Technology and Livelihood Education: Computer Systems Servicing

Technology and
Livelihood Education 9
Computer Systems Servicing
Quarter
1
Technology and Livelihood Education – CSS – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Specification of Materials and Components
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City
Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Vernette R. Ortiz
Editor: Cathy S. Seron
Reviewers: Sarah Jane C. Cabalquinto, Maricel F. Azcarraga,
Maria del Barrio, Jhoanna V. Navata
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Cathy S. Seron
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Aurelio G. Alfonso EdD
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief, School Governance and Operations Division and
OIC-Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Education Program Supervisors
Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
Bernard R. Balitao (AP/HUMSS)
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Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
Ma. Teresita E. Herrera EdD (Filipino/GAS/Piling Larang)
Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)
Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module1
Specification of Materials and
Components
Introductory Message
For the Facilitator:
Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 9) Self-Learning

Module on (Specification of Materials and Components)!
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through mayor, Honorable
Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing
this instructional resource.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the Learner:
Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 9) Self-Learning

Module on (Specification of Materials and Components)!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.
Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.
Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.
Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.
Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.
Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.
Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.
Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
EXPECTATIONS
At the end of the learning period, the students should be able to:
1. Understand the specification of materials and components;
2. Identify the specification of materials and components in specific work; and;
3. Select the appropriate materials and components in related work.
PRETEST
Directions: Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If FALSE,
change the underlined word/s to make the statement correct.
_________ 1. Coaxial cable features a tubular insulating layer that protects an inner
conductor which is further surrounded by a tubular conducting shield,
and might also feature an outer sheath for extra insulation.
_________ 2. Twin-Lead Cable are flat three-wire cables that are used for transmission
between an antenna and receiver, like TV and radio.
_________ 3.Transistors are “Passive Devices”, it contains no source of power or

amplification but only attenuate or reduce the voltage or current signal
passing through them.
_________ 4. Solid wire also known as solid-core or single-strand wire, is made up of

one piece of metal wire, and usually surrounded by protective sheathing.
_________ 5. Diode or sometimes called a chip or microchip, is a semiconductor wafer

on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and
transistors are fabricated.
RECAP
Do you still remember our previous lesson in Module 1 about work order and
standard operating procedures? Let’s find out.
Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters and words to form the correct
answer.
1. lityqua rddatans ___________________________________

- a protocol or guideline that will be used for strict implementation as a
basis for creating products, materials, components, accessories, and
services.
2. orwk edrods ___________________________________
- These are used to request, assign, and track work that needs to be
accomplished by Facilities Operations for maintenance and others.
3. oodg lityauq ___________________________________

- The most important factor in choosing materials to purchased.
4. erilblea ___________________________________
- This is one of the factors to be considered to assure that the materials
will perform its function very well and operate safely.
5. olw stoc ___________________________________
- This means that you can afford to buy materials without hurting your
pocket and assure of better quality.
LESSON
SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
A specification often refers to a group of documented requirements to be satisfied

by components, design, product, or service. It is often a type of technical standard.
There are various kinds of technical specifications (specs), and in different technical
contexts the term is used differently. They often refer to specific documents, and/or
specific information.
Specification of a product does not necessarily prove to be correct or useful in

every context. To comply with a specification, an item may be verified or stamped
with a specification number: this alone does not indicate that the item is suitable for
other uses that are not validated. It is the responsibility of the persons who use the
item or specify the item to consider choosing the available specifications, specify the
correct one, enforce compliance and correctly use the item.
WIRES and CABLES
The terms wire and cable are often used to describe the same thing, but in fact they
are very different. Wire is a single electrical conductor, while a cable is a group of
wires which are swathed in sheathing. The term cable originally refers to a nautical
line of multiple ropes used to anchor ships, and cables (such as wires) are used to
carry electrical currents in an electrical context
Either indoors or outdoors, proper installation of wire and cable is of utmost
importance-maintaining a smooth supply of power, and passing electrical
inspections. That wire and cables needs to be carefully mounted, from the fuse box
to the sockets, fittings a smooth supply of power, and passing electrical inspections.
That wire and cable needs to be carefully mounted, from the fuse box to the sockets,
fittings, and appliances. The National Electrical Code (NEC) and Local Building Codes
regulate installation methods and wiring and cable types for different electrical
applications.
A. WIRES
A wire is a single metal strand, normally cylindrical,

flexible, or rod. Wires are used to carry mechanical
loads or signaling electricity and telecommunications.
Wire is typically created by drawing the metal through
a hole in a die or draw plate.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/
The term wire is used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in
"multi-strand wire," which in mechanics is more correctly called a wire rope, or an
electric cable.
1. Types of Wires
 Solid
 Fuse
 Magnet
 Stranded
 Litz
 Tinsel
 Braided
2. Size of Wires
Increasing specification requires a certain wire size for
installation, and the wire gauge specifies the appropriate
size for a specific application. Wire sizing is done using
American Wire Gauge (AWG) system. Popular wire sizes are
10, 12, and14-a higher number means a smaller wire size
and reduces the amount of power it can hold.
For example, a low-voltage lamp cord with 10 Amps will
require 18-gauge wire, while service panels with 100 Amps
will require 2-gauge wire.
3. Wire Lettering
The letters THHN, THWN, THW and XHHN represent the main insulation
types of individual wires. These letters depict the following NEC requirements:
T – Thermoplastic insulation
H – Heat resistance
HH – High heat resistance (up to 194°F)
W – Suitable for wet locations
N – Nylon coating, resistant to damage by oil or gas
X – Synthetic polymer that is flame-resistant
4. Color Codes
Different color wires serve different purposes, like:
Black : Hot wire, for switches or outlets.
Red : Hot wire, for switch legs. Also for connecting wire
between 2 hardwired smoke detectors.
Blue and Yellow: Hot wires, pulled in conduit. Blue for 3-4
way switch application, and yellow for switch legs to control
fan, lights etc.
White: Always neutral.
Green and Bare Copper: Only for grounding.
5. Wire Gauge, Ampacity and Wattage Load

To determine the right wire, it’s vital to grasp what ampacity and power a wire will
carry per gauge, gauge is that the size of the wire, ampacity is what proportion
electricity will flow through the wire and power is that the load a wire will take, that
is often mentioned on the appliances.
B. CABLES
The cable that is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical power
is known as the electrical power cable. It is used for the transmission of high voltages
in places where overhead lines are impractical to use.
The power cable is formed of 3 main parts, specifically conductor, nonconductor and
sheath. The conducting path for the present within the cable is provided by the
conductor. The insulation or nonconductor withstands the service voltage and
isolates the live conductor with alternative objects. The sheath doesn't enable the
moistures to enter and protects the cables from all external influences like chemical
or chemistry attack and fireplace.
 Types of Electrical Cables
 Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable
These cables are also known as non-metallic building

wire or NM cables. They feature a flexible plastic jacket
with two to four wires (TECK cables are covered with
thermoplastic insulation) and a bare wire for
grounding.
 Underground Feeder Cable

These cables are quite similar to NM cables, but
instead of each wire being individually wrapped in
thermoplastic, wires are grouped together and
embedded in the flexible material. Their high water-
resistance makes them ideal for damp areas like
gardens as well as open-to-air lamps, pumps, etc.
 Metallic Sheathed Cable
Also known as armored or BX cables, metal-sheathed

cables are often used to supply mains electricity or for
large appliances.
 Multi-Conductor Cable
This is a cable type that is commonly used in homes,
since it is simple to use and well-insulated. Different
varieties are used in industries, like the audio
multicore ‘snake cable’ used in the music industry.
 Coaxial Cable
A coaxial (sometimes heliax) cable features a tubular
insulating layer that protects an inner conductor.
Called ‘coaxial’ since the two inner shields share the
same geometric axis, these cables are normally used for
carrying television signals and connecting video
equipment.
 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

This type consists of two wires that are twisted together.
For indoor use, UTP cables with copper wires or solid
copper cores are a popular choice, since there
are flexible and can be easily bent for in-wall
installation.
 Ribbon Cable
Ribbon cables are often used in computers and
peripherals, with various conducting wires that run
parallel to each other on a flat plane, leading to a visual
resemblance to flat ribbons.
 Direct-Buried Cable
Also known as DBCs, these cables are specially-

designed coaxial or bundled fiber-optic cables, which do
not require any added sheathing, insulation or piping
before being buried underground.
 Twin-Lead Cable
These are flat two-wire cables that are used for

transmission between an antenna and receiver, like TV
and radio.
 Twin-axial Cable
This is a variant of coaxial cables, which features two

inner conductors instead of one and is used for very-
short-range high-speed signals.
 Paired Cable
With two individually insulated conductors, this cable is

normally used in DC or low-frequency AC applications.
 Twisted Pair
This cable is similar to paired cables, but the inner

insulated wires are twisted or intertwined.
 Fiber Optic
This cable consists of a center glass core surrounded by
several layers of protective materials. It transmits light
rather than electronic signals eliminating the problem of
electrical interference. It has the ability to transmit
signals over much longer distances. It also has the
capability to carry information at vastly greater speed.
https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm
ELECTRICAL TAPES
Electrical tape is a safety tape for wires, used to

cover and insulate a broad range of cables, wires and
other materials that conduct electricity. It’s often referred
to as insulating (or thermal insulation) tape, and its uses
in workplace and home settings are widespread.
When used properly, electrical tape should act as
an insulator, it should protect against transfer of any
electrical current passing through the wires to people or
components potentially coming into contact with them.
https://ph.rs-online.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice/electrical-insulation-tape-guide
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Electronic components are essential in building an electronic circuit. These
components are used to make circuits work completely. These basic components
include resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits diodes and transistors.
https://www.elprocus.com/major-electronic-components/
Here’s a brief description on each of the basic electronic components.

Resistors
Resistors are the most fundamental and commonly used of
all the electronic components. It is an electronic device
that is used to “resist” or oppose the flow of current in a
circuit. It regulates or set the flow of electrons (current)
through them by using the type of conductive material
from which they are composed.
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html
Capacitors
Capacitor is an electronic component that stores electric
charge. The capacitor is made of 2 close conductors (usually
plates) that are separated by a dielectric material. The
capacitance is measured in units of Farad (F) or microfarad
(uF).
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html
Integrated Circuit
An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip or
microchip, is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands or
millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are
fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator,
timer, counter, computer memory, or microprocessor. A
particular IC is categorized as either linear (analog) or digital,
depending on its intended application.
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC
Diodes
A diode is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a
one-way switch for current. It allows current to flow easily in
one direction, but severely restricts current from flowing in
the opposite direction.
https://www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-integrated-circuits/
Diodes have polarity, determined by an anode (positive lead)

and cathode (negative lead). Most diodes allow current to
flow only when positive voltage is applied to the anode.
https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-basics/electricity
Transistors
The transistor is a semiconductor device that can both
conduct and insulate. A transistor can act as a switch and an
amplifier. It converts audio waves into electronic waves and
resistors, controlling electronic current.
https://www.elprocus.com/transistors-basics-types-baising-modes
A transistor is a three-terminal device. Namely,

 Base: This is responsible for activating the transistor.
 Collector: This is the positive lead.
 Emitter: This is the negative lead.
ACTIVITIES
Directions. A. Encircle the different types of wire and cable in the puzzle
below and explain it briefly. Write your answer on the spaces provided.
FIBER
TWISTED
PAIRED
COAXIAL
RIBBON
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Directions. B. Match the different types of wires and cables with its
description or specification. Write your answer on the spaces provided.
A B
________ 1. This cable is normally used in DC A. Capacitor
or low-frequency AC applications.
________ 2. It is an electronic component that B. Paired Cable
stores electric charge.
________ 3. It is sometimes called a chip C. Resistor
or microchip.
________ 4. A semiconductor device that can D. Integrated Circuit
both conduct and insulate.
________ 5. It is also known as DBCs and E. Transistor
specifically designed coaxial or
bundled fiber-optic cable. F. Direct-Buried Cable
WRAP-UP
Using the graphic organizer below, write down your answers on this question:
“What have you learned in Module 2: Specification of Materials and
Components?”
Specification
Of
Materials
and
Components
VALUING
After reading and doing the activities on Module 2: Specification of Materials

and Components, what values have you learned and how would you relate
this in the real life situations?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
POSTTEST
Directions. Identify what is being described in the following statements. Write

your answer on the spaces provided.
____________________ 1. These are flat two-wire cables that are used for transmission
between an antenna and receiver, like TV and radio.
____________________ 2. A type of cable that has a tubular insulating layer features

which protect the inner conductor and surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.
____________________ 3. It is the size of the wire.

____________________ 4. It is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a one-
way switch for current.
____________________ 5. It is an electronic device that is used to “resist” or oppose the

flow of current in a circuit.
KEY TO CORRECTION
F 5.
E 4.
D 3. 5. Resistor
A 2.
4. Diode
B 1. 3. Wire gauge/Gauge
B. 2. Coaxial cable
1. Twin-Lead Cable
Posttest
5. Low Cost 5. Integrated Circuit
4. Reliable 4. TRUE
Quality
3. Good 3. Resistors
2. Work Orders 2. Two-wire

standard
1. Quality 1. TRUE
A.
Activities Recap Pretest
References
“Capacitor.” RapidTables, www.rapidtables.com/electric/capacitor.html. Accessed 4 June 2020.
“Chapter 4: Cabling.” Florida Center for Instructional Technology,

fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm. Accessed 5 June 2020.
“Electrical Wires & Cables.” D & F Liquidators, 6 Mar. 2020, www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-

products/electrical-wires-cables/. Accessed 5 June 2020.
“Everything You Need To Know About Electrical Insulation Tape.” Rs-Online, ph.rs-
online.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice%2Felectrical-insulation-tape-guide.
Accessed 4 June 2020.
“Introduction to Transistors - Types, Baising Modes and Advantages.” ElProCus, 4 June 2020,
www.elprocus.com/transistors-basics-types-baising-modes/. Accessed 4 June 2020.
“Know about Different Types of Integrated Circuits.” ElProCus, 1 June 2019,

www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-integrated-circuits/. Accessed 4 June 2020.
“Overview of Various Basic Electronic Components.” ElProCus, 21 Jan. 2016,

www.elprocus.com/major-electronic-components. Accessed 4 June 2020.
Regole, Rick. “What Is Braided Wire?” Iconnsystems, 10 June 2019,

www.iconnsystems.com/blog/what-is-braided-wire. Accessed 4 June 2020.
Rouse, Margaret. “What Is Integrated Circuit (IC)? - Definition from WhatIs.com.” WhatIs.com,
TechTarget, 21 Sept. 2005, whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC. Accessed 4
June 2020.
“Types of Cables and Its Practical Application In Real Life.” BYJUS, BYJU'S, 14 Nov. 2019,
byjus.com/physics/types-of-cables/. Accessed 5 June 2020.
“Types of Resistor Including Carbon, Film and Composition.” Basic Electronics Tutorials, 9 July
2018, www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html. Accessed 4 June 2020.
“Types of Wire - A Thomas Buying Guide.” ThomasNet® www.thomasnet.com/articles/metals-

metal-products/types-of-wire/. Accessed 4 June 2020.
Vandervort, Don. “Electrical Grounding.” HomeTips, 27 Sept. 2019, www.hometips.com/how-it-

works/electrical-grounding.html. Accessed 4 June 2020.
“What Is a Diode?” Fluke, 22 July 2019, www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-

basics/electricity/what-is-a-diode. Accessed 4 June 2020.

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Technology and

First Edition, 2020

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Education Program Supervisors

Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 9) Self-Learning

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

Notes to the Teacher

Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 9) Self-Learning

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

1. Understand the specification of materials and components;

2. Identify the specification of materials and components in specific work; and;

3. Select the appropriate materials and components in related work.

_________ 3.Transistors are “Passive Devices”, it contains no source of power or

_________ 4. Solid wire also known as solid-core or single-strand wire, is made up of

_________ 5. Diode or sometimes called a chip or microchip, is a semiconductor wafer

1. lityqua rddatans ___________________________________

3. oodg lityauq ___________________________________

5. olw stoc ___________________________________

SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

A specification often refers to a group of documented requirements to be satisfied

Specification of a product does not necessarily prove to be correct or useful in

A wire is a single metal strand, normally cylindrical,

HH – High heat resistance (up to 194°F)

W – Suitable for wet locations

N – Nylon coating, resistant to damage by oil or gas

X – Synthetic polymer that is flame-resistant

5. Wire Gauge, Ampacity and Wattage Load

 Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable

These cables are also known as non-metallic building

 Underground Feeder Cable

 Metallic Sheathed Cable

Also known as armored or BX cables, metal-sheathed

 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable

Also known as DBCs, these cables are specially-

These are flat two-wire cables that are used for

This is a variant of coaxial cables, which features two

With two individually insulated conductors, this cable is

This cable is similar to paired cables, but the inner

Electrical tape is a safety tape for wires, used to

Here’s a brief description on each of the basic electronic components.

Diodes have polarity, determined by an anode (positive lead)

A transistor is a three-terminal device. Namely,

After reading and doing the activities on Module 2: Specification of Materials

Directions. Identify what is being described in the following statements. Write

____________________ 2. A type of cable that has a tubular insulating layer features

____________________ 3. It is the size of the wire.