You are civil engineering student!

“Make studying a regular habit”.

“Ayaw cgeg pangopya kay nag engineering man ka.”
“Make yourself a professional Civil Engineer”.

TOPICS FOR FINAL TERM QUIZZES AND EXAMS

1. DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
1.1 DEFLECTION OF BEAMS USING DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD
1.2 DEFLECTION OF BEAMS USING MOMENT AREA METHOD
1.3 DEFLECTION OF BEAM USING CONJUGATE METHOD
1.4 DEFLECTION OF BEAM USING ENERGY-WORK METHOD
1.5 DEFLECTION OF BEAMS USING SUPERPOSITION METHOD

1.1 DEFLECTION OF BEAMS USING DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

Pag mu agi gani ka sa tulay tas nagdala ka ug 17 tons na truck, gelukdo mo for
example, ang Beam sa tulay is mag deflect na tungod sa ka heavy sa imong lawas ug
sa imong gidala. Ginaconsider pud dapat ang deflection sa pag design sa beam. Unsa
man nang deflection mga igsoon ko? Ang deflection is distance gikan sa neutral axis sa
beam nga wala pa ni deflect to the neutral axis sa beam nga ni deflect na tungod sa
kabughaton sa load. Kung naglibog ka tan.awa nalang ang figure 6-1sa green na libro
ni Pytel ug paki.basa nalang pud sa 6-2 na statement.
EIy’’ = M = MOMENT (in kN.m)

EIy’ = integral of EIy” = slope equation of elastic curve (N.m^2) ( see figure 6-1) ; where y’
= slope
Dapat ang unit sa slope is radian. Nganung radian man? Kay tungod ang unit sa EI is
N.m^2. Both sides sa slope equation naay N.m^2. Therefore cancel lang ang show,
unitless murag imong ex wala nay value. Ayaw cgeg chat sa iya! Maglagot sad ta.
EIy = integral of EIy’ = Equation of elastic curve; where y is the deflection at a certain
distance X in the beam

Ang unit sa deflection is (meter, mm, in, etc.) basta unit of legth
MOMENT = f(X); moment is a function of X, where X is the distance from the left end of
the beam to the point of cut section. “sabta lang ni”

Pag mag cut gani ka, dapat didto lang sa last segment sa beam or last interval loading.
“only one cut within the total length of beam”
Procedure to obtain the elastic equation ( EIy)

1. Solve the external reactions at the support

 2. Solve the moment equation from point of cutting
3. Integrate the moment equation or EIy” to obtain EIy’
4. Integrate the slope equation or EIy’ to obtain EIy
5. Solve constant C1 and C2 (use boundary conditions in solving constant C1 and C2)

Example 1:

From figure shown,

1. Determine EIy”, EIy’ and EIy.

Step 1. Solve the external reactions at the support

∑M at point D = 0
RA(5) = 0.5(3) + 0.45(2)(1)
RA = 0.48 KN
RD = 0.92 kN

Step 2: Solve the moment equation from point of cutting

∑M at point of cut = 0
M - RA(X) + 0.5(X-2) + 0.45(X-3)(X-3)/2 = 0
M = 0.48X - 0.5(X-2) - 0.45(X-3)2/2 ans.

Step3: Integrate the moment equation or EIy” to obtain EIy’

EIy” = M = 0.48X - 0.5(X-2) - 0.45(X-3)2/2

EIy’ =∫(0.48𝑋 − 0.5(𝑋 − 2) − 0.45(𝑋 − 3)2 /2) 𝑑𝑥
0.45(𝑋−3)3
EIy’ = 0.24𝑋 2 − 0.25(𝑋 − 2)2 − 6
+ C1

Step 4: Integrate the slope equation or EIy’ to obtain EIy

 EIy = ∫(𝐸𝐼𝑦’) 𝑑𝑥

0.45(𝑋 − 3)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = ∫ (0.24𝑋 2 − 0.25(𝑋 − 2)2 − + 𝐶1) 𝑑𝑥
6

0.24𝑋 3 0.25(𝑋−2)3 0.45(𝑋−3)4

𝐸𝐼𝑦= − − + 𝐶 1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
3 3 24

5. Solve constant C1 and C2 (use boundary conditions in solving constant C1 and

C 2)
Boundary conditions:

When X = 0; y = 0; take note of this na walay deflection dapat sa support

0.24𝑋 3 0.25(𝑋−2)3 0.45(𝑋−3)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦= 3
− 3
− 24
+ 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 equation 5

. : EI(0) = 0 - 0 -0 + C1(0) + C2

. : C2 = 0

Siguro mangutana ka nganu man ang second term ug third term sa equation 5 is zero
na dili man dapat pag e.subtitute ang value sa X na zero.

Answer in english: the terms between parenthesis do not exist when its value is
negative.
Example, x-2: if x = 0

0-2 = -2 (. : this term does not exist)

0.25(𝑋−2)3 0.45(𝑋−3)4
3
=0, and 18
=0

For C1, use also the boundary condition that is,

when x = 5, y = 0
0.24(5)3 0.25(5−2)3 0.45(5−3)4
𝐸𝐼(0)= − − + 𝐶1 (5) + 0
3 3 24

. : C1 = -1.49 kN.m3
0.45(𝑋−3)3
EIy’ = (0.24𝑋 2 − 0.25(𝑋 − 2)2 − − 1.49) 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚^2 answer
6

0.24𝑋 3 0.25(𝑋−2)3 0.45(𝑋−3)4

𝐸𝐼𝑦= ( − − − 1.49𝑥) kN.m^3 answer!
3 3 24