STS REVIEWER Some Intellectuals and their
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY
Intellectual revolution that defined society
 Science is as old as the world itself.
 There is no individual that can exactly
identify when and where it began.
How can science be defined?
 Science as an idea.
 Science as an intellectual activity.
 Science as a body of knowledge.
 Science as a personal and social activity.
Scientific Revolution
 The idea of scientific revolution It is
claimed to have started in the early
16th to 18th century in Europe.
 In Europe because the invention of the
printing machine and the blooming
intellectual activities done in various
places of learning and growing number
of scholars in various fields of human
interest.
 Science is foreign idea transported from
other areas of the globe.
 A period of enlightenment when the
development in the fields of
mathematics, physics, astronomy,
biology, and chemistry transformed the
views of the society about nature.
 Scientific revolution was the golden age
for people committed to scholarly life in
science.
 It led to their painful death or
condemnation from the religious
institution.
 Religious leaders did not accept the
early works of the scientist.
 Scientific revolution is very significant in
the development of human beings,
transformation
Revolutionary Ideas
 Scientists are driven by their curiosity,
critical thinking, and creativity to
explore the physical and natural world.
 The love for science is driven by their
deep passion to know and to discover
 This led to science discoveries and
technology
3 notable scientist
1. Nicolaus Copernicus- Heliocentric
Theory placed the sun to be the
centerpiece of the universe
-renaissance men, in the field of science
-thought experiment
-interest in astronomy
-influenced by the book Epitome 1496
by german author Johannes mueller.
2. Ptolemy of Alexandria-Geocentric
Theory
3. Charles Darwin-Theory of Evolution
 The Origin of Species in 1589 The
Descent of Man.
 English Biologist, Naturalist, and
Geologist
 Researched Natural Selection
 Social Darwinism
 Galapagos Island
 HMS Beagle
Sigmund Freud- Psychology
Psychoanalysis
Psychosexual
Dream Theories Oral Fixation Unconscious Mind
CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
MESOAMERICA
 MAYA CIVILIZATION
 Famous civilizations that lasted for
approximately 2000 years
 Astronomy Technology in Growing
Crops
 Temples and other religious structures
 Pyramid in Chichen itza in Mexico
 Weaving cloth glittery paints made from
a mineral called mica
 Believed to be the first people to
produce rubber products 3000 years
before goodyear received its patient in
1844
 Complicated calendar system
 Most Advanced Society in Mesoamerica
 Mayan Hieroglyphics
 Math and Number System
 Scientifically advanced societies in
Mesoamerica
 Famous as one of the first civilization to
use a writing system known as the
mayan hieroglyphics
 Skilled in mathematics and created a
number system based on the number
20
 Developed the concept of zero and
positional value, even before the
romans did
INCA CIVILIZATION
 Irrigation System
 First suspension bridge
 Roads paved with stones
 Calendar
 Textiles
 Old civilization
 Quipu a system of knotted ropes to
keep records that only expert can
interpret
AZTEC CIVILIZATION
 Chocolates – valued the cacao beans
highly and made it as part of their
tribute to their god
 Mandatory Education
 Aztec Calendar
 Antispasmodic Medication
 Invention of the Canoe
 Chinampa technology for
agricultural farming
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA
INDIA
 Medicine
 Astronomy
 Mathematics
 Trigonometry and Algebra
 Manufacturing Iron and in Metallurgy
works
 ayurveda system of traditional medicine
ancient text like the susruta Samhita
describes different surgical and other
medical procedure
 sama 2008 noted that their interest
in astronomy was also evident in the
first 12 chapters of the siddhanta
shiromani written in the 12th
century.
 Indus valley civilization
 Mohenjo-daro ruler
 Mathematician Aryabhata.
Aryabhatiya
 Madhaya of sangamagrama founder
of mathematical analysis
CHINA
 Science
 Medicine
 Astronomy
 Mathematics
 Arts, Philosophy, and Music
 Chinese known for traditional
medicines a product of centuries of
experiences and discovery of the
Chinese people
 Acupuncture
 Gunpowder
 Papermaking
 Compass
 Printing Tools
 Iron plough, wheelbarrow and propeller
 Zhonggno ke xue yuan 1983
seismological detector
 Seismology
 
MIDDLE EAST
 Islam in the 7th and 8th centuries, a
period of muslim scholarship or
what is called golden age of islam
lasted until the 13th century.
 Byzantine empire
 Muslim scientist named Ibn al-
Haytham regarded as the father of
optics
 Mathematician Muhammad ibn
musa al-khwarizmi
 Jabir ibn hayyan father of chemistry
 Ibn sina pioneered the science of
experimental medicine and was the
first physician to conduct clinical
trials – book of healing and the
canon of medicine
 Clinical Pharmacology
 Chemistry
 Algebra
 Arabic Numeral System
 Philosophy
 Astronomy
 Mathematics
 The decline of this golden age of
islam started in the 11th to 13th
century due to the conquest of the
mongols whereby libraries
 Social Sciences
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA
AFRICA
 Medicine
 Astronomy
 Mathematics
 Development of geometry
 Rules of geometry
 Center of alchemy
 Medieval forerunner of chemistry
Pyramids
 Lunar, Solar, and Stellar Calendar
 Metallurgy
 Human Anatomy and Pharmacology
 Metallurgy was also known in the
African regions during the ancient
times. Developments during the
bronze age until the iron age.
Science, Technology,
and Nation-Building
Brief Historical Background
of Science and Technology in the
Philippines
PRE -SPANISH ERA
 Science in pre-Spanish Philippines,
 is embedded in the way of life of the
people.
 Planting Crops
 Taking Care of Animals
 Food Production
 Agricultural Purposes
 Medicinal Plants
 Technology is used by people in
building houses, irrigations, and in
developing tools that they can use in
everyday life.
The Spanish Era
 The Spaniards brought their cultures
and practices
 Schools for Boys and Girls
 The beginning of formal sciences
and technology in the country
 Human Body
 Plants
 Animals
 Heavenly Bodies
 House Tools
Modern Spanish Era
 Adapted Western technology
 Filipinos developed
technologies
 using indigenous materials
 Medicine and Advanced
Science
 Catholic Universities
 The Galleon Trade brought
additional
 technology in the Philippines.
 Ideas, crops, tools, and
cultural practices
 Ilustrados
American Period
 Americanized
 Reorganized the Learning of
 Science
 Public and Private School
 Science Education
 Nature Studies, Science, and
Sanitation
 Basic Education
 Nature Studies, Science, and
Sanitation
 Higher Education
 Research
 Malaria
 Cholera
 Tuberculosis
 Tropical Diseases
 American Scholars
 New Knowledge and
Technology in the Country
 Protestant Church builds
hospitals and schools
 The americans have more
influence in the development
of science and technology in
the Philippines compared to
the spaniards
World War II
 Destablized the development
of the country
 Institutions and Public
Facilities were destroyed
 Limited Capacity to Rebuild
the Country
Science and Technology in
the Philippines
 Internal Influences Lilian formalejo patena
Survival, Culture, Economic plant biotechnology
Activities
Agapito Flores
External Influences Florescent Light
Foreign Colonizers, Trades
with Foreign Countries
International Economic Roberto Del Rosario
Demands
Karaoke Sing Along System
Famous Filipinos in the Field
of Science
Eduardo San Juan
Ramon Cabanos Barba Luna Rover
Research on Tissue Culture in
University of the Philippines Los Baños
Philippine Mangoes
 Agriculture
Josefino Cacas Comiso  Forestry
Works in Observing the  Plant and Animal Sciences
Characteristics of Antartica  Veterinary Science

Jose bejar cruz jr.

known internationally in the University of the Philippines Visayas
field of electrical
engineering. Was elected as  Marine Science
officer of the famous  Fisheries
institute of electrical and University of the Philippines Manila
electronic engineering
 Public Health Medicine
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz University of the Philippines Diliman
Research on Sea Snail Venom
 National Science and Engineering
Fabian Millar Dayrit
Research on Herbal Medicine

Rafael Dineros Guerrero III

Research on Tilapia Culture
Dr. Fe del Mundo
Incubator