|›m¬ ̧lÚ©√Á>,
Â|WÁÈl[ W[Æ ºBVE©√kÏ gˆBÁ´© º√Vu§
kVµkV´V? ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈[.
""∂[™VF kVa ºkı¶[Á™ ÂDJÏ©
√VÏ©√™¬ zÆ\Ô© º√VÈ› >Vx∫
z|t› >ÁÈB \[≈
ÿÂ|\ÁÈ ÂV¶˚ÏÕ> \Vºk!''
(n∫zƱÆ)
""∂D\V, ∂kÏ z]Á´ *º>§ kÚ˛≈VÏ ÿÔD¨´\VÔ!''
""BV´Ω kÚkm?''
""ÿ√ˆB \ÁÈÔ^ ÛµÕ> ÂV‚|Á¶B >ÁÈkÏ √ˆ
*º>§ kÚ˛≈VÏ.''
""ƒˆ ∂]ÿÈ[™ sB©A¬ ÔVı˛[≈VF?''
12 gˆB\VÁB
""∂Õ>¬ z]Á´ >ÁÈÁB ∂Áƒ›m¬ ÿÔVı|
kÚ˛≈º>, ∂m ºkΩ¬ÁÔBVÔ ÷Ú¬z>D\V!'
""∂]ÿÈ[™Ω ºkΩ¬ÁÔ! \ÔV ºkΩ¬ÁÔ.''
""z]Á´ >ÁÈÁB ∂Áƒ¬zDº√Vm ÿÔV›>VÔ,
÷Ú¬zD z|t•D ̶ºk Ì›>V|˛≈m. ∂Á>©
√VÏ›>V_ Eˆ©Aı¶V˛≈m.''
""z]Á´¬z› >ÁÈlºÈ z|t gΩ™V_, Eˆ©A k´¬
ÔV´D ®[™Ω?''
""∞™D\V! Â\m ªˆºÈ c^· √VÏ©√™Ï >ÁÈl[
cflE¬z|t, ∂kÏÔ^ ¶¬zDº√Vm Ì›>V|˛≈º>,
∂Á>© º√VÈ ÷_ÁÈBV ∂Õ>¬ ÔV‚E? ∂>™V_>V[,
®™¬zfl Eˆ©A cı¶VluÆ!''
""º√VΩ zÆDA¬ÔVˆ!''
T] kaºB ÿƒ_K˛≈V[ z]Á´ T´[! z]Á´
>ÁÈBÁƒ¬Ô ∂>[ z|t g|˛≈m. ÷Á>¬Ôıbu≈
º>Va¬z© √VÏ©√™ˆ[ z|t WÁ™suz kÚ˛≈m.
ÂÁÔ¬˛≈V^! Ôı¶Á>•D ÿÔVı¶ ÔÚ›Á>•D >ÁÈs¬z
ÌÆ˛≈V^ √wÕ>twÔ›]ºÈ. ÷¬ÔÚ›m¬ ÿÔVı¶
ÔsÁ>ºB, º\ºÈ z§›]Ú©√m, n∫zÆ ±Æ ®–D
∞‚ΩK^·m. ®|›m¬ Ô‚ΩBm\_È! ~º´V‚|fl
ƒ´¬z\_È!
ŒÚ ÔVÈD ÷ÚÕ>m. >twÏÔ^ gˆBÁ´ ÂÁÔ©A¬zˆB
¶\V|D cÚk∫Ô·VÔ¬ ÔÚ]B ÔVÈD. gˆB ÷™D ºkÆ
®[≈ ®ıD \∫ÔV]ÚÕ> ÔVÈD. gˆB›Á>¬ ºÔo¬
Ì›>VÔ¬ ÔÚ]B ÔVÈD! ÷[º≈V, gˆBÁ´© º√V[≈
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 13
A›]¬ ÌÏÁ\, gƒV´ ∂–i¶V™D, ºÂ\ WiÁ¶, ØÁ¤
A™¸ÔV´D. ÂÁ¶•Á¶√VkÁ™ ÷Ú©√º> >twÚ¬zfl
ÊÈ›Á>•D EÈV¬˛B›Á>•D >ÚD ®[≈ >k≈V™ ÔÚ›m›
>Áw›m¬ ˛¶¬˛≈m! ÔVÈD xÁ·¬Ôfl ÿƒF> ÷Õ>¬ Ô^π
√¶ÏÕ]Ú©√>VºÈºB, ÂVƒ Âflƒ´°Ô^ ÷∫z ¶\VΩ›
>twÏ ƒx>VB›Á>› yıΩ› yF›m kÚ˛[≈™!
gˆB¬ ÔÈVflƒV´D ºkÆ, ]´Vs¶Ï ÔÈVflƒV´D ºkÆ
®[√m √u§ g´VFflEBV·ÏÔ^ ÿ>πkVÔºk ̧•^
·™Ï. ÿ¤Ï\[ g´VFflEBV·ÏÔº· x>o_ gˆB
ÂVÔˆÔD, ÿ\Va, ÔÁÈ g˛Bku§Á™ kV™·Vk©
AÔµÕ>™Ï. \V¬¸ x_ÈÏ ®–D ÿ¤Ï\VMBÏ,
÷©√ËlºÈ ~|√‚¶º√Vm ÷∫z ∂¬´ÔV´D g™Õ>¬
Ì›>VΩuÆ! ""ºk>D ¸tÚ] ®[√kuƬz º\™V‚¶VÏ
®Àk·° \]©A› >Ú˛[≈™Ï √VZÏ! ®\m AÔµ ®∫zD
√´s¶¬ ºÔCÏ!'' ®[Æ º√E™Ï, ؈›>™Ï. g∏ ΩR√V
º√VÈ, gˆB ÷™›][ ÷B_∏Á™¬ ÔΩÕm Ì≈V\_,
AÔµÕm º√EB ÿ¤Ï\[ g´VFflEBV·ÏÔπ[ A_ȧsÁ™©
ÿ√V∑¬Ô© A]B g´VFflEBV·Ï º>V[≈ÈVl™Ï.
÷Õ]BVsºÈºB x>[ x>_ ÂVÔˆÔ›Á>© Az›]BkÏÔ^
gˆBÏÔ^ >V[ ®[≈ ÿ√VF•Á´ ŒaB¬ ÔVÈD ∏Ω›>m.
gˆB›][ mÁl[§ tÔ©√w∫ÔVÈÕÿ>V‚| ÷∫ºÔ
k·\V™ ŒÚ ÂVÔˆÔD {∫˛lÚÕ> cıÁ\ÁB, cÈz
c´ ÂV‚Ô·Vl™. √ıÁ¶› >twˆ[ kVµ°
√Vµ√‚¶mD, T´D ƒˆÕ>mD, ÔÁÈ ÔÁ≈BV™mD, WÁÈ
zÁÈÕ>mD, gˆB›][ Ì‚|≈kV_ ºÂˆ‚¶ ∂k]>V[
®–D cıÁ\ÁB cÈz x>oºÈ ÿ>ˆÕm ÿÔV^·
s_ÁÈ. ÷Õ]BVÁk gˆB kÏ›>ÿ\[Æ Ì§•D, ÷Õ]B
ÂVÔˆÔ›Á>ºB gˆB ÂVÔˆÔD ®[Æ ÿ\VaÕmD cÈz
14 gˆB\VÁB
˛¶Õ>m. º√´VEˆBÏ ƒÏ. ¤V[ \VÏ≠_ ]´Vs¶©
√ıAÔÁ· g´VFÕ>§Õm ̧Bº√Vm >V[, º\™V‚¶V
ˆ[ ÔıÔπoÚÕ> ÔÁ≈•D, ÔÚ›]oÚÕ> \V∑D ¿∫˛uÆ.
∏≈z gˆBD, ]´Vs¶ ÂVÔˆÔ›Á> ®Àk·° √Vµ
√|›]uÆ ®[≈ g´VFflE k´ÈVluÆ. ÷BuÁÔ
÷[√›Á> OÔÏÕm, T´›Á> k∫˛, ∂≈›Á> {D∏
kVµÕ> ]´Vs¶ˆÁ¶ºB, Ô‚|¬ ÔÁ>ÔÁ·© Az›],
ºÔVÁw›>™›Á> k·Ï›>kÏ gˆBº´ ®[√mD, gˆB¬
ºÔV‚√V|Ô^ Azx[™D ]´Vs¶Ï ∂§°›mÁ≈lºÈºB
gÏk∫ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏÔº·B_ÈV\_, Ôıb¬z©
AÈ™VÔV>mD, ®‚¶V>mD, kV>›]uz¬ Ô‚|©√¶V>mD,
∏´›B‚ƒD ∏´\V›m¬z Œ›mk´V>m\V™ ÿÔV^ÁÔ
ÔπºÈ Jµ˛¬ ˛¶¬Ôs_ÁÈ ®[√mD, ∏≈z g´VFflE
BV·ÏÔ·V_ s·¬Ô©√‚¶m. g™V_, ÷ÁkBV°D ∏º´>
sƒV´ÁBVÔ¬ ÔÚ>©√‚¶º>B_ÈV\_, TµflE•u≈
÷™›]uz› ]Ú©√^π ®øflEBVÔ c√ºBV˛¬Ô©√¶
s_ÁÈ. ƒV>V´¬ Ô_s•D ÿ√Vm ∂§°D ∂]ÔD
√´kV> ]´Vs¶ ƒx>VB›]Á¶ºB, A]B g´VFflE
xΩ°Ô^ √´k ka ÷_ÈV\uº√VFs‚¶m. gÔºk >V[,
gˆBD ∂aÁk› >Úkm, ]´Vs¶D y´Á´ k·Ï©√m ®[≈
ÂuÔÚ›m ÷[ÆD ÂD ÷™›>kˆÁ¶ºB AÔs_ÁÈ.
Ô_s ºÔ^sÔπu E≈Õ>kÏÔ”D, g´VFflE kƒ]
WÁ≈Õ>kÏÔ”\Vkm, ÷Õ>› mÁ≈lºÈ ƒuÆ cÁw©√VÏ
Ô·V™V_, ]´Vs¶ ÷™D cFB ka cı|. ÷_ÁȺB_
cÈ˛ºÈ √È ÷™∫Ô^ √Vµ√‚| \Á≈Õm º√V™m º√V_
ŒÚ ÔVÈ›]_ cÈÔ© AÔµ kVFÕ> ]´Vs¶ ÷™xD
∂aÕº> >V[ º√VzD! ®Õ> ÷™D >™m √ıÁ√ ÷wÕm,
√ıÁ¶B ÿ√ÚÁ\ÁB \≈Õm ®]ˆl¶D ∂Á¶¬ÔÈD
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 15
AzÕm s|˛≈º>V ∂Õ> ÷™D ∂a°¬ za¬z ∂kƒ´
∂kƒ´\VÔ Â¶¬˛≈m ®[Æ >V[ ÿ√VÚ^.
""®Á\ ›mkVF ®™ ®]ˆÔ^ ºÔVΩ
÷‚¶Áw›>VKD ÿ>Vº¶[''
®[Æ ÷™ ®øflEºB cÚkV™m º√V[Æ ÂD ÔsQÏ
Ô™Ô ∑©A´›]™D (√V´]>Vƒ[) √V|˛≈VÏ! ÿ>Vº¶[
®[Æ, cÆ]•D gºkƒxD tπ´ ∂Õ>© √>D clϬÔsl[
c^·›]oÚÕm ¨§‚|¬ ÿÔVı| ÿkπ¬˛·DA˛≈m!
®]ˆ¬z ∂ΩÁ\BVÔ \V‚º¶[, ºÔVΩ >ˆ–D ®[Æ
ÌÆ˛≈VÏ. ºÔVΩ ‘√VF ä √°[, Ák´¬ÔuÔ^, Âk´›]™¬
zsB_, ®Á> ¿ ºÔVΩBVÔ¬ zs›m ®[ ®]º´
Ák›>VKD ƒˆºB, c[M¶D ÂV[ ∂Ω kÚΩBVÔ
\V‚º¶[ ®[Æ Ôs ÌÆ˛≈VÏ. ºÔVΩ ®[≈ √>›m¶[,
ºkÆ ÿ√VÚÁ·¬ z§¬zD ®©√>›Á>•D ∂kÏ ÷Á›
>Vˆ_ÁÈ! ∞[? ÷[™ ÿ√VÚ^ ®[Æ z§›ms‚¶V_, ƒˆ
ºkÆ ÿ√VÚ^ >Ú˛º≈[ ®[Æ ®]ˆ ºÔ‚Ô ÷¶
xı¶_ÈkV? ºÔVΩ ºÔVΩ ‘√VF >Ú˛º≈[ ®[Æ ®]ˆ
ÌÆ˛≈V[; >tw[ ºkıº¶[ ®[Æ \Ƭ˛≈V[.
c¶º™ >Õ]´x^· ®]ˆ ºÔVΩ k´VÔ[ >Ú˛º≈[ ®[Æ
Ì≈ÈV\_ÈkV? ∂Õ>© º√´© º√fl∑¬ºÔ Ôs ÷¶∫
ÿÔV|¬Ôs_ÁÈ. ®mkVÔºk–D ÷Ú¬Ô‚|\FBV. ºÔVΩ
zs›>VKD ºkı¶VD ®[Æ xΩkVÔ¬ ÌÆ˛≈VÏ.
"ÿ>Vº¶[' ®[Æ Ôs ̧B]ºÈ, ÁÔl™V_ ÿ>Vº¶[
®[≈ ÿ√VÚ^ ÿ>V¬˛lÚ¬˛≈m. ÷©º√Vm \ÆxÁ≈
̧©√VÚ∫Ô^ ∂Õ>¬ ÔsÁ>ÁB.
""®Á\ ›mkVF ®™ ®]ˆÔ^ºÔVΩô
÷‚¶Áw›>VKD ÿ>Vº¶[.''
16 gˆB\VÁB
÷Õ> cÏflE•D cÆ]•D, ∑BÂÈ›Á>© √u§› mπ
WÁ™©AD ÷_ÈV> \™©√V[Á\•D, ƒ√È›]uz
÷¶∫ÿÔV|¬ÔV> >[Á\•D T´xD ÷Ú©∏[, ºÔVΩ
~‚ΩÔ^ >twˆ[ \VÏA¬z ºÂº´ ¿‚¶©√‚¶VKD, ®]ˆ
ÿk_È xΩBVº>! ®∫ºÔ ÔVı˛º≈VD ∂Õ> cÆ]ÁB?
®kˆ¶D ºÔ‚˛º≈VD ÷›>ÁÔB T´© º√flEÁ™?
"Â\¬ÿÔ[™' ®[Æ ÌÆD ∑BÂÈtÔ”D, "ÂD\V_
gz\V?' ®[Æ º√∑D ÿ>VÁ¶ Â|∫˛Ô”D, "∞[ Tı
kDA' ®[Æ ÿƒV_KD ºÔVÁwÔ”D, "®™¬z ÷m
∏Ω›>t_ÁÈ' ®[Æ t|¬ÔVÔ¬ ÌÆD ºÔV¶ˆÔ”D
>twÔ›]ºÈ cÈk¬ ÔVı˛º≈VD!
""\V™ ÿ\V[º≈ Â_kVµÿk™¬ ÿÔVı|
kVµÕ> ®[ \≈ºkÕ>Ï
ØÁ™Ô^ ∂_ÈÏ, ∂kÏ kakÕº>VÏ
AoWÔÏ >tµ\VÕ>Ï!''
®[≈ T´ xw¬ÔD, ®[Æ >twÏ \Á™º>VÆD
ºÔ‚˛≈º>V, ®[Á≈B ]™D >twÏ c^·D ÷Õ> WÁÈ
ÿ√Æ˛≈º>V, ∂[º≈ gˆBÏ, Ô™ÔsƒBÁ™¬ Ô_ÿÈ|¬Ô
Ák›> ºƒ´[ \´∏™Ï *ı|D >tw´Vl™Ï; ÷M Â\m
ÔÁ¶ ¶kVm ®[√m ÿ>ˆÕm √_ÿÈ_ÈVD ÿ>ˆB¬
ÔV‚Ω Wu√Ï! √ËkÏ! √ÁÔkÁ´ ∂|›m¬ ÿÔ|›>>[§©
º√Vˆ‚| ∂¶¬˛B k´ÈVº≈ gˆBÚ¬z¬ ˛Á¶BVm.
ÿ√ˆB º√VÏÔπºÈ, ∂kÏÔ”Á¶B ÿ√BÏ ƒD√Õ>©
√‚¶º> ˛Á¶BVm. A´V ÷]ÔVƒ∫ÔπºÈ ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈
>VÔ¬ Ì≈©√|D º√VÏÔ^, ÿkÆD A”z ®[≈º√V]KD,
∂]KD T´›>V_ ÿku§ ˛Á¶›>>VÔ¬ ÔÁ> ˛Á¶BVm.
ºk^sÔ·V_ ÿku§, √´\[ ∂Ú·V_ √ÈD, \VB
∂¸]´∫Ô·V_ ®]ˆ º>Vu≈V[ ®[Æ>V[ ÷Ú¬zD.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 17
]´Vs¶ k´ÈVÆÔπºÈV, T´º\ x>o¶D ÿ√u§Ú¬zD!
gˆB ÷™D º√Vˆ‚|© AÔµ ~‚ΩB]_ÁÈ; ∏≈ˆ[ A›]
ÿÔ‚¶º√Vm>V[ gˆBˆ[ ÿÔV‚¶D k·ÚD!
º√VÁ> ∞§Bk[ Ô_ >|¬˛ºBV, ÔVuÆ ∂Ω©√>VºÈV
ˇºw TµkV[. gˆBÚD, ]´Vs¶ ÷™›>VˆÁ¶ºB ÔÚ›]_
º√VÁ> JıΩ¶fl ÿƒFm s‚|© ∏≈z ˇºw cÚ‚Ω
s‚¶™Ï. ]´Vs¶[ gˆB T´›>V_ Tµ›>©√¶s_ÁÈ.
gˆB¬ ÔÚ›]Á™› >V∫zD ∑Á\ >V∫˛BV™V[.
ºƒVÏÕ>V[. ∑Úı¶V[. ÷Õ>fl Û‚∑\›Á> c´V>VÏ
>twÏ k´ÈVÆ ∂§BV>Vº´.
"nB[*Ï! ÷©º√Vm ¿sÏ k∫zD cÚkV´∫Ô^ gˆB¬
Ôu√Á™ ®[Æ ÌƺkVÁ´, º\>VsÔÿ·[Æ >DÁ\
®ıˬ ÿÔVı|^· >twÏÔ^ ÂDAk]_ÁÈ; ÁÂBVıΩ
ÿƒF˛[≈™Ï! ®>uÿÔ|›>VKD gˆBfl Ûm, gˆBfl ƒ],
A´‚| ®[Æ Ôƒ¶ÏÔ^ ÌÆ˛≈VÏÔ^' ®[Æ ÷Õ> º\>Vs
Ô^ ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï. \ÁwBVD \Áw! \Áw ÂDÁ\ ®[™
ÿƒF•D? ®[Æ ®ÚÁ\ ÌÆk]_ÁÈ. ∂>[ ¶kΩ¬ÁÔ,
∂>–Á¶B WÁ™©Á√ ∂>–Á¶B WÁ™©Á√ Â\¬z¬
ÔV‚|˛≈m. >twˆºÈ >Ω›> º>V·VÏ c·Ï. ÂVuÔVu
∏´VËÔπºÈ ®ÚÁ\ ÷Ú›>ÁÈ©º√VÈ! TV™ \™©
∏´VÕ]BV_ EÈÏ ÷m º√VÈ gˆBÏ ]´Vs¶Ï ®[Æ
∏>uÆ˛[≈™Ï ®[Æ ÌÆD ∞\VπÔ”¬z ®›>Á™ ∞|
ÔÁ·¬ ÔV‚Ω™VKD ÔÚ›m› mÈ∫zk]_ÁÈ. ∑B
\ˆBVÁ>¬ÔV´ÏÔ”¬z› >V[. gˆBˆ[ TV™ mºk≠
tÚ¬˛≈m ®[Æ ®π]_ ̧s|˛≈VÏÔ^. ∑B\ˆBVÁ>
÷B¬Ô ƒD√Õ>º\ ÷_ÈV>, ∂§°›mÁ≈lºÈ ~|√‚|^·
º√´VEˆBÏÔπ[ ÔÚ›mÁ´¬z, ®[™ zu≈∫ Ì≈ xΩ•D?
18 gˆB\VÁB
gˆBÏ, >∫Ô”Á¶B ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ·•D Ô¶°‚ ÔÁ>
ÔÁ·•∫ ̧kÚDº√Vm ∂§°¬z ÷Ák ÿ√VÚÕm\V?
g´VFflE¬z ~| ÿÔV|¬z\V? ®[√™ √u§¬ ÔkÁȺB
ÿÔV^·s_ÁÈ. gıÁ¶, ∂ΩÁ\¬z¬ ÔV´D ̧¬
ÿÔVıΩÚ©√Vº™V? zwÕÁ>ÁB t´‚¶¬ ˛wkÏÔ^
nÕm ÔıÁ™© √u§•D, gÆ ÔVÈÁ™© √u§•D ÔÁ>
ÌÆDº√Vm, zwÕÁ>Ô^ t´‚E•¶[ ºÔ‚| kVF
ÿ√V›]¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬zº\B[§, ">V›>V, ÷Á> ÂV[
ÂD√xΩBVm' ®[Æ ÌÆkmı¶V? zwÕÁ>© √ÚkD
\M> ƒx>VB›]uz ÷ÚÕ>º√Vm >V[, ÷Ωº>k[,
t[™_ \V>V, \Áw \VÔVπ, y¬ Ô¶°^ ®™¬ Ô¶°‚
ÔÁ>Ô^ Ô‚Ωs¶©√‚¶™. cÈ˛ºÈ ÷mº√VÈ›
º>V[§B ÔÁ>Ô^, ∂§°© √Úk›Á> ∂kMºBVÏ
ÿ√u≈mD \Á≈BÈVl™! g™V_ ÷∫z \‚|D gˆBÏ
∂Õ> ÂV^ g√Vƒ›Á> ÷[ÆD s¶V©∏ΩBVÔ Ák›m¬
ÿÔVıΩÚ©√m¶[ ∂º> ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ· \¬ÔπÁ¶ºB
√´©AkÁ>ºB >∫Ô^ ∏Áw©√VÔ Ák›m¬ ÿÔVı|^·™Ï.
∂>™VºÈºB, ∂§° Û[Bº\ QV™ÿ\[ÆD, ÷Ú©√Á>
÷_ÁÈÿB[Æ ÌÆkº> ºk>VÕ>ÿ\[ÆD, ÷_ÈV>Á>
cı| ®[Æ ÂD√fl ÿƒFkº> \VϬÔÿ\[ÆD
º√V]¬Ô©√‚| s‚¶m. ∂∏[ suÆ kVø√k[, º√VÁ>
̶Vm ®[Æ ∏´ƒ∫ÔD AˆkV™V?
\u≈ \¬Ô”¬z› ÿ>ˆBV>m >∫Ô‚z› ÿ>ˆ•
ÿ\[ÆD, \u≈kÏÔ·V_ ƒV]¬Ô xΩBV>Á>› >V∫Ô^
ƒV]¬Ô xΩ•ÿ\[Æ∫ ̧|√kÁ™, g´VFflE•Á¶ºBVÏ
∂k[ ŒÚ A´‚¶[ ®[Æ ∞E Œm¬zkÏ, g´V•Õ
]≈™u≈Vº´V, "∂©√ΩBV!' ®[Æ gflƒˆB›>V_ kVF
∏·¬Ô W[Æ ºÔ‚√Ï, ÁÔÌ©AkÏ! ÷Õ> xÁ≈lºÈ,
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 19
gˆBD >twˆºÈ >[–Ï°, ∂§° Ob¬ÔD
∂u≈kÏÔÁ·© √o ÿÔVı¶m. T´Vºkƒ∫ ÿÔVı¶
ºk∫ÁÔBV™VKD, ƒm©A WÈ›]ºÈ ä zalºÈ ä TµÕm
s‚¶V_ ƒVÔ›>Vº™ ºkı|D! ¿^ ÁkBD ®]Ï›>VKD,
®\¬z WÔÏ ÷_ÁÈ ®[Æ Ì§© º√Vˆ|D \≈›>twÚD,
gˆB \>© √|zalºÈ TµÕ>>V_ ∂§°, gu≈_,
gıÁ\, \V™D ®–D √ıAÔÁ· ÷w¬Ô ºkıΩ
ºÂˆ‚¶m! ""÷Õ]BVs_ gˆB g‚E'' ®[ÿ≈VÚ ±_;
«Vk_ (Havell) ®[√kÏ ®ø]•^·VÏ. ∂]ºÈ ""\>fl
ƒ¶∫zÔÁ·fl ÿƒFs¬zD Aº´V˛>› ÿ>VaoºÈ,
∏´V\ÏÔ^ ∞Ôº√VÔ cˆÁ\ ÿ√u≈™Ï. ÷>™V_
∑´ıΩ© ∏Áw¬Ô°D, g√Vƒ\V™ ÔV‚|t´VıΩ›>™\V™
J¶ ÂD∏¬ÁÔÔÁ·© √´©√°D xΩÕ>m. \Õ]´›>V_
gÔV>m Œ[Æt_ÁÈ! º√Vˆ_ ÿ¤Bº\V ∂√ÿ¤Bº\V
\Õ]´ cflƒV¶™›>VºÈ ƒV]¬Ô xΩ•D! ƒ\¸>V™∫Ôπ[
º≥\›m¬z ®]ˆl[ kVÁB ∂¶¬z>uz, ÷Ú\ÁÈ
¿¬zk>uz, ƒÁ¶ k·Ï>uz, ®>uÔV™VKfi ƒˆºB,
\Õ]´›>V_ √È[ cı|! W›]B ÔÏ\V–i¶V™∫
ÔπºÈ, ∏´\V> ÔVˆBº\V, ∂u√ s≠Bº\V ®>uzD ∂Õ>
\Õ]´D ∂kEBD º>Ák ®[Æ gˆBÏ Ì§ Ák›>™Ï''
®[Æ gEˆBÏ ÌÆ˛≈VÏ. ÷kÏ ~º´V‚| kVEBV?
ÿ√ˆBVˆ[ ʶ´V? ∑B\ˆBVÁ>© ∏´flƒV´Ô´V? ∞[
∑´ıΩ© ∏Áw¬Ô ""\Õ]´D'' ®[Æ \B¬Ôÿ\Va º√E©
√VÏ©√™Ï kVµÕ>™Ï ®[√Á> ®øm˛≈VÏ.'' "gˆB\VÁB'
lºÈ E¬˛ ÂD\kÏ *m ""mk¤D'' ÿ>V|¬zD >twÏÔ^
÷Õ> g´VFflEBV·ˆ[ Ôı¶™›Á>© √u§ ºBVE¬Ô¬
̶V>V? ""ºk>ÔVÈD x>uÿÔVı| gˆBÏÔ^ ∂–iΩ›m
kÕ> BVÔD ∏´V\Ú¬z, \u≈kÁ´¬ ÿÔV|Á\©
√|›>°D, ∞\Vu≈°D ŒÚ ÔÚsBVÔ c√ºBVÔ©√‚¶m''
20 gˆB\VÁB
®[ÆD «Vk_ ®øm˛≈VÏ. \Õ]´D, BVÔD ®[√Ák
√VÏ©√™© A´‚| ®[Æ >[–Ï° ÷B¬Ô›>VÏ
̧™V_ ºÔV√∫ÿÔV^”D "">VƒÏÔ^' ÷Õ>
g´VFflE¬ÔV´ˆ[ cÁ´ºÔ‚¶ ∏≈ÔVkm >D ÔÚ›Á>
\Vu§¬ ÿÔV^·¬ ̶V>V?
"gˆB g‚E' ŒÚ A´‚¶Ï Ì‚¶D ÿk^Á· ƒ™›
]™Á´ kV‚Ω Ák›> k´ÈVº≈BVzD. ÷_ÁÈ ®[√>uz
®∫˛ÚÕ>Vkm g>V´D º>Ω¬ÔV‚¶, BV´Vkm x[
kÚkVÏÔ·V? ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈[!
""ÔÚ›m ∑Úı| ∂∫zt∫zD ∂ÁÈÕm c[ \™]ºÈ
∂ÁȺ\V]¶fl ÿƒF•D. ∂wz¶[ s·∫zD ÌÕ>_,
cıÁ\lºÈ ÂÁ´›>m! t–¬z› Á>ÈxD Ô›]ˆ¬
ºÔVKD, ∂k”Á¶B ÁÔ›]≈–D, c[ ÔV\¬˛Æ¬zD
ÔÈÕm c™¬z \B¬Ô J‚|˛≈m!
"k>™º\ ƒÕ]´ ∏D√º\V, \ÈÏÕ> ƒº´V¤º\V' ®[Æ
¿ EÕm √V|˛≈VºB, ƒuÆ ƒ√È›Á> Œm¬˛ s‚| ∂Õ>
xÔ›Á> cuÆ ºÂV¬z! Â_È ÷´›>t_ÈV>>V_ ÿk”›m,
ÔVÈ›][ ˇ≈_Ô^ WÁ≈Õ> ÔVxÔˆ[ Ô´›]™V_ Ôƒ∫˛¬
˛¶¬zD º\VƒxD, ∂Á> \Vu≈ ∂k^ ∂ËÕm^· Øfl∑
ºk≠xD AÈ™VzD!
∂Õ>fl Eˆ©∏ºÈ ¿ ÿƒV¬z˛≈VF. ∂m EÈÕ]l[
ÿ\Va! kÁÈT∑D ƒVÔƒD;. ∂Á>¬ Ôı| ¿ ∞\VÆ˛≈VF!
c[ kVµÁk kÁ·›ms‚¶ ∂k”¬z ¿ ∂Ω
kÚ|˛≈VF! c[ ∂§Ák ∂a¬zD ∂Á©∏ºÈ ¿
g™Õ>D ÔVı˛≈VF! c[ √ı∏Á™© √VwV¬˛B
√VÏÁkÁB, ¿ √Vz ®[Æ √ÔÚ˛≈VF! ∂Õ> º\Ml[
√·√·©A, ÿkÆD º\_ Øfl∑! ∂Õ>© A[™ÁÔ
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 21
xÔ›>Vπ[ \™D, {Ï ®ˆ \ÁÈ! ∂k^ {Ï Â¶\V|D
ÂVƒD! c™¬z ºkı¶V\©√V ∂kπ¶D √VƒD! c[Á™¬
ÿÔ|›]|º\ ∂Õ>¬ ÔVƒD!'; ä ®[Æ ÿkπ ºk≠›>V_
kºBV]Ô›Á> \Á≈›m¬ ÿÔVı|, kfiƒÁ™
•¶[ º√∑D s›Á>BV_ >™m kfiƒÔ›Á> ÿkπ¬z›
ÿ>ˆBÿkV‚¶V\_ ÿƒFm, ÂÁÔxÔ∫ ÔV‚Ω ÂVƒ›Á>
ª‚Ω|D ÂVˆl¶D ºÂƒ∫ ÿÔVı| sºkÔtwÕm, ÔV\©
√´kƒ™V˛•^· >[ º>Vw–¬z¬ ÔÚ›m¬ ÿÔ¶V>k[
ÔM°¶[ A›] ÌÆ˛≈V[!
""∂™∫Ô[ ∂D√VºÈ ∂Ω√‚º¶[! ∂kM¶º\
ÿƒ[Æ, ∂>uz \ÚÕm Ôıº¶[!'' ®[Æ Ì§, ÔVxÔ™V˛
s‚¶ ∂k[, ""º√V¶V cÈÔ\§BV> c[\›>V! ¿ ®[™¶V
Ôı¶VF? ∂Õ> ®aKÁ¶BVπ[ ÷[ÿƒV_o[
∑ÁkÁB•D, \m´ˇ>›][ \VıÁ√•D, \fiƒº\s¬
ÿÔVfiE|D √fiƒ√V s›Á>› ]≈›Á>•D, ∂–√k
t_ÈV> ∂√V¬˛BƒVo ¿! ÂV[ ÿ√ÆD ÷[√›Á>›
m[√ÿ\[Æ ÌÆ˛≈VF; WÈÁk ÿÂÚ©ÿ√™ Âs_˛≈VF;
ÿ>[≈ÁÈ› º>^ÔΩ ®[Æ ÌÆ˛≈VF; ÔMÁB¬ ÁÔ©A
®[ÆÁ´¬˛≈VF; ÔV>ÁȬ ÔV™_ ®[Æ ÿƒV_K˛≈VF;
c_ÈVƒ›Á> cu√V>ÿ\[Æ cÁ´¬˛≈VF; x_ÁÈÁB
x^ÿ·™ ÿ\Va˛≈VF; J¶º™, º√V! º√V! ÂV[ ÿ√u≈
÷[√D ¿ ÿ√Æx[™D, ÂV[ ÿÔVı¶ ∂§°
c™¬ÿÔ©√Ω ∏≈¬zD?'' ®[Æ ÔÁ´•D ÔVÔ›Á>¬
ÔΩÕmÁ´›m s‚|¬ ÔVÁÈ \ÈÏÕ>º>, ®[ Ôπ©AD
cÈÏÕ>º>! ®[Æ ÔkÁÈ©√|˛≈V[! ∂k–Á¶B ÿk§
∂©√Ω ÷Ú¬˛≈m! zΩÿÔ|©√kÁ·, ∂k[
ÿÔVΩlÁ¶BV^ ®[Æ ÂDA˛≈V[. ∂kÁ™› >|¬Ô
xBKD Âı√Á™ ÁÂBVıΩ ÿƒF˛≈V[.
22 gˆB\VÁB
g™V_, E›> Ák›]BÏ ÿƒÕ#´D ÿÔV|›m ∂K›m,
√¸√›Á>¬ ÿÔV|›m© √BÕm, Ô≠VBD ÔVFflE¬
ÿÔV|›mD √BM_ÈV>m Ôı| ÔkÁÈ ÿÔVı|, "Ô|z
mkÁ´BV˛, mkÁ´ ∂kÁ´BV˛, ∂kÁ´ ∑Á´ º√VÈV˛
s‚¶º>, nºBV! ÂV[ ®[™ ÿƒFºk[? Ô‚| \V›]Á´
BV_ xΩBVm. Ô›]ºB ÷M›mÁ' ®[Æ ÌÆDº√Vm
>V[, ÔVxÔ[ ÔÈ∫˛ Â|∫˛, ÁÔÌ©∏¬ Ô>§, ""Ô›]BV''
®[Æ ºÔ‚|¬ Ìs "ÔM°¶[ ∂[Æ ¿ ÿƒV[™VºB
Âı√V, Ôƒ¶[ ÂV[ ºÔ‚º¶M_ÁȺB! Ôı¶kÏ ∞∑D
WÁÈÿ√uº≈º™! Ô^πl[ Ì‚|≈kV_ ÿÔ‚º¶º™!'
®[Æ (A›] ̧B) Âı√Á™¬ Ô‚Ω› >øs ∂økV[.
∂mº√VÈ› >V[ gˆBD >™m Û>V™ ÿƒV‘√›Á>
\Á≈¬Ôfl ƒV¸]´© º√VÏÁk >ˆ›m¬ÿÔVı|
kfiƒÔ›Á> ºk≠›>V_ ÿkπ¬z› ÿ>ˆBÿkV‚¶Vm
>|›m, ÂVƒ›Á> ÂD ÷™›m¬z ÂÁÔ xÔ›m¶[
ª‚|˛≈m! ∂Õ> ÂfiEÁ™ cıVyÏ ®[Æ ÌÆD
∑B\ˆBVÁ>¬ÔV´ÏÔÁ·, gˆB \VÁBlºÈ ÿƒV¬˛
∂§swÕm ˛¶¬zD ∂[√ÏÔ^ ∞∑˛[≈™Ï! ∞·™D
º√∑˛[≈™Ï! gˆB›>V_ ∂a° cı¶VzD ∂Õ>fl
ƒ\B›]ºÈ, "∑.\. ÔV´[ ÿƒV[™m ƒˆ
BVÔ›>Vº™ º√Vfl∑! ∂[Æ ∂kÁ™ ÁÂBVıΩ
ÿƒFº>VD! ÷º>V ÷[Æ gˆB›][ ÔVˆB›Á>¬
Ôıº¶Vº\!' ®[Æ ŒÚ ÂV^ ̧›>V[ y´ ºkı|D.
>tµ \VkÏÔ^ \™]_ √]B ºkıΩB ƒˆ> g>V´∫Ô^
ˇºw >´©√‚|^·™. >twÏ ®[≈ ÷™ cÏflE•^·
kÏÔ^ ÷Õ> g>V´∫ÔÁ·•D ÷Ákº√V[≈ ºkÆ
g>V´∫ÔÁ·•D >tµ \VkÏÔ‚z› ÿ>ˆBfl ÿƒFB
ºkı|D. ÷[Á≈B Ô_s WÁÈB∫ÔπºÈ ÿ√ÚD√VKD
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 23
gˆBº´ Û›]´>VˆÔ·VÔ ÷Ú©√>V_, cıÁ\
\Á≈˛≈m. ÷©º√Vm >V[, >tµ \VkˆÁ¶ºB sa©A
∞u√|˛≈m. sa©A© √´k°D, ®øflE ∂]Ôˆ¬Ô°D, g]
ÂV‚ÔπoÚÕm ÷mkÁ´ gˆBD ÿƒF> ∂‚˘aB›Á>
kVo√ÏÔ^ c´°D ÿƒFB ºkı|D.
gˆB›m¬z x[A ÷Õ]BVs[ WÁÈ ®[™? gˆB
xÁ≈BV_ ]´Vs¶›m¬z ºÂÏÕ> ∂k], ]´Vs¶ÏÔ^
®]Ï›> k´ÈVÆ, ∂kÏÔ^ kVµ¬ÁÔ WÁÈ, ÷kuÁ≈©
√ıÁ¶B g´VFflE JÈD E§m ÔVÈkÁ´BÁ≈•¶[,
ˇºw ÔV‚¶©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m. ÷Ák ƒˆ›]´ gEˆB´V™
º>VwÏ P.T. ÊMkVƒ ∂FB∫ÔVÏ ∂kÏÔ·V_ ®ø>©√‚|,
1923ä_ √]©∏¬Ô©√‚|^·m. ""÷Õ]B ƒˆ›]´D''
x>u√VÔ›]_ Ì≈©√‚|^· s≠B∫Ô^.
˛.x. 5000 kÁ´ ÷Õ]BVs[ WÁÈ :
""gˆBD √´°k>uz x[ ÷Õ]BVs_ ÂV[z kÚ
º√>∫Ô^ ˛Á¶BV. \ s≠B›]_ gˆBÏÔπ[ B¬Q
xÁ≈ ∂–iΩ¬Ô©√¶s_ÁÈ. k¶ ÷Õ]BVs_
º√ƒ©√‚¶ √VÁ≠Ô^ ÿÔVfiƒD ÿÔVfiƒ\VÔ ƒ\¸˛Ú>›
]_ Ô¶[ kV∫˛B>V™VKD, ÿ>[ ÷Õ]BV ƒ\¸˛Ú>›
m¬z ∂ΩÁ\©√¶s_ÁÈ. ÷Õ]BVs_ g´D√ ÔVÈ›]_
º√E kÕ> √VÁ≠ ÷©º√Vm ºÔV>Vkˆ, k∫ÔD, sƒVÔ©
√‚Ω™D x>oB ÷¶∫Ôπ_ kE¬zD ∂]Ô Ô_sB§
s_ÈV> \¬Ô^ º√ƒD √VÁ≠BVÔ ÷ÚÕ]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D.
∂>–Á¶B ÂVÔˆÔ cÚkÕ>V[ >tµ ®[√m.''
÷ÚDA¬ÔÚs¬ ÔVÈD, ä ˛.x. 5000 x>_ 3000 kÁ´ :
""ƒ\¸˛Ú>D ÷Õ]BVs_ g]¬ÔD ÿƒK›m x[A >tµ
√VÁ≠loÚÕm ÷Õ> ÂV‚Ω[ √ıÁ¶B kVµ¬ÁÔÁBfl
24 gˆB\VÁB
E›>ˆ›m s¶ÈVD. ∂¬ÔVÈ›]_ ÂV_kÁÔ WÈ (x_ÁÈ,
ÿÂF>_, \Ú>D, z§fiE) \¬Ôº· kVµÕ>VÏÔ^. ˛§¸m
ƒÔV©>D g´D√\Vk>uz© √È gl´D kÚ¶∫Ô”¬z
x[, ÿ>[MÕ]BVsoÚÕm zΩºB§BkÏÔ^>V[
(]´Vs¶Ï), ƒV_]B[ (>uÿ√Vøm ~´V¬ ®™©√|D
∏´º>ƒ∫Ô^) ÂVÔˆÔ›m¬z g]ÔÏ›>V¬Ô^ ®[Æ √È
√V≠V √VıΩ>ÏÔ^ WÁ™¬˛≈VÏÔ^. ∏º´>›Á> ®ˆ¬zD
kw¬ÔD gˆBD √´sB>uz© ∏≈z ∞u√‚¶m. ∂D\¬Ô^
(gˆB´_ÈV>VÏ) ÷\BD x>_ z\ˆ kÁ´lKD, EÕm
(Â]) x>_ ∏´D\A›]´V (Â]) kÁ´lKD √´s¬ ˛¶Õ>™Ï.
gˆB¬ ºÔV‚√V|, ˛.x. 3000 x>_ 1500 kÁ´;
""÷¬ÔVÈ›]_>V[ ÿ>Fk ka√V| A]B xÁ≈
ÿBV[Á≈ ∂Á¶Õ>m. ÿÂÚ©∏[ JÈD Ô¶°Á·›
ÿ>Vø>ºÈ ∂DxÁ≈. ÷Á> Œ©A¬ ÿÔVı¶kÏÔ^
gˆBÏÔ^ ®[ÆD, Œ©A¬ÿÔV^·V>kÏÔ^ >¸R¬Ô^
(]´Vs¶ÏÔ^) ®[ÆD g™VÏÔ^. º>k√VÁ≠BV˛B
ƒVı¶VƒV (ƒ\¸˛Ú>D) √VÁ≠ÁB›>V[ ÷Õº>V ä
nº´V©∏B √VÁ≠ÿB™¬ ÌÆ˛≈VÏÔ^.
÷Õ> ∂¬M ka√V‚Á¶•D A]B √VÁ≠ÁB•D
k¶º\uz¬ ÔkVF kaBVF ÷Õ]BVsuz kÕ>
∂[MBÏ>VD (gˆBÏ) ÿÔVı| kÕ>™Ï ®™ nº´V©∏B©
√ıΩ>ÏÔ^ ÿƒV_K˛≈VÏÔ^. g™V_ ÷Ák, ∏´BVÁÔ
(∂ÈÔV√V›)l_ cı¶VluÆ ®[Æ >V[ ÿ>ˆ˛≈m.
˛.x. 3000 x>_ 2000 kÁ´ :
√ϬÔkV¸, ∂Ô¸]BÏ ®[≈ ÷Ú gˆB© Aº´V˛>¬
z|D√∫Ô^>V[, ÿ>[MÕ]BV°¬z gˆB¬ÔÁÈÔÁ·¬
ÿÔVı| kÕm √´kfl ÿƒF>™.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 25
""\ÁÈBV·›]ºÈ, ∏´V\ ÔVÈM (zΩºBu≈D)•D
cı¶VluÆ. ÷´V\VB ÔVÈ›]_ (˛.x. 2000) ÿ>[
÷Õ]BV, >¸R¬Ôπ[ ∂_Èm ÷´V≠>ÏÔπ[ (]´Vs¶Ï)
√È\V™ ºÔV‚Á¶BVÔ ÷ÚÕ>m. ∂kÏÔ^ gˆB
xMkÏÔπ[ BVÔ¬ ˛Ú›]B∫Ô”¬z sº´V>\VÔ
÷ÚÕ>VÏÔ^. ∂Õ> ÷´V≥>ÏÔ^ (]´Vs¶) k¶ ÷Õ]BÁ´
s¶ ®Õ> s>›]KD >VµÕ>kÏÔ·Vl_ÁÈ. ÷¬ÔVÈ›]_
ÿ>[MÕ]BVs_ √È ´V≥ƒ ´VÎB∫Ô^ ÷ÚÕ>™.
÷kuÆ^ ÿ√ˆBm ºÔV>Vkˆ √^·›>V¬˛oÚÕ> ¤™V¸
>V™V ®[≈ ÷´VÎB\VzD. ÿ¶¬ÔV[ ÔV|Ôÿ·[–D
>ı¶ ÔV´ıB›]_ (sÕ]B\ÁȬz› ÿ>uºÔ•D, ]Ú
ºk∫Ô¶ \ÁȬz k¶¬ºÔ•x^· ∏´VÕ]B\VÔ¬
ÿÔV^·ÈVD). gˆBÏÔπ[ ÿÔV^ÁÔÔ^ √´°kÁ>›
>¸R¬Ô^ ÿkÆ›>™Ï.
kÏVE´\¬ ÿÔV^ÁÔBV™ ∏´V\[ ≥›]ˆB[,
ÁkEB[, Û›]´[ ®[√Ák BVÔ∫Ô”¬ÔVÔ ∞u√|›>©
√‚¶Ák. sÕ]B\ÁȬz k¶¬ºÔ•^· √z]ÁB©
AıËB ØtBVÔ¬ ÔÚ], ∂>uz gˆB ˆ¥Ô^ gˆB
kÏ›>™D ®[Æ ÿ√Bˆ‚¶™Ï. ∂kÏÔ”¬z sº´V>\V™kÏ
ÔÁ· ∂Õ>ˆ¥Ô^ >≥√V>V°¬z› (gˆB g]¬Ô
t_ÈV> >ı¶ÔVÚıB© ∏´º>ƒ∫Ô”¬z) m´›]™Ï.
ÿ>[ ÷Õ]BVsK^· >¸R¬Ô^ (]´Vs¶Ï), º√Ï ÿ√u≈
sBV√VˆÔ^, ∂kÏÔÁ· ˆ¥Ô^, √ˬÔÏ ®[Æ
∂Áw›>™Ï. gˆBÏ kz›> ÂV[z kÚ∫ÔÁ·•D
ºƒ´V>kÏÔ^ >¸R¬Ô^ ®™©√|kÏ.
\ÔV√V´>¬ ÔVÈ›]uz© ∏[ ˛.x. 1409 ä 750 :
""˛.x. 1500ä÷_, ∏´V\ÏÔπ[ ÂV[z gE´\¬
(∏´D\flƒVˆB, ˛´Ô¸>, kV™©∏´¸>, ƒÕBVƒ WÁÈ)
26 gˆB\VÁB
ÿÔV^ÁÔ >ÁÈ ¿‚ΩBm. ∏´V\ÏÔ”¬z \‚|º\
∏≈©A ÷≈©A ∂u≈ º\V≥>V™D cı| ®[≈
ÿÔV^ÁÔ•D √´sBm. c√ÂB™D ®[≈ ƒ¶∫zD, x>_
J[Æ kÏ›>VÚ¬z \‚|D>V[ ®[Æ gluÆ.
∏´V\ÏÔº· Aº´V˛>´VÔ°D, ∂´ƒÏÔ”¬z \Õ]ˆ\VÏ
Ô·VÔ°D º>ÏÕÿ>|¬Ô©√‚¶™Ï. ∂kÏÔ^ >V[ ∂´ƒÁ™
∂¶¬˛ g]¬ÔD ÿƒF>VÏÔ^.
""¶°–¬z› ÿ>[A≈›]ºÈ {Ï ÷¶D cı|. ∂]_
>V[ \[™ˆ[ >Ï√VÏ Â¶¬zD. ∂Õ>¬ Ì‚¶›]_
ÿƒV¬Ô‚¶V[ ¶©√mı|. x>_ J[Æ kÚ›>VÏ
\‚|Õ>V[ ∂∫z sÁ·BV¶ ∂–\]¬Ô©√|kVÏÔ^.
˛.x. 750 x>_ 320 kÁ´ :
""÷¬ÔVÈ›]_ \>D \M> kVµs_ x¬˛B ¸>V™D
ÿ√Æ˛≈m ®™ WÁ™›m, ∂´ƒÏÔ^ A]B \>∫ÔÁ·•D
cı¶V¬˛ ∂´ƒV∫Ô kÚ\V™›m¬z kÁÔ º>Ω™VÏÔ^.
ƒÕWBVEÔ^, ∂]KD ∏´V\ ƒÕWBVEÔ^ JÈ\VÔ›>V[
º\V≥D ˛Á¶¬zÿ\[≈ A]B ºÔV‚√V| cı¶V™m.
∂>[ g´D√Õ>V[ o∫ÔD, ƒV·¬˛´V\D ®[≈ s¬´Ô
k¬Ô\VzD. ≥›]ˆBÏÔ^ ƒÕWBVEÔ^ gk>uºÔV,
∏´V\´VÔ© ∏≈¬ÔV\_ º\V‚ƒ\Á¶k>uºÔV, gˆB
\>›]_ ÷¶∫˛Á¶BVm ®[√Á> cÏÕ> ÷¬ÔVÈ›]_
>V[, ≥›]ˆB› m≈° ƒ\B∫Ô·V™ ƒ\xD,
ÿ√·›>xD ®øD∏™.
""ÿ√·›>ÏÔ^ ®ø]B √Vo√VÁ≠•D, ƒ\ÏÔ^
(ÿ¤l™Ï ®[ÆD ÌÆkm cı|) ®ø]B ∂Ï›> \Ô]
√VÁ≠•D, ƒ\¸˛Ú> √VÁ≠¬z© √´\ sº´V]Ô·VzD.
(√VÁ≠lK∫ ̶ gˆBÏäÿ√·›> ƒ\›>VÏÔ”¬z©
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 27
√ÁÔkÏÔ^ ®[√m ÔkM¬Ô›>¬Ôm) A]>VÔ ®øÕ>
ÿ√·›>äƒ\ \>∫Ô·V_ ∏´V\ÏÔ”¬z \]©A¬
zÁ≈B› >ÁÈ©√‚¶m.
˛.x. 320 x>_ 230 kÁ´ :
""÷Õ]BV Ø´V°D ÿ\·ˆB ∂´ƒÏÔ^ g‚E ÿƒK›]
™VKD, >twÏ ÷™D \‚|D, ∂Õ>fl ƒ¬Ô´kÏ›]Ôπ[
g]√›]B›]_ k´s_ÁÈ. JºkÕ>ÏÔ^ g‚El_
>twÔ kVË√D, gˆB\B\V¬Ô©√‚¶ k¶ ÷Õ]B
´VÎB∫Ô”¶–D, º\uºÔ √V´ÊÔD (ÿ√ÏEBV) ®˛©m,
∂º´∏BV, ˛Z¸, (>ta_ Bk™ ÂV|) g˛B º>ƒ∫Ô”¶–D,
˛w¬ºÔ √Ï\V (∑kÏ Øt ®[Æ∫ ÌÆkÏ) \ºÈBV,
¤VkV (ƒVkÔD ®[ÆD ÿ√BÏ) ∑\›]´V, Ê™D, Ê√D
(ƒBVD ®[√VÏÔ^ g∫˛È›]_) g˛B º>ƒ∫Ô”¶–D
ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈m.
""∏[™Ï ÿÔVfiƒD ÿÔVfiƒ\VÔ› >tµ \[™ÏÔ^
∂´ı\Á™Ôπ_, ∏´V\ÏÔ^ ÿƒ_kV¬ÔÁ¶B
g´D∏›>VÏÔ^. ∏´V\ÏÔπ[ BVÔ xÁ≈Ôπ_ gÁƒ
∏≈Õ>°¶[, ∂kÏÔ^ cı¶V¬˛B ƒÕ]´ ÛˆB kDƒ›]_
>V∫Ô”D ƒD√Õ>©√|›]¬ ÿÔV^”D ºk‚ÁÔ•D
∏≈Õ>m ºƒ´, ºƒVw, √VıΩB \[™ÏÔ”¬z. ∂Ô¸]B
ºÔV›]´›Á>fl ºƒÏÕ> ∏´V\ÏÔ^ >tµ √VÁ≠ÁB¬
ÔuƬ ÿÔVı|, >tµ √VÁ≠¬z nÕ]´ E¸¶›]_
ƒ\¸˛Ú> ÷ȬÔ›Á> cı¶V¬˛™VÏÔ^. ∂´ƒ[
gˆB¬ ºÔV‚√V‚Ω_ \B∫˛™VKD >tµ© ÿ√Vm \¬Ô^
gˆB \> ƒJÔ kÁÈl_ ∂Ô©√‚¶VÏÔπ_ÁÈ.
28 gˆB\VÁB
˛.x. 230 x>_ ˛.∏. 300 kÁ´ :
""˛.∏. 150 ä ÷_ ∏´V˛Ú>ÿ\Va º√VF, ƒ\¸˛Ú>D
∂´ƒV∫Ô √VÁ≠BV˛Bm k¶ÂV‚Ω_. ÷¬ÔVÈD, √_ÈkÏ
Ô^ \V·k º>ƒ›Á> gı¶ ƒ\BD. ÔVfiEÁB gı¶
gˆB\B\V¬Ô©√‚¶ √_ÈkÏÔº· ˛.∏. 200¬z x[
>tµÂV‚Ω_ ∏´V˛Ú> ÿ\VaÁB c›]ºBVÔ √VÁ≠
BV¬˛™VÏÔ^. k¶ ÷Õ]BVs_ ÷ÚÕ> ∂´EB_
xÁ≈ÁB› >tµÂV‚Ω_ Az›]™VÏÔ^. >tµ
∂´ƒÏÔ”D gˆB›Á>© ∏[√u§, ÷´V¤ ÛB BVÔD
x>oB™ ÿƒFB g´D∏›>™Ï. ÷´V\VBxD, √V´>xD
∂kÏÔ”¬zfl ÿƒV_È©√‚¶m. \–>Ï\ ƒV¸]´D k¶
÷Õ]BVs[ ˇµ©√z]l_>V[ ®ø>©√‚¶m! (÷>™V_
÷DJ[Æ ±uÔ”D, ∂ku§u ∏≈Õ> ˛Á· ±uÔ”D,
>twÔ›m¬z© A≈D√V™Ák ®[√m ÿ√≈©√|˛≈m)
˛.∏. 320 x>_ 600 kÁ´ :
""÷¬ÔVÈ›]_ \›]B ÷Õ]BVs_, BºƒV>Ï\ º>k[
®[≈ ∏´V\Ï ∏´¬BV]BVF ∂´ƒVı¶VÏ. ÷kÁ´¬
Ôo•Ô ∂k>V´ÿ\[Æ ∂Áw›>™Ï. ÿ¤l™ÏÔ^ (ƒ\Ï)
∂kÁ´ ÿkÆ›>™Ï. ÷¸ÈVD g‚E √´sB √[M´ı¶VD
±u≈VıΩ_ >V[, ÷Õ>¬ Ôo•Ô ∂k>V´¬ ÿÔV^ÁÔ
cı¶V˛lÚ¬˛≈m. ÂÏ\Á>, ˛ÚiV g˛B ÷Ú Â]Ô”¬z
tÁ¶ºB gı¶ kÔV¶V kDƒ›Á>fl ºƒÏÕ> «ˆº≠V
s[ \Õ]ˆÔ^, \È√VÏ ∏´V\ÏÔ·VF ÷ÚÕ>™Ï. ÷Õ>
±u≈VıΩ_ ̶ k¶ ÂV‚Ω[ ºÔV‚√V|, √w¬Ô
kw¬Ô∫Ô^ >tµÂV‚Ω_ g]¬Ôfi ÿƒK›>s_ÁÈ. √È
±u≈Vı¶VÔ J[≈VD ƒ∫ÔD √VıΩB \[™ÏÔ·V_
ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈m. ÷ku§™V_ >twÏ kVµ¬ÁÔ ˛.x. 5000
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 29
x>_ ˛.∏. 400 kÁ´ BVÿ>VÚ \VÆ>KD ÷[§ Œº´
√Ω›>´\VÔ ∂Á\Õ]ÚÕ>m.
÷ÕWÁÈl_ ÷[Æ^· ÷Õm \ÔVƒÁ√¬z ®[™
÷È‚EBD ÷Ú¬˛≈m, ÷Õm g‚EÁB ∞u√|›>?
÷Õm¸>V™D ÷Õm¬Ô”¬ºÔ ®[Æ Ì≈ xΩ•\V™V_
∞u√|›>‚|D!
ƒˆ! ÿƒFB‚|º\ ∂>Á™! ÷Õm¸>V[ ÷Õm¬Ô”¬z
∞u√¶ ÷Õm \ÔVƒÁ√ ºkÁÈ ÿƒFB ºkı|D. ÁkÁÔ
Â]¬ÔÁ´lºÈ ∞[ k≈‚|¬ Ìflƒo¶ ºkı|D? ÷Õm¬
Ô”¬z› ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚Ω_ ®[™ ºkÁÈ? ÷Õm ¸>V™›]ºÈ
÷´>Ô¤m´Ô √>V]ÔÁ· AıB yÏ›>© Aº´V≠›Á>,
ØÁkBÏ √V¶ÁÈ. g¶ÁÈ, ∂DA s|kÁ>fl ÿƒFkÁ>
s‚|, ÷∫z ®[™ ºkÁÈ ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈VD?
""÷Õm'' ®[≈V_ BVÏ? ÷Õm¸>V™D ®[√m ®m?
]´Vs¶Ï BVÏ? ]´Vs¶ ÂV| ®[√m ®m? ®[≈ ∏´fl
EÁ™ÁB› yÏ›m¬ ÿÔV^· sÚDAD ®Õ> T´ÚD, T´V∫
ÔÁ™•D ºkÆ ®∫zD º√VÔ ºkı¶VD. Â_È √Ω©
√Ô›m¬z© º√VÔ‚|D; ∂Ô´V]ÁB© √VϬԂ|D;
÷Ȭ˛B∫ÔÁ·¬ ÔV‚|D; cıÁ\ s·∫zD.
ºÂ´D ˛Á¶¬ÔVm ®[√Ï. cıÁ\! ∑Ú¬˛› ÿ>Vz›m
ÂVº\ >Ú˛º≈VD. √Ω›m c´‚|D.
÷´Vº\¸ ƒÕ]´ >› ®ø]B ""A´V ÷Õ]BV''
÷´Vº\¸ ƒÕ]´ x∑D>VÏ ®ø]B ""ØÏTÔ ÷Õ]B
ƒˆ›]´xD, ÂVÔˆÔxD.''
∑kVt sºkÔV™Õ>Ï, ""÷´V\VBD'' ®[–D
>ÁÈ©∏_ º√EB º√fl∑.
30 gˆB\VÁB
1922 ä _ ºÔD∏ˆ‚Î ∏´∑ˆ›>, ""√ÁwB ÷Õ]BVs[
ƒˆ›]´D.''
÷´V>V zx> xÔϘ ®ø]B ""÷Õm ÂVÔˆÔD, ˆ¬z ºk>D.''
º¤D¸ \Ϻ´ ®ø]B ""∂Ô´V]''
√ı¶ÏÔVÏ Ô‚|Á´Ô^.
¶V¬¶Ï ˛ÚiƒVt ∂FB∫ÔVÏ ®ø]B ""ÿ>[
÷Õ]BV°D, ÷Õ]B¬ ÔÁÈ•D.''
P.T. ÊMkVƒFB∫ÔVÏ ®ø]B ""÷Õ]B ƒˆ›]´D''
ÿ¤Ôyƒ ƒÕ>϶‚ ®ø]B ""÷Õ]BVä∂[ÆD ÷[ÆD''
A.C. >V¸ ®ø]B ""ºk>ÔVÈD''
C.S. ÊMkVƒVflƒVˆBVÏ ®ø]B ""÷Õ]B ƒˆ›]´D'',
""÷Õm ÷Õ]BV.''
H.G. ÿk_¸ ®ø]B ""cÈÔ ƒˆ›]´D''
ƒÔÈÔÈV ÿ√V¬˛≠D ®[–D ""WR ∞Î ®[Áƒ¬
º·V¨ΩBV.''
C.G. kϬ˛ (\V˜ \Õ]ˆ) ®ø]B ""÷Õ]B ƒˆ›]´©
√Vz√V|''
ÿ«[§ ÿ√ˆÎ 1965ä_ ®ø]B sˆkV™ ""÷Õ]B
ƒˆ›]´D''
÷.∏. «Vÿk_ ®ø]B ""÷Õ]BVs_ gˆB g‚E''
G.H. ÷´V∏[ƒ[ ®ø]B ""÷Õ]BV''
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 31
ÂVºÔÕ]´ÂV› ºÔVi ®ø]B ""gˆBˆ[ ÷Ȭ˛BxD
ÔÁÈ•D''
s[ÿƒ[‚ ∞ ¸t› ®ø]B ""g¬¸º√VÏ‚ ÷Õ]B
ƒˆ›]´D''
""÷D¨ˆB_ ÷Õ]B[ ÿÔ¤‚''
ƒÏ. s_oBD s_ƒ[ «ı¶Ï ®ø]B ""÷Õ]B
\¬Ôπ[ ƒˆ›]´D''
÷´VºÔVE[ ®ø]B ""ºk>ÔVÈ ÷Õ]BV''
ä ÷Àk·° g´VFflEBV·ÏÔπ¶xD ">©∏' ∏≈z
ÂDt¶D k´‚|D. T´ ƒkϬÔVÚD, T´ k´>ÚD, kBm
x]ÏÕ> (g™V_ sºkÔ x]ÏflE¬z ÂVD cÆ] Ì≈
xΩBVm) ]kV[√Ô#Ï ƒV¸]ˆBVÚD!
÷Õm¸>V™D ®[≈ √z], z¤´V›, ÷´V¤¸>V[
n¬˛B \VÔVD g˛B ∏´º>ƒD ÿÔVı¶ ÷¶D.
ƒˆ> √VÔ∫ÔÁ· Œ‚Ω•D s·¬Ô°D ∂Àk©º√Vm
ÿkπl¶©√|D غÔV·© √¶∫Ôπ_ ÷Õm¸>V™D ®[≈
√z] ÿ>πkVÔ¬ z§©∏¶©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m. ®∫ºÔ º√VF
∂Õ>© √¶∫ÔÁ·› º>Ω¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ©√m? ®[Æ ÷Õm
\ÔVƒÁ√¬ÔV´Ï ÔkÁÈ©√|kÏ. cıÁ\ >V[.
∂kÏÔ”¬z ºkÁÈ ∂]ÔD. º>Ω› ]ˆBºkı¶VD.
ÂVº\ z§©A› >Ú˛º≈VD.
ÔV[¸º¶∏^ ÔDÿ√MBVÏ ÿkπl‚¶ غÔV·©
√V¶© A›>Ô(Atlas)›]_ ÷Õ]BV ®–D Ø√VÔ›]_
÷™kVˆ k‚¶V´xD, ÿ\VakVˆ k‚¶V´xD ∏ˆ›m
ºkÆ ºkÆ kÏD y‚¶©√‚| ÿkπl¶©
32 gˆB\VÁB
√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m. ÷Ú s>\V™ √¶∫ÔπKD, ]´Vs¶D
>MBVÔ ÷Ú¬Ô¬ ÔVÈVD.
ƒˆ> ƒD√k∫Ôπ_ x¬˛B\V™kuÁ≈ ºÂV¬˛™VKD,
÷Õ]BV ®–D Ø√VÔ›]_, ÷Á¶lÁ¶ºB ∞u√‚¶
""k_È´∑''Ôπ[ ®_ÁÈÔÁ· ºÂV¬˛™VKD, ®Õ>
÷´VÎBxD, sÕ]B\ÁȬz º\uA≈ ∂·ºkV| >V[
÷Ú¬Ô¬ ÔVı√Ï. ÂÏ\Á> gÆ Â\¬zD gˆB›m¬zD
÷Á¶ºB t¬Ô ´\ËB\VÔ {Ω¬ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>m
®[√Á>fl ƒˆ>D √Ω©º√VÏ ∂Á™kÚD Â[z ∂§kÏ.
÷›>ÁÔB >M› ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚ΩºÈ ÷Õm¬Ô”¬z
®[™ ºkÁÈ ÷Ú¬˛≈m? ÷Õm \>›][ º√´V_ ÷DÁƒ
√È ÿƒF>m º√V>V>V? ÷[™xD ÷Õm¸>V™›m¬zD,
√V˛¸>V™›m¬zD >Ô´VÆ ÷Ú©√>VÔ ]´Vs¶
ÂV‚ΩºÈ º√E, ÷∫z^· \¬ÔÁ· ∞[ kDA¬z
÷ø¬˛≈VÏÔ^ ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈VD. ŒÚ z¶D Ô∫ÁÔ ¿Á´
∂∫z¬ ÿÔVı| kÕm Aº´V≥D ÿƒFkÁ>s¶ ÷Õm
\ÔV ƒÁ√l™Ï Ô∫ÁÔlºÈ Â[≈VÔ xø˛ ®øÕm ∂∫ºÔ
º√ƒ‚|D. ÷Õm¸>V™›Á>› >\>V‚E¬z‚√|›]¬
ÿÔV^·‚|D. √V˛¸>V™›>VÚD ∂Á>› >|¬Ôs_ÁÈ.
ÂVxD >|¬Ôs_ÁÈ. º\ºÈ √V˛¸>V[! ÿ>uºÔ ]´Vs¶
ÂV|! ÷Á¶ºB ÷Õm¸>V[! ÷m>V[ xΩ°.
x[A, ]kV[ √Ô#Ï K.S. ÷´V\ƒVt ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ
\mÁ´l_ ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈ ÷Õm\ÔVƒÁ√ \VÂV‚|
k´ºkuA› >ÁÈk´VÔ ÷ÚÕm gu§B ÿƒVuÿ√Vas_,
÷∫z ÷Õm\ÔVƒÁ√ÁB¬ Ì‚¶ ºkıΩ kÕ>
c‚ÔV´›Á>¬ Ô¬˛s‚¶VÏ. ∂>Vkm, ÷Õmäx¸‹D
∏´flEÁ™ÁB© √u§B √B∫Ô´\V™ ¨]ÔÁ·¬
˛·©∏s‚|› ]´Vs¶›]_ c^º·VÁ´•D ""÷Õm¬Ô^''
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 33
®[Æ √V›BÁ> ÿÔVı¶VΩ› ]´Vs¶Á´› mÁ¬z
∂Áw©√mº√V_ ÂΩ›m, gˆB›Á> WÁȬÔfl ÿƒFkm
>V[ ÷∫z^· ÷Õm \ÔV ƒÁ√l™ˆ[ cıÁ\BV™
ÔÚ›m. ∂m ƒV¸]ˆBVˆ[ º√flE_ ÿ>πkVÔ› ÿ>ˆ˛≈m.
gˆBÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï ∏´flEÁ™ √u§•D, ÿ√ˆBVˆ[
]‚¶\V˛B ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚|© ∏ˆsÁ™ s≠B\VÔ°D
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ º√ElÚ©√m¶[, ∂Ák g>V´\u≈Ák,
g√›>V™Ák ®[ÆD ÔıΩ›]Ú¬˛≈VÏ.
√È\V™ ∂¸]kV´D º√V‚|¬ ÿÔV^· ºkı|ÿ\[Æ
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ WÁ™¬˛≈VÏ. gÔºk ÷Õm ®[≈ ÿƒV_K¬ºÔ
∂kÏ, ""÷Õm ®[≈V_, ÷Õ> ÂV‚Á¶© ∏≈Õ> ÷¶\VÔ°D
AıËB ØtBVÔ°D ÔÚm˛[≈k[ ®[√m ÿ√VÚ^''
®[Æ ÌÆ˛≈VÏ.
÷k´m sBV¬˛BV™›m¬z g>V´D ®[™ ®[√Á>
∂kÏ Ì≈s_ÁÈ.
""÷Õm'' ®[≈ √>›]uz ÷mkÁ´ g´VFflEBV·ÏÔ”D,
ƒˆ›]´D ®ø]º™VÚD, ∂Ô´V]¬ÔV´ÏÔ”D ÿÔV|›m^·
ÿ√VÚ^ ®[™ ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈VD.
√Ω›> ®kˆ¶xD c^· ÿ¤D ∂Ô´V]l_ (Gem Dic-
tionary) √VϬԂ|D. º\>VsÔ”¬z› º>Vw[ ®™¬
ÔÚ>©√|D ºƒD√ϸ (Chambers) ∂Ô´V]ÁB© √VϬ
Ô‚|D. √È ÂV‚|› >Ôk_ÔÁ·› ÿ>Vz›m› >ÚD
®[Áƒ¬º·V¨ΩBV¬ÔÁ·© √VϬԂ|D. ""÷Õm''
®[√>uz ®[™ ÿ√VÚ^ >´©√‚| ÷Ú¬˛≈m ®[√m
s·∫zD. ŒÚ Ω.∞. ƒVtÂV>FBÏ ®[√kÏ
ÿkπl‚¶Vº´ (Gem) ÿ¤D ∂Ô´V]. ∂]_ ""÷Õm''
34 gˆB\VÁB
®[√>uz 467ägD √¬Ô›]_ ÿ√VÚ^ Ì≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m.
BVm ∂©ÿ√VÚ^?
÷Õm ®[≈V_, ƒ™V>™ >Ï\V–ƒVˆ! ÷Õm¸>V™D
®[√>uz ∏Bϸ ®[Áƒ¬º·V¨ΩBV >Õm^· ÿ√VÚ^ :
÷\B›m¬zD sÕ]B\ÁȬzD ÷Á¶ºB c^· ∏´º>ƒ›
]_ ŒÚ √z] ®[√>VzD. ÷Õm ®[√m gˆBÁ´•D,
÷Õm¸>V™D ®[√m gˆB kÏ›>™›Á>•D z§¬zD.
÷Á>fl ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ \Æ¬Ô ®Õ> g>V´›Á>•D ä ∂k´m
g›]´›Á>› >s´ ä ÔV‚|k>u˛_ÁÈ.
÷Õ> ÷Õm¸>V™D, ÷Õm, ÷Õm\>D g˛Bku§uzD,
]´Vs¶ÂV|, ]´Vs¶Ï, ]´Vs¶Ï ƒ\BD g˛BkuƬzD
∂Ω©√Á¶BV™ ºkÆ√V|Ô^ c^·™. WÈk·D x>u
ÿÔVı| \¬Ô^ \™k·D kÁ´ ºkÆ√V|Ô^ cı|.
ºkÆ√V|Ô^ ÷Ú©∏–D ºÔÿ¶V[ÆD ºÂˆ¶Vm
®[§Ú¬ÔÈVD! x´ı√V|Ô^ c^·™! ∂kuÁ≈
\Á≈›m© √BM_ÁÈ; JΩ Ák›m gÔ©º√Vkm
Œ[Æt_ÁÈ. t¬Ô >Õ]´›º>V| gˆBÏ ÔV∫˛´E[
mÁÁB ÂVΩºBV, ÷Õm \ÔVƒÁ√l[ mÁ
ÿÔVıº¶V, ÿk^Á·Bˆ[ mÁ ÿÔVıº¶V ]´Vs¶
\ÈÏflEÁB› >|¬Ô xB[≈V_, "">V\>D'' ∞u√¶¬ Ì|º\
>s´, "">Á¶''ºBu√¶Vm. xΩ° ∏ˆsÁ™ >V[!
ƒˆ>xD ÷Ȭ˛BxD, ƒV[º≈VÏ ÿƒV_KD ]´Vs¶xD
>MÂV¶VÔ ÷ÚÕ>Á> ÿ\F©∏¬˛[≈™. ºk>ÔVÈD
x>uÿÔVı| ºkuÆÂV‚| \[™ÏÔ^ √Á¶ÿB|©A¬
ÔVÈDkÁ´ ]´Vs¶D >M ÂV¶VÔºk ÷ÚÕ>m!
gˆB ´VÎB∫Ô·VÔ¬ ÔVÕ>V´D, ÔVDº√V¤D, sº>ÔD
x>oB™ ÷ÚÕ>º√VmD, ]´Vs¶D >M g‚EBVÔºk
÷ÚÕ>m!
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 35
÷´V¤¬˛ÚÔ›Á>› >ÁÈÂÔ´VÔ¬ ÿÔVı| ""\ºÔV[™>''
\VÔ \Ô>´VÎBD ¶›>©√‚¶ º√VmD, ]´Vs¶D
>M>V[. \Ô>´VÎB›][ ""\ËÔ^'' ®™© √VËM,
√>fiƒo x>oB ""gˆB Eº´i¶ÏÔ^'' Œπ Tƒ°D
ÂV·Õ>V, s¬´\ÊÈV x>oB gˆB ƒÏkÔÈV ƒVÁÈÔ^
gˆB¬ Ô]ÏÔÁ·© √´©∏Bº√VmD, gˆB Œπ•DäÔ]ÚD,
sÕ]B›Á>› mÁ·›m¬ ÿÔVı| ]´Vs¶›]–^º·
k´xΩBs_ÁÈ, ]´Vs¶D >ÁÈ WtÏÕº> W[≈m.
ƒV¬˛B >Õ]´D ÷Õm ƒVD´VÎB›Á>¬ Ô‚ΩBVı¶
ƒÕ]´z©>[ ÔVÈ›]KD, ]´Vs¶D >MBVÔºk ÷ÚÕ>m.
∂[A¶[ ÌΩB g‚EÁB ¶›]B ∂ºƒVÔÏ ÔVÈ›]_
\‚|º\, ]´Vs¶ ®_ÁÈ© ∏´º>ƒ›][ ŒÚ √z]ÁB
k¶ÂV‚| k_È´∑ >[–^ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>m. Ô|Á\BV™
Ôo∫Ô© º√VÚ¬z© ∏≈z, ÷Õ>© √z] ∂ºƒVÔÏ
g‚E¬z‚√‚¶m. g™V_ ∂Õ>© º√Vˆ_ Ôo∫ÔÏ
ÔV‚ΩB T´D ∂ºƒVÔÁ´› ]≈Ák›>m¶[, s|>ÁÈ
T´ÏÔ^ \ΩÕm TµÕ> zaÔ^ ∂k´m zÁÈÁB Â|∫Ô
Ák›>m! ∂>™V_ ÷Mfl ƒıÁ¶ºB ºkı¶VD ®[Æ
ÌÆ\VÆD ∂[A¶[ g·ºkı|D ®[≈ º√V¬ÁÔ ∂kÏ
ÿÔV^”D √Ω•D ÿƒFs›>m. ]´Vs¶D ÔV‚ΩB T´D
∂ºƒVÔÚ¬z ∂≈›][ *m ∂·sÈV© √uÆ© ∏≈¬zD√Ωfl
ÿƒF>m.
z≠V[ kz©∏™Ï ∞u√|›]B ÷´VÎBD, sˆÕm √´Õm
÷ÚÕ>m; g™V_ sÕ]B›º>V| W[≈m. ]´Vs¶D >M ÂVº¶.
TÁ kVE©√>V_ su√[™ÏÔÁ·© √´kƒ©√|›>
°D, kV^ ®|›m T∑k>V_ T´ÏÔÁ·© √B∫ÿÔV^·fl
36 gˆB\VÁB ∂§QÏ ∂ıV 37

ÿƒFB°D ŒÚ∫ºÔ gu≈_ ÿ√u≈kÚD ÷Õ]B ÷∫Ù™D k¶ÂV‚Ω_ gˆBÏ WÆsB ®Õ> k_È´∑D
ÿ©º√VoB[ ®[≈ √‚¶›Á>fl ƒˆ›]´VEˆ Bˆ¶tÚÕm sÕ]B›]uz¬ ˇºw kÕ>]_ÁÈ. "T´V] T´ÏÔ^'
ÿ√u≈kÚD, Û´–\V˛B ƒÕ]´z©>[ >™m T´D kVµÕ>º√Vÿ>_ÈVD ]´Vs¶D >M ÂV¶VÔºk ÷ÚÕ>m;
xøkÁ>•D ÂÏ\Á> guƬz º\ºÈ>V[ ÔV‚¶ >Mfl E≈©A¶º™ s·∫˛uÆ:
xΩÕ>m. ]´Vs¶D AÔs_ÁÈ!
Ô˜M, ºÔVˆ, z›Ay[, ∂ÈV°y[, m¬·¬, √V√Ï,
\V·kD, ÌϤ´D, ÿƒ·´V¸Ω´D g˛B "´VÎB∫ÔÁ·' ∂¬√Ï, ∂°´∫ÔÊ© g˛ºBVÏ ÔVÈ›]KD ]´Vs¶›Á>
Tµ›]Bk–D ÔVπ>VvÏ, ∂\´ED\Ï, >[kÕ]ˆ g˛B ®Õ> k_È´∑D ∂¶¬˛ ∂a¬Ô xΩBVm º√VluÆ!
gˆB¬ ÔÁÈk_ÈVÚ¶[ ∂·k·Vs gı¶k–\V™
∞[? ]´Vs¶D gı¶kM[ ∂k>V´ AÚ¶ÏÔÁ·
s¬˛´\V]›]B[ ®[≈ ÔV´© ÿ√BÚD, ÷´ı¶VD
\‚|º\ ÂD∏¬ÿÔVı| kVµÕ>>V? ∂uA>∫ÔÁ·,
ƒÕ]´z©>[ ®[≈ ÷BuÁÔ© ÿ√BÚD ÿ√u≈
ºBVÔ∫ÔÁ· ÂD∏¬ÿÔVı| kVµÕ>>V? ÷_ÁÈ! ÷_ÁÈ!
\[™Á™•D sÕ]BD \¶¬˛s‚¶m. ∂k[
T´›m¶[ ÷ÚÕ>m.
]´Vs¶ÂV| AÔs_ÁÈ!
""tÁ·•D ˛¶∫zD kÁ·su ÿ√V§•D
gˆBD cflƒWÁÈ ∂Á¶Õ]ÚÕ> ÔVÈD ∂m.
ÔÚs´ŸÔxD Ô_otµ ÔkbD
"ÿ√VuÔVÈD' ®[Æ AÔµÿ√u≈ ºÂ´D, Aº´Vfl ÔVDº√
√ˆ°Æ ÿkÕÿ•D √VÔ| zWE•D!
mÁ≈xÔ∫Ôπ_ sBV√V´D ÿƒa›> ƒ\BD. gˆB √‚¶Ï
ÔV_ÿ√V[ –ÁÈ•D Ô_o| ÌÁ¶•D
>\m gu≈ÁȬ ÔV‚ΩB ºÂ´D. "÷Õm \>D' ®[Æ
#ıΩKD ÿ>V¶¬zD gı¶ÁÈ B|©AD
\Á¶BV g]¬ÔD ÿ√uÆ A›> \>›Á> Œ|¬˛B ƒ\BD.
ÔÁk•D Ôø°D AÁ>•D AÁw•D
∂Õ>© ÿ√VuÔVÈ›]KD (Golden Age) ]´Vs¶D >M
nRs› mÈVxD ÁÔÿ√B ÚE•D
ÂV¶VÔºk >Áw›]ÚÕ>m.
ÿƒ[ÿ≈§ E´KD √[§•D √Á•D
√VÏ ®ø]B «Ï≠ ƒˆ›]´›Á>© √Ω©º√VÏ, ®ø°D Ê©AD xøs≈u ÔÁBxD
«Ï≠[ T´›Á> cÏkÏ. Ôº™VÎ ÂÔÁ´› >ÁÈ ÂÔ´VÔ¬ ;ºÔVKD zÕ>xD ºkKD ∏≈°D...''
ÿÔVı| gı¶ «Ï≠Ï, gÆ gı|Ô^ kVÁ·
ÿÔVı| º√Vˆ|D T´ \´∏™´VÔ› ]´Vs¶Ï ÷ÚÕ>
cÁ≈lo¶Vm º√VÏ AˆÕ> T´Ï ®›>Á™ºBV ÿku§Ô^
>V_, ∂Dÿ√F•D ÿ√V§, ÔˆB s´ÁÈ•Á¶B z´∫z
Ôı¶kÏ. ∂kÏ º>VuÆ >\m cÁ≈kVÁ· cÁ≈lo‚|
º√V[≈ ÔΩ¬zD ÿ√V§, Ô_ÿȧ•D Ôkı, ºÔV‚Á¶
{ΩBm, ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚| ®_ÁÈl_>V[! ÂÚ\Á>¬z›
*º>≈ xBKD ®]ˆ *m ÔVFflE ªuÆD ®ıÿF.
ÿ>uºÔ>V[! ÷´ı¶VD AoºÔE ®–D ÷´Ô·fl Û´[
∂Às>\V™ ®ıÿF x>oB™ ªuÆ>uÔV™ √V›]´D.
«Ï≠Á™› º>VuÔΩ›>V[.
÷ÚDA¬ ÔD∏ÔÁ·¬ ÔVFfl∑D cÁÈ, Ô_KD ÔkbD
38 gˆB\VÁB
Ák¬zD ÌÁ¶, ºÔV‚Á¶ \]_*m ∞≈ xBKD ®]ˆ*m
\V‚Ωko¬zD #ıΩ_ º√V[≈ ÔÚs, ƒ∫˛o, ®]ˆl[
*m Tƒfl ºƒk_ >ÁȺ√V[≈ ÿ√V§, ∂ÔaÁB› >VıΩ
º\ºÈ ∞ÆD ®]ˆÁB› >V¬˛¬ ˇºw >^· ÷ÚDA cȬÁÔ
∂DA¬Ì‚¶D, ®]ˆÔ^ *m y T∑D ÿ√V§, Eu≈DAÔ^
®F•D BÕ]´D, \][º\uA≈›m cflEl_ ∞ÆD ®]ˆl[
ÁÔÔÁ·¬z›mD ªEÔ^, \]o_ ∞§™k[ c¶ÁȬ
˛a¬zD ÷ÚD√Vu ÿƒF> √[§ cÚ°Á¶B BÕ]´D.
J∫˛_ º√V[≈ cÚ°Á¶B ÷ÚDA¬ ÔD∏Ô^, ºÔV‚
Á¶¬z g>´kVÔ©º√V¶©√|D ÿ√ˆB \´¬Ô‚Á¶Ô^,
∂kuƬz¬ zƬºÔ º√V|D c›]´∫Ô^, >Ω, ~‚Ω,
ºk_, kV^ T∑D, ÿ√V§ x>oB™ ÿÔVı| º√Vˆ‚¶™Ï
]´Vs¶Ï.
EÈ©√]ÔV´›Á>© √Ω©º√VÏ, ÷Õ> ÿÂfiÁƒ ∂^”D
ºƒ]ÁB¬ ÔVı√Ï.
∂[Æ ]´Vs¶Ï, gˆBϺ√V_ ""∂ˆ ∂´ \VÁB'' º\Ô
kV•kV¸]´D, E›m x>oB™ ¤VÈ∫ÔÁ·, Ô‚|¬
ÔÁ>ÔÁ·© AÁ™ÕmÿÔVı| kVws_ÁÈ. T´›º>V|
kVµÕ>™Ï. >M›m W[Æ >MflE≈©A© ÿ√u≈™Ï.
]´Vs¶ ÂV| ÷∫Ù™D ÷Ú¬Ôs_ÁÈ ®[Æ ÷Õm \ÔV
ƒÁ√l™Ï Ì≈ xΩ•\V? ∂›>ÁÔB ÂV| *ı|D
>MÂV¶V™V_, √ıÁ¶¬ ÔVÈ›]uºÔu≈ ÿ√V§Ô^,
º√VϬÔÚsÔ^ ÿÔVı| >DÁ\› >VD √VmÔV›m¬
ÿÔVı¶m¶[, k¶¬ºÔ gˆBÏ ∞u√|›]B ®Õ>
k_È´∑¬zD >ÁÈk∫ÔVm kVµÕ>mº√VȺk,
÷¬ÔVÈ© º√VϬÔÚsÔ·V™ m©√V¬˛, º>V‚¶V, ¨´∫˛,
ºk‚|, ¶V∫˛, ¶VÏ∏º¶V, s\V™D, ÿkΩzı|,
Ô©√_, ƒ©ÿ\Á´[ x>oB™ ÿÔVı| k_È´∑Ô”¬z
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 39
÷Á´BVÔV\_ kVÁÔ ÛΩ kVw xΩBV>V ®[√Á>› >V[
]Ú©√VÁk √V|D ]kV[√Ô#Ï ºBVE›m© √VÏ›m©
√]_ Ì≈ ºkı|˛º≈VD. ÌÆkV´V?
]´Vs¶D >MÂV¶VÔºk ÷ÚÕm kÕ>m ®[√Á>fl
ƒˆ›]´, ÷Ȭ˛B g>V´∫ÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı| ÂVD s·¬˛
º™VD. g™V_, ∂m ]kV[ √Ô#Ï ÷´V\ƒVt ƒV¸]ˆ
º√V[º≈VϬz s·¬ÔD >´Vm!
""gˆBÏ ÿkπÂV‚ΩoÚÕm kÕ>kÏÔ^, ]´Vs¶Ï
÷∫ºÔºB º>V[§™kÏ ®[ÆÁ´¬˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷m°Õ
>kÆ'' ®[Æ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ \mÁ´ \VÂV‚ΩºÈ ̧™VÏ.
∂kÚ¬z› >>V¸m ÌÆD º√ÏkaÔÁ·© √u§ Â\¬z¬
ÔkÁÈl_ÁÈ. g™V_ ƒV¸]ˆBVÚD ∂k´m ʶÏÔ”D
÷∫Ù™D ̧™VKD, ∂kÏÔ^ ∏^Á·Ô^ ÷[Æ √^π¬
̶∫Ôπ_ √Ω©√m, "gˆBÏ ÿkπÂV‚¶VÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï
ØÏkzΩÔ^ ä ]´Vs¶Á´ gˆBÏ >¸R¬Ô^ ®[Æ
÷akVÔ¬ ̧™Ï' ®[√m >V[. EÆ ∏^Á·Ô^
c^·›]ºÈ ÷Õ> cıÁ\ ÷¶Dÿ√ÆDº√Vm ÂÁ´›>
Â|∫˛Ô^ ºkÆs>\VÔ ÂVkÁƒ©√m √u§ Â\¬ÿÔ[™
ÔkÁÈ!
""÷Õm¬Ô^ ÿ√ÚÕ>[Á\BV™, c>V´\V™ ºÂV¬Ô
x^·kÏÔ^'' ®[Æ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ ÌÆ˛≈VÏ. ÷m cıÁ\
®[Æ ºƒˆÁB ŒÚxÁ≈ Ôı¶ ®kº´–D Œ©A¬ÿÔV^·
xΩ•\V? ÿÔV|∫ºÔV[Á\¬z, \¬ÔÁ· \¬Ô^ Ôƒ¬˛©
∏ak>uz, tÚÔ›>™\VÔ Â¶›mk>uz, \–Ák s¶fl
E≈Õ> zÚ ºkÆ ®∫zD ÷´Vº´, \– gˆB Eº´V\Ë!
"÷Õm' ÿ√ÚÕ>[Á\ ∂]ºÈ ÿ>ˆ˛≈º> ÿ>πkVÔ!
÷[™x\V, ∞F¬Ô© √VÏ©√m?
40 gˆB\VÁB
\È›Á> t]›ms‚¶V_ ÔVÁȬ Ôøs™VºÈ
º√VmD; \M>Á™ (g]]´Vs¶Á™)› yıΩs‚¶V_,
zπ¬Ô ºkı|º\! ∏´VBflE›>D ÿƒFm ÿÔV^·
ºkı|º\ ∏´V\ zºÈV›>\ÏÔ^! ÷m>V[ >V´V·D,
ÿ√ÚÕ>[Á\!
÷∫Ù™D TbÁ´ WÔµ›]¬ ÿÔVı|, ÿkÕ> AıË_
ºk_ OÁw¬Ô ºkı¶VD. t]√|D Aø°D EÈ ƒ\BD
ÿÔV‚|D ®[Æ ÂVD ƒV¸]ˆBVÚ¬z¬ ÌÆ˛º≈VD.
ƒ™V>™›m¬z, ÁkyÔ›m¬z Am› >›mkVÏ›>©
ÿ√VÚ^ ÿÔV|›ms‚¶V_ º√V>Vm. ""®[ ÷´V\[ ºkÆ,
®[ kÏV¸´\D ºkÆ'' ®[Æ ÔVÕ]BVÏ ÌÆkm º√V_,
"ƒ™V>M √ȤV] ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|ÿ\™¬ Ì≈ÈVÔVm!'
®[Æ Ì§s‚¶V_ º√V>Vm, >VD cÁw©√m>V[
ƒ™V>™D, kw¬Ô›]_ ÂÁ¶xÁ≈l_ ÷Ú©√m
cıÁ\BV™ ƒ™V>™\VÔVm ®[Æ ]kV[ √Ô#Ï
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ c^·√Ω "÷Ú>B© ØÏk\VÔ'! ÂD∏™V_,
÷[Æ x>_ cıÁ\¬z \V≈V™m ®[Æ ∂kÏ ÔÚmD√Ω
÷Ú¬zD. ƒ™V>™›Á> ∂a¬Ô xu√¶‚|D, ∂m T´D!
∂m gı\Ô[ ÿƒB_!
""x¸‹D ‹¬ √V˛¸>V[ ºÔ‚Ô› ÿ>V¶∫˛BÁ>©
√VÏ›m© ÿ√ˆBVÏ ÷´V\ƒVt ÂVB¬ÔÚD ∂kÚÁ¶B
Ô‚EÁBfl ƒVÏÕ>kÏÔ”D, ">tµÂV|' ]´Vs¶ÂV|
®[ÆD, ∂Á> ºkÆ º>ƒ\VÔ© ∏ˆ›ms¶ ºkı|D,
∂]oÚÕm gˆBÏÔÁ· ¿¬˛s¶ ºkı|D ®[ÆD
g´D∏›>VÏÔ^' ®[Æ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ ÌÆ˛≈VÏ.
√V˛¸>V[ ®[√][ ®]ÿ´VoB_È, ""]´Vs¶¸>V[''
®[≈ xw¬ÔD. JÈD ]´Vs¶¸>V[ ®[≈ xw¬Ôº\!
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 41
∂>[ k¶ÂV‚|© √]©º√ √V˛¸>V[ ®[≈ xw¬ÔD.
√V˛¸>V[, ÈVÌÏ ‹¬ \VÂV‚Ω_ ®øD∏Bm 22ä3ä40÷_.
]´Vs¶ ÂV‚Á¶› >M ÂV¶V¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√m
¤¸Ω¸ Ô‚E \VÂV| ÿƒ[Á™l_ ÌΩBº√Vm
ÿ√ˆBVˆ[ º√ÚÁ´loÚ©√m. ÷m 1938 ΩƒD√ˆ_! ÷Õ>
gı| s›]BVƒ∫ ̶fl ƒV¸]BVÚ¬z› ÿ>ˆBV\u
º√V™m ∂]ƒBº\!
""÷Õm¬Ô”¬z^ ®Õ>¬ ÔV´›>VÈVkm \™¬Ôƒ©A
÷ÚÕ>V_ ∂Á> Â\¬z^ ƒ\V>V™\VÔ› yÏ›m¬ ÿÔV^·
ºkı|º\ >s´, ŒÚ kz©√VÏ >V∫Ô^ ÷Õm¬Ôº· ∂_È
®[Æ x¸‹DÔº·V| ºƒÏÕm Œ›mÁw©√>V?'' ®[Æ
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ ºÔ‚˛≈VÏ.
÷Õm¬Ô”¬z^ >Ô´VÆ ®[≈ >›mkD \Á≈Õm ÿkz
ÂV‚Ô·V˛ s‚¶™! ""ÂV–D ÷Õm >Vº™, ®[Á™ ∞[
ÿÔV|Á\©√|›m˛SÏ? ®[Á™ ∞[ >VµÕ> ¤V] ®[Æ
ÌÆ˛SÏ?'' ®[Æ ÁÔÌ©∏¬ ºÔ‚¶º√Vm, ÿÂfiƒD ]≈¬Ô
s_ÁÈ! ∏≈ºÔ ÂVD ºBVE›º>VD. ŒÚ EÆ Ì‚¶D ÂDÁ\
÷∫Ù™D ÿÔV|Á\©√|›>¬ ÔV´D ®[™ ®[≈
cıÁ\ s·∫˛uÆ, ÷m ÷™©º√V´V‚¶D ®[√m
ÿ>ˆÕ>m. ∂kÏÔ^ gˆBÏ. ÂVD ]´Vs¶Ï! ∂º>
g´VFflEºB, x¸oDÔ^ ]´Vs¶ ÷™D, ÷¸ÈVtB
\VϬÔD ®[≈ cıÁ\ÁB cÁ´›>m. gÔºk ]´Vs¶
÷¸ÈVtB¬ Ì‚|©√Á¶ ˛·D∏uÆ. ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ
ÌÆkm º√VÈ, ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚ΩoÚÕm gˆBÁ´ {‚¶
∂_È; gˆB›Á> {‚¶! ∂>uz x¸‹DÔ”¶[
Œ›mÁw©√>V? ®[˛≈VÏ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ. gD! ∂ÿ\ˆl¶D
Œ›mÁw¬˛SÏ ¿Ï. ∂Á> \≈¬Ôºkı¶Vÿ\[Æ
ƒV¸]ˆBVÚ¬z¬ ÌÆ˛º≈VD. g∫˛ºÈBÚD gˆBÚD
42 gˆB\VÁB
Œº´ ÷™D. ÷™›º>V| ÷™D ºƒÚ˛≈m. ]´Vs¶ÚD ä
÷¸ÈVtBÚD Œº´ ÷™D! ÷™›º>V| ÷™D ºƒÚ˛≈m!
ÿ√ˆBVÏ ÷´V\ƒVt ÂVB¬ÔÏ, √V˛¸>V™›m¬z‚
√‚| kVµÕ>VKD kVwÈVº\ ŒaB, gˆBÚ¶[
kVw¬Ì¶Vm ®™¬ ºÔVÁk \VÂV‚Ω_ cÁ´›>VÏ ®[Æ
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ ºƒV˛¬˛≈VÏ. cıÁ\>V[! ÿ√ˆBVÏ
∂∫Ù™D >V[ cÁ´›>VÏ. ÷™D ÷™›º>V| ºƒÚD ®[≈
WB]ÁB ®|›mÁ´›>VÏ.
""÷m ¶¬ÔV> ÔVˆBD'' ®[ÆÁ´¬˛≈VÏ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ.
¶¬ÔV> ÔVˆB\V™V_, ∂>[ ÿ√VÚ‚| ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ,
ƒkÏÔÔVÏ ¤kVπ √V¶, k´>Ï tÚ>∫ÔD ÿÔV‚¶›
>VƒÏÔ^ >V·t¶, gˆB ÂV‚ΩB\VΩlÚ©√V´V?
""√V˛¸>V™D ®©√Ω ÿkÆ∫Ô™ºkV, ∂©√ΩºB
]´Vs¶¸>V™xD Ô™°>V['' ®[Æ Ì§, \™fl ƒVÕ]
ÿ√Æ˛≈VÏ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ.
√V˛¸>V[, ]´Vs¶¸>V[ ˛·ÏflE ÿkÆD Ô™°
®[√m cıÁ\BV™V_, \mÁ´ \VÂV‚|¬z ∂›>Á™
√flÿƒÈ° g˛lÚ¬ÔVm!
Ô™° ÔVı√m BVÏ? ®[√Á>¬ ÔVÈD ÔV‚¶‚|D.
∂mkÁ´ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ ∂ÿ\ˆ ∂π›> \ÔV \Õ]´›Á>
cflƒV¶™D ÿƒFm ÿÔVıΩÚ¬Ô‚|D!
>∫ÔÁ· "÷Õm¬Ô^' ∂_È ®[Æ ÿƒV_o¬ ÿÔV^”D
√VÏ©√™´_ÈV>VÏ *m √VB ºkı|D ®[Æ √uÔÁ·
Â≈Â≈ÿk™¬ ÔΩ¬˛≈VÏ. √È ∂k>V´ÿ\|›>'' ∂´EB_
gÁ\ ¶V¬¶Ï k´>´VhK ÂV•|ÔVÚ! ∂kÏ ÷©º√Vm
÷Õm¬ÔÁ·© √Á¶ ]´‚|˛≈V´VD. ∞[? x¸‹DÔπ[
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 43
g]¬ÔD k·´ ÿkV‚¶Vm >|¬ÔÈVD; x¸‹DÔ^
√V˛¸>V[ ºÔ‚√Á>•D ]´Vs¶Ï ]´Vs¶ÂV|
ºÔ‚√Á>•D >|¬ÔÈVD ®[Æ!
∂√V´\V™ ºBVƒÁ™>V[! T´\V™ cÆ\_>V[!
g™V_, ÷>uz ¶V¬¶Ï k´>´VhK, \¬ÔÁ· ∞[
kÁÈl_ E¬Ô Ák¬Ô ºkı|D? √VuÔ¶_ *m √^π
ÿÔVı¶kÏ! √¬>Ï mBÁ´› yÏ¬Ô kÕ>kÏ √›\ÂV√V!
√´Õ>V\V! ®[Æ g´D∏›m ŒÚ Jfl∑ ∂ÏflE›m s‚¶V_
º√V>V>V? x©√›m x¬ºÔVΩ º>kÏÔ^. ÂVu√›ÿ>ıV
l´D ˆ¥Ô^, ˛[™´Ï, ˛DAÚ¶Ï, ÔÕ>ÏkÏ, ÷Õ]´[,
ƒÕ]´[, ∏´\[, T´√›]´[, xÚÔ[, sÂVBÔ[, Ek[,
sib \uÆD c^· ÷Õm¬ Ô¶°^Ô^ >D z|D√
ƒ˛>\VÔ© A≈©√‚| kÕm s|kVÏÔº·! ÷Á>s‚|
ªÚ¬z¬ Ì‚¶D ∞[? ∂§¬ÁÔÔ^ ®>uz? k¶ÂV|
ÿ>[ÂV| k‚¶t|km ®>uz? ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈VD.
∂©√Ω k‚¶t‚¶VKD ÔVE s¸kÂV>Ï ÔVÈΩ
ÿ>Vøm ÿ>V¶ÏÕm \u≈› "]ÀBº≥›]´∫ÔÁ·' >ˆE›m
s‚| ÷´Vº\¸k´›]_ Jµ˛ ®øÕm ""÷´V\ÂV\º\
ÔuÔı|! ∂mºk ®∫Ô^ ÿkΩzı|'' ®[Æ √¤Á™
ÿƒFms‚¶V_, \ÁȺ√V_ kÚD m[√xD √M º√V_
º√Vzº\!
÷Õm\>¬ Ôu√Á™Ôπ_ ¶V¬¶Ú¬z gÏkD ÷Ú©√>V_
>V[, >Vº\VÏ ÷Õm ®[Æ *Áƒ º\_ ÁÔº√V¶
®ıb˛≈VÏ! *Áƒ ÷_ÁÈ! gÔºk ¶V¬¶Ï Jfiºƒl¶D
xÁ≈l|˛≈VÏ. ∂kÏ >\m >VΩÁB cÚ°˛≈VÏ! ÂVD
]´Vs¶Ï; ÷Õm A´V›][ g√Vƒ›Á> ∂ÈE© √VÏ›m©
√VÏ›m, Â\¬z ∂ÚkÚ©A› >‚Ωs‚¶m. ÿkπ•È˛_
c^· ÂVÔˆÔ \¬Ô^ ÂÁÔ¬Ô¬ÌΩB A´V© A”zÔÁ·,
44 gˆB\VÁB ∂§QÏ ∂ıV 45

ÂD \> ±_Ô^ ®[Æ Ì§¬ÿÔV^· \™D ÷¶D Â\¬z ÂVK, gÆ, ÂVu√›ÿ>‚|¬ Ôı√Á¶›>
>´s_ÁÈ. g√Vƒ›Á> gı¶k[ ]ÚsÁ·BV¶_ ®[Æ Ô¶°^Ô^ ºkı¶VD. Â\¬z Œº´ gı¶k[ º√VmD.
̧¬ÿÔV^·, ∂§° ÷¶Õ>´s_ÁÈ. ¶V¬¶Ï ÂV•|°¬z cÚk\u≈ º>k[! ª[ ºkı¶V> ƒVt! ª´VÏ ÔVÁƒ¬
ƒÏkxD ÷[Æ ƒÏ¬ÔÁ´BVÔ ÷Ú¬˛≈m. ÔˆBV¬zD cuƒkD ºÔ‚ÔV> ƒVt! g¶_ √V¶_
∂È∫ÔV´V]Ô^, ∂©√D √VBƒD ∂¬ÔV´kΩE_ ºÔ‚ÔV>
g©∏ˆ¬ÔV ÂV‚ΩºÈ ŒÚ s>\V™ \¬Ô^ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ
ƒVt! ∂∫ºÔ, ÷∫ºÔ ®[Æ g”¬z g^ ÷¶›Á>© ∏ˆ›m
Ô^, ∂kÏÔ^ Ôø›]ºÈ \ıÁ¶ {|ÔÁ· \Ë g´\VÔ
Ák¬ÔV> ƒVt! ∂ÏflƒÁ™, cıΩB_ ®[Æ Ì§,
º√V‚|¬ÿÔVı| ÷Ú©√VÏÔ^. \V| Ô[ÆÔÁ·¬
∂¬˛´ÔV´›Á>¬ ÿÔVø¬Ô Ák¬ÔV> ƒVt ÷ÚÕ>V_
Ôı¶V_ \ıΩl‚|› ÿ>VøkVÏÔ^. ̶© ∏≈Õ>kÁ´¬
º√VmD. ÂDt¶tÚÕm "]BV™›Á>' ÿ√≈‚|D. ∂ÚÁ·›
ÿÔV[Æ ƒVt¬z© √Á¶©√VÏÔ^, Ì›>V|kVÏÔ^,
>´‚|D; ÂDt¶tÚÕm >‚ƒÁ ÿ√uÆ› >Ï©√VÛ´Ï
zΩ©√VÏÔ^ ®[Æ Ì§s‚| ∂Õ> ÷™›Á>fl ºƒVÕ>kÏ
Ô”¬z› >V™D >ÚD º>kÁ>Ô^ Â\¬z ºkı¶VD
>VD ¿∫Ô^ ®[Æ ÂDt¶\VÔ‚|D c∫Ôπ¶\VÔ‚|D {Ï
®[√Á> cÆ]©√|›>ºk, ÂVD ÂDÁ\ ÷Õm ∂_Èÿk[Æ
g©∏ˆ¬Ô kVEºBV, ∂_Èm ÷∫z^· ºkÆ ®kº´V
ÌÆ˛º≈VD.
ÿƒV[™V_ ÿƒV_√kˆ[ √uÔ^ ˇºw c]ÏÕm sø\V?
swV>V? g^ ¶\V¶ {Ï cÈÔD, gs cÈk \uº≈VÏ cÈÔD,
÷Õ]´[ ÷Ú¬Ô {Ï cÈÔD, ÂVÔ[ >∫Ô {Ï cÈÔD; º\ºÈ
ÂVK >ÁÈfl ƒVtÔ^, J[Æ Ôı ƒVtÔ^, J[Æ>ÁÈfl
∞ø, ˇºw ∞ø ®™© √]™V[z cÈÔ∫Ô·VD! ∂>È, s>È,
ƒVtÔ^, gl´DÔıƒVt, gÆ>ÁÈflƒVt, gÁ™xÔflƒVt,
∑>È, >´V>È, ÷´ƒV>È, \ÔV>È, √V>V·D ®™ ∞wVD!
gπkVFflƒVt, √ÚÕº>ÆD ƒVt. ÔVÁ· ∞ÆD Ô¶°^,
غÈVÔ, AkºÈVÔ, ∑kºÈVÔ ƒ™ºÈVÔ >√ºÈVÔ \ÔºÈVÔ
ÔV¬ÁÔ *m √≈¬zD Ô¶°^, >ÁÈ*m Á>BÁÈ› >V∫˛
ƒÕ]´ºÈVÔD ®™ º\_ cÈÔD ∞wVD! ÷›>Á™ cÈÔ∫Ô^
WuzD ÿ>FkD, ˆ¥ √›]MÔπ¶D ´v\–√s¬Ô Â|
÷Õm°¬z cı| ∞‚ΩºÈ. Â\¬z ÷Ák ºkı¶VD;
WEl_ º√VzD ÿ>FkD ®[Æ A´V ∂‚¶kÁ
ÂVtÚ¬zD ÂV| Â\¬z ÷ÚÕ>V_ º√VmD; Â[ÿƒ•D,
ÔπºÈ c^·™ºk! ÂVD ÷Õm ®[Æ Ì§¬ÿÔVı¶V_,
A[ÿƒ•D, ƒVÁÈ•D, ºƒVÁÈ•D, kVs•D Â]•D,
÷kÏÔÁ· Â\m ÿ>Fk∫Ô^ ®[Æ Œ©A¬ÿÔVı| ÿ>Vw
\¬Ô”D ∑¨‚ƒxD ÷Ú¬Ô‚|D. ÔV\º>–°D Ôu√Ô
ºkı|º\, ÷Õ>fl ÿƒF]ÁB¬ ºÔ‚¶V_ cÈÔ ÂVÔˆÔ
sÚ‚ƒxD, ´DÁ√•D ªÏkE•D ÷Ú¬˛≈ cÈÔ›]ºÈ,
\¬Ô^ ÂDÁ\ ¿¬º´V¬ÔÁ· s¶¬ ºÔkÈ\V™kÏÔ^
¶V¬¶Ï k´>´VhKºk cÈk‚|D! xΩÛ‚Ω¬
®[Æ ºÔo ÿƒFkVÏÔº·! ÷Õ>¬ Ôı≈Vs¬z ®[™
ÿÔV^·‚|D! ÂVtÚ¬zD ÂV‚ΩºÈ Â\m cÁw©A
ÿƒFkm? ÷›>ÁÔB g√Vƒ›Á> ÂD >ÁÈl_ #¬˛©
Â\¬z© √B[√‚|, ÂVK ¤V]lºÈ ÂVD ˇµ ¤V] ®[≈
º√V‚|¬ÿÔV^·, Â\¬z \™D ®©√Ω› mË•D?
ÿÔV|Á\ ÷[§ ""ÂV\VϬz∫ zΩB_ºÈVD'' ®[Æ ÂVD
gÔºk>V[, ÂVD ÷Õm ∂_Èÿk[Æ ÌÆ˛º≈VD.
46 gˆB\VÁB
kVµÕ>V_ º√VmD ®[≈ ®ı›]_>V[, ÂVD ÂDÁ\
÷Õm ∂_È ®[Æ Ì§¬ÿÔV^˛º≈VD.
ÂVD BVÚ¬zD º\_ ∂_È, BVÚD Â\¬z º\ºÈVÏ
∂_È! ÂVD g· g‚Ô^ ºkı¶VD! ÂDÁ\ g·°D
nBÏ\VÏ ºkı¶VD! ÂDtÁ¶ºB >´ÔÏ Ì¶Vm. >Ï©Á√
gÔVm. ºƒˆ•D ̶Vm. ∂¬˛´ÔV´xD gÔVm. ºBVÔ BVÔ©
A´‚|Ô^, Aº´V˛>© ∏›>ÈV‚¶D, \–¬ÿÔV|Á\
ºkı¶VD. \M>Ï BVkÚD ƒˆWÔÏ ƒ\V™\VÔ
kVµºkVD ®[Æ ÌÆ√kÏ ®©√Ω› >DÁ\ "÷Õm' ®[Æ
̧¬ÿÔV^· xΩ•D? J¶ \]¬ÔV´Ï' ÿÔV|Á\¬ÔV´Ï,
∂ΩÁ\, Û›]´[ ®[Æ Ì§¬ÿÔV^· ®©√Ω›>V[ \™D
÷¶Õ>ÚD? ®©√Ω›>V[ mË•D? "÷Õm \>D' ®[√]ºÈ
c^· Ô¶°^ xÁ≈, ƒx>VB xÁ≈, \>¬ÔÁ> xÁ≈,
\¬Ô^ kVµ¬ÁÔ xÁ≈ g˛BkuÁ≈ ∂ÈE© √VÏ›> ∏≈z
BVÚ¬z›>V[ >[Á™ {Ï ""÷Õm'' ®[Æ Ì§¬ ÿÔV^·
\™D ÷¶Õ>ÚD? √VDÁ√ ®|›m© √|¬ÁÔl_ s‚|¬
ÿÔV^kV´V? s≠›Á> ®|›m cs_ ºƒÏ©√V´V? T]¬
z©Á√ÁB T‚|¬z^ ÿÔVı| º√VFfl ºƒÏ©√V´V? \]
mÈ∫zD s≠B∫ÔÁ· s‚|, \] ÿÔ|¬zD Ôu√Á™
ÔÁ·¬ Ô‚Ω ∂økV´V? *· \VϬÔD º>|kÁ>s‚|,
\V·ka º>Ω¬ÿÔV^kV´V? s|>ÁȬz ka ∏≈Õ>
∏[™Ï, ∂ΩÁ\ x§flÊ‚Ω_ ÁÔÿBV©√t|kV´V? Ôı
ÿ>ˆ•Dº√Vm zal_ TµkV´V? >VD ]´Vs¶Ï ®[Æ
ÿ>ˆÕ> ∏≈z ]´Vs¶Ï >[MÔ´uÆ kVµÕ> ÷™D ®[√m
ÿ>ˆÕ> ∏≈z, >DÁ\ ÷a° ÿƒFm ÿÔV|Á\¬z
g·V¬zD"÷Õm' \VϬԛ]_ º√VFfl ºƒ´ ÷ÁƒkV´V?
T´› ]´Vs¶Ï ®[≈ {Ï cÏflE T§‚| ®w©ÿ√uº≈VÏ,
÷M ~™\VF ¶›mD ÷Õm \VϬԛÁ> ∞ÿ≈|›mD
√V´VÏ! ∂>[ ÷|¬˛_ º√VFfl ºƒ´VÏ; ÷aÁk› º>¶VÏ!!
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 47
¶V¬¶Ï ÂV•|, gˆB´Vkm ]´Vs¶´Vkm ®[Æ ÌÆD
∂kƒ´kV]. ®_ÈVD ÔÈÕms‚¶m ®[Æ º√∑D
ƒ\´ƒkV]. g´VFflEBV·ÏÔ^ ∂kϺ√VÈ, ∂´EB_
ªfiƒo_ c^·kÏÔ·_ÈÏ; ∂kÏÔπ[ ∂∏©∏´VBD
√Ω©√VKD √ı√VKD, sÚ©A ÿkÆ©A ∂u≈ sºkÔ
s·¬Ô›>VKD cıÁ\ÁB› º>Ω¬ Ôı|∏Ω¬Ô
ºkı|D ®[≈ cBÏ ºÂV¬Ô›>VKD cı¶Vk™.
÷Õm\ÔV ƒÁ√lºÈ ºƒÏÕº>VD; ®™ºk ÷M ∂>uz›
>¬Ô√Ω ÔÚ›Á>› ]Ú›] ∂Á\©º√VD ®[≈ xÁ≈
¶V¬¶Ï k´>Ú¬z© ∏ˆB\VÔ ÷Ú¬ÔÈVD. ∂§QÏ, >\m
∂∏©∏´VB›Á> ∂©√Ω s√flƒV´ s|]¬z ∂–©∏¶
\V‚¶VÏÔ^. ¶V¬¶Ï k´>Ϻ√VÈ› ]Ú. T.R. ÿk∫Ô¶´V\
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ 1940 ∏©´kˆl_ z¶ÕÁ>l_, ]´Vs¶´Vkm
gˆB´Vkm ®[Æ º√EB ÔVÁÈ, º√´VEˆBÏ ºƒV\∑Õ>´
√V´]BVÏ ˇµ¬ÔVbD ÔÚ›]Á™ ÿkπl‚¶VÏ. ∂§°
tπÚD ∂kÏ cÁ´lÁ™ ∂[√ÏÔ‚z ∂π¬˛º≈VD:
>∫Ô”¬z›>V[ ºBV¬˛BÁ>•D A›]•D ÷Ú©√
>VÔ ÷Æ\V©A¶[ º√∑km "\ÔV›\V' s[ A]B
ºBVƒÁ™Ôπ_ Œ[Æ>V[ ®[Æ WÁ™¬Ô ºkıΩ
÷Ú¬˛≈m. º>VwÏ ƒV¸]ˆBVÁ´© º√VÈ sƒVÈ
A›]•^·kÏ ºkı|ÿ\[Æ zÁ≈ ÌÆkÁ>, ÂD\V_
÷[™ÿ>[º≈ ÿ>ˆÕm ÿÔV^· xΩBs_ÁÈ. ∂kÏ ®Õ>
s≠B›Á>•D ∂È∫ÔV´\VF º¤VΩ›mfl ÿƒV[™V_
∂Á> ÂDAkVÏÔ^ ®[ÆD, √ıÁ¶B ÔVÈ›m› ]´Vs¶
\¬Ô”¬z Œ[ƺ\ ÿ>ˆBVÿ>[ÆD ÿƒV[™m
x‚¶V^>™º\.
∂kÏ ÿƒV[™ s≠B∫Ôπ_, EÈ ºÔ^sÔ^ ºÔ‚√>uz
Â\¬z WBVBtÚ¬˛≈m. ∂>uz ∂kÏ √]_ ÿƒV_oºB y´
48 gˆB\VÁB
ºkı|D. ∞ÿ™M_ ∂kÏ A]B>VF¬ Ôı|∏Ω›mfl
ÿƒV[™ s≠B∫ÔÁ·© √u§fl ƒÕº>Ô∫ÔÁ· WkÏ›]
ÿƒFB¬ Ô¶Á\©√‚¶kÏÔ^. >twÏÔ^ ÔÁÈ©
√luElKD √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔπKD, ÂD∏¬ÁÔÔπKD,
gˆB¬ ÔÈ©√u≈ÿ>V[Æt_ÁÈ ®[Æ Ôı|∏Ω›>>VF›
ÿ>ˆ˛≈m.
√´Õ> ºÂV¬Ôº\ cÁ≈s¶\V•^·kˆ¶›]_, Â\¬z
÷[–D ∂ºÂÔ s≠BD ÿ>ˆBºkıΩ ÷Ú¬˛≈m.
º>VwÏ ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ Â\m ÿ>[MÕ]BVs_ zΩlÚ¬zD
¤™∫Ô^ Ø´V°D Œº´ \>ÿ\[ÆD, Œº´ ÔÁÈQV™
x^·kÏÔ^ ®[ÆD kuAÆ›]© º√ElÚ¬˛≈VÏ.
ÿ>[MÕ]BVs_ c^· xÔ\]B \>D, ˛§¸>k \>D
º√VÔ ÷Õ> ¤™∫Ô^ ®[™ \>D ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈VD.
∂kÏÔ^ ®_ÈVÚD ºk>›Á> g>V´xÁ≈BVÔ© ∏[√uÆ
kVÏÔÿ·[Æ ÿƒV_È xΩBVm. ∏´V\ÏÔ^̶
√w¬Ô∫Ôπ_ ºk>∫Ô^√Ω ¶©√]_ÁÈ ®[Æ >V[
ÿƒV_È ºkı|D. ÷©√Ω ÷Ú¬Ô, ®_ºÈVÚ¬zD
ÿ√VmkV™ \>D ®[Æ ÿƒV_È ®©√Ω› mËÕ>VÏ?
÷©º√Vm ∏´V\ÏÔ^, ∏´V\´_ÈV>VÏ ºÔVlK^
º√Vkº> ˛Á¶BVm. ∂©√ΩºB ∏´V\´_ÈV>VÏ Ì¶
®_ºÈVÚD ]™Õº>VÆD ºÔVlK¬z© º√Vkmt_ÁÈ.
ºk>xD ºk>›][√Ω ¶©√mD ∏´V\´_ÈV
>VÚ¬zfl ƒV√›y‚º¶ ŒaB ºk§_ÁÈ.
>tµ¬ ÔÁÈQV™\V˛B ÁƒkE›>VÕ> ƒV¸]´∫Ô”D
gÔ\∫Ô”D, ∏´V\ÏÔ”¬z ºkıΩB]_ÁÈ ®[º≈
>^πlÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 49
gˆBÏÔ^ g]¬Ô\V™ ]´Vs¶› >tµ \¬Ô^
ºÔVl_ÔπKD, ∂_Èm ºk>t_ÈV> EkVÈB∫ÔπKD
ºk> √V´VBD ÿƒFm ∏´V\ÏÔ^ ∏´ƒV>D x>oB™
kV∫˛¬ ÿÔVı| º√V™ ∏≈z >V[ º>kV´© √]Ô∫Ô^
√V¶ÈVD ®[Æ Ák›]Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷≈Õms‚¶VKD
∂_Èm ÔÚ\V] ÔVˆB∫ÔπKD ̶ ŒÚ ∏´V\™Vkm
∏´V\´_ÈV>k[ ÷≈Õm º√V™ T‚Ωuz› m¬ÔD
ÿÔVı¶V¶kÚD kw¬ÔD ˛Á¶BVm. ∏≈z ÷≈Õm
º√V™k–Á¶B 16 ÂV^ Ôa›m›>V[, ∞>Vkm kÚD√Ω
kÚÿ\[Æ ÿ>ˆÕ>V_>V[ kÚkVÏÔ^. ∂m°t_ÁÈ
®[Æ ÿ>ˆÕ>V_ ∂m̶ k´\V‚¶VÏÔ^.
®Õ> Â_È ÔVˆB∫Ô”¬z© ∏´V\¬ zÚ¬Ô^
kÕ>VKD, ∏´V\–¬z c^· \Õ]´∫ÔÁ·fl
ÿƒV_ÈV\_ ºkÆ ∞º>V \Õ]´∫ÔÁ·fl ÿƒV_o
∞\VuÆ˛≈VÏÔ^.
ÔD√È ÂVB¬Ô\VÏÔπ¶›mD, ÷[–D ∂ºÂÔ
¤V]BVÏÔπ¶›mD, ÔoBV ÔVÈ∫ÔπKD ∂_Èm Â_È
sºƒ≠ ÔVÈ∫ÔπKD ̶© ∏´V\ÏÔ^ kÕ>V_
∂√ƒz™ÿ\[ÆD, >∫Ô^ T‚|¬z^ ®_ÈV¬
ÔVˆB∫Ô”D xΩÕ> ∏≈z>V[ k´ÈVD ®[ÆD kw¬ÔD
÷ÚÕm kÚ˛≈m.
>twÏÔ^, ÿ√Vms_ ∞´V·\VÔ© ∏´V\ÏÔπ[ \>
s≠B∫Ô^ ÿ>ˆBV\ºÈ ÷ÚÕm kÚ˛≈VÏÔ^.
∏´V\ÏÔπ[ Aº´V˛>›Á>› ÿ>ˆÕmD ÿ>ˆBV\K
tÚ¬˛≈ ¤™∫Ôπ[ ÂD∏¬ÁÔÔÁ·© √u§, º>VwÏ
ƒV¸]ˆBVÏ ®[™ ÿƒV_K˛≈VÏ? ÷Õm \>ÿ\[√m
∂Ï›>\u≈m, xΩ° ÷[™ÿ>[Æ ÿ>ˆBV>m\V™
50 gˆB\VÁB
∂[MB kVÏ›Á>. ÷Õm¬Ô^ ®[≈ ¤V]BVÚ¬z©
ÿ√VmkVÔ¬ ºÔV‚√V| ®[™ ®[√Á>fl ÿƒV_KkV´V?
A›>ÏÔ^, Á¤™ÏÔ^, ʬ˛BÏÔ^, ÷[–D \ÁÈl_
kVƒD ÿƒF•D ÔÁÈQÏÔ^ ®_ºÈVÚD s›]BVƒ
t_ÈV\_ ÷Õm¬Ô^ ®[Æ ÿƒV_K˛≈VÏ. ®_ºÈVÚD
ŒÚkÁ´ ŒÚkÏ Œ›>¬ÿÔV^·V\_ ÷Ú©√Á>› >s´
ºkÆ Œ[Æt_ÁÈ. A›>ÏÔ”D, Á¤™ÏÔ”D,
∏´V\ÏÔ”¬zˆB ºk>›Á>•D ∂>[ ˛ˆÁBÔÁ·•D
ÔıΩ©√VÔ Œ›m¬ÿÔV^k]_ÁÈ.
∏´V\ \>›]uz cÁ≈s¶\V•^· ¤V] s›]BVƒD
A›>ÏÔ”¬zD Á¤™ÏÔ”¬zD ˛Á¶BVm. ÷©√Ω
÷ÚÕmD̶, ÷kÏÔÁ· ÷Õm \>¸>ÏÔ^ ®[Æ
ÿƒV_K˛≈VÏ. ÷Á>s¶ cıÁ\l_ÈV>mD,
ºBV¬˛BÁ> ÷_ÈV>mD, ∂Ï›>t_ÈV>m\V™ kVÏ›Á>
∞>Vkm cı¶V? ÷m>V™V ÿ>[MÕ]BVsK^· ƒÔÈ
¤™∫Ôπ[ ÿ√Vm \>D ®[Æ ÿƒV_KD ºBV¬BÁ>?
÷©º√Vm º>VwÏ ƒV¸]ˆBVˆ[ \u≈ ƒ∫Ô]ÁB©
√u§¬ ÔkM©º√VD.
]™Õº>VÆD ÂÁ¶ cÁ¶ √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔπKD
ÂD∏¬ÁÔÔπKD \u≈ s≠B∫ÔπKD, ∏´V\´_
ÈV>VÏÔ”¬zD ∏´V\ÏÔ”¬zD ∂ºÂÔ s›]BVƒ
xı|. ∏´V\ÏÔ^, >VD ∏≈©√VºÈ cB´Õ>kÿ´[ÆD,
\u≈ ®_ºÈVÚD >VµÕ>kÏÔ^ ®[ÆD, ¤V]
s›]BVƒ›>V_ ÿƒV_o¬ ÿÔV^”˛≈VÏÔ^.
\u≈ J[Æ kz©A ¤V]BÏÔ”D ∏´V\ÏÔÁ·
®_ÈVs>›]KD E≈Õ>kÏÔÿ·[Æ Œ©A¬ÿÔV^·
ºkı|ÿ\[ÆD ÿƒV_K˛≈VÏÔ^.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 51
∏≈©√V_ cBÏÕ> ¤V]BVÏ ®[√kÏÔ^, \u≈ ¤V]BVÏ
ÿ√ıÔÁ· \Õm ÿÔV^·ÈVÿ\[ÆD, ∂_Èm
Ák©√V‚ΩBVF Ák›m¬ ÿÔV^·ÈVÿ\[ÆD, ˇµ
¤V]BVÏ, º\_¤V]BVÏ ÿ√ıÔÁ· \Õm ÿÔV^·¬
̶Vÿ>[ÆD, ∂©√Ω ®ı∫ÿÔVı¶V_ ̶
∂k–¬z ÿÔV˘´\V™ >ı¶Á™ s]¬Ô©√¶
ºkı|ÿ\[ÆD, ∂m WBVBÿ\[ÆD ÿƒV_˛≈VÏÔ^.
÷m ®[™ WBVBD? ∂ºÂÔ gı|Ô·VÔ› >tµ\¬Ô^
sBV√V´ xÁ≈BVKD, √Ès>\V™ ÔV´∫Ô·VKD,
√È©√È ¤V]Ô·VÔ© ∏ˆÕmD, ŒÚkÚ¬ÿÔVÚkÏ
cBÏÕ>kÏÔ^ ®[ÆD ÌÆkÁ> Œ›m¬ ÿÔV^k]_ÁÈ.
gˆBÏ ®[Æ ÿƒV_o¬ÿÔV^”ºkVÏ, ∞Ï cøkm
√Vkÿ\[ÆD, ÷akV™ ÿ>Va_ ®[ÆD WÁ™¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
g™V_ >twÏÔ^, ∂m>V[ cBˆB \Ô›mk\V™ ÿ>Va_
®[Æ WÁ™¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
ƒ°ÔˆB›]uzD ƒ\B›]uzD >zÕ>Vuº√VÈ ƒ‚¶›
Á>•D, >twÏÔ^ ¶kΩ¬ÁÔÔÁ·•D ∏´V\Ï
Ô^ ÔıΩÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
gˆBÏÔ^ ¸tÚ]Ôπ_ clÏ kVµk>uz
\ˆBVÁ>ÁB s‚| s¶ÈVÿ\[Æ ÿƒV_olÚ©√>V•D
ÿƒV_K˛≈VÏ. g™V_ clÁ´s¶ \ˆBVÁ>ºB ÿ√ˆBm
®[Æ >twÏÔ^ ÔÚm˛≈VÏÔ^.
∏´V\ÏÔ^, ƒ°ÔˆB›]uz› >zÕ>Vuº√VȬ
Ì‚|¬ z|D√D ƒ°ÔˆBÿ\[˛≈VÏÔ^. >twÏÔ^
∂[A¬z¬ Ô_BVD ÿƒFBºkı|ÿ\[Æ Ì§› >D
zwÕÁ>ÔÁ· ∂Õ> ∂[A¶[ √VmÔV¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
∏´V\Ï ∂_Èm gˆBÏ, ÷À°ÈÔ›]_ >D ¤V]BVÏ
52 gˆB\VÁB
x[™V_ k´ºkı|ÿ\[ÆD ∂>uÔVÔºk zwÕÁ>
ÔÁ·© ÿ√≈ ºkı|ÿ\[ÆD Ô_BVD ÿƒF˛≈VÏÔ^.
\uÆD >D kz©Á√ sÚ›] ÿƒFBºkı|ÿ\[˛≈
®ı›m¶–D, >D ∏^Á·ÔÁ·¬ ÔV©√Vu§
gı∏^Á·ÔÁ·© ÿ√≈ºkı|ÿ\[≈ ®ı›m¶–D
Ô_BVD ÿƒF˛≈VÏÔ^.
∏flÁƒ ºÔ‚√m, >twÏÔ·V_ ÷akVÔ¬ ÔÚ>©
√|˛≈m. g™V_, ∏´V\ÏÔ^ ®™©√|D gˆBÏÔ^
∂m>V[ E≈Õ>m ®[Æ ®ıb˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷>uz© √È
c>V´∫Ô^ ÿƒV_ÈÈVD. ÷m>V™V gˆBÏÔ”¬zD
gˆB´_ÈV> >tµ \¬Ô”¬zD s›]BVƒt_ÈV>
ÿ√VmkV™ ÔÁÈ ®[Æ ÿƒV_ȬÌΩBm.
√È ÿ√VF¬ ÌuÆÔ^, ƒˆ> g´VFflEl[Á\BV_
xÁ·¬˛[≈™. ÷¬ÔV·V[ÔÁ·© º√V¬Ô© º√´VEˆBÏ
√V´]BVÏ Ì§Bm º√V[≈ g´VFflE•Á´Ô^ º\KD
EÈkuÁ≈› >Ú˛º≈VD.
√ıÁ¶¬ ÔVÈ›]_ >tµ© ÿ√Ú\¬Ô^ ∂§sKD
gu≈oKD ÁÔ›ÿ>Va_ sBV√V´∫ÔπKD, ∂´EB_
ÂVÔˆÔ›]KD >ÁÈ E≈Õm s·∫˛™VÏÔ^ ®[√m ®kÚD
\Æ¬Ô xΩBV> cıÁ\. √È ÂV‚|fl ƒˆ›]´∫Ôπ_
÷>uz g>V´∫Ô”ı|. gl–D, ÷Á¶¬ ÔVÈ›]_
gˆBÏ >twÏ ÂVÔˆÔ›Á>› ]Ú›] \Vu§ >∫Ô”¬ºÔ
ÿ√ÚÁ\ cı¶V¬Ô›>¬Ô s>\VÔ© √Ès> ºk>
A´V∫ÔÁ· ®ø]› >twÏ E≈©Á√ cÚ› ÿ>ˆBV\_
\Vu§s‚¶VÏÔ^.
gˆBÏ, √Á¶ÿB|›m kÕ> >twÏÔÁ·© º√Vˆ_
ÿk[≈>VÔ°D, >twÏÔ^ gˆBÏÔÁ· ®]Ï›m WuÔ
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 53
\V‚¶V\_, sÕ]B \ÁȬz› ÿ>uºÔ ∏[ kV∫˛ {Ω
s‚¶>VÔ°D, gˆBÏ kÕ> ∏≈ºÔ ÷Õ]BVs_ ÂVÔˆÔD
∞u√‚¶ÿ>[ÆD, gˆBÏÔ^ >Õ]´\VÔfl ÿƒFm kÕ>
∏´flƒV´D ÔVȬ˛´\›]_ ÂVÿ¶∫zD √´s ºk‘[§
s‚¶m. ÿ√ÚD√V[Á\l™´V™ \¬Ô^, ÷[ÆD ÷Õ>¬
ÔÁ>ÔÁ· cıÁ\ÿB™ ÂD∏¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
>tµ© AÈkÏÔπKD √ÈÏ, ÷Õ>© ÿ√VF¬ ÔÁ>ÔÁ·
cıÁ\º√VÈ ®|›m¬ ̧© ∏´ƒ∫Ô∫Ô^ ÿƒFm
kÚ˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷m°D º√V>Vÿ>[Æ ÿƒ[≈ ±u≈VıΩ[
ÔÁ¶E© √VÔ›]_, nº´V©∏B ∂§QÏ EÈÏ ÷Õ]B©
A´V>™¬ ÔÁ>ÔÁ· cıÁ\º√VÈ ÂD∏, gˆBÏ ®[≈ ŒÚ
kz©√VÏ \›]B gEBVsoÚÕm ˛·D∏ nº´V©√V
x>oB ÷¶∫Ô”¬zfl ÿƒ[≈™Ï ®[ÆD, ∂kÏÔπ_ ŒÚ
∏ˆs™Ï ÷Õ]BV°¬zD √Á¶ÿB|›m kÕm ÷Õ]BVÁk
ÂVÔˆÔ© √|›]™Ï ®[ÆD AmÁ\ AÁ™Õm ŒÚ Am¬ÔÁ>
ÿƒF>™Ï. ÷Á> ÷∫z^· gˆB kz©∏™Ï >∫Ô^ zÈ©
ÿ√ÚÁ\ÁB WÁÈÂV‚|k>uÔVÔ ÿkz ƒV\Ï›]B\VÔ©
∏´flƒV´D ÿƒFm kÕ]Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
gˆBÏ √Á¶ÿB|›m kÕm ÷Õ]BVÁk•D ]´Vs¶©
ÿ√ÚÁ\ÔÁ·•D ÂVƒ©√|›]™Ï ®[≈ ÷Õ>¬ Ôu√Á™¬
ÔÁ>¬zfl ƒˆBV™ g>V´D ®m°º\ ˛Á¶BVm. "ºko¬z
{V[ ƒV‚E' ®[√mº√V_ gˆBÏ ®ø]™ ºk>
A´V∫Ôº· ÷>uz g>V´\VÔ¬ ÔV‚¶©√|˛≈m.
g™V_ ∂§QÏ, º>VwÏ ∏.Ω. ÊMkVƒ nB∫ÔVÏ ®D.∞.
÷Õ>© √|ÿ√VFÁB ∂ΩºBV| \Æ›m, ÷ÿ>_ÈVD
ÿkÆD Ôu√Á™ ®[Æ ®|›m¬Ì§ ÷Ú¬˛≈VÏ. ŒÚ
ƒD√kD ƒD√Õ>\VÔ ∂kÏ, (÷Õ]B© A´V>™ g´VFflE
ÿkπX| 42ägD gı| A›>ÔD 77ägkm √¬Ô›]_)
®ø]•^· g´VFflE¬ Ô‚|Á´l[ ƒV´D kÚ\VÆ:ä
54 gˆB\VÁB
"">uÔVÈfl ƒˆ›]´VEˆBÏÔ^ ÿ√ÚD√VºÈVÚ¬z
∂´EB_ ÿÔV^ÁÔ©√uÆD, \>©√uÆD ÷ÚÕº>
kÕ]Ú¬˛[≈™. c>V´\VÔfl ƒˆ›]´VEˆBÏÔ·V™
NRÁ\•D, \¬ÔVºÈÁB•D ÔkM›>V_, ƒˆ›]´
cıÁ\ÔÁ·› ÿ>Vz©√]KD, ∂kuÁ≈ kÚË›m¬
ÌÆk]KD, NRD >\m ""Ô[ƒÏºkΩÀ'' Ô‚E¬
ÿÔV^ÁÔÔÁ·•D, \¬ÔVºÈ >\m ""o√´_'' Ô‚E¬
ÿÔV^ÁÔÔÁ·•D ÷ÁÈ\Á≈ ÔVF º√VÈ ÿkπl‚ΩÚ©
√Á>¬ ÔVÈVD. A´V>™ ƒˆ›]´ s≠B›]KD
÷©√Ω›>V[.
gˆB ÂVÔˆÔ›Á>©√u§ º\uÔı¶ Ôu√Á™ g´D√
\V™ ÿ√Vøm, gˆBÏ cBÏÕ> cÚkxD ¿ı¶ >ÁÈ•D
∂w˛B º\M•x^·kÏÔÿ·[ÆD, ∂kÏÔ^ >V[
ÿ¤Ï\Ml[ J>VÁ>Ô^ ®[ÆD, ÿ¤Ï\[
g´VFflE¬ÔV´ÏÔ^ ̧™VÏÔ^.
∂>uz \V≈VÔ© ∏ÿ´fi∑ ""g_©∏['' kz©∏™Ï
JÈ\VÔ›>V[ gˆB ÂVÔˆÔxD ÿ\Va•D nº´V©√V°¬
z^ AzÕ>m ®[Æ kuAÆ›]™VÏÔ^ ∏ÿ´fi∑ ∂§QÏÔ^.
g_©∏[ ÷™›]™Ï ∏ÿ´fi∑¬ÔV´ˆ_ ÿ√ÚD√VÈV´VF
÷Ú©√º> ÷>uz¬ ÔV´D.
÷›>VoB gEˆBÏ ÿƒÏ˜ ̧lÚ©√m. ÷Às>¬
ÔÚ›m¬Ô”¬z xuÆD \V≈V™m. nº´V©√Vs_ ∞u√‚¶
˛º´¬Ô亴VD ÂVÔˆÔD, \›]B >Á´¬Ô¶_ √¬Ô›]K^·
{Ï ÷™›]™´V_ ÿÔVı|k´© √‚¶ÿ>[ÆD nº´V©√V
*m √Á¶ÿB|›m kÕ> gˆBÏÔ^ ÔV‚|t´VıΩÔ^
®[ÆD ̧lÚ¬˛≈VÏ ∂kÏ.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 55
÷©√Ωfl ƒˆ›]´›Á>© √ÈkVÆ \VÆ√|›] ÷Ú©√>V_,
̈B A›]BV_ ∂–>V√›m¶[ ∑BÂÈ© ∏›>ÈV‚¶©
∏´flƒV´\V˛B >Ω›> ]Á´ÁB¬ ˛a›ÿ>§Õm ∂>–^
\Á≈Õ]Ú¬zD cıÁ\ÔÁ·© √z›>§°¶[ Ôı|
∏Ω›m ÿkπl¶ ºkı|D.
gˆBÏ ÷Õ]BV *m √Á¶ÿB|›m ÿku§ ÿ√uÆ
ÂVÿ¶∫zD g]¬ÔD ÿƒK›]™VÏÔ^ ®[≈ Ôu√Á™ÁB©
√z›>§° kVlÈVÔ g´VFflE ÿƒF>_ ºkı|D.
k¶ ÷Õ]BV, √V´ÊÔD, ∂Ï*MBV ÿ√ÚD√V[Á\
BV™ nº´V©∏B ÂV|Ô^ g˛B º>ƒ∫Ôπ_ º√ƒ©√|D
√_ºkÆ √VÁ≠Ô^, Œº´ √VÁ≠› ÿ>Vz]ÁBfl
ºƒÏÕ>ÁkÿB[Æ ÿ\Va g´VFflE¬ÔV´ÏÔ·V_
Ôı|∏Ω¬Ô©√‚¶m. ÷›ÿ>Vz]¬z, ÷Õ]B ä ÿ¤Ï\[
√VÁ≠Ô^ ®[Æ ÿ√BÏ ÿÔV|›>VÏÔ^. ∂>[ º\_
÷Õ>©√VÁ≠Ô”¬ÿÔ_ÈVD ŒÚ >VFÿ\Va ÷ÚÕ]Ú¬Ô
ºkı|D ®[ÆD, ∂Õ>© √VÁ≠ÁB© º√EBkÏÔ^
(∂>Vkm gˆBÏÔ^) ÷Õm¬zi \ÁȬz ∂©√VK^·
∏´º>ƒ›]_ kVµÕ]ÚÕ>VÏÔÿ·[ÆD, ƒˆ›]´
ÔVÈ›m¬zx[ ∂kÏÔπ_ EÈ ∏ˆs™Ï √V´ÊÔD, ÷Õ]BV,
nº´V©√V x>oB ÂV|Ô”¬zfl ÿƒ[Æ zΩºB§™VÏ
Ôÿ·[ÆD ∂wÔVÔ¬ Ôu√Á™ ÿƒFm ƒˆ›]´D
®ø]™VÏÔ^.
¿Ïº\_ ztaº√VÈ cÚkV¬Ô© ÿ√u≈ ÷Õ> "gˆB
ÂVÔˆÔD, gˆB© √Á¶ÿB|©A' ®[≈ ztaÁB \M>
cu√›] ±_ k_ÈkÏÔ^ >∫Ô^ g´VFflEBV_
EÁ>›ms‚¶VÏÔ^. ®©√ΩÿB[≈V_ gEBVsKD
nº´V©√VsKx^· \¬Ô^ √_ºkÆ kz©AÔÁ·fl
ºƒÏÕ>kÏÔº· ®[ÆD, gˆBÏ ŒÚ EÆ kz©√VÏ >V[
56 gˆB\VÁB ∂§QÏ ∂ıV 57

®[ÆD \M> cu√›] g´VFflEBV·ÏÔ^ ̧™VÏÔ^. ¤V]¬ÔV´ÏÔ^' >V[ ∂Às> g´VFflEÁB© √È\VF
÷>™V_ gEBVsKD nº´V©√VsKD √´slÚÕ> g‚ºƒ∏¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
\Vÿ√ÚD gˆB kz©∏™Ï ŒÚ E§B Ì‚¶\VÔ¬
ºk>∫ÔπºÈ, gˆBÏ ÷Õ]BV *m √Á¶ÿB|›m
zÁ≈Õm s‚¶VÏÔ^. gˆBˆ[ ØÏTÔ ÂV‚Á¶© √u§
kÕ>>VÔ ŒÚ z§©º√–D ÔV©√¶s_ÁÈ. º\KD
√V¸˛ ®[≈ g´VFflEBV·Ï √V_Ω¬ Ô¶ºÈV´D ®[ÆD,
>¸R¬Ô^ ∂>Vkm ]´Vs¶ÏÔ^ √‚¶∫ÔπKD
÷›>Vo gEˆBÏ ÿƒÏ˜ gEB Ôı¶›Á>fl ºƒÏÕ>kÏ
ªÏÔπKD \´›]™V_ Ô‚¶©ÿ√u≈ \V¶\VπÁÔÔπ_
Ôÿ·[ÆD, ∂kÏÔ^ nº´V©√V *m √Á¶ÿB|¬zD
kVµÕ]ÚÕ>™Ï. ÷´>∫Ô^, z]Á´Ô^, g|, \V|Ô^
º√Vm ÔV‚|t´VıΩÔ·VlÚÕ>VÏÔÿ·[ÆD ÌÆ˛≈VÏ.
x>oB™ ∂kÏÔπ¶D ∞´V·\VlÚÕ>™. gˆBÏÔ^
g™V_ \M> cu√›] ƒV¸]´ k_K´V™ ¶V¬¶Ï
∂Á>©√u§© ÿ√V≈VÁ\©√‚|, ]´Vs¶ ÂÔ´∫ÔÁ·¬
«V¶[, nº´V©∏B \¬Ôπ[ ØÏk k´ÈVuÁ≈© √u§
ÿÔV^Á·BΩ¬Ô WÁ™›>mı| ®[Æ ºk>∫Ôπ_
1991ä_ ®ø]B ±o_ ÷Õ> ""gˆBÏ'' ®[≈ º√flÁƒºB
z§©∏¶©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m.
®|¬Ôs_ÁÈ. ®™ºk nº´V©√VÁk© ÿ√VÆ›>kÁ´
"gˆB ÂVÔˆÔD, gˆB©√Á¶ÿB|©A' ®[≈ Ôu√Á™ ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚| WÁÈÁB c´V>VÚ¬z 1940ä÷_
AÁ>¬Ô©√‚| s‚¶ÿ>™ÈVD. ]Ú©√]l_ ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈ 10äkm ∂˛È ÷Õ]B ˇµÂV‚|¬
ÔÁÈ \VÂV‚Ω[ k´ºkuA› zø›>ÁÈk´VÔ ÷ÚÕ>,
ŒÚkÚ¬ÿÔVÚkÏ ÿÔV^sÁ™ ÿÔV|©∏Á™ ÷_ÈV>
]ÚkV·Ï T.A. ÷´V\o∫Ô ÿƒ‚ΩBVÏ ∂kÏÔπ[
®ıË≈Õ> kz©AÔÁ·¬ ÿÔVı¶ >uÔVÈ ÷Õm
ÿƒVuÿ√Va° s·¬Ô\π¬zD ®[≈ ÂD∏¬ÁÔ•¶[
ƒJÔ›]_ cBÏÕ> ¤V]Ô^ ®™©√|ºkVÏ >∫ÔÁ· gˆBÏ
∂kÏÔπ[ sˆ°Á´ÁB¬ ˇºw ∏´∑ˆ¬˛[º≈VD.
®[Æ Ì§¬ÿÔV^˛≈VÏÔ^. gˆBÏ √Á¶ÿB|›m kÕm
÷Õ]B \¬ÔÁ· ÂVÔˆÔ©√|›]™VÏÔÿ·[Æ nº´V©∏B ""ÿ¤Ï\Ml_ ÷[Æ gˆBÏÔ^ cBÏÕ>kÏÔ^ ®[ÆD,
g´VFflEBV·ÏÔ^ Ôu√Á™ ÿƒFm ̧Bº√Vm, ∂m cÈÔ›m¬ºÔ ∂kÏÔ^ ÂVÔˆÔ›Á> ∞u√|›>© º√Vk>VÔ
>∫Ô”¬z© ÿ√ÚÁ\ >Úkÿ>[Æ ÷Õ> º\_ ¤V]¬ °D, \u≈kÏÔ^ >∫Ô”¬z¬ Ô‚|©√‚¶kÏÔÿ·[ÆD
ÔV´ÏÔ^ ∂Õ>¬ Ôu√Á™ÁB cuƒVÔ›m¶[ g>ˆ¬Ô ÿƒV_o kÚkm BVkϬzD ÿ>ˆ•D. ÷>™V_ tÔ°D
xu√‚¶™Ï. ÷©√Ω› >∫ÔÁ· gˆBÏ ®[Æ √B∫Ô´ xΩ° ∞u√|D ®[√]_ ƒÕº>Ôt_ÁÈ.
ÿƒV_o¬ÿÔV^˛≈ ÷Õ> º\_ kz©∏™Ï >∫Ô^
÷Õm ƒ\ÿkπ© ∏´º>ƒ›]KD, ÿ\V«fiƒ>Vº´V
´DAÔπ_ ƒV>V´fl Ek©A ´›>\_È, ¿È W≈\V™ gˆB
∏´º>ƒ›]KD ÿk‚Ω ®|¬Ô©√‚¶ √ıÁ¶¬ÔVÈ›mfl
´›>º\ {|˛≈ÿ>[Æ WÁ™›m¬ ÿÔVıΩÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
E[™∫ÔπoÚÕm, gˆB ÂVÔˆÔ›]uz x[ ŒÚ ÂVÔˆÔ
÷m cıÁ\BV ®[√Á>› >uÔVÈ xÁ≈©√Ω g´VFflE
tÚ©√m Â[z s·∫zD.
ÿƒFBÈVº\? ®[≈V_ \uÿ≈_ÈVÁ´•D s¶ ÷Õ> "º\_
58 gˆB\VÁB
º\uz gEBVs_, \›]B >Á´¬Ô¶_ {´\VÔ°D k¶
÷Õ]BVsKD >V[ √ıÁ¶B ÂVÁ·l_ E≈Õ> ÂVÔˆÔ
\Á¶Õ> \¬ÔπÚÕm kÕ>™Ï ®[Æ ÿƒV_È©√|\V™V_,
÷Õ]BVs_ gˆBÏÔ^ k´kV_ ÂVÔˆÔD Az›>©√‚¶
ÿ>[Æ ÿƒV_k]_ ∞º>–D ∂Ï›>D ÷Ú¬Ô xΩ•º\V?
®[√m ºBVE¬Ô ºkıΩB>VzD.
ÂVÔˆÔD ÿ>uºÔlÚÕm k¶¬z ºÂV¬˛ºBV, ∂_Èm
˛w¬˛oÚÕm º\uz› ]¬ÁÔ ºÂV¬˛ºBV ∂_Èm ∂>uz
ºÂÏ ®]´VÔºkV √´slÚ¬Ô¬Ì|D.
ï√ÁwB ÔVÈ WÏB ±_ ∏´ÔV´D √VÏ›>V_,
gˆBÏÔ^ ÷Õ]BV°¬z tÔ© ∏Õ]B ÔVÈ›]ºÈ
kÕ]Ú¬˛≈VÏÔ^ ®[Æ ÿƒV_È ºkıΩB>VlÚ¬˛≈m.
ÿ>[MÕ]BVs[ √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔÁ· ÂD∏™V_
ÿ>uºÔ {Ï c√Ôı¶tÚÕ>>VÔ°D, ∂>[ ÿ√ÚD
√VÔ›Á>¬ Ô¶_ ÿÔVı|s‚¶>VÔ°D. ∂©√VÔ∫Ôπ_
cÈ˛ºÈ >ÁÈ E≈Õ>>VÔ¬ ÔÚ>©√|D ÂVÔˆÔD ÷ÚÕm
kÕ>>VÔ°D ÿ>ˆB kÚ˛≈m.
>tµ¬ ÔÁÈÔ^, \¬Ô^ ∑>Õ]´›º>V| ÷ÚÕm
kÕ>>VÔ°D, \¬Ô^ ®›>ÁÔB m[√›Á>•D Ôı¶§
BVÏÔ^ ®[ÆD ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï.
√ÁwB ÿ√ÚÁ\ÁB¬ z§›m© º√∑k]_ √ÈM_ÁÈ
®[Æ ÂVD ÔÚm˛º≈VD.
Â\m x[º™VÏÔ^ ÔÁÈBVƒV´›Á>¬ z§›º>V,
ÿ\VaÁB¬ z§›º>V E§mD Ôk™D ÿƒK›]B]_ÁÈ
ÿ>uºÔ ®∫zD, √ÁwB ÂVÔˆÔ›Á>¬ Ôı¶§B¬ ÌΩB
¶kΩ¬ÁÔ•D ®|¬Ô©√¶s_ÁÈ.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 59
gˆBÏÔ^>V[ zÚ, ƒ\¸˛Ú> ÿ\Va>V[ cBÏÕ>
ÿ\Va ®[Æ ÿÔVı¶>V_>V[, \u≈Ák JÈ\VÔ ∞>Vkm
ÔuƬ ÿÔV^·ÈVD ®[√m ∂ΩºBV| A≈¬Ôˬԩ√‚¶m.
÷Á>¬ z§›m ∞º>V, ∂∫ÿÔVÚkÏ ÷∫ÿÔVÚkÏ
g‚ºƒ∏¬˛≈VÏÔº·B_ÈVm, ƒ*√ ÔVÈD kÁ´ BVÚD
√È\VÔ› >∫Ô^ g‚ºƒ√ÁÔÁ·› ÿ>ˆs¬Ôºk
l_ÁÈ. ÷Õ]BVs_ c^· √È]≈©√‚¶ ¤V]Ô^ ÔÈÕm
s‚¶™ÿk[≈VKD, ¤V]l_ c^· cBÏ° >Vµ° ŒÚ
EÈÁ´› >V∫Ô^>V[ ∑›>\V™ gˆB kDƒ›]™Ï ®[ÆD,
ƒ\¸˛Ú>D>V[ cBÏÕ> ÿ\VaÿB[ÆD \u≈
ÿ\Va¬zD, ÔÁȬzD, ÂVÔZÔ›]uzD >V∫Ô^>V[
√VmÔV©√V·Ï ®[ÆD ÿƒV_KD√Ω ÿƒFm kÚ˛[≈m.
÷Õ> WÁÈÁB ÷©√ΩºB s‚|¬ÿÔVı| º√V™V_,
÷>™V_ kÚD √È[ t¬Ô √B∫Ô´\VlÚ¬zD ®[√]_
ƒÕº>ÔD ÷_ÁÈ.
ÿ>[MÕ]BVs_ ƒ\¸˛Ú>›Á>© Az›>fl ÿƒF>
xBuEÔ^ ®_ÈVD, ∏ˆ‚Ωi g‚E WÁȬzD kÁ´
ÿku§ ÿ√≈s_ÁÈ.
∏ˆ‚Ωi g‚E ÷ÕÂV‚Ω_ ºk‘[≈ g´D∏›>
∏≈z>V[, ƒ\¸˛Ú> ÿ\VaBV·ÏÔ^ (gˆBÏÔ^)
WÏkV˛Ô·VÔ°D, kw¬Ô§QÏÔ·VÔ°D, ¿]√]Ô·VÔ°D
k´xΩÕ>m; ∂kÏÔ·V_, >∫Ô^ ¸tÚ]ÁB© Az›>
xΩÕ>m. ∂>[ ∏[>V[ ¸tÚ]l_ Ôı¶º>
ƒ‚¶\VluÆ.
÷>™V_ ÂV[ ∞>Vkm mºk≠D Ôu∏©√>VÔ¬
ÿÔV^·ÈVÔVm.
60 gˆB\VÁB
÷ÕÂV‚Ω[ √w¬Ôkw¬Ô∫Ô^, Œø∫z xÁ≈Ô^
®[™ÿk[√m ∂kÏÔ”¬z› ÿ>ˆBs_ÁÈ. EÈ ƒ\B∫
Ôπ_ >V∫Ô^ Az›mD xÁ≈Ô^ E≈Õ>Ák ®[Æ ÂD∏
s|kmD cı|.
¸tÚ] Az›>©√‚¶]™V_ kÕ> √ÈÁ™ ∂§B Œº´
ŒÚ c>V´D º√VmD ®[Æ ÔÚm˛º≈[. ∂>Vkm
ÿƒV›m¬z cˆÁ\ ÿÔVı¶V|k>uzfl E´VÏ›>D
®[√º> ®[™ ®[Æ ÿ>ˆBV> \¬Ô”¬z¬ ÔV‚|©∏ı¶D
(E´VÏ›>›]_ ŒÚ kÁÔfl ƒ¶∫z) ®|©√Á> g>V´\VÔ
Ák›m ¿] kw∫Ô©√|˛≈m. ÷[–D sº™V>D
®[™ÿk[≈V_, ŒÚ √VÏ©√™[ ŒÚ √VÏ©√™´_ÈV>
ÿ√ıÁ¬ Ô_BVD ÿƒFm ÿÔVı¶V_ ÿƒ_È›
>¬Ôÿ>[ÆD, ŒÚ √VÏ©√™´_ÈV>V[ ŒÚ √VÏ©√™©
ÿ√ıÁ¬ Ô_BVD ÿƒFm ÿÔVı¶V_ ÿƒ_È›>ÔV
ÿ>[ÆD ÌÆk>VzD.
ÂV[z kÚ∫Ô^, \¬Ô^ kVµ°¬z cˆB ƒ‚¶\VÔ¬
ÔÚ>©√|˛≈m. ƒx>VB ¶kΩ¬ÁÔÔπKD ∂m
ÁÔBV·©√|˛≈m. ÂV[z kÚ∫Ô^ ÷Õ> ÂV‚Ω_
®[ÆtÚÕ>]_ÁÈÿB[√Á> ÂD\kÏÔ^ \≈Õm
s|˛[≈™Ï. >tµ gEˆBÏÔπ_ EÈÏ, ¸tÚ]ÁB,
∂>Vkm ÂV[z kÚ º√>›Á>© Az›> xBuE
ÿƒF>VÏÔ^. g™V_, ∂kÏÔ”Á¶B √Vz√V‚Á¶›
>twÔD Œ©A¬ÿÔV^·s_ÁÈ.
ƒ\¸˛Ú> ∂§QÏÔ^ (gˆBÏÔ^) ∑º>ƒ\[™ÏÔπ[
\Õ]ˆÔ·VÔ kÕ> ∏≈ºÔV ∂_Èm g]¬ÔD ÁÔ©√u§B
∏≈ºÔV >V[ ØI_ ∂ËÕm ÿÔVı| >∫ÔÁ·©
∏´V\ÏÔ^ ®[ÆD ≥›]ˆBÏÔ^ ÁkEBÏÔ^ ®[ÆD
̧¬ÿÔV^· g´D∏›>™Ï.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 61
÷>™V_ ƒx>VB¬ Ô‚|©√V| ∂]Ôˆ¬ÔÈVluÆ.
ƒ\¸˛Ú>© √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔÁ·© ∏[√u≈ sÚDA˛≈kÏ
ÔÁ·fl ƒJÔD Œm¬˛› >^· g´D∏›>m.
ÿƒ[≈ ±u≈VıΩ_ ÷¶m ƒVˆÔ”¬z^”D kÈm
ƒVˆÔ”¬z^”D ƒıÁ¶ ∞u√‚¶m.
√ÁwB ºÔV‚√V‚Ω_ √uÆÁ¶BkÏÔ^ ®_ÈVÚD
√^·Ïä√Á≈BÏ ®[≈ 18 ¤V]l™ÏÔ·VÔ kz›m¬
ÿÔVı| ŒÚ √z]l™ÏÔ·VÔ s·∫˛™VÏÔ^.
>∫ÔÁ·© ∏´V\ÏÔ^, ≥›]ˆBÏÔ^, ÁkEBÏÔ^
®[Æ Ì§¬ÿÔVı¶kÏÔ^ ®_ÈVD ÷¶m ƒVˆÔ·VÔ
kz›m¬ ÿÔVı¶™Ï.
÷¶m ƒVˆÔ^ ÿkƬԩ√‚| kÕ>VÏÔ^. º\u√Ω
kÚ›]_ º√VFfl ºƒÏÕ> >twÏÔ^̶ ÿkƬԩ √‚|
kÕ>VÏÔ^. ºÔVl_Ôπ_̶ ∂kÏÔ”¬z ÷¶t_ÁÈ.
g™V_ ÷[Æ √VÏ©√ÿ>[™? ÂV[z kÚ∫ÔÁ·¬
Ôu∏¬zD ƒV¸]´∫Ôº· ƒ‚¶\VÔ ÷Ú©√Á>©
√VϬ˛[º≈VD. ∂>™V_ >tµ ¤V]ÁBfl ºƒÏÕ>kÏÔ^
>∫ÔÁ· ÁkEBÏÔ^ ®[Æ ÿƒV_o¬ÿÔVı¶V_,
ƒx>VB›]_ cBÏÕ> ∂Õ>¸m ˛Á¶¬zD.
ÂV‚|¬ºÔV‚Á¶ ÂÔ´›]_ EÈÏ ØÁkEBÏÔ^ ®[ÆD
ÿƒV_o¬ ÿÔV^˛[≈™Ï.
gÔºk ÷ÕÂV‚Ω_ \¬ÔπÁ¶ºB ƒˆBV™
ŒuÆÁ\•D n¬˛B \º™V√VkxD ∞u√¶
ºkı|\V™V_, ÿ>[MÕ]B¬ ÔÁÈÁBfl ƒˆBV™√Ω
cÏÕm ÿÔV^k]™V_ >V[ xΩ•D.
62 gˆB\VÁB
""gˆB´Vkm! ]´Vs¶´Vkm! ®©ÿ√Vøº>V ®ø]
Ák›> √Á wB ƒˆ›]´›Á>© º√∑k>uz ÷m ÔVÈ\V?
÷©ÿ√Vøm gˆBÏ ÷[™VÏ ®[Æ BV´V_ z§©∏¶
xΩ•D? ÷Ú ƒJÔxD ®Àk·ºkV gı|Ô”¬z x[A
Œ[≈VÔ¬ ÔÈÕms‚¶™Ï. \≈Õmº√V™ ÷™©∏ˆÁk
clÏ©∏¬Ô xÁ™km ÂV‚|¬z ÂÈ\[Æ; ∂´EB_
x[º™u≈›]uzD ∂|¬ÔVm'' ®[Æ ŒÚ ƒV´VÏ
ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï.
""÷Õ ÂV‚Ω_ c^·kÏÔ^ ®_ºÈVÚD ]´Vs¶ÏÔ^
>VD; gˆBÏÔ^ ®[√kÏÔ^ ÷ÕÂV‚Ω_ zΩºB§™VÏÔ^
®[Æ ÿƒV_Kkº> >kÆ; ÷m cıÁ\BV™ ƒˆ›]´\_È;
÷Õ]B \¬ÔÁ·© ∏ˆ›m Ák¬Ô ÿk^Á·¬ÔV´´V_
ÿƒFB©√‚¶ ÿ√VFflƒˆ>∫Ô^'' ®[Æ ÌÆkÏ Â\m
ÔV∫˛´¸ ƒˆ›]´ QVMÔ^.
÷kÏÔ^ º√flÁƒ¬ ºÔ‚|¬ÿÔVı| ÂD\kÏÔπKD
EÈÏ "g\VD' º√V|kÏ. >∫Ô^ √z›>§°¬zfl E§mD
ºkÁÈ ÿÔV|¬ÔV\_, gˆBÏÔ^ä√VÏ©√™ÏÔ^ ÿƒV_K
kÁ> ∂©√ΩºB Œ©A¬ÿÔVı|, ¤¸Ω¸ Ô‚E•D
∑B\ˆBVÁ>¬ Ô‚E•D, ÷¬Ô‚EÔπ[ >ÁÈk´V˛B
ÿ√ˆBVÚD, ∂kÚÁ¶B º>VwÏÔ”D, gˆBÏä]´Vs¶Ï
®[≈ kz©A© ∏ˆsÁ™© ∏´flƒV´D ÿƒF˛[≈™Ï ®[Æ
ÌÆ˛≈VÏÔ^. ÷kÏÔ”¬z ®›>Á™ xÁ≈ gˆBÏ ä
]´Vs¶Ï º√V´V‚¶ cıÁ\ÁB s·¬˛™VKD,
∂kÏÔ^ \´\ıÁ¶l_ cıÁ\ zΩAzkº>l_ÁÈ.
gl–D ∂Ωº\_ ∂Ω ∂Ω›>V_ ∂Dt•D ÂÔÚD
®[√Á>¬ ÔÚ], ÂVxD ÷m ƒD√Õ>\V™ cıÁ\ÔÁ·
®|›m¬ ÔV‚Ω kÚ˛º≈VD.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 63
ÿƒ[≈ 5ä2ä41 ÷_ ÿƒ[Á™ cBÏ¿]\[≈ ¿]√]Ô^
÷ÚkÏ ÿƒF> ŒÚ x¬˛B\V™ yÏ©Á√ ÷©ÿ√Vøm
®|›m¬ ÔV‚|˛º≈VD.
ÿÂ_Ÿˆ_ k¬ˇÈVÔ ÷ÚÕ> ¤V™˛´V\JÏ›] ®[≈
√VÏ©√™Ï 16ä9ä26÷_ ¿ÈV ÿk∫Ô¶ ∑©√D\V ®[≈
]´Vs¶© ÿ√ıÁfl ÿƒ[Á™l_ \Õ>VÏ. ÷©ÿ√ı
{Ï g´D√© √^π¬Ì¶ c√V›]BVlM. ÷kÚ¬zD
º\u√Ω ÷´V\JÏ›]¬zD ÷Ú zwÕÁ>Ô^ cı|. ÷kÏ
÷´ı¶Vkm \Á™s. x>_ \Á™s √VÏ©√™ \Vm.
¤V™˛ ´V\JÏ›] ÷≈Õ>°¶[ ∂kÚÁ¶B ]´Vs¶
\Á™s >[ 2 zwÕÁ>Ô”¬zD >™¬zD ˝k™VDƒD
ÿÔV|¬z\VÆ √VÏ©√™ \Á™s *m kw¬z›
ÿ>V¶ÏÕ>V^. ˜_ÈV ¿]√], ]´Vs¶ \Á™s¬zD
∂¬zwÕÁ>Ô”¬zD \V>V \V>D 20 ‘√VF ˝k™VDƒD
ÿÔV|¬z\VÆ yÏ©Afl ÿƒF>VÏ. √VÏ©√™ \Á™s
∂›yÏ©Á√ ®]Ï›m, cBÏ ¿]\[≈›]_ kw¬z›
ÿ>V|›>VÏ. ÷Àkw¬ÁÔ √Vı|´∫Ô´VÀ, ºƒVÁ\BV
g˛B ÷Ú √VÏ©√™ ¿]√]Ô”D sƒVˆ›>™Ï. ÷Æ]l_
÷Õ>› ]´Vs¶ÏägˆBÏ ÔÈ©A \fi ÿƒ_ÈVm ®[Æ
yÏ©√π›m s‚¶™Ï. ÷m º√V[≈ ŒÚ ÔÈ©A\
kw¬˛_ √VÏ©√™´_ÈV> ¿]√] ÿk∫Ô¶∑©√´VÀ
̧•^· yÏ©Á√•D >k≈V™m ®[Æ z§©∏‚|
s‚¶™Ï.
÷ÕÂV‚Ω_ gˆBÏä]´Vs¶Ï ºkuÆÁ\ ÷_ÁÈ
ÿB[Æ ÌÆD ƒVm¬Ô”¬z, ÷©ÿ√Vø>Vkm A›] kÚ\V
®[√m Â\¬zfl ƒÕº>ÔÕ>V[. ÷Õ>› yÏ©A ÔVÈWÁÈÁB
g>V´\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı| ̧BmD ∂_È; ƒ‚¶ g>´Ák¬
ÿÔVı| Ì≈©√‚¶ yÏ©√VÔ ÷Ú¬z\V™V_, ˜_ÈV
64 gˆB\VÁB
x[Ê©∏[ yÏ©A¬zD, \uÿ≈VÚ kw¬˛_ ¿]√]
ÿk∫Ô¶∑©√´VÀ ̧•^· yÏ©∏uzD x´ı√V|
∞u√‚ΩÚ¬ÔVm. ƒ‚¶ÿ\[≈V_ ®_ºÈVÚ¬zD
Œ[≈VÔ›>V[ ∂Á\Õ]Ú¬Ô ºkı|D.
gˆB ºk> ¸tÚ]ÔÁ· g>´kVÔ¬ ÿÔVı|
÷›yÏ©A¬ Ì≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m. gˆB ºk> ¸tÚ]Ôº·V
ÿ√ÚD√VKD ]´Vs¶Ï ÿÔV^ÁÔ¬z \VÆ√‚¶Ák,
]´Vs¶Á´ ∂ΩÁ\©√|›> ºkı|ÿ\[–D
ºÂV¬Ô›m¶[ ®ø>©√‚¶Ák. ∂Ák ]´Vs¶
∂§QÏÔ·V_ Œ©A¬ÿÔV^· xΩBV>Ák. ÷Õ> gˆB
º>k ¸tÚ] x¬˛B kw¬zÔÁ· xΩ° ÿƒFk]_
÷[–D g>´kVÔ ÷Ú¬z\V™V_ gˆBÏä]´Vs¶Ï
º√>D ŒaÕm s‚¶>VÔ¬ ÌÆkm ®ÀkVÆ ÿ√VÚÕmD.
¸tÚ]Ôπ_ Ì≈©√|D ¿]Ô^ cıÁ\l_ ¿]Ô^
∂[Æ. ∂Ák xøkmD ∂¿]Ô·VzD.
""∏´V\™V_ Û›]´© ÿ√ıËuz© ∏^Á· ∏≈Õ>V_
∂k–¬z› >ÕÁ>l[ ÿƒV›]_ cˆÁ\l_ÁÈ.'' (\–
∂›. 9 Ô 155) ®[√m \–>Ï\ ƒV¸]´D. ÷>Á™ ∂|›m,
\uÿ≈V[Æ Ì≈©√‚|^·Á>•D cuÆ ºÂV¬Ô ºkı|D.
""∏´V\–¬zfl Û›]´ \Á™sl¶›]_ ∏≈Õm^·
A›]´[ ÿƒF•D E´VÏ›>\V™m √´ºÈVÔ c√ºBVÔ
\VÔV>>V_, ∂›>ÁÔB ∏^Á· clº´VΩÚÕ>VKD
∏›]uz Œ©√VkV['' (\– ∂› 9. Ô. 178) ®[Æ
\–>Ï\D ÌÆ˛≈m.
÷Õ> \–>Ï\ ¿]ºB, ÷[Æ gˆBÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï ÔÈ©A
\›Á>fl ÿƒ_ÈV\ÈΩ›>>uz ÔV´D gzD. ÷¬
ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ· ÿkπl|D gˆB ƒV¸]´∫Ôº·, ÷[Æ ŒÚ
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 65
√VÏ©√™Á´ \D AˆÕm ÿÔVı| ÷´ı| zwÕÁ>
ÔÁ·•D ÿ√u≈ ŒÚ ]´Vs¶ \VÁ>fl ºƒVuƬ˛[§›
>s¬Ô s‚| s‚¶™!
>ÕÁ>l[ ÔÚ\›]uz cÁ¶Bkº™ A›]´™VkV[.
÷›>ÁÔB cˆÁ\•^· A›]´–¬z›>V[ >ÕÁ>l[
ÿƒ_k›]_ cˆÁ\•ı|. ÷D\V]ˆ ÔÚ\fi ÿƒF•D
cˆÁ\ ÿ√ıÔ”¬˛_ÈV>]™V_ >V[, ∂kÏÔ”¬z›
>ÕÁ> ÿƒV›]_ cˆÁ\l_ÁÈ. ÷¬ÔÚ›m¬ÔÁ· ÷Õm\>
ƒV¸]´∫Ô^ ÌÆ˛[≈™. ÷>™VºÈºB, ÷[ÆD ÂD ÿ√ı
\¬Ô^ ƒJÔD, ÿƒV›mˆÁ\l[§ ∂ΩÁ\©√‚|¬
˛¶¬˛[≈m. ÷m°D gˆB¬ÿÔV|Á\ºB.
º\ºÈ ÂVD ®|›m¬ÔV‚ΩB \–>Ï\›]_ Û›]´
\Á™sl[ \Ô[ ÔÚ\fi ÿƒFk>uz cˆÁ\ √Á¶›>k[
∂_È[ ®[√m ÿ>πkVÔ¬ Ì≈©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈m. ÷¬ÔÚ›
][ *m>V[, Û›]´\Á™sl[ ∏^Á·¬zD
ÿƒV›mˆÁ\l_ÁÈÿB[√m \–>Ï\›]_ ®ø>©
√‚|^·m.
÷[Æ ∂Á\Õm^· ÷Õm ƒ‚¶xD ÿ√ÚD√VKD gˆB
¸tÚ]ÔÁ· g>V´\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı| ®ø>©√‚¶ÁkºB.
g>ÈV_, ÷Õ>fl ƒ‚¶›Á> \Vu§BÁ\¬Ô ºkı|D ®[Æ,
÷©ÿ√Vøm ÿ√Ú∫˛·ÏflE•D xBuE•D ÂÁ¶ÿ√uÆ
kÚ˛[≈™.
ŒÚ √VÏ©√™´_ÈV>V[, {Ï gˆB© ÿ√ıÁºBV
∂_Èm ŒÚ ]´Vs¶© ÿ√ıÁºBV \Õm ÿÔVı¶VKD
ƒˆ, \¬ÔV\_ ºƒÏ›m Ák›m¬ ÿÔVı¶VKD ƒˆ,
∂k”¬z© ∏≈¬zD ∏^Á·Ô”¬z› >ÕÁ> ÿƒV›]_
cˆÁ\•ı| ®[√m ƒ‚¶D. ÷flƒ‚¶©√Ω √È yÏ©AÔ^
66 gˆB\VÁB
g˛lÚ¬˛[≈™. g™V_ √VÏ©√™[ \V›]´D, \u≈
÷™›m© ÿ√ı˶D ÿ√u≈ ∏^Á·¬zfl ÿƒV›]_ √∫z
ÿÔV|¬Ô ºkıΩB]_ÁÈBVD. ®[™ ∂¿]! ÷mkV,
]´Vs¶Ï ä gˆBÏ ºkuÆÁ\ ÷_ÁÈ ®[√>uz ∂Á¶BV·D?
gˆB ∂¿] ®[ÆD >ÁÈsˆ›>V|˛≈m ®[√>uz,
1939ägD gı| ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈ ºkÿ≈VÚ kw¬ÁÔ•D
÷©ÿ√Vøm EÕ]›m©√VÚ∫Ô^. ŒÚ ]´Vs¶Ï, ŒÚ ]´V
s¶© ÿ√ıÁ J[Æ \V>D ÔÚ°u§Ú¬zDº√Vº>
ÿ>ˆBV\_ \Õm ÿÔVı¶VÏ. ∏≈z cıÁ\ ÿkπ©
√‚¶mD skVÔ s|>ÁȬÔVÔ ¿]\[≈›]_ kw¬z›
ÿ>V|›>VÏ. g™V_ ¿]√], Û›]´Ï s√flƒV´¬ zu≈D
Ôu∏›m \Á™sÁB sÈ¬Ô cˆÁ\l_ÁÈ ®[Æ yÏ©
√π›ms‚¶VÏ. ÷m gˆBÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï º√>t[Á\ÁB¬
ÔV‚|˛≈>V?
÷›>ÁÔB ∂¿]ÔÁ· Œa©√>uÔVÔ›>V[ ÷[Æ
gˆBÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï ˛·ÏflE ÂÁ¶ÿ√Æ˛≈m; gˆBÏÔπ[
g]¬ÔD ŒaB ºkı|D; gˆBÏÔπ[ ∂¬˛´\\V™
¸tÚ]Ô^ ∂aBºkı|D; ∂©ÿ√Vøm >V[ ÷Õ>
ÂV‚Ω_ ÂVD ƒ\ ¿]ÁB¬ ÔV xΩ•D;
c›]ºBVÔ∫Ôπ_ ]´Vs¶Ï¬z¬ ˛Á¶¬Ô ºkıΩB
ƒˆBV™ √∫z ˛Á¶¬Ô ºkı|D ®[√m ƒ\¿]
ÿ√Æk>uz›>V[.
cıÁ\l_ º\u√Ω ¿ÈV ÿk∫Ô¶ ∑©√D\V^
®[–D \V][ kw¬z, ]´Vs¶ ƒ‚¶]‚¶©√Ω
¿]√]Ô·V_ sƒV´Á ÿƒFB©√‚ΩÚ¬z\V™V_,
xΩ° ºk≈VÔ ÷Ú¬zÿ\[Æ ÂVD ®]Ï√VϬÔÈVD.
g™V_ ¸tÚ]ÔÁ·•D ºk>∫ÔÁ·•D ÂD∏¬
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 67
ÿÔVıΩÚ¬˛≈kÏÔ^ BV´VlÚÕ>VKD, ∂kÏÔ^
÷›>ÁÔB yÏ©Á√›>V[ Ì≈¬Ì|D.
÷MºB–D ]´Vs¶ÏÔ^ cıÁ\ÁB cÚkVÏÔ·V?
gˆBÏä]´Vs¶Ï ºkuÆÁ\ ƒV›]´›]_ ÷Ú¬˛≈m.
gˆBÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï ºkuÆÁ\ A´V∫Ôπ_, ºk>
¸tÚ]Ôπ_ ÷Ú¬˛≈m. gˆBÏ ä ]´Vs¶Ï ºkuÆÁ\
Â\m ÂV‚|© √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫Ôπ_ ÷Ú¬˛≈m. ƒ‚¶›]KD
WÁÈ›]Ú¬˛≈m. ÷Á> BVÏ ÷_ÁÈ ®[Æ \ƬÔxΩ•D?
÷Àk·°tÚÕmD, gˆBÏä]´Vs¶Ï ºkuÆÁ\¬ Ìflƒ_
ÿ√ˆBV´V_ ˛·©∏ s¶©√|˛≈m ®[≈V_, ∂Á> ®Õ>
∂§°^· ]´Vs¶´Vkm ÂD√ xΩ•\V?
"∏´VD\V º√V¤™©∏ˆB' ®[≈ ÿ\Val[
cıÁ\ÁB ª´VÏ ∂§kÏ. gˆB \>¬ÔV´Ï >D ÷™›>kÏ
√V|√¶Vm ∏Áw¬Ô kakz›m¬ ÿÔVı| k´>‚ƒÁ
ÔVˬÁÔ, ƒ\V´V>Á™ x>oBkuÁ≈fl ÿƒFkm º\V‚ƒ
ƒVD´VÎB›m¬z c>°D ®[Æ Ôu∏›ms‚¶™Ï.
Ô^·\u≈ c^·›]™´V™ ]´Vs¶ \¬Ô^, ÷Õ> gˆB©
∏›>ÈV‚¶›m¬z ÷Á´BV˛© √›Á>© √VwV¬˛¬
ÿÔV^˛[≈™Ï. ÂD ÷™›>kÏ ŒÚºkÁ· c°¬zD
kal[§ kV|km √u§¬ Ôıÿ|›mD √V´V>kÏÔ^,
®flE_ ÷ÁÈ*m √E•¶[ ÂVF √VB, ∂>[*m ∂]Ô©
√E•¶[ √VFÕm √Ú¬ÁÔÁB› ][–D √fiÁƒ©
√´VˆÔÁ·© √u§B √ˆ>V√ cÏflE ÿÔV^·s_ÁÈ.
"∏´V\© ∏Z]' "º>k>V ∏Z]' ®[≈ Ôu√Á™l_
ÿƒV¬˛© ∏´V\ÏÔ”¬z klÆ AÁ¶¬Ôfl ƒÕ>Ï©√Á
¶›mkÏ. ÷™ ∂[º√V, √z›>§ºkV ÷ÚÕ>V_ ÷m
¶¬z\V? {Ï ÷™D √V|√‚| kÁ>˛≈m; \uº≈VÏ ÷™D
68 gˆB\VÁB ∂§QÏ ∂ıV 69

ºÂVÔV\_ kVµ˛≈m; ∞F›m© ∏Áw¬˛≈m. ÷m ÷Õ>¬ ∂[MB´V™ gˆB[ gƒV´∫ÔÁ·•D, \>¬ ÿÔV^ÁÔ
ÔVÈ›]ºÈ ˛Á¶BVm ®[Æ ÷π›>kVBÏ ÌÆkÏ. ÔÁ·•D √ıΩÁÔÔÁ·•D ∏[√uÆk>VKD, gˆBÁ´
cBÏÕ> kz©∏™´VÔ°D zÚ¬Ô·VÔ°D Œ©A¬ÿÔV^
]Úk_o¬ºÔË c›]´V]\¶›]_ ∏ÚÕ>Vk™
k>VKD, gˆBÏÔ^ º\M yÁ\Ô”¬ÿÔ_ÈVD ÿ√VÚ^
\VlÚ¬zD p ƒ›]B QV™yÏ›> ¸kVtÔ”¬z sºƒ≠
ÿÔV|›m gˆBÏ √V>D √Ëk>VKD, gˆB g]¬Ô›]u
∂∏º≠Ô ∂È∫ÔV´V]Ô^ ÿƒFm #√ y√ Áºk›]BD
z‚√‚¶ ºÔVl_Ô”¬z© √V|√‚|› º>ΩB √›Á>©
ÿƒFm, ∏≈z 2000 º√Ú¬z© ∏´V\ ƒÕ>Ï©√Á
√z›>§s_ÈV\_ ∂^π¬ ÿÔV|©√>VKº\, gˆB
¶Õ>m ®[≈ ºƒ], ""∑º>ƒt›]´['' 1941 ∏©´kˆ 11gD
g]¬ÔD kK¬Ô°D ]´Vs¶ \¬Ô^ EÆÁ\ WÁÈ ®F>°D
º>] ÷>a_ ÷Ú¬˛≈m. ÷m º√V_ ÿƒF]Ô^ ∂Ω¬ÔΩ
ºÂˆ‚| s‚¶m.
ÿkπkÚkmı|.
÷Á>©√u§© º√E•D ®ø]•D, kV•D, ÁÔ•D
∂[™t|km \¬Ôπ[ ÔÚÁÁB¬ ÔV‚|D ÿƒB_
∂K›ms‚¶ÿ>[º≈ ÿƒV_È ºkı|D. ∂©√Ω
®M_, ∞[ ∏´V\Ú¬z \‚|D ÷|˛[≈™Ï? ∞Áw
÷ÚÕmD, >∫Ôπ[ EÆÁ\ WÁȬÔVÔ› ]´Vs¶
®πBkÏ ®_ºÈVÚ¬zD ∂[™t|ºkVD ®[Æ, ∞[
\¬Ô”¬z© º√ÚÏ° º>V[≈V>m√u§ kÚÕ>
¶›>s_ÁÈ? ∞‚ΩºÈ ®ø]s‚¶V[ gˆB[,
ºkıΩlÚ¬˛≈m.
∏´V\–¬z› >V[ ƒ\V´V>Á™ ¶›> ºkı|D. ∂m
>V[ √Ôk› Ô¶V‚ƒ›Á>› >ÚD ®[Æ, ∞\VÕ> ÿ√ÚD√VÈ´V™ ]´Vs¶ \¬Ô^, Û›]´ WÁÈ,
ºƒV˛ˆÔ^, ÷[–D ∂Á> ÂD∏ ∂a˛[≈™Ï. yı¶VÁ\ x>oB gˆB© √|zaÔπ_ TµÕm
cw_k>uzD, s´_s‚| ®ı¬ÌΩB EÆ
]´Vs¶ ÂV| ]´Vs¶Ú¬ÔV™V_, √V|√¶V> º√Ï
kz©∏™´V˛B gˆBÏ ∑ÔkVµ° kVµk>uzD
kaÔ”¬z© √Ú©AD √VBƒxD, √V|√|D \¬Ô”¬z¬
g>V´\VlÚ¬˛≈ gˆB© √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔÁ· ∞[ Ô‚Ω
ÔDA∫ ÌøD ˛Á¶¬zD WÁÈBV ÷Ú¬zD?
∂ø˛SÏ ®[Æ ºÔ‚¶V_, ÔuÔVÈ›]oÚÕm ÂÁ¶ÿ√uÆ
""cÁw›mkVw, ª´VÁ™ ∞F¬ÔVº>'' ®[√>[º≈V
kÚ˛≈ ÷Õ>© √w¬Ô kw¬Ô∫ÔÁ· ®©√Ω¬
¿]BVÔ ÷Ú¬zD? ∂Õ>¬ ÔVÈD kÕ>V_ gˆB[ kVµ°
ÁÔs|kÿ>[Æ ]´Vs¶ \¬ÔπºÈ √ÈÏ ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï.
ÿÔ|º\ ®[≈ ∂flƒ›]™VºÈºB ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚|©
÷Á>¬ ºÔ‚zD º√Vm ]´Vs¶ ÂVÔˆÔ›][
∏ˆsÁ™ÁB gˆBÏ ®]Ϭ˛[≈™Ï. ªÁ´ ∞F›m cı|
\Æ\ÈÏflEÁB ÂV|D Âı√ÏÔπ[ \™D mΩBVF›
ÿÔVø¬ÔÈVD ®[Æ ®ıb˛[≈™Ï.
mΩ¬zD ®[√]_ ƒÕº>Ôt_ÁÈ. ∂kÏÔ^ ÿƒV_K˛≈
""√EºBV √E'' ®™¬ Ô>ÆD \¬Ô^, √V|√¶Vm √ΩBVkm ÷Õ> gˆB¬ ÿÔV^ÁÔÔ”D kw¬Ô∫Ô”D
kVø√kÏ ÷Ú¬zD ]¬z ºÂV¬˛› ]ÚD∏™V_, ®[™ cıÁ\BVÔºk xuÔVÈD x>_ ∞u√‚| ¶Õm
gzD? ∂ÕÂV^ kÚkm ®[º≈V? kÚ˛[≈™kV ®[Æ √VÏ›>V_, ∂©√Ω•D ÷_ÁÈ.
70 gˆB\VÁB
xuÔVÈ› ]´Vs¶ \¬Ô^ ÷Às> g√Vƒ\V™, ÷aÁkºB
>ÚD, >[\V™›Á>¬ ÿÔ|¬zD \>fl ƒ¶∫zÔÁ·•D
ƒV]¬ Ô‚|©√V‚Á¶•D ÁÔBVı¶]_ÁÈ.
∂¬ÔVÈ›]B ]´Vs¶ ÂVÔˆÔD ƒ\›mk›Á>•D
ƒºÔV>´›mk›Á>•D ∂Ω©√Á¶BVÔ¬ ÿÔVı¶ {Ï cBÏ
>M ÂVÔˆÔ\VlÚÕ>m. ÷ÁkÿB_ÈVD ƒˆ›]´
g´VFflEl_ ÿkπ©√‚|^· cıÁ\Ô^.
gˆB ±ÈVEˆBÏ EÈÚD, ÷Õ> cıÁ\ÁB ŒÚkVÆ
®|›m¬ ̧lÚ¬˛≈VÏÔ^.
∂kuÆ^, ŒÚ E§B ∂›>V‚EÁB ÷∫ºÔ ®|›mÁ´¬Ô
sÚDA˛º≈VD.
s¤B ÂÔ´D \ÔV´V¤V Ô_Ÿˆfl ƒˆ›]´© √ıΩ>Ï
º>VwÏ ®D.®¸. ÷´V\ƒVt nB∫ÔVÏ ®ø]•^· (\mÁ´
˜_ÈV ØkÚÁ™) ±o_ ∏[ kÚ\VÆ Ì§lÚ¬˛≈VÏ.
g]ÔVÈ›]ºÈ ]´Vs¶ÏÔ^ ƒV] º√>t[§ ŒuÆÁ\
BVÔ kVµÕm kÕ>VÏÔ^. ∏[A gˆBÏ, ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚Ω_
kÕm zΩºB§› ]´Vs¶ \[™ÏÔπ[ >BÁk© ÿ√u≈VÏ
Ô^. gˆBˆ_ EÈÏ ∂Õ> \[™ÏÔ”¬z¬ zÚkV™VÏÔ^.
∂>[ ∏[™Ï>V[ >tµÂV‚Ω_ gˆB "ÂVÔˆÔD' √´k›
ÿ>V¶∫˛uÆ. gˆB \>xD ÿ>Fk∫Ô”D gƒV´∫Ô”D
ƒV] s›]BVƒ∫Ô”D >tµ ÂV‚Ω_ ºk‘[§s‚¶™.
˛.x. x>ÈVkm ±u≈Vı| x>_ J[≈Vkm ∂_Èm
ÂV[ÔVkm ±u≈Vı| kÁ´l_ AÔµÿ√u≈ ƒ∫Ô∫Ô^
÷ÚÕ>™. ∂ˆBÿ√ˆB ÔsQÏÔ”D s›mkV[Ô”D
÷flƒ∫Ô∫Ôπ_ ∂∫Ô›]™´VlÚÕ>VÏÔ^. ∂kÏÔ^ ®ø]
Ák›> ±_Ôπ[ JÈ\VÔ ∂´ƒV∫Ô›]_ >tµÂV‚Ω_
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 71
√´slÚÕ> \>∫Ôπ[ k´ÈVÆ Â[≈VF© AÈ©√|˛[≈™.
∂¬ÔVÈ›]_ ÿ√·›> ƒ\ \>∫Ô^ √´slÚÕ>™.
÷¬ÔVÈ›m \>WÁÈÁB© √u§ ÂVD x¬˛B\VF
ÔkM¬Ô ºkıΩB s≠BD Œ[Æı|. ∂>Vkm
>uÔVÈ›]_ z|D√›]oÚ¬zD ŒÚk[ ŒÚ \>›Á>
s‚| ºkÆ \>›Á>› >øs™V_, ∂kÁ™fl ƒV]l_
ºƒÏ›m¬ ÿÔV^km kw¬Ôt_ÁÈ. ƒ∫Ô ÔVÈ›]_
∂©√Ωl_ÁÈ, ŒÀÿkVÚkÚD >D \™flƒV‚E¬z
sº´V>t_ÈV\_ ®Õ> \>›Á> ºkı|\V™VKD
∂–ƒˆ¬ÔÈVD. ∂>™V_ ∂k–¬z BVÿ>VÚ zu≈xD
∞u√¶Vm. z|D√›>VÏ ∂kÁ™ ¿¬zkmD ÷_ÁÈ. ÷m
∂¬ÔVÈ› >twÏÔ”Á¶B sˆÕ> \™©√V[Á\ÁB•D
ÂVÔˆÔ cBÏÁk•D ÔV‚|˛≈m''.
÷m ÂVD ÌÆk>_È. gˆB gEˆBÏ ŒÚkº´ ®|›m¬
̧lÚ¬zD cıÁ\. ∂¬ÔVÈ›]_ ÿ√Vm\¬Ô^ >∫Ô^
sÚ©√D º√V_ √_ºkÆ ÿ>Fk∫ÔÁ· ka√‚|
kÕ>VKD, ∂>™V_ ∂kÏÔ”¬z^ ºkÆ√Vº¶V,
ÿkÆ©º√V, ∏ˆsÁ™ºBV ÷_ÈV\_ ®_ºÈVÚD Œº´
z|D√›]™Ïº√VÈ, Œº´ ÷™\VÔ ŒuÆÁ\•¶–D
ƒºÔV>´ √Vk›m¶–D √w˛ kÕ>™Ï. ÷m >tµ
ÂVÔˆÔ›][ \VıA. gˆBÏ kÕ> ∏[>V[ º\ºÈ
z§©∏‚¶√Ω >tµÂV‚Ω_ ƒV] s›]BVƒ∫Ô”D \>
ºkuÆÁ\Ô”D \>›mºk≠xD k·ÏÕm >uÔVÈfl
EÆÁ\ WÁÈ ∞u√‚¶m. ÷ÿ>_ÈVD gˆBÏ ºƒÏ¬ÁÔBV_
>twÏÔ”¬z ∞u√‚|^· \Ô›>V™ ºÔ|! ÷Õ>fl ÊϺÔ|D
EÆÁ\ WÁÈ•D ÂDx[º™VÏ ÔVÈ›]_ c^·>_È
®[√mD, ÷Á¶¬ÔVÈ›]ºÈ gˆBÏ k´kV_ cı¶V™
ÿ>[√mD, º\uz§©∏‚¶ ®|›m¬ÔV‚¶V_ ÿ>uÿ≈™
72 gˆB\VÁB
s·∫z˛≈m. ÷>uz g>V´\VÔ ÷m º√V[≈ ±uƬ
Ô¬ÔV™ ƒV[ÆÔÁ·fl ƒˆ›]´›]oÚÕm ®|›m¬
ÔV‚¶ÈVD. gÔºk, x[º™VÏ kw¬ÔD ®[Æ >k≈VÔ
®ıˬ ÿÔVı| gˆBÏ EÆÁ\ WÁÈÔ”¬z
÷¶∫ÿÔV|¬Ô ºkıΩB]_ÁÈ. ]´Vs¶ ÂV‚|
\Vÿ√ÚÕ >ÁÈkÏ ~.ÿk.´V.s[ ÷Á¶s¶V>
xBuEBV_, >twÏ *m ∑\›>©ÿ√u≈ gˆB ÷a WÁÈÔ^,
ŒÀÿkV[≈VÔ TµÕm kÚ˛[≈™! ÷Õ> ∂ˆB
>Ú›]ºÈ, >tµ© ÿ√Ú\¬Ô^ gˆB ÛµflEl™V_
\≈Õmº√V™, \Á≈Õm ˛¶¬zD √wÕ>tµ ÂVÔˆÔ›Á>
∂[≈V¶ kVµ¬ÁÔl_ ÂÁ¶xÁ≈¬z¬ ÿÔVı|k´,
ŒÀÿkVÚ kalKD xu√¶ ºkı|D. ]´Vs¶›>tµ
ÂVÔˆÔ \Æ\ÈÏflEºB, ]´Vs¶ÏÔπ[ x[º™u≈›]uzD
]´Vs¶ ÂV‚Ω[ s|>ÁȬzD kaºÔVÈ k_Èm.
ÿ>[MÕ]B ÿ\VaÔÁ· Â[≈VÔ g´VFÕ> ∂§QÏ
ÔV_|ÿk_, ÷Ák k¶ÿ\ValM[Æ º>V[§BÁk
∂_Èÿk[ÆD k¶ÿ\Va ]´Vs¶›]M[Æ Ô¶[
√‚|^·ÿ>[ÆD ̧•^·VÏ. "÷Õ]B¬ÔÁÈl[
∂Ω©√Á¶, ]´Vs¶¬ÔÁȺB' ®[Æ ¶V¬¶Ï ˛_√Ï‚
¸ºÈ‚¶Ï ∂kÏÔ”D ÷Õ]B¬ÔÁÈÔÁ· g´VFÕm
ÿkπl‚|^·VÏ.
÷M› ]´Vs¶D ÿ>u˛_ E≈©√º>[, ®[√Á>
÷Õ]B› mÁ¬ Ôı¶›][ cıÁ\ k´ÈVÆ ÔV,
k´ÈVÆ, ºk>ÔVÈ ºk]BÏ EÕm¬ÔÁ´lKD
Ô∫ÁÔ¬ÔÁ´lKD kVµÕ>]oÚÕm ÿ>V¶∫zkm \V§
ÁkÁÔ, ÔVºkˆ, √VÈVÆ g˛B guº≈V´∫Ôπ_ ∂Á\Õ>
∂´∑Ôπ[ √wÁ\loÚÕm ÿ>V¶∫Ô©√¶ ºkı|D
®[ÆD, ∂mºk cıÁ\BV™ k´ÈVuÁ≈ c´
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 73
kaÿB[ÆD, º√´VEˆBÏ \º™V[\ßBD
∑Õ>´D∏^Á· ∂kÏÔ^ ̧Bm \Á≈¬Ô ä \ƬÔ
xΩBV>º>VÏ cıÁ\BVzD. ÷Õ]B k´ÈVu§[
∞‚Á¶© A´‚Ω™V_, k´ÈVuƬ ÔVÈ›]_ kVwV>
k¶ÂV‚¶´ƒ[ ÷´V\[ ÷Á¶ÂV‚| kV™´Ï
mÁ¬ÿÔVı|, ∂ÁÔ‚Ω¬ ÔÁÿ>V|›m
÷ÁBu≈ ÿ>[™V‚|© º√´´ƒ[ ÷´VkÁ™ ∂a›>
ÿƒF], ÷]ÔVƒ© ÿ√B´V_ ÷BD√©√|˛≈m.
√Vı¶kˆÁ¶ºB ¶Õ> º√VÚD, ±uÆkÏ nkˆÁ¶ºB
÷ÚÕ> WBVBxD Ì≈©√|˛≈m. g™V_ √V´>©º√Vˆ_
ÿ√ÚfiºƒV≈π›> ºƒ´Á™©√u§B z§©A¬ ÔV©
√|k]_ÁÈ.
÷´ı¶VD ±u≈VıΩºÈ (˛.∏. 114) ºƒ´ Â[™V‚Ω_
gı¶ ºƒ´[ ÿƒ∫z‚|k[. k¶ÂV‚Ω_ Ô™Ô[, sƒB[
®[≈ ∂´ƒˆÚkÏ sÚÕ]Á¶© AÔ[≈ ÿ√VÚÕ>Vÿ\Va
ºÔ‚|, Ôı˛¬z¬ ÔuEÁÈ ®|¬Ô ®ıËBm¶[,
gˆBϬzD >D koÁ\ ÔV‚¶¬ ÔÚ], k¶ÂV| ÿƒ[Æ
kVÁÔ ÛΩ k¶ ÷\B›]_ ÔuÿÔVı| Ô™ÔsƒBÏ
>ÁÈ*m ∞u§ Ô∫ÁÔÔ¶Õm ÔV[ ¶Õm, \ÁÈ √È Ô¶Õm,
ÿ>[™V| ÿÔVı| kÕ> ÿƒF], ∞[ k´ÈVu§_ ÷¶D
ÿ√≈s_ÁÈ? k´ÈVuƬ ÔVÈ›]_ ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈
ÿƒ∫z‚|kM[ c¶[ ∏≈Õ> ÷·k_ "÷·∫ºÔV'
EÈ©√]ÔV´D ®[≈ x›>tµ¬ ÔV©∏B ÔVÈ›]_ ÷‚|›
>Õ> cıÁ\ WÔµflEB[º≈V ∂‡m?
>ta_ Ì≈©√‚|^·>VKD, ÿ>[™V‚¶VÏ k¶
ÂV‚¶VÁ´ ÿk[≈m ®[√>VKº\ ÷m k´ÈVu§_ ÷¶D
ÿ√≈s_ÁÈ ®[√Á> cÏÕmD, ÷M•D ]´Vs¶ ÷™D
>Ml¶D ºÔ‚√>uz› >B∫z\V? ]Ú\Vk·k–D
74 gˆB\VÁB
ÔˆÔV_k·k–D, gˆB©√Á¶ Ô¶Õ> ÿÂ|fiÿƒaB–D,
ÿ√ÚfiºƒVuÆ]B[ ºƒ´ÈV>–D, ∏≈ÚD kVÁÔ•¶[
kVµÕ>Á> ÂVD ∂§ºkVD. g>V´xı|. ºƒ´ÈV>[
∂π›> ÿ√ÚfiºƒVÆ. k¶ÂV‚Ω_ kVΩB gˆBϬz›
>twÔ k·Á™fl ∑Ák¬Ô kVF¬z kVF©A¬ ˛Á¶›>>V_
kVµ°¬z kVF©A¬ ˛Á¶›>ÿ>[Æ ÿ>[™V| OÁwB›
#ıΩBº>V ®[≈ nBxD cı|. k^·u≈[Á\
>twˆ[ kVµÁk© √VwV¬ÔkV √B[√¶ ºkı|D?
®[≈ kÚ›>xD cı|. ÷´Vƒ´Vƒ ºƒVwM[ ÿku§•D,
÷´VºƒÕ]´M[ √Ï\V √Á¶ÿ√B|©AD Ô∫ÁÔÿÔVı¶
ºƒVwM[ k´ÈVÆD \≈Õº>Vt_ÁÈ. ÷ÁkÿB_ÈVD
º√VˆºÈ Ôı¶ ÿku§Ô^! √u√È ºk_Ô^ √VFÕ>>V_
sÁ·Õ> kVÁÔÔ^! g™V_ ∂[§oÚÕm ÷[ÆkÁ´
gˆB› ÿ>V¶Ï√V_ >twˆ[ ÿku§ ÷¶Dÿ√≈V>
∂·°¬ºÔV ÷¶Dÿ√≈ xΩBV> ∂·°¬ºÔV ∂_È, ÷¶D
ÿ√≈› >z]Bu≈ ∂·suz› >twÏ ∂§swÕm^·™Ï.
gˆBÏ ∂Á™kÚD Ôu≈kÏ, >twÏ BVkÚD Ô_ÈV>kÏ
(100¬z 95) ®[≈ WÁÈ. º√>\u≈ \™xD, ÔV>_ ÔM°D,
T´xDä~´xD WÁ≈Õ> º√Vº> ∂§sÁ™ gı¶k[
º√´V_ ∂¶z Ák›m s]l[ sÁ·BV‚ΩºÈ ~|√‚¶™Ï.
º√VÏ xÁ™lºÈ kV”¶[ kV^ º√ƒ, ~‚Ω¬
z›Á>¬ ºÔ¶BÕ >|¬Ô, Á>›]‚¶ ºkoÁ™© √§›m
®]ˆl[ clˆÁ™© º√V¬˛ ÂÁÔ›m ∂fiƒV
kıÁ\•¶[ ÿku§ ÿÔVı¶ >twÏ, √fiƒV∫Ô©√Á¶
x[ \ıΩl‚|, ºk]B¬Ì‚¶D {]BkuÁ≈ ÂD∏
>Ï©Á√© A_ouz› >ÁÈ k∫˛ W[≈™Ï.
÷M¬ ÔÁÈÿB[–D ÿ√B´V_, gˆBD TEB
kÁÈl_ TµÕ]|D >twÏ WÁÈ•D, {sB›][ ∂wzfl
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 75
EÁÈl[ ºÂÏ›] , ÔVsB›][ ∂Á\©A. ÷Ȭ˛B›][
º√V¬z, ÿƒV_oMÁ\, ÿ√VÚ^ ÂBD ®[Æ √u√È Ì§
\B¬˛|D \™¬zÁÈ°D, kÚ›>›Á>•D sÁ·s©√™.
ÔD√´V\VBxD, ÿ√ˆB A´VxD ÷Ȭ˛B©
ÿ√B´V_ \>¬ÔÚ›Á> \¬Ô”¬z ª‚¶ xu√‚|, gˆB
∂ΩÁ\ ∞|Ô·VF >twÏ >ÁÈ*m >V∫zD WÁÈ ÿ√uÆ,
>twÏ sÁÈ ÿÔV|›m kV∫zD cÏÁk¬
ÿÔVÁÈAˆ•D ÂfiƒVF ∂Á\Õm^·™. \>ÿ\–D
x^π_, ÔÁÈÿB–D ª[ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚ΩÚ©√>§BVm
cÿk™¬ ÔÚ]fl ∑Ák›]¶fl ÿƒ[Æ, ∂Àka gˆB›
#ıΩou E¬˛ kVµsÁ™© √§ÿÔV|¬˛[≈™Ï >twÏ.
√wÕ>tµ© √bkÈVD A≈ÂV˚u§_, gˆBxD
OÁwÕm^·m ®[√m ®kÚD \Æ¬Ô xΩBVm.
gˆB©√Á¶ Ô¶Õ> ÿÂ|fiÿƒaB[ ÿku§fl E≈©A¬
ÔV©√|D ŒÚA≈D. √_ BVÔƒVÁÈ xmz|t©
ÿ√Úkø]ÁB© √u§B√V¶_ \uÿ≈VÚ A≈D. ÷[–D
√u√È ÔV‚EÔ^ cı|. ∂ku§ºÈ ØfiƒVuGϬ
ÿÔ·ËB[ ®[–D √VÏ©√V[ ºk^sÁBfl E≈©∏¬zD
ÔV‚E•xı|. ÷ÁkB[§ k¶ÂV|ÿk[≈
ÿƒ∫z‚|k–D, \V¶È\Á≈ºBV[ ®[–D √VÏ©√™[
ÿƒV_oÁ™ ∞uÆ ºk^s ÿƒFm^·V[ ®[Æ
EÈ©√]ÔV´›]_ (ÔVÁ> 28) Â|ÔuÔVÁ>l_ s·¬Ô\VÔ¬
Ì≈©√‚|^·m. ºk^s gˆBϬzˆBÿ>[√mD,
∂kÏÔ^ kVµ°¬z› mÁÿB[√mD cÚ∫ÔV_,
gˆBÁ´ gˆB ÂV‚Ω_ ÿk[Æ, ]´Vs¶›]_ gˆB›m¬z
∂ΩÁ\BVF kVµÕ>V[ ºƒ´[ ®[√Á> ®ÀkVÆ \ƬÔ
xΩ•D? >[–Ï° ÿ√u≈VÈ[§› >tw[ ∂ΩÁ\
\B¬ÔD ¿∫˛› >[–ˆÁ\BVF kVµk>uz ºkÆ
kaºBm? gˆB g‚E g‚¶D ÿÔV|›>m>V[ ®>™V_?
76 gˆB\VÁB
]´Vs¶ ÂV‚Ω[ >tµ© √z]l_ ÔVfiEA´›Á>›
>ÁÈÂÔ´VÔ¬ ÿÔVı| ˛.∏ (300 x>_ 700) 7ägD
±u≈Vı|kÁ´ gı¶ √_ÈkÏÔÁ·© √u§© √ÈÚD
√Ω›]Ú¬Ô xΩ•D. k¶ÿ\Va•D ÂVK ºk>xD ÷Õ
ÂV‚Ω_ Œø∫ÔVÔ k·Ï¬Ô©√|k>uz› mÁ
AˆÕ>VÏÔ^ ®[√>[§ k¶ÂV‚ΩoÚÕm Ì‚¶∫
Ì‚¶\VÔ© √VÏ©√™ÏÔÁ· ∂Áw©∏›m› >twÔ›]_
√È ÷¶∫Ôπ_ zΩºBu§, ∏´\ÔV™D, º>kÔV™D
x>oB ÿ√B´V_ √È ˛´V\∫ÔÁ· xuGuÆÔ·VÔ
(kˆl[§) kw∫˛™´V>o[, >twÔ›][ √È√z]•D
÷[Æ ƒmϺk] \∫ÔÈ∫Ô·VÔ¬ ÔV‚EBπ¬˛[≈™.
]´Vs¶›]_ >twÏ k´ÈV§[§› ÿ>K∫ÔÏ k´
ÈVuÁ≈¬ Ôı¶VKD ÷m s·∫zD. ÷∫z ÂV[ÔVkm
±u≈VıΩ_ OÁwÕ> Ì‚¶D gÕ]´ ÂV‚Ω_ 2ägD
±u≈VıΩ_ OÁwÕm^·m. gÕ]´ ÂV‚Á¶ gı¶
÷fl∑kVz, ƒV>kVÔ™Ï ®[≈ ÷Ú √´D√Á´l™ÚD
>∫ÔÁ· cBÏÕ> ƒV]B´V¬˛¬ ÿÔV^· gˆB›]Á¶,
∂Á¶¬ÔÈD AzÕm^·™Ï. ÷fl∑kVz kal™´V™
\ÔVƒVÕ>JÈÏ ˛.∏. 200ä218 kÁ´ gı¶ º√Vm,
√VÏ©√™ÏÔÁ· k¶ÂV‚ΩoÚÕm ∂Áw›m› >V™∫Ô^
√È AˆÕm, BVÔ∫Ô^ √È Â¶›]› ]´Vs¶›Á>
gˆB¬Ô·\VÔ \Vu§™VÏ. (P.44 Early Dynasties of Andra
Desa By B.V. Krishna Row M.A., B.L.)
"His regin was responsible for a greatwave of a immigra-
tion particularly of Brahmana settlers in Andhra desa from the
north and north west. The immigrants came in all probability, at
the invitation of the Emperer Santamula who after a lapse of
more than a century revived the Vedic sacrifices and particu-
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 77
larly the celebrated Vajabeya and Aswamedhe... Thus new
villages were founded and Brahmana settlements established."
\ÔVƒVÕ> JȈ[ \Ô[ T´AÚ¶>›>[ ®[√k[,
(˛.∏. 218ä239) >[ ÔVÈ›]_ gˆB OÁwkV_ >[
ÂV‚Ωuz kÕ> ºÔ‚ΩÁ™ cÏÕm ∂>Á™ ¿¬Ô
xu√‚¶V[. ∂k[ A›>\›Á>› >øsB>[§› >[ ÂÔˆ_
∂Á\›> A›> sÔV´∫Ôπ[ √VÏÁkfl ∑kˆ_
√VÏ©√ÃB›Á> ÿkÆ©√Á>¬ ÔV‚¶ {Ï o∫Ô cÚk›Á>
cÁ>›m› >Vµ›mkm º√V_ o∫Ô›][ cflEl_ >D
z]ÔVÁÈ Ák›m¬ ÿÔVı|^· WÁÈl_ √È
Ôu√mÁ\Ô^ ÿƒm¬˛© √]B Ák›]ÚÕ>Ák ÷[ÆD
ÔV©√|˛[≈™. ∂ku§_ ÿ√ˆB ÷´ı| EÁÈ
cÚk∫Ô^ º\uÔı¶ ±o_ √¶ÿ\|›mD
ÔV‚¶©√‚ΩÚ¬˛[≈™.
"The Ikshavahu king who was till then a follower of vedic
Brahmanism and a worshipper of Siva in the form of linga re-
nounced faith and became a true convert to Buddhism. (P.58)
In this panel there is a representation of monarch crushing
with his right heel, a stone linga, which is encircled by many
headed serpant. The linga and the serpent apparently symbolise
Brahmanism and worship of Maheswara. The Brahamanism
is denounced by the king in the presence of his ministers and
hig diginitaries of State...
It is probable that "Sri Virapurushadatha" attempted to crush
the tide of Brahmanism which received great impetus and re-
vival under the aegis of his llustrious father Santhamula the
great, only, two decades ago" (pages 59-60)
78 gˆB\VÁB
gÕ]´VkV™VKD ∂∫zD, gˆB©√Á¶ÿB|©A ˛.∏.
200ä÷_ >V[ ÿku§ ÿ√u≈ÿ>[√mD ∂fiQV[ÆD
∂kÏÔ”¬z ®]Ï©A ÷ÚÕ>ÿ>[√mD ÿ>ˆBkÚ˛[≈m.
]´Vs¶ ÂV‚|© ∏ˆsÁ™¬z gÕ]´ k´ÈVÆ g>V´D √È
>Ú˛[≈m. gÕ]´› º>VwÏÔ^ ÷>Á™ cÚD WÁÈ
sÁ´s_ ∞u√¶ ºkı|D.
÷Ȭ˛B∫ÔπºÈ √u√È J¶ ÂD∏¬ÁÔÔ^ AzÕm
ÿ√VFÁ\ \oÕm, \¬Ô^ ÔÚ›Á>© √VwV¬z˛≈m ®[√m
ŒÚA≈tÚ¬Ô AÈkÏ ÿ√Ú\¬Ô‚ºÔ cˆB ÷ȬÔ∫Ôπ[
WÁÈ>V[ ®[™? ÿ>V_ÔV©∏B›]_ EÈ ÷Á¶fl ÿƒÚÔ_;
T´ ºƒVaBxD, Â[˚KD k¶ÿ\Va ÷Ȭ˛B›Á>›
>øsBÁk. ÷ku§[ cÁ´Ôº·V Œ©∏B_ ÿ\Va
º>V[≈V¬ ÔVÈ›]ºÈºB >tµ ÿ\Va k¶ÿ\Va
Œ©∏ȬÔ∫Ô·VÔ ∂Á\Õ>Ák. g™V_ ∏uÔVÈ
÷ȬÔ∫Ôπ_, ""nÕÿ>ø›>V_ ŒÚ√VÁ¶•ıÿ¶™
∂Á≈B°D ÂVbkº´ \¬Ô^'' ®[Æ ÷ȬÔ¬ ÿÔV›mfl
ƒVtÂV> º>EÔÏ ÌÆ˛[≈ ∂·°¬z› >tµ ÷aÕ>m
®>™V_, k¶ÿ\Va ÷ȬÔ›]_ gµÕm >tµÿ\Va
÷ȬÔ›Á>© A≈¬ÔË›>>VÈ[º≈V?
÷Ȭ˛B›m¬z¬ Ôu√Á™ mÁÿB[≈VKD ÷ȬÔ›
m¬z¬ Ôu√Á™ ºÔ| √B©√>[º≈V? ÿkı√V©√V‚ΩB_
(kflƒÕ] \VÁÈ) ®[≈ ∏uÔVÈ ±_ ®Àk·° Ôu√Á™
l_ gµÕ>>VÔ°D ÔÚ›]u ÿÔVÀkV>>VÔ°D ∂Á\Õ
]Ú¬˛≈m ®[√Á>© AÈkÏÔ^ WÁ™›m© √VϬԂ|D.
∞[ ÷Õ> ∂§BVÁ\ cÚÿk|›mkÕ> √‚ΩB_ ∞|,
√_ÔÁȬ ÔwÔ∫Ôπ_ √V¶\VF ∂Á\>_ ºkı|D?
√Ω©√>V_ ∞>Vkm √BMÚ¬Ô xΩ•\V? ÂV_kÁÔfl
ƒV]ÁB ÷ÕÂV‚ΩM_ ÂV‚ΩÃÏ, ®[Æ gˆBÁ´©
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 79
√VÏ›m xw∫˛|D cıÁ\•ÏÕmD, ®ø›]KD
ÂV_kÁÔfl ƒV]BV? clÿ´ø›mD ÿ\FÿBø›mD
clÏÿ\F•D ƒVÏAD ®ø›][ kÁÔBVD ®™ ∂§°¶[
√‚| gl´\Vl´\Vı|Ô·VF kw∫˛B cıÁ\¬z
\V≈VÔ, gˆBD AzÕm k·D ÿ√uÆ, >tµ ÔuÆ
÷Ȭ˛BtBuÆD ÿ>VıΩÁ™ ∞uÆ ÿ\_È gˆB©
AÈkÿ´_ÈVÚ^·xD gˆB¬ ÔÚ›mÁ≈•D \¶\V¬˛,
∂kÏÔ^ ®ø©∏|D Œo•D, ÿ√VÚ”D gˆB›Á>
ÿkπl|D WÁÈÁ\ÁB cı¶V¬˛ s‚¶m. x¬
ÔVÈ›]KD ÿ\Va kw∫˛¶› mÁAˆ•D ∂§sBu
ƒVÁÈBVD ÷ȬÔ›]KD, gˆB Âflƒ´°>V[
√¶›]Á™ ®|›m g|˛[≈m.
√V‚ΩBo_, √[ÃÚlÚD x>ÈVÆ ÿ\F•D.
√VÏ©√™ kÚD ®[ÆD, ∂|›> gÆÿ\FÔ^ ∂´ƒ
kÚD ®[ÆD, ÂV[z ÿ\FÔ^ ÁkEB kÚD ®[ÆD,
∏≈ ÷´ı|D Û›]´ kÚD ®[ÆD Ì≈©√|˛≈m.
gˆBÚÁ¶B ∏´V\ ä ≥›]ˆB ä ÁkEB ä Û›]´ ®[≈
ƒV]©∏ˆ°Ô^ \¬ÔπÁ¶ºB WÈs[, ŒÚÔV_
Œa¬Ô©√‚| s|º\V ®[ÿ≈ıË, ÂV‚Ω[ ∂§QÏ
®[ÿ≈ı©√|D AÈkÏ kw∫˛|D √VsKD ®ø›]KD
kÚ© ÿ√VÚ›>D kz›m^·VÏ. "È, k, ≈, ™' ®[≈
ÂV[z ÁkEB ®ø›m¬Ô·VD. "w, ·' ®[√™ Û›]´
®ø›m¬Ô·VD. ÷]KD {Ï cıÁ\ s·∫z˛[≈m. >tµ
ÿ\Va¬ºÔ E≈©√VÔ°^· w, ≈, ™ ®[≈ J[ÿ≈ø›m¬
Ô”D ÁkEB Û›]´ ÷™\VÔ ∂Á\¬Ô©√‚|^·™.
k¶ÿ\Va "È, ·' kVÔ°D Œo›]|\V™VKD >tø¬ºÔ
E≈©√VÔ› >M ®ø›>VÔ°^· "≈' "w' k¶ÿ\Val_
÷_ÁÈ. ÷Ák Û›]´ ®ø›m ®™¬ Ì≈©√|k>[
ÿ√VÚÿ·[™?
80 gˆB\VÁB
gˆBˆ¶tÚÕm ∏ˆ›m¬ ÔV‚¶¬ÌΩB ∂·° >M›m
kVµÕ> ]´Vs¶ÏÔÁ·›>V[ gˆBÏ, ""Û›]´Ï'' (>VE
\¬Ô^) ®[Æ ÂV[ÔVD kÚ›>V´VF kw∫˛™Ï
®[√>[ sÁ·k[º≈V? ÷ÀkÔÕÁ>ÁB Œa¬Ô
sÚDA\§QÏÔ^ ÷ÀsȬÔ›Á> WÈs¶ s‚| Ák¬Ô
xΩ•\V?
√VÏ©√™Á´ ÿkı√VkVKD, ∂´ƒÁ´ gEˆB©
√VkVKD, kËÔÁ´¬ Ôo©√VkVKD, Û›]´Á´ kfiE©
√VkVKD √V¶ ºkı|\VD. ÷m ÷Ȭ˛B kw¬Ôu≈m.
g™V_ ÷ȬÔ›]_ s]BVÔ© AzÕm^·m.
√V¬Ôπ_ E≈Õ> ÿkı√Vÿk–D Œı√V √VÏ©
√™Ú¬z, √VÏ©√™Á´ gEˆB´VÔ¬ ÿÔVı¶ ∂´ƒÏ¬z
∂>uÔ|›> gEˆB©√V, ÁkEBÚ¬z ä kÁÔ √È zÁ≈Õ>
Ôo. Û›]´Ï ®[≈ ]´Vs¶Ú¬z ä gˆBÏ cÚÿk|›m
kw∫˛B kfiE©√V! >tµ©√V ÷BuÆt¶›]KD
gˆB›m¬z x>_ >VDØÈ\V? ÷[ÆD ÔÈD√Ô›]_
(√V¬ÔÁ·¬ ÔÈÕm √V|D xÁ≈) º>kÚ¬z 100 ÿƒF•”D,
√VÏ©√™Ú¬z 96äD, ∂´ƒÚ¬z 90D ∂Á\flƒÚ¬z 70D,
kËÔÚ¬z 50D \u≈kÚ¬z 30 ÿƒF•”D √V¶ºkı|
ÿ\[√m √V‚ΩB_ s]Ô·VD. gı¶kM[ ∂k>V´D
∂´ƒ[ ®[Æ ®ıËlÚÕ> ÂV‚ΩºÈºB, ∂´ƒÁ™s¶©
Aº´V˛>© √VÏ©√V[ cBÏÿk[Æ ÔÚ] ∂]Ô\V™
ÿƒF•^ ÿƒFkm xÁ≈ ®[Æ ®ø]B ÂBkfiƒÔÏ,
∏≈\¬ÔÁ· ÷a°√|›mD xÁ≈l_ ÷Ȭ˛B›]ºÈV
÷ȬÔ›]ºÈV ̧lÚ©√m gflƒˆB\[Æ. g™V_
÷kuÁ≈© AÈkÏÔ^ >V∫˛ Wu√m>V[ Â\¬z
kÚ›>›Á>› >Ú˛[≈m. \–¿]ÁB s¶© √V‚ΩB_
®ÀkÁÔl_ \VÆ√‚ΩÚ¬˛[≈m? ÷m \¬Ô^
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 81
x[MÁÈl_ ÿ√V∑¬Ô©√‚¶VÿÈVaB, ]´Vs¶ ÷™
cÏflE•D ∏≈©ÿ√V¬zD ®_ÈV clϬzD ®[≈
∂Ω©√Á¶¬ ÔÚ›mD \Æ√Ω•D WÈs¶ xΩ•\V?
gˆB¬ ÿÔV^ÁÔÔ^ ±_ kΩs_ ÷Ú©∏–D, gˆBÏ
ÁÔBVı¶ y k·Ï¬zD ºk^s xÁ≈¬ºÔ ÷Á´BVÔ©
√ol|D ÂVº· ÂDÁ\ ÂVD cÏÕ> ÂV·VzD. ÷[–D
√V‚ΩB_ kw∫˛|D ÿ√VÚ›>∫ÔÁ·ÿB_ÈVD √VÏ›m›
>tµ©√V ÷BuÆkÿ>[√m, √BM_ÈV> ÿƒBÈVzD.
\∫ÔÈ©ÿ√VÚ›>D, x>uÿƒV_, ®ø›m› >Ô™D, √V_
cÏ, kÚD, ÂV^, Ô], ÔD g˛B ®_ÈV©
ÿ√VÚ›>∫Ô”D, >tµ ÿ\Val_ c^· ®_ÈV søtB
ÿƒVuÔÁ·•D √B[√|›], ∂w˛B ÔÚ›m WÁ≈Õ>
ÔsÔÁ· ÷BuÆD ÷BuÁÔ xÁ≈l_ \‚|©√|›mD
\VuÆkÁÔl_ ∂Á\Õm^·m. ÷[–D √È
ÿƒVuÔÁ·•D √B[√|›> xΩBVm ÷©ÿ√VÚ›>∫Ô^
>Á¶ ÿƒFk>™V_, √È k¶ÿ\Vafl ÿƒVuÔÁ·•D
(∏≈ÿ\Va ®™©√V´Vm) AÈkÏÔ^ ÁÔBV”D
WÁÈÁ\ÁB ∞u√|›]Bm. >M›>tµ, cBÏ >Mfl
ÿƒDÿ\Va, >[ ÷B_∏Á™ ÷w¬ÔºkV ∂[§ ÷wÕ>
WÁÈÁB¬ ÔV‚¶ºkV √V‚ΩB_ √B[√¶
xΩ•º\B[§, ®Õ> xÁ≈lKD >tµ ÿ\Va¬z
∞u≈>_È; ÿ√VÚ›>\V™m\[Æ ®[√m ®kÚD \ƬÔ
xΩBV>>VzD. gˆBD ŒaB› >[–Ï° ÿ√u§|>_
÷[§BÁ\BV>m. >[–Ï° k·´› >tµ¬ ÔwM
]Ú›>©√|>_ ºkı|D. ÷Ȭ˛B© Ø∫ÔVkV™VKD
÷ȬÔ sÁ· WÈ\V™VKD gˆB¬ Ô^π xÁ·›m
k·ÏÕ]Ú©∏[, ∂>[ yÁ\ÁB cÏÕ> ]´Vs¶Ï
∂>Á™› y Ák›º>–D Œa›]¶› >B∫ÔVÏ. gÔºk
º>VwÏÔº·! \VkÏÔ·V˛B ÂVD Â\m Ô¶Á\ÁB
82 gˆB\VÁB
cÏÕm, Œ_KD kÁÔÿB_ÈVD ]´Vs¶Ï ÷™D ®øflE
ÿ√≈°D, kVÁÔ Û¶°D xB_ºkV\VÔ.
""gˆBÏÔ^ ÷Õ]BV°¬z kÕ>Á>© √u§ A.K. Saunders
C. S. I. I. C. S. ®[˛≈ {Ï g´VFflE¬ÔV´Ï ∑\VÏ 20
kÚ≠∫Ô”¬z x[ ÷Õ]BVs[ \>D ®[–D g´VFflE
±o_ ®ø]lÚ©√>Vkm:
∑\VÏ 5000 kÚ≠∫Ô”¬z x[ ÷Õ]BVs[ ʺ>Vi
WÁÈ, ÷©º√Vm ÷Ú©√Á> s¶fl ƒuƬ zÁ≈Õ> zD
c^·>VÔ ÷ÚÕ>m. ÷Õ]BVs_ \¬Ô^ ∂ºÂÔ\VÔ
®_ºÈVÚD ]´Vs¶ÏÔ·VÔºk ÷ÚÕ>VÏÔ^ ®[≈VKD,
∂kÏÔ^ √È ∏ˆ°Ô·VÔºk g∫ÔV∫z ÷ÚÕm kÕ>VÏÔ^.
∂kÏÔ^ ÔÆ©AW≈xÁ¶BkÏÔ^; ƒuÆ cB´D zÁ≈Õ>
kÏÔ^. ÷©º√VÁ>©º√VȺk Â_È Ôi¶©√¶¬ ÌΩBkÏ
Ô·VÔ°D, Â_È ∑√Vkx^·kÏÔ·VÔ°D, ÔkÁÈ
÷_ÈV>kÏÔ·VÔ°D ÷ÚÕm kÕ>VÏÔ^. ∂©√Ω©√‚¶kÏ
Ô^ gˆBÏÔ^ √Á¶ÿB|©∏™V_ WÁÈzÁÈÕ>VÏÔ^.
gˆBˆ[ g]¬Ô›]™V_, ∂ΩÁ\ ¤V] \¬Ô·VÔ
g¬Ô©√‚¶VÏÔ^. gˆBÏÔ^ >∫Ô^ ÂV‚Ω_ A_>Á´
÷_ÈV>>VKD \∫ºÔVoBÏ ∂kÏÔÁ· s´‚Ω ∂Ω›>]
™VKD ∏Áw©A¬ÔVÔ ÷¶D Ôı| ∏Ω©√>uÿÔ[º≈ EÆ
EÆ Ì‚¶\VÔ kÕ>VÏÔ^.
∂kÏÔ^ kÕ> ƒ\B›]_ ÷Õ]BVs_ ]´Vs¶ÏÔ^ √È
∏ˆ°Ô·VÔ, g∫ÔV∫z >M›>MºB EÆEÆ √VÔ›m¬z
∂]ÔVˆÔ·VÔ ÷ÚÕm g‚E ÿƒK›] kÕ>™Ï. ∂>™V_
∂kÏÔπ_ ŒÚkÚ¬ÿÔVÚkÏ ÔÈÔD, ƒıÁ¶ ÿƒFm
ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏÔ^.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 83
÷Õ> WÁÈl_ ∂©º√Vm ÷∫z© ∏Áw¬Ô kÕ>
gˆBÏÔ^, c^ÂV‚|¬ ÔÈÔ›]_ ÔÈÕmÿÔVı|, >V∫Ô^
g”¬ÿÔVÚ Ô‚El_ ºƒÏÕm ÔÈÔ∫ÔÁ·•D
º√VÏÔÁ·•D ÿ√Ú¬˛ ŒÚkÁ´ÿBVÚkÏ >V¬˛ \Ω•D
√Ω•D ÷Á·¬zD√Ω•D ÿƒF>™Ï.
x>_ x>_ gˆBÏÔ”¬zfl ∑kVy™\V™ ÂV|
k¶º\uz \VÔV\VzD. ∏≈z, ∂∫ºÔlÚÕm
ÿ>V¶ÏÕm ]´Vs¶ÏÔÁ·¬ ÿÔV|Á\©√|›], ∂¶¬˛
ÿku§ ÿ√uƬ ÿÔVıº¶ kÕ>VÏÔ^ gˆBÏÔ^.
÷Õ]BVs_ Œº´ >¶Ákl_ Œº´ Ì‚¶\VÔ kÕm
ÿ¤l›>kÏÔ·_ÈÏ! g]l_ ∂kÏÔ^ >M›>M
ƒ\B∫Ôπ_ >M› >M¬ Ì‚¶∫Ô·VÔ kÕm >M›
>MBVÔ© º√Vˆ‚|D >M›>MºB ÿku§ ÿÔVı¶VÏÔ^.
g]l_ ÷kÏÔ^ kÕ>s>D ÿƒV_Ⱥkı|\V™V_,
ºk°¬ÔV´Ï º√VÈ°D, ]œÿ´[Æ AzÕm >V¬˛•D,
ÁÔl_ ˛Á¶›>Á>© √u§¬ ÿÔVı|D, ∏≈z WÁÈ›>
g]¬ÔxD º>Ω¬ ÿÔVı¶VÏÔ^.
EÈ º\[Á\BV™ ÷¶∫ÔÁ·•D, ƒÔÈ ƒ°ÔˆBxD
∏´√ÈxD c^· ÷¶∫ÔÁ·•D, •›>D ÿƒFmD
]´Vs¶ÏÔÁ·¬ ÿÔV[ÆD, √ÈÁ´ ∂ΩÁ\©√|›]•D
∑kVy™D ÿƒFm ÿÔVı¶VÏÔ^.
÷Ák >∫Ô”¬z© º√Vm\V™ ∂·° ˛Á¶›>>V_
∂kÏÔ^ ÷∫z WÁÈ›>kÏÔ·V˛ ÂVÿ¶∫zD >∫Ô^
ÔÁÈÔÁ·, √w¬Ôkw¬Ô∫ÔÁ·› >∫Ô^ ƒ°ÔˆB›m¬zD
º\[Á\¬zD ∞u≈ ÿÔV^ÁÔÔÁ·© √´©√ g´D∏›>VÏ
Ô^. ÷∫z kÕ> gˆBÏÔπ[ ÿƒVÕ>› >[Á\ÔÁ·•D
ƒˆ›]´∫ÔÁ·•D ÿƒV_È Â\¬z© º√V]B ƒˆ›]´D
÷_ÁÈ; ®[≈VKD ºk>D g˛Bku≈VKD ∂kÏÔ·m
84 gˆB\VÁB
>[Á\, \>D, √VÁ≠ g˛Bku≈VKD ŒÚkVÆ
ª˛›>§BÈVD.
∂kÏÔ”¬z© Aº´V˛>xD, ƒ¶∫zº\ ∏´>V™ \>¬
ÔVˆB\VzD. ∂kÏÔ”Á¶B Ô¶°·VÔ© √fiƒ Ø>∫Ô”D
÷Õ]´[ x>oBÁk•D ÷ÚÕm kÕ>™. (÷m g]l_
º´VD, ˛Z¸ x>oB nº´V©∏B ÂV|ÔπKD ÷ÚÕ>m
º√VȺk gzD.)
÷[Æ gˆBÏÔ^ Ô¶°^Ô·VÔ k∫zD ÷´V\[,
˛Úi[ ®[√kÏÔ^, gˆB g]¬Ô›Á> WÁÈ WÆ›>
ºkÁÈ ÿƒF> T´ÏÔ^. ÷´V\[ ]´Vs¶ÏÔÁ· ÿk[Æ,
ÿ>[™V‚ΩKD ÷È∫ÁÔlKD gˆBÏ >D g]¬Ô›Á>
∞u√|›]Bk[. gˆB© Aº´V˛>ÏÔ^ •›>T´ÏÔ^
÷_ÈVs‚¶VKD tÔ°D ƒ¬] cÁ¶BkÏÔ^.
""gˆBÏÔ^ ÷©√Ω©√‚¶ \>›m¬z sº´V>\VÔ, BVÏ
BVº´V ®[ÿ[™º\V xBuE ®|›mD, ∂Ák
√BM_ÈV\_ º√VFs‚¶™ ®[ÆD, A›>\>›Á>
gˆBÏÔ^ >∫Ô”¬z sº´V>\V™ \>ÿ\[Æ ÔÚ]ºB
Œa›ms‚¶VÏÔ^ ®[ÆD; ¤V]º√>t_ÈV>
\>›Á>•D, J¶ÂD∏¬ÁÔ ÷_ÈV> k¬ÔD, Ô¶°^
x>oBkuÁ≈•D ∞u√|›]B ˛§¸m, xÔD\m,
÷´V¤V´VD º\VÔ[´VF º√V[≈kÏÔπ[ xBuE
ÔÁ·•D, ÿÔV^ÁÔÔÁ·•D Œa›m ∂Õ> \>∫ÔÁ·•D,
\>›Á>fl ºƒÏÕ> \¬ÔÁ·•D ÷a° √|›] ÿkƬÔfl
ÿƒFm gˆBÏÔº· \M> ƒJÔ›]_ º\D√‚¶kÏÔ^;
∂kÏÔº· ®¤\V™ÏÔ^, zÚ\VÏÔ^, Aº´V˛>ÏÔ^,
ØÁ¤¬ÔV´ÏÔ^, cBÏÕ> ¤V]BVÏÔ^ ®[Æ g˛ \u≈
ƒx>VBD >ÁÈÿB|¬ÔÿkV‚¶V\_ ÿƒFms‚¶VÏÔ^.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 85
ÿƒ[Á™l_ 1939 ∞©´_ 21 \VÁÈ 6 \ˬz›
ÿ>[MÕ]B ∏´\ƒ\V¤›][ g>´s_ ÿƒ[Á™
∂ıV©∏^Á·› ÿ>ÚsK^· ∏´\ƒ\V¤¬
Ô‚Ω¶›]_ ŒÚ ÿ√Vm¬Ì‚¶D ÂÁ¶ÿ√u≈m.
Ì‚¶›]uz ∂§QÏ S. ºƒV\∑Õ>´ √V´]BVÏ MABL
>ÁÈÁ\ k˛›m© ""√wÕ>twÏ \xÁ≈'' ®[≈ ÿ√VÚ^
√u§fl ∑\VÏ 1 ½ \Ë ºÂ´D ∂ˆB ÿƒVuÿ√Va°
WÔµ›]™VÏ. ∂>[ ÿ>Vz©A kÚ\VÆ:
"">tµfl ƒºÔV>ˆÔº·! ƒºÔV>´ÏÔº·! ƒV]\>
ºkÆ√V| ÔÚ>Vm. >tÁw› >VFÿ\VaBVÔ¬ ÿÔVı¶
®_ºÈVÁ´•º\ >twÏÔ^ ®[º≈[. ÂV[ ÿƒ[Á™¬z
kÕ>º√Vm ÷∫z© º√∑ºk[ ®™ ®]Ï√VϬÔs_ÁÈ.
]œÿ´™ º√ƒºkı|ÿ\™¬ ºÔ‚|¬ ÿÔVı¶ Âı√Ï
Ôπ[ ºkı|ºÔVÁ·› >‚¶xΩBV\_ ∞uƬ
ÿÔVıº¶[.
√wÕ>twÏ ÔVÈD ®m? ∂>Vkm gˆBÏ g]¬Ô›Á>›
>twˆ¶›mfl ∑\›> xΩBV> ÔVÈD ˛.∏. 2, 3ägD
±u≈Vı|, ∂>Vkm gˆBÏ, kÚÁÔBV_ >taK^· EÈ
√>∫Ô^ gˆB›]KD, gˆB© √>∫Ô^ EÈ >taKD
∞≈›ÿ>V¶∫˛B ÔVÈD. ∂[Æ >tµ ÂV‚Ω_ gˆB
g]¬ÔD ÷_ÁÈ. ∂>[ ∏[™Ï 3ägD ±u≈VıΩ_>V[,
>ta_ EÈ gˆB© √>∫Ô^ ÔÈ¬Ô ºÂˆ‚¶m. ∂>Vkm
EÈ©√]ÔV´›]uz xÕ]B ÔVÈD, ∞[? EÈ©√]ÔV´›]ºÈºB
gˆBD ÔÈÕ> xÁ≈ kÕms‚¶m. ®™ºk EÈ©√]
ÔV´›]uz x[A^· √wÕ>twÏÔπ[ \xÁ≈ÁB©
√u§ºB ~ı| º√ƒ©√|˛≈m. gˆB ÂVÔˆÔ›]uzD,
>twÏ ÂVÔˆÔ›]uzD z|D√D √u§B ∂Ω©√Á¶ºB
ºkÆ√‚¶m. z|D√D √u§B kw¬˛_ gˆB xÁ≈ºB
86 gˆB\VÁB
÷[Æ yÏ©√VÔ kÕms‚¶m. >ÕÁ> ÿƒV›Á> ä
(ÿƒ_k›Á>©) ∏^Á·Ô^ ∏ˆ©√m Â_Èÿ>[√Ï gˆBÏ.
∂Õ> xÁ≈ ÷[Æ Â\¬zD kÕms‚¶m. ÿ√Vm¬ z|D√
xÁ≈ gˆBÚ¬z ∂kEB\V™m ∞[? gˆBÏ ∂ÕWB
ÂV‚¶VÏ. ÷∫z kÕm zΩºB§™Ï. zΩºB§B ÷¶D
∂kÏÔ^ √w¬Ôkw¬Ô∫Ô‚z xu§KD \VÆ√‚¶m. ®Õ>
ÂV‚Ωuz kÕ>VKD ∂ÕÂV‚¶kÏÔº·V| Œ›m kVµÕm,
>∫ÔÁ·› >M©√‚¶ ŒÚ ÿ>Fk© ∏≈©√VÔºk ÔÚmkm
gˆBÏ kw¬ÔD. c>V´D √VÏ›>V_, ÿ¤Ï\MlK^·
gˆBÏÔ^ R>ÏÔÁ· ÿkÆ›m› >V∫Ô^ gˆBÿ´–D
ÿƒÚ¬ÔV_ s´‚|˛[≈™Ï. ÷Õ> ∂ÔD√VkD
®_ºÈVÚ¬zD cˆBm.
÷Õ>fl ÿƒÚ¬˛™VºÈ, ∏≈´V_ gˆBÏÔ”D ÿkƬԩ
√‚| kÕ>™Ï ä kÚ˛[≈™Ï. ∂ÀkVˆBÏ g]l_ k¶
ÂV‚Ω_ zΩºB§B ÔVÈ›m ∂∫˛ÚÕ> k¶ ÂV‚¶VÁ´•D
>VµkVÔ¬ ÔÚ> g´D∏›>™Ï. k¶ ÂV‚ΩoÚÕ>kÏÔ”D
∂§sÈV ˇµ\¬Ô·VlÚÕ>>V_, >∫ÔÁ· ÷akVÔ¬
ÔÚ]B gˆBÏÔÁ· cÁ>¬Ô g´D∏›>™Ï. ÷>™V_
÷kÏÔ‚z› >uÔV©A ∂kEB\VluÆ. ÷´V\VB›]_
√È ÷¶∫Ôπ_ ∂∑´ÏÔ^ cÁ>›>VÏÔ^ ®[Æ
®ø>©√‚ΩÚ¬˛≈º>. ∂>[ ÿ√VÚ^ ®[™?
÷ÀkVˆBÏÔ^ >∫Ô^ ÿƒÚ¬ÔV_ ∏≈Á´¬ ºÔkÈ\VÔ¬
ÔÚ>ºk ∂kÏÔ^ (∂∑´ÏÔ^) ÷kÏÔÁ·fl ƒˆBVÔ
cÁ>›>™Ï. ÷m>V[ cıÁ\. ÷m ÂV[ ÌÆk>_È;
ƒˆ›]´D ÌÆ˛[≈m. ÷ÀkVˆBÏÔ^ ÷´° √ÔÈVÔ¬
Ôısa›m› >uÔV©Afl ÿƒFm ÿÔVı¶™Ï; ®]ˆÔ”¶[
{BV\u ƒıÁ¶ ∏Ω¬Ô ºkıΩ ∂]Ô ÿƒ_kV¬zD
>uÔV©AD ÷kÏÔ‚z ºkıΩlÚÕ>m. ÷>™VºÈºB
÷kÏÔ^ >∫Ô”¬z gı ∏^Á·Ô^ ∏≈©√Á> ∂]Ô\VÔ
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 87
sÚD∏™Ï. ÿ√ı ∏^Á·Ô^ ∏≈©√Á>© √Vkÿ\™°D
ÔÚ]™Ï. ®™ºk >uÔV©A¬ ÔÚ]ºB>V[ ÷kÏÔ^ Œ[Æ
ºƒÏÕm Ì‚|≈kVÔ kVw ºkıΩ kÕ>m.
WuÔ, >twÏÔ^ k¶º\uz¬ ÔkVF, k¶˛w¬z¬
ÔkVF kaBVÔ ÷∫z kÕm zΩºB§™VÏÔÿ·™fl EÈ
J¶ÏÔ^ ÌÆ˛[≈™Ï. ∂m >kÆ. cÈÔD º>V[§B
ÔVÈÕÿ>V‚º¶ >twÏÔ^ >tµÂV‚Ω_ ÷ÚÕm
kÕ]Ú¬˛[≈™Ï. ∞[? Ô_º>V[§ \ı º>V[≈V¬
ÔVÈ›º> x[º>V[§ J›>¬zΩl_ kÕ>kÏÔ·[º≈V ÂD
>twÏÔ^! >twÏÔ^ ∂´EB_ ÔV´\VÔ› >∫Ô”¬z^
EÆ EÆ ƒıÁ¶Ô^ º√V‚|¬ ÿÔVıΩÚÕ>VÏ
Ô·Vl–D, ∏≈´V_ä∂ÕWB ÂV‚¶V´V_ º\V>©√¶V>kÏÔ^.
∞[? ÷BuÁÔlºÈ x©A≈D Ô¶KD ŒÚA≈D \ÁÈ•D
>twÏÔ‚z ∂´VÔ ÷ÚÕ>™. ÷>™V_>V[ >uÔV©A
ºkı¶Vm >M›m kVøD E≈©Á√ºB ºkıΩ™V[
>tw[. g] x>_ >M¬zΩ›>™D ¶›mkº> >tw[
kw¬ÔD. >ÕÁ> ÿƒV›Á> sÚD∏™V_ >V•D \Á™s•D
ÿkÆ©√Ï. >tw[ ]Á´ Ô¶ºÈVΩ› ]´sBD º>Ω™V[.
""c[ xBuEBV_ ÿ√VÚ^ º>Ω™VBV? >ÕÁ> ÿ√VÚ·V_
kVw sÚDAD ºƒVDº√§ÁB ÂV[ sÚDº√['' ®[√V^
\Á™s. ÔV>ȈÚkÏ ÔÚ›ÿ>VÚt›> ∏≈z \D ÿƒFm
ÿÔV^k>uz x[ ÿ√VÚ^º>¶fl ÿƒ_kº> >tw[
kw¬z.
ºÔVkÈÁ™© √VÚ∫Ô^. ÿ√ˆB ºÔVœ¸k´M[ Œº´
∏^Á·. ∂k[ ∞[ ÷´s_A≈©√‚| ŒÚkÚ¬zD
ÿ>ˆBVm \mÁ´¬zfl ÿƒ_È ºkı|D? ÿ√VÚ^ º>¶.
>ÕÁ>ÁB¬ ºÔ‚¶V_ ÿÔV|¬Ô \V‚¶V´V? ∂_Èm
Ôı˛ \V\[ \Vt•¶[ ƒıÁ¶ º√V‚|¬
88 gˆB\VÁB
ÿÔVı¶V·V? ŒÚ ƒ\BD Ôı˛ ÌÆ˛≈V^
º>Val¶D, ""ÂV[ ∂øº>ÿ™[Æ ®[ \Vtl¶D Ì≈Vº>.
̧™V_ \Á™s¬z ºkıΩBÁ>¬ ÿÔVı| ÿÔV|›m
xÔ∫ºÔVVm Ák›m kVw› ÿ>ˆBV> ¿•D {Ï
gı\Ô™V? ®[Æ ®[ ÂVBÔÁ™¬ ºÔV∏©√V^ \Vt''
®[Æ ÌÆ˛[≈V^. ÷>™V_ Ôı˛¬z \Vtl¶D
ƒıÁ¶B_È; ∂[A¶[ kVµÕ>kÏÔ^ ®™› ÿ>ˆ˛≈m.
∏[ ∞[ ºÔVkÈ[ \mÁ´ ÿƒ[≈V[? >ÕÁ> ÿ√VÚ·V_
kVø˛[≈V[ ®[Æ >[Á™ cÈÔD √a¬zÿ\™¬
ÔÚ]ºB>V[. º\KD ºÔVkÈ–¬z \\V™ c¶º™ºB,
ÿ√uº≈VÏ ÷kÏÔÁ· >MºB Ák›m s|˛[≈™Ï. ∞[?
ºkÆ√| ]Ús[ TÆ ÿ√≈¬ ÔVºk. >ÕÁ>l[
√›>V_ kVø>ÁÈ© √aÿB™¬ ÔÚ]™Ï >tµ \¬Ô^.
ŒÚ ºkÁ· >ÕÁ> ÷≈Õ>V_, *] Ák›m s‚|© º√V™V_
ä ∂m \¬ÔÁ·fl ƒVÚD. g™V_ ÷¬ÔVÈ›º> º√V_ >ÕÁ>
÷Ú¬zDº√Vº> ""√VÔ›Á>© ∏ˆ'' ®™fl ƒıÁ¶ ∏Ω©√m
∂[Æ ˛Á¶BVm.
ÔoBVD ÿƒF>∏[ \Á™sl¶›m ∂[Á√fl
ÿƒK›m ®[√m gˆBÏ ÿÔV^ÁÔ. ÔV´D ®[™?
>∫ÔÁ·¬ ÔV©√Vu§¬ ÿÔV^· ºkıΩ gı
∏^Á·ÔÁ·© ÿ√Æk>uÔVÔ, ŒÚ ∏^Á· ÿ√ÆD
ÔÚsBVÔ ®ı˺B ]Ú\D ÿƒFm ÿÔVı¶™Ï.
g™V_ >twÏÔÁ·© º√V_ kVµ¬ÁÔl_ ÷[√D ÿ√≈
kVµ¬ÁÔ¬z ŒÚ Ì‚¶VπºB \Á™s ®™¬ ÔÚ]™VÏ
Ôπ_ÁÈ. >tw[, ŒÚ ÿ√ı˶›m x>o_ ∂[A
ÿƒK›]B>[§, ∂kÁ· \¬Ô sÚD∏™VM_ÁÈ.
ÿ√ıbD ∂mº√VȺk. ŒÚ >tw[ ŒÚ ÿ√ıÁ
x>[ x>_ √VÏ›> ÔVÁÈl_ nB©√|kV[. ∞[?
÷ÚkÚD ŒÚkÁ´ÿBVÚkÏ ∂§BVs¶›m, ∂[A
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 89
cı¶V˛≈m! ÔD√ÚD, ÷´V\Á™› ÿ>Ús_ Ôı¶
∂·s_ ÊÁ>¬z x[A ∂[A cı¶V˛≈m. ∏[
nB©√|˛≈V^ ®[Æ ÿ>ˆs¬˛[≈VÏ. ÷´V\–¬zD
∂ÀkVº≈ nBD º>V[Æ˛≈m. nBD WÔµkm ∂kEBD.
∂m ÷B_√V™º>. g™V_ kV_*˛, ÷´V\–D ÊÁ>•D
ŒÚkÁ´ÿBVÚkÏ √VÏ›>>VÔºk ÿ>ˆs¬Ôs_ÁÈ. ∞[?
gˆBÚ¬z ∂[A ÿƒK›]B ∏≈z \D ÿƒF•D
kw¬Ôt_ÁÈ. ÷Õ> nBD gb¬z \‚|\_È; ÿ√ıb¬
zD cı¶VzD. g™V_ ÿ>V_ÔV©∏B›]uz
cÁ´ÿBø> kÕ> ÂflE™VϬ˛MBÏ, ""gb¬z \‚|Õ>V[
∂§sÚ¬˛[≈m'' ®[Æ ÌÆ˛[≈VÏ. g™V_ >tµ
\Ô™V˛B ºƒ¬˛wVº´V, ÿ√ˆB A´V›]_ ∑Õ>´JÏ›]
ÂVB™VÚD ∂kÏ \Á™s•D x>[ x>_ ƒÕ]›> ÔVÈ›m,
÷ÚkÚ¬zD nBD º>V[§B>VÔ› ÿ>ˆs¬˛[≈VÏ.
÷m>V[ E≈Õ>m. ÿ√ıb¬zD ƒ\ cˆÁ\ ÿÔV|©√º>
>tw[ kw¬ÔD. "E≈Õma nBD E≈Õ>ÿ>[√' ®[≈VÏ
ÿ>V_ÔV©∏BÏ. ŒÚ ÿ√ıÁ© √VÏ›m ŒÚk[ ÷k^
s√flƒVˆBV? ÔuAÁ¶Bk·V? ®™fl ƒÕº>˛›>V_ ∂∫ºÔ
∂[A ]Ôw ÷¶t_ÁÈ. ∂kÚ¬z› >zÕ> nBD
º>V[≈ÈVÔVm. √VÁȬÔı¶ ŒÚk[ ÷m √∑s[√VÈV?
∂[§© √[§l[ √VÈV? ®[Æ WÁ™©√V™V™V_ ∏[™Ï
∂©√VÁÈfl ƒV©∏¶ xΩ•\V? ®™ºk º\È>VF
kÕ>s¶›m, ∂>Vkm E≈Õ>>VF kÕ>s¶›m›>V[ ∂[A
ÿƒ_KD. ÷Á>›>V[ ""E≈Õma nBD'' ®[≈VÏ
ÿ>V_ÔV©∏BÏ. ÷Á>•´V> ÂflE™VϬ˛MBÏ, E≈Õ>
gı\ÔM¶›m›>V[ nBD º>V[Æÿ\™ ∂§BVm
̧™VÏ.
WuÔ, >[\Ô^ ŒÚkÁ™¬ ÔV>o›>V_, ÿ√uº≈VÏ
∂k^ sÚ©√›]u˛∫zkÏ; ÷[º≈_ ∂©ÿ√ı clÁ´
90 gˆB\VÁB
s|kVº· >s´ ºkº≈VÏ g¶kÁ™ \™]_ WÁ™BV^.
g¶k–D ∂©√ΩºB. ®™ºk ÷´ıΩ¶›mD ƒ\\VF
Œ›> ÔV>ÈVF ÷Ú¬Ô ºkı|D. ÷ÚÕ>V_>V[, kVµ¬ÁÔ
ÿƒÀkº™ ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD. ÔV>ÈÏ >∫Ô”¬z^ xΩ° ÿƒFm
ÿÔVı¶VKD ÿ√uº≈VÏ ƒD\>D ÿ√uº≈ \©√Ï.
ƒD\>D ˛Á¶¬ÔVs‚¶V_ √È kalKD ÿ√≈ xB_kÏ.
÷›]Ú\D ÿ√ÚD√VKD \\Ô^ T‚Ω
ºÈºB ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD. ÷Àkw¬ÁÔ ÷[–D >tµÂV‚Ω_
ÔVÈVD. EÈ ƒ\BD ÿ√ıË[ ÿ√uº≈VÏ ƒD\>D
>´VsΩ_, ÷ÚkÚD ŒÚkÚ¬zÕ ÿ>ˆBVm T‚Á¶ ¿∫˛fl
ÿƒ_kmxı|. ∂©√Ω› >[ ÿ√ı ÿƒ[Æ s‚¶V_,
∂©ÿ√ıË[ >VF, ®∫z \\Ô[ T‚Ω_ ]Ú\D
¶Õms|º\V ®[Æ kÚÕmkV^. ∏[™Ï ∂kÏÔÁ·›
º>Ωfl ÿƒ[Æ ∂Áw›m kÕm \D xΩ©√VÏ.
∂¬ÔVÈ›]_ ®∫zD ä ∞[? ÷Á≈k–¬zD \¬Ô”¬zD
÷Á¶ºB ̶› >´ÔÏÔ^ ˛Á¶BVm. ÷Á¶¬ÔVÈfl ÁƒkD
̶ ÷]_ E§m \VÆ√‚¶m. g™V_ x[A
÷Á≈k–¬zD clϬzD ºÂº´ ÿ>V¶ÏA ÷ÚÕm
kÕ>º>ÿBVaB ÷Á¶l_ BVÚt_ÁÈ. ÷Õ>› ÿ>V¶ÏA
º√VÈ ÷ÚkÏ ÔV>KD #FÁ\BV™m.
""√V∫ÔÏ Wt›>D √[M´ıÿ¶[√'' ®[≈
ÂflE™VϬ˛MBÏ, √VÏ©√™› º>Vw[ cıÿ¶[Æ
ÌÆ˛≈VÏ. ÷m >kÆ. ÷[Æ \flƒ¶∫z ÿƒFBkÚD
√VÏ©√™[ º>Vw™V? ˛Á¶›>kuÁ≈ÿB_ÈVD ∂Ω›m¬
ÿÔVı¶_ÈkV º√V˛≈V[?
WuÔ, ÔV>ȈÚkÚD ŒÚkÁ´ÿBVÚkÏ sÚD∏B
∂[º≈ \D ¶Õm s|˛[≈m. g™V_ ÷kÏÔ^
\›]Á™ cÈÔ§Bfl ÿƒFBºk, √a ¿∫Ôºk, EÈ
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 91
ƒ¶∫zÔ^ kz›>™Ï. ∂m>V[ ""ÔV´D'' ®[√m.
÷©√ÁwB xÁ≈Ôπ_ ÷[–D EÈ ÂDtÁ¶ºB ÷ÚÕm
kÚ˛[≈™.
>V[ º>ΩB ÿ√VÚ·V_, >[ xBuEBV_ ÷_È≈D
ÂÁ¶ÿ√≈ ºkı|ÿ\™› >tw[ sÚD∏Bm º√VÈ
sÚÕm A≈Õ>Ú>_, ∂>Vkm sÚÕ]™Á´ c√ƒˆ›>KD
>twM[ E≈Õ> z\VzD.
÷M, ŒÚ ƒ\B›m ŒÚ √VÏ©√™© ÿ√ˆBVÏ, ""Hospital-
ity'' ®[√>uz› >ta_ ÿƒV_ ÷_ÁÈ. ®™ºk
"Hospitality">twÏÔ‚z ÷ÚÕ>º> ˛Á¶BVm ®[≈VÏ. ÂV[
c¶º™ ∂kÁ´© √VÏ›m, ""¿Ï >tÁw© √Ω›>mı¶V?
"ºk·VıÁ\' ®[≈ ÿƒV_ÁÈBVkm
ºÔ^s©√‚ΩÚ¬˛[S´V?'' ®[Æ Ô¶Vsº™[. ∂kÏ
sa›>VÏ. "">V·Vu§› >Õ> ÿ√VÚÿ·_ÈVD >¬ÔVϬz,
ºk·VıÁ\ ÿƒF>u ÿ√VÚ‚|'' (z≈^) ®[≈√Ω
∏≈Ú¬z c√ÔV´\VzD ÿ√VÚ‚º¶ kVµ√k[ >tw[,
m≈° ®[√ÿ>[™? ŒÚ z|D√›]_ \‚|D ∂[A
ÿƒK›]Bk[, cÈÔ›Á> ŒÚ z|D√\VÔ WÁ™›m
®_ºÈVˆ¶›mD ∂[A ÿƒK›mk>VzD. ÷m>V[
cıÁ\› m≈sl[ Ô¶Á\. >™¬ÿÔ™ kVwV©
∏≈ϬzˆBV·[ >tw[. "">™¬ÿÔ™ kVwV© ∏≈Ϭzˆ
BV·[ cıÁ\BV[. ÷À°ÈÔD cı|'' ®[Æ Ì§©
º√VÕ>VÏ >tµ©AÈkÏ ŒÚkÏ.
ÔV>_ ®[≈V_, c¶_ ∂>Vkm AÈ[ ÷[√›]_
>twÏÔ^ JµÔs_ÁÈ. ∂[Æ >twÏÔπ¶›]_
ÿÔV¬ºÔVÔD ˛Á¶BVm. ºÔkÈD ÿ\F cÏflEÁB
\‚|D >tw[ sÚD√s_ÁÈ. ŒÚ ÿ\Val_ ∂Á\Õm
˛¶¬zD ÿƒVuÔÁ· BVÚD \Vu≈ xΩBVm. Warm Recep-
92 gˆB\VÁB
tion ®[Æ g∫˛ÈÏ ÿƒV[™V_, ÂVD Cool Reception ®[Æ
>V[ Ì≈ ºkı|D.
√È ÿ\VaÔπKD ÷_ÈV> ŒÚ E≈©A ä >Mfl E≈©A ä
>tø¬zı|. cBÏ]Á ®[≈ ∏ˆ°¬ ÿÔV^ÁÔ,
>ta_>V[ cı|. ]ÁÿB[≈V_ Œø¬ÔD gzD.
]Á¬z ÷¶D ®™© ÿ√VÚ^ ÌÆkÏ ∂§s_ÈV>kÏÔ^.
∂ÔÿkVø¬ÔD A≈ÿkVø¬ÔD ®[√º> ∂Ô›]Á
A≈›]ÁBVzD. Œø¬ÔD ®[√m tÔ°D ÔΩ™\V™m.
sÚ©√D ÿƒ_KD ka ÿƒ_ÈVÁ\ºB Œø¬Ô\VzD.
∂>Vkm g^sÁ™ cÁ¶Á\BVzD. sÚ©√›Á>›
>Ë›m ∂§kV_ g”km ]‚¶D; ]ıÁ\ ®[ÆD
Ì≈ÈVD. ®™ºk ]ıÁ\ √u§› ]Á kÕ>º>V ®™
∂–\VM¬˛[º≈[.
WuÔ; gˆBD º√V[≈ ÿ\VaÔπ_ ÿ√ıÁ¬
z§¬ÔkÚD ŒÀÿkVÚ ÿƒV_KD ŒÚ √VÁȬz§¬zD.
>ta_ ∂©√Ωl_ÁÈ. ∞[? ÿ√VÚ^ ∂Ï›>D √u§©
ÿ√BÏ Ák©√m >tµxÁ≈. g≈§°Á¶Á\BV_ \M>[
cBÏÕ>k[. ®™ºk, cBÏ]ÁÿB[√m >kÆ. ∏[–D,
"º√∑D ]≈Á\ \M>–¬z \‚|Õ >V[ cı|. g>o[
\M>Á™ cBÏ]Á' ®[≈VÏ º>VwÏ ÷´V.
÷´VÔkFB∫ÔVÏ. ÷Á>•D ÂV[ \Ƭ˛º≈[. ÂVD
\‚|Õ>V[ º√∑˛º≈V\V? ®ÆDA ̶›>V[ º√∑˛≈m.
Â\¬z© AˆBVÁ\BV_, ∂Ák º√ƒs_ÁÈ ®[Æ Ì§s¶
xΩ•\V?
®™ºk Œø¬ÔxÁ¶Á\>V[ \M>Á™ cBÏ›m˛[≈m.
sÚDA˛≈√Ω º√VÔV\_ ∂§kV_ \™Á> ŒÚ ka
WÆ›>ºÈ Œø¬ÔxÁ¶Á\. ÷m \¬Ô”¬z› >V[ cı|.
®™ºk, cBÏÕ> Œø¬Ô›Á> cÁ¶Bm cBÏ]Á
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 93
BVluÆ. ∂‡§ÁÿB[≈V_, ÷aÕ> ]Ál_ÁÈ;
]Ál_ÈV>m. (Œø¬Ô\u≈m ®[Æ ÿ√VÚ^)
∂_ä]Á ∂‡§ÁBVzD.
g™V_ ŒÚk[, \¬Ô^ º>kÏ, ´ÔÏ cBÏ]Á
®[≈V[. ÿ>V_ÔV©∏Bº´V "cBÏ]ÁÿB[\™VÏ
\¬Ô‚ ∑‚º¶' ®[≈VÏ. Œø¬Ô›Á> cÁ¶B
\¬Ôÿ·_ÈVD cBÏ]Á. ∂_ÈV>m \¬Ôº·BVl–D
∂‡§Ál[√Vu ºƒÏ¬Ô©√¶ ºkıΩBkº´, ""\¬Ôº·
º√V_kÏ ÔBkÏ ∂k´[™ Œ©√VÁ´ BVD Ôı¶]_''
(z≈^) ®[≈s¶›m, Œø¬Ô cÏflE ÷_ÈV>kÏÔÁ·¬
ÔBkÏ ®[˛≈VÏ. º\KD, ""º>k´Á™BÏ ÔBkÏ
∂kÚÕ>VD º\k™ ÿƒFÿ>VøÔÈV['' ®[≈s¶›m,
÷ÚkÚ¬zD Œø¬Ôÿ\[√º> ˛Á¶BVm; \™D º√V™
º√V¬˛_ º√V˛[≈kÏÔ^ ®[˛≈VÏ. ÷Õ>› º>kÁ™ ŒÚ
\Á¶B[ cBÏ]Á ®[˛≈V[. ®™ºk, ÿ>V[Æ
ÿ>V‚|› >tw[ Œø¬Ô›Á>s¶V>k[. "Œø¬ÔD
clˆ–D {D√©√|D' ®[√m >tw[ ÿÔV^ÁÔ. ®Àka
ºÂV¬˛–D, gˆB ÂVÔˆÔxD >twÏ ÂVÔˆÔxD
Œ[§uÿÔV[Æ \VÆ√‚¶m.
>tw[, ∂≈D ºkÆ ÷[√D ºkÆ ®™ WÁ™©√k™_
È[. ÷ÚkÏ, ÔV>ÈV_ ∂≈›Á>¬ ÁÔ©∏Ω›m ÷[√›m¶[
kVµ√kÏ >twÏ.
ƒˆ> g>V´∫ÔÁ·•D ƒV[º≈VÏ ÿ\VaÔÁ·•D
EÕÁ>•‚ÿÔVı|, ʈB xÁ≈lºÈ ∑B\ˆBVÁ> cÏ
°¶[ Û‚∑\›Á>› ÿ>ˆÕmÿÔVı|, ÿƒVÕ> sÚ©A
ÿkÆ©AÔÁ· \Vu§fl ºƒVÏs[§© √ËAˆºkVÚ¬z,
WflƒB\VÔ gˆB \VÁBloÚÕm >VD sÈÔ°D, ∏≈Á´
sÈÔfl ÿƒFB°D ka ∏≈Õº> yÚD. ∂Á™kÚD Œ[Æ
94 gˆB\VÁB
®[Æ ∂wÔVÔ¬ ̧s‚|, ∂ΩÁ\Ô·VÔ ÂDÁ\ g¬˛
Ák›]|km gˆBD. ∂´ƒÏÔÁ· gıΩÔ·V¬˛BmD,
g|, \V|Ô”¶[ kÕº>VÚ¬z T|kVƒ_ >Õm
\u≈kÚ¬z¬ ºÔ| ÿƒF•D J¶\]lÁ™©
¨¶º\u§BmD, gˆBD, Ôu√Á™ÁB ª‚Ω¬ ÔÚ›]ºÈ
mÈ∫zD ∂§sÁ™ Œ‚Ω© √w∫zΩ \¬ÔÁ· kV‚Ω©
√VÏ©√ÃBD ®–D ÿ√V§lºÈ >twÁ´ \V‚ΩBm
gˆBD. ∂Õ> gˆBD º>kÁ™fl ƒV‚E¬z ÷ø¬zD!
\Õ]´D ̧ \¬ÔÁ· t´‚|D! \ÔVº>k[ Ô‚¶Á·
®™¬ ̧ \B¬zD! \‚¶u≈ \¶Á\›>™›]ºÈ \¬ÔÁ·
∂øÕ>fl ÿƒFm Ôπ¬zD! sÁ·WÈ›m¬ ÔÁ·º√VÈ›
>twÔ›]ºÈ º>V[§, TÆÿÔVıº¶VÁ´ sDt¶fl
ÿƒFms‚¶mD gˆBº\! º>V^ >‚Ω \VÏ>‚Ω, kVµÕ>
\≈›>twÁ™ ÷[Æ klÿ≈V‚Ω¬ Ô[™›º> za>‚Ω©
√‚ΩMl_ kVøD √V\´V™V¬˛BmD gˆBº\!
∂∏Á™¬ ÿÔV|›m c¶ÁȬÿÔ|›m© ∏[™Ï ∂Àk∏[
˛Á¶¬ÔVs‚¶V_ ®Á>¬ ÿÔV|›º>–D ∂º> ∂∏Á™©
ÿ√uº≈ y´ ºkıΩB ºÔkÈ\V™ WÁȬz¬
ÿÔVı|k´©√‚¶kÏÔ^ º√VÈ, gˆBD Á√B© Á√B›
>[ ÂfiEÁ™ ª‚Ω› >twÁ™fl ÿƒBÈu≈k™V¬˛
s‚¶m. gˆB¬ÔÁÈ >tµ ÷™©√ıÁ√ ∂a›>m.
gˆBD ºkÆ >tµ ºkÆ ®[√>uz ÷flEÆ ±oºÈ
g´VFflEBV·ÏÔπ[ ÿ\VaÔÁ·› >Õm^º·[.
gˆB›][ º>Vu≈D k·ÏflE √u§B z§©AD ÿ√V§›m^
º·[. ÷m ŒÚ √wD ÿ√ÚÁ\ kVFÕ> ÷™D. ºkuÆ
÷™›][ ÿk^·V‚ΩBV˛¬ ˛¶©√m ƒˆBV? >tµ ÷™
T´ÏÔº·! >[\V™› y´ÏÔº·! kos_ÈV>k[ ko•^·
kÁ™ ∂¶¬˛B sÕÁ>ÁB© √VZÏ! ÷Õ>¬ ºÔkÈ WÁÈÁB
\Vu§ ∂Á\©√Á>ºB c\m kVµ¬ÁÔl[ z§¬ºÔV·VÔ¬
ÿÔVı| √ËAˆB x[ kVZÏ ®[Æ ∂Áw¬˛º≈[.
∂§QÏ ∂ıV 95
gˆB´Vkm ]´Vs¶´Vkm ®[Æ º√E|D ∂§so
Ô·V™VKD ƒˆºB. gˆBÁ´ ®[™ ÿƒFB xΩ•D
®[ÆÁ´›]|D gk¬ÔV´´Vl–D ƒˆºB, gkm
Œ[ÆD ÷_ÁÈ ÂD\V_ ®[Æ º√E|D gıÁ\Bu≈
k´Vl–fi ƒˆºB, gˆB \VÁBl[ g]ÂV^ k´ÈVÆ
√u§•D, k·ÏflE √u§•D kÁ´B©√‚|^·
∂§°Á´Ô‚z, ºÂˆB xÁ≈lºÈ ʈB √]KÁ´¬Ô x[
kÚkV´V ®[Æ ºÔ‚˛º≈[. \u≈kˆ[ \™©º√V¬z©
√u§› >tµ ÷Á·QÏÔ^ c∫Ô‚z¬ ÔkÁÈ ºkı¶VD.
gˆB›Á>¬ z§›m ÷∫z ]´‚Ω› ÿ>Vz›m›
>´©√‚|^· s≠B∫ÔÁ·fl ƒuº≈ ÿ√VÆÁ\•¶[,
∂¬ÔÁ≈•¶[ EÕ]›m ŒÚ xΩsuz kVÚ∫Ô^.
TµflE•u≈ ÷™›]Á™¬ ÔV©√Vu≈ TÆ ÿÔVı¶
÷Á·QÏÔº· º>Ák. sÈV ŒΩÕ> T´_È!
÷Ál_ÈV> T´›m¶[ kVµÕm kÕ> ÷™›]K^·
T´ÏÔº·! ®|©√VÏ ÁÔ©∏^Á·BVF ÷Ú¬ÔÈV\V?
÷\B›]ºÈ Ao¬ÿÔVΩ ÿ√V§›> ÔˆÔVÈ[ka kÕ> ÂVD
÷>B›]ºÈ Ûº> W´D∏B gˆB›]¶D ∂Ω√Ëkm
ºÔ‚¶V_ cÈz ÂÁÔBVº>V? ºƒ´[ AÔµ, Ô™ÔsƒBˆ[
ÿƒ[MlºÈ Ûº¶u§B>VD. ∂ÁÈÔÁ· gÈk‚¶\VÔ¬
ÿÔVı|, \´¬ÔÈ›Á> g‚E ¨¶\VÔ¬ ÿÔVı|, ∂fiƒV
ÿÂfi∑¶[ ∂´ºƒVflEB ÷´VºƒÕ]´M[ ÿ√BÁ´¬ Ì≈°D
cˆÁ\ ÷_ÈV>k´Vº™VD! ªÁ\Ô·Vº™VD, zÚ¶´V
º™VD, ∂ΩÁ\BVº™VD! ÿ√V[ ŒÚA≈xD, \Ë
\uÿ≈VÚ A≈xD ]Ôw© Ø∫ÔVsºÈ #∫ÔV s·¬ÿÔ™
Œπs| ÔıÔ”¶[ {Ω sÁ·BVΩB z\ˆÔ^, \Ë ®™
s·∫˛™´VD ÷∫z! T´ˆ[ ºko[ Œπ•D, ºk_
saBVˆ[ A[™ÁÔ© √VxD Œ[Á≈ÿBV[Æ ®]Ï›
]|D \V¶ElÁ™› ]≈D√¶ cÁ´›]|D ÂVkÈÏ Â¶
96 gˆB\VÁB ∂§QÏ ∂ıV
\VΩB ÂV‚ΩºÈ, ÷[Æ ºƒVÆ ÷_ÁÈ. ºƒVÆ ÷_ÁÈ
®[Æ ∂øD ºk>Á™ ÿkı√Vºk tzÕ]¶¬
ÔVı˛º≈VD. \V¶\VπÁÔ \ıº\¶V˛ s‚¶m; \]
ÿÔ‚¶>V_ Â\m W] ÿÔ‚¶m; Ô] ÿÔ‚¶m. ƒ]ÔV´Ï
s‚¶ ƒ´∫Ô^ Â\m clÁ´› mÁ¶›]¶¬ ÔVı˛º≈VD.
®[º™ ÂDWÁÈ! ∞º™V ÷[™xD ÂD\kÚ¬z›
ÿ>ˆBs_ÁÈ gˆB›][ kÁÈ!
""∂˛KD º>¬zD ∂aBV¬ z[≈D
∂wÔVF x›m¬ zs•D Ô¶_Ô^
x˛KD ÿƒÕÿÂKD xw∫zD Â[ÿƒF
x_ÁȬ ÔV| \¬zD ÂV|''
Â\m >twÔD! x_ÁȬÔV| ÷[Æ x‚A>´V˛¬
˛¶¬˛≈m! *ı|D >twÔD Ø∫ÔVkVÔ ºkı|D. gˆB
\VÁBloÚÕm s|√‚¶ ∂[º≈ ∂§BVÁ\loÚÕm ÂD
\¬Ô^ s|√|kÏ! gıÁ\ ÿ√ÆkÏ! cÈ˛[ ∂ËBVkÏ!
gˆBD ŒÚ \VÁB ®[√Á> s·¬Ô ∂§QÏÔ^ >Õm^·
∂ˆB cıÁ\ÔÁ·¬ ÔVıt[! ∏≈Ú¬z¬ ÌÆt[!
∂≈©º√VÏ ÿ>V|t[! ÿku§ Â\º>!
xuÆD.