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Cavite State University shall provide
The premier university in excellent, equitable and relevant educational
historic Cavite recognized for Republic of the Philippines opportunities in the arts, science and
excellence in the development CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY technology through quality instruction and
of globally competitive and
CCAT CAMPUS relevant research and development activities.
morally upright individuals. It shall produce professional, skilled and
Rosario, Cavite morally upright individuals for global
competitiveness.

DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER EDUCATION

LESSON PLAN IN PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

I. OBJECTIVES

 Identify geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary

history from pre-colonial to contemporary and representative texts from the
regions;
 Explain the significant features of the various literacy pieces from different
periods;
 Inculcate value, awareness of and appreciation for a Filipino literacy legacy;
 Identify the different mythical creatures in Philippine Mythology;
 Describe the characteristics of the deities in Philippine Mythology;
 Appreciate the significance of the Philippine Mythology.

II. SUBJECT MATTER:

TOPIC: PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

COURSE TITLE: WORLD LITERATURE

RESOURCES: Chua, R. G. (2016). 21st Century Literature from the Philippines

and the World. Makati City: DIWA Learning Systems

Alvarado P.P (2014). Philippine Folk Literature: word press

MATERIALS: Laptop, Powerpoint Presentation, Paper, Pen.

VALUES: creativity, literary appreciation skills and literary competence

III. PROCEDURE

A. ROUTINARY ACTIVITIES:
 Prayer
 Greetings
 Reminders

B. MOTIVATION
Answer the following riddles.
1. “Kung kalian mo pinatay, saka pa humaba ang buhay”
2. “Dalawang batong itim, malayo ang nararating.”
3. “Ako ay may kaibigan, kasama ko kahit saan.”
4. “Hindi pari, hindi hari, nagsusuot ng sari-sari.”
5. “Mataas kung nakaupo, mababa kung nakatayo.

C. ACTIVITY: Observe the following pictures.

1. Describe the following pictures.

2. Identify the element of each literary piece.
 D. ANALYSIS
1. How do you believe literature can help you to get familiar with a culture?
2. Why is Philippine literature important in our lives?

E. ABSTRACT

What is Philippine Literature?

is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-side with the country’s
history. Literature
had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the
arrival of Spanish
influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre-
colonial cultural traditions
and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.
is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-side with the country’s
history. Literature
had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the
arrival of Spanish
influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre-
colonial cultural traditions
and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.
is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-side with the country’s
history. Literature
had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the
arrival of Spanish
influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre-
colonial cultural traditions
and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.
is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-side with the country’s
history. Literature
had started with fables and legends made by the ancient Filipinos long before the
arrival of Spanish
influence. The main themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre-
colonial cultural traditions
and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.
Philippine Literature is a diverse and rich group of works that has evolved side-by-
side with the country’s history. Literature had started with fables and legends made
by the ancient Filipinos long before the arrival of Spanish influence. The main
themes of Philippine literature focus on the country’s pre-colonial cultural traditions
and the socio-political histories of its colonial and contemporary traditions.

General Types of Literature

Literature can generally be divided into two types;
prose and poetry.
Prose consists of those written within the common flow of conversation in sentences
and paragraphs,
while poetry refers to those expressions in verse, with measure and rhyme, line and
stanza and has a
more melodious tone.
PROSE
There are many types of prose. These include the following:
a. Novels. A long narrative divided into chapters and events are taken from true-to-
life stories.
Example: WITHOUT SEEING THE DAWN by Stevan Javellanab.
b. Short story. This is a narrative involving one or more characters, one plot and one
single impression.
Example: THE LAUGHTER OF MY FATHER by Carlos Bulosan
c. Plays. This is presented on a stage, is divided into acts and each act has many
scenes.
Example: THIRTEEN PLAYS by Wilfredo M.Guerrero
d. Legends. These are fictitious narratives, usually about origins.
Example: THE BIKOL LEGEND by Pio Duran
e. Fables. These are also fictitious and they deal with animals and inanimate things
who speak and act
like people and their purpose is to enlighten the minds of children to events that can
mold their ways
and attitudes.
Example: THE MONKEY AND THE TURTLE
g. Essay. This expresses the viewpoint or opinion of the writer about a particular
problem or event. The
best example of this is the Editorial page of a newspaper.
PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE - is characterized by:
 Folk tales. These are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror,
and humor where one can derive lessons about life. An example of this is
THE MOON AND THE SUN.
 The Epic Age. Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic
achievements or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.
 Folk Songs. These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that
emerged in the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of
culture. Many of these have 12syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman,
Kumintang o Tagumpay, Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana,
Soliraning and Talindaw.

Understanding Literary History

Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular
prose and poetry.
 Spanish Influences On Philippine Literature
The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman
alphabet. Also, the teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of
 religious practices. European legends and traditions brought here became
assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
 Folk Songs
It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate
appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta,
Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing.
 Recreational Plays
There are many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish
times. Almost all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan,
Salubong and Zarzuela.

PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1972- 1898)

In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to

write about the hitch of colonization.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) - This movement was spearheaded
mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar;
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban,
and Pedro Paterno.
 Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La
Indolencia Delos Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De Cien Aňos.
 Some of Del Pilar’s writings: Pagibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Love of Country),
Kaingat Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes).
 Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the
Friar). and Everything Is Hambug (Everything is mere show), Sa Mga
Pilipino...1891), and Talumpating Pagunita Kay Kolumbus (An Oration to
Commemorate Columbus).
THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)

Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language.

Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse.
Characteristics of Literature during this period:
The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of
the different regions, but the writers in Tagalog continued in their lamentations
on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s
native tongue and the writers in English imitated the themes and methods of
the Americans.

THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)

Between 1941-1945, Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when

another foreign country, Japan, conquered the Philippines. Philippine literature in
English came to a halt. Except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW,
almost all news-papers in English were stopped by the Japanese.
  Filipino Poetry During This Period
The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.
 Three types of poems emerged during this period:
a. Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines and
b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme.
c. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)

Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and
publishing of works in English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark
period. For the first twenty years, many books were published both in Filipino and in
English.

In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this
period. Most themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life
under the Japanese government, and the brave guerilla exploits.

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)

According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and
worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms.
The Literary Revolution
The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change in
the government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk
expressions but also in literature.

PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)

The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca
Awards continued to give annual awards. Poems dealt with patience, regard for
native culture, customs, and the beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers
donned new forms.
News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like were favored
more than the sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and robberies. Filipinos
before were hooked in reading magazines and comics.

PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)

After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino, which
started under the New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981.
The Philippines became a new nation, and this; former President Marcos called “The
New Republic of the Philippines.” Poems during this period of the Third Republic
were romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino songs dealt with themes that were
true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of country
and fellowmen.

POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)

History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their
independence, which they lost twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25,
1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng Bayan) prevailed. In the short span of
the existence of the real Republic of the Philippines, several changes already
became evident. It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches,
and even in the television programs. The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an
overnight increase in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S
JOURNAL.

21st CENTURY PERIOD

The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the need and tastes of the
new generation. 21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete
with the style and format of writing as well. New codes or lingos are used to add
flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.

PHILIPPINE MYTHOLOGY

Philippine Mythology is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the

traditional oral literature of the Filipino people. This refers to a wide range of material
due to the ethnic mix of the Philippines. Each unique ethnic group has its own stories
and myths to tell.

PHILIPPINE PANTHEON. The stories of ancient Philippine mythology include

deities, creation stories, mythical creatures, and beliefs.

The prevalence of belief in the figures of Filipino mythology is strong in the

provinces. Many common folk attribute psychological problems to these superstitions
and considered significant for psychologists in understanding the Filipino psyche.

1. BATHALA - king of the gods, ruler of the heavens, creator of humanity.

2. Amanikable – The ill-tempered god of the sea because among of the first
generation gods (aside from Bathala).
3. Idiyanale – The goddess of labor and good deeds. Natives used to call for
her guidance in order to make their works successful.
4. Dimangan – The god of good harvest. He was married to Idiyanale and
had two offspring.
 5. Lakapati – The goddess of fertility and the most understanding and kind of
all the deities. Also known as Ikapati, she was the giver of food and
prosperity. Her best gift to mankind was agriculture (cultivated fields).
6. Mapulon – The god of seasons and husband of Lakapati of whom they
had a daughter.
7. Mayari – The goddess of the moon and one of the three daughters of
Bathala by a mortal woman.
8. Tala – The goddess of the stars; sister of Mayari and Hanan and one of
the three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
9. Hanan – The goddess of morning; sister of Mayari and Tala and one of the
three daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.
10. Dumakulem – The strong, agile guardian of mountains and the son of
Idiyanale and Dimangan. His sister was Anitun Tabu. He later married
Anagolay.

Ancient Bikolano Deities

1. The list includes the deities of Ancient Bikolanos living in Ibalon (present Bicol
Region).
2. Gugurang – The supreme god who dwells inside of Mount Mayon where he
guards and protects the sacred fire in which Aswang, his brother was trying to
steal. Whenever people disobey his orders, wishes and commit numerous
sins, he would cause Mount Mayon to burst lava as a sign of warning for
people to mend their crooked ways. Ancient Bikolanos had a rite performed
for him called Atang.
3. Aswang – The evil god who always try to steal the sacred fire of Mount Mayon
from his brother, Gugurang. Addressed sometimes as Asuang, he dwells
mainly inside Mount Malinao. As an evil god, he would cause the people to
suffer misfortunes and commit sins.
4. Haliya – The masked goddess of the moon and the arch-enemy of Bakunawa.
Her cult is composed primarily of women. There is also a ritual dance named
after her as it is performed to be a counter-measure against Bakunawa.
5. Bulan- The god of the pale moon, he is depicted as a pubescent boy with
uncommon comeliness that made savage beast and the vicious mermaids
(Magindara) tame.
6. Magindang- The god of the sea and all its creatures, pursued the lunar god
Bulan and the reason is to why the waves rise to reach moon.
7. Bakunawa – A gigantic sea serpent deity who is often considered as the
cause of eclipses. As the devourer of the sun and the moon, this serpent
became an adversary of Haliya.

Ancient Visayan Deities

 This section includes the deities of the Visayans from a certain
pantheon story.
1. Maguayan – The god of the sea. He had a daughter named Lidagat.
2. Lihangin – The god of the wind and the son of Kaptan. He later married
Lidagat and had four children.
3. Lidagat – The goddess of the sea, daughter of Maguayan. She later married
Lihangin and had four children.
4. Likabutan – The god of the world and the eldest children of Lihangin and
Lidagat.
5. Liadlaw – The god of the sun and the second children of Lihangin ang
Lidagat.
6. Libulan – The god of the moon and the third children of Lihangin and Lidagat.
7. Lisuga – The goddess of the stars. She was the youngest children of Lihangin
and Lidagat. The deity in which Silalak and Sibabay came from.

F. APPLICATION: Who’s Who?

Direction: Identify the author of the following literary pieces written by the Illustrados.
Write the letter of your correct answer.

A. Jose Rizal B.Marcelo H. Del Pilar C. Graciano Lopez Jaena

1. Sa Mga Pilipino -C
2. Mi Ultimo Adios -A
3. Filipinas Dentro De Cien Años -A
4. Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa -B
5. La Hija del Fraile –C
6. El Filibusterismo –A
7. Kaingat Kayo –B
8. Ang Fray Botod –C
9. Sobre La Indolencia Delos Filipinos –A
10. Dasalan at Tocsohan –B

G. GENERALIZATION

To synthesize the discussion, student should answered the following:

 What is Philippine Literature?

 What are the changes in literature during the 21 st Century?
 What is Philippine Mythology?

IV. EVALUATION
Pen and Paper test.

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Chant (Bulong) was used in witchcraft or enchantment especially in remote places

in the Visayas.

a. Japanese Period b. Rebirth of Freedom c. Pre-Spanish Period d. Period of

Enlightenment

2. Lagaylay was used in a special occasion for the Pilareños of Sorsogon during May
time to get together.

a. Spanish Period b. New Society Period c. Pre-Spanish Period d. Period of 3rd

Republic

3. PAGIBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA was translated from the Spanish AMOR

PATRIA of Rizal, published on August 20, 1882, in Diariong Tagalog.

a. Spanish Period b. American Period c. Pre-Spanish Period d. Period of

Enlightenment

4. Tagalog Zarzuela, Cenaculo and the Embayoka of the Muslims were presented in
the rebuilt Metropolitan Theater, the Folk Arts Theater and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines.

a. New Society Period b. American Period c. 21st Century Period d. Period of 3rd
Republic

5. Haiku, is short with a measure and rhyme consisting of 17 syllables which had
favorable diminishing effect on Tagalog literature.

a. New Society Period b. Japanese Period c. 21st Century Period d. Period of 3rd
Republic

6. English as medium of instruction was introduced in the schools as intellectual

language of education in this period.

a. New Society Period b. American Period c. 21st Century Period d. Period of 3rd
Republic

7. This is the period wherein the youth became vocal with their sentiments and
demanded change in the government.

a. Spanish Period b. Period of Activism c. Pre-Spanish Period d. Period of 3rd

Republic

8. Filipinos during this period were hooked in reading magazines and comics.
a. New Society Period b. American Period c. Period of 3rd Republic d. 21st Century
Period

9. “Ang Bayan ko” is a song popularized in this period.

a. Period of 3rd Republic b. New Society Period c. 21st Century Period d. Post-EDSA 1
Period

10. This period is notable in the reawakening of the Filipino spirit when the 3 priests
Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were guillotined without sufficient evidence of guilt.

a. Post-EDSA 1 Period b. Period of 3rd Republic c. Period of Enlightenment d.

Period of Activism

11. It is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of
the Filipino people.

a. Philippine Mythology b. Mythology c. Philippine Pantheon

12. The stories of ancient Philippine mythology include deities, creation stories,
mythical creatures, and beliefs.

a. Philippine Mythology b. Mythology c. Philippine Pantheon

13. The king of the gods, ruler of the heavens, creator of humanity.

a. Bathala b. Gugurang c. Maguayan

14. The god of the sea.

a. Bathala b. Gugurang c. Maguayan

15. The supreme god who dwells inside of Mt. Mayon.

a. Bathala b. Gugurang c. Maguayan

Answer Key:

1. C
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. C
11. A
12. C
13. A
14. C
15. B
V. ASSIGNMENT: Characterize Me!

Directions: Complete the table below by writing the characteristics of the following
literature during the Pre-Spanish Period.

Legends Folk Tales The Epic Age Folk Songs

Prepared by:

Xofia Angela Rocero

Myca Mondez

Kayra Theress Gubat