Development of an Information-Based Dashboard:
Barangay Resident Information System and Services
(BRISS) for Decision Support towards e-Governance
Angelique D. Lacasandile
National University - Manila
551 M.F. Jhocson Street
Sampaloc, Manila Philippines
adlacasandile@national-
u.edu.ph
ABSTRACT
The need to address societal issues of every community is a
salient aspect that demands attention from the people in authority.
These are important responsibilities of every barangay and its
official in the Philippines. Profiling each household in the
community using information and communication technology
could achieve good governance through E-government as its core.
Once profile data is aggregated, essential information could
provide statistics in labor and employment, family income and
expenditures, demography by (population) and (age), water and
sanitation, type of housing and education. The focus are based on
the profiling of Zone 42 and adding other facets as mentioned
above was initiated, with the idea that educational institution
around the barangay can help towards the areas included. This
paper intends to aid barangay official in budget allocation and
decision making in their respective governed area with the use of
Barangay Information Profiling System (BIPS).
Building an Information-Based Dashboard was initiated last 2016
and assessed by IT expert, was given readiness for beta launch to
its target users. The functionality criteria was given a mean score
of 4.47, which means that the respondents agreed that the system
sequence of operation is easy to understand, and the result of their
queries is correct and accurate. The system testing had a favorable
result with a mean of 4.50 which means that the system passed the
standard of completing, processing of a request, response time and
the usage of computer resources for all of its function.
CCS Concepts
• Applied Computing➝Computers in other
domains➝Computing in Government Engines➝E-
government • Information Systems➝Information Systems
Application➝Decision Support Systems➝Online Analytical
Processing
Keywords
E-Governance, E-Government, Decision Support System,
Information and Communication Technology (ICT).
1. INTRODUCTION
Globally, new information technologies are important enabler in
improving the efficiency and competency of any organization.
New information technologies improves data management, data
sharing, planning, and service delivery and decision support [1].
The Philippines is at the cusp of big data boom, but based on the
observation of a business analytics and strategist president [2], our
country is yet to fully maximize its potential because we are
behind others that use it for transforming government and urban
Rogel M. Labanan
National University - Manila
551 M.F. Jhocson Street
Sampaloc, Manila Philippines
rmlabanan@national-u.edu.ph
planning. With the advanced and dynamic growth of technologies,
the National IT Promotion Agency took the initiative to build the
Philippine e-Government Master Plan [3]. This is a significant
progress in the area of e-Government it demonstrates concern to
the needs of its people, it shows that they are making efforts to
make government services more user-friendly and more effective
and efficient, it’s about doing more for less. Evidently, as the
recent result of exhibits, that there has been a sharp increase in the
number of countries that are initiating their own e-government
that serves as a one-stop platform for all their public services,
which is conveniently accessible online [4]. As more countries are
making an effort to move towards the future that makes public
institutions more inclusive, effective, accountable and transparent.
Notably, the world embracing the idea of innovation and utilizing
new technology to produce information that reflects the people’s
needs and encourage decision driven by the public. It opens for a
government that promotes participatory decision-making and
service delivery.
In the Philippines, the application of e-government is in snail’s
pace. In 2013, the DOST through the Information and
Communication Technology Office (ICTO), unveiled the E-
Government Master Plan (EGMP) for 2013-2016 that serves as
the blueprint for the implementation of e-government related
projects indicated in the review of ICT Office which encompasses
all aspects of the Philippine government [5]. However, as
observed, as it becomes more attractive, interesting and a growing
phenomenon it has become diverse, every organization have
individual ICT programs initiative and interpretation for most
government agencies that think it needs one. E-government in the
Philippines has an agenda that speak on different planes and
concern about the credibility and security of the platform
introduced in public [6]. Aside from the challenges mentioned,
factors that contribute are privacy protection, lack of
telecommunications infrastructure and the concern about the
digital divide. As reviewed there is relatively few research
addressing perspective of the people towards ICTs and the
Internet, which has factors that contribute to the digital divide
such as Geographical Divide, Social Divide and Cultural Divide.
There is no universally accepted definition of e-government, and
the idea vary widely, but this paper subscribes to the common
theme about the concept of e-governments is the use of
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to improve
the government processes to the benefit of the citizens, businesses
and the government itself [7].
The city of Manila is considered urban and one of the busiest and
biggest in terms of population in the Philippines. Barangay in this
area has a minimum of 5,000 or more. The largest barangay in
terms of population size is Barangay 176 in Caloocan City with
247 thousand persons [8]. Although Manila is one of the most
progressive and profitable cities in the country, a portion of the
city population is still experiencing poverty, hunger and other
societal issues that need to be addressed by the government.
This paper highlights the main problem of the Manila Barangay
Bureau and the barangays under its department. The poor use of
data and information resulting in the incorrect identification of
programs for the necessity of each barangays and justification of
their request is one of the main problems of the community as
discovered. Thus, the need to automate Barangay Information
Profiling System (BIPS) intends to contribute to the utilization of
aggregate data from the resident of each household in every
barangay and encode it to the system that was initially developed
in accordance with the recommendations from the perspective of
the users [9]. Automated BIPS intends to provide a technology
that transforms paper-based data and complex government in the
Philippines into compelling visuals in the form of a dashboard that
meets the demand for providing an at-a-glance view of public
information in the areas of Labor and Employment, Family
Income and Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and
(Age), Water and Sanitation, and Type of Housing and Education.
The collected data can be converted into something measurable
and can provide interactive charts, graphs, and statistics that
enable decision-makers, the public and other stakeholders to view
and evaluate the situation of their community and take part and
help to contribute towards a common goal. This system can easily
justify budget spending, project allocation and can attract another
source of funds. As part of the assessment (5) credible IT expert
from the industry will evaluate the functionality and efficiency of
the system before the beta launched of the system at Zone 42.
2. REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
This section presents the result of the assessment by IT expert to
check the system as part of the testing deploying it to the target
users at Zone 42 for the beta launch. IT expert checking was done
after the quality assurance team checked the system. The approval
of (5) IT expert in the industry was solicited to validate the system
functionality and efficiency in the following areas:
2.1 Stages of E-Government Adoption
The definition of remarkable people about e-government suggests
that it is possible to perceive the concept of e-government,
differently depending on one’s focus. Thus, it is important to
know the stages of e-government it is divided into four stages of
development and it increases their integration, technological and
organizational complexity as the level increases. It was presented
and discussed in the first version [10].
Figure 1. Stages of E-Government.
.
Stages of E-government as presented in Figure 1 shows that the
first stage is tailoring information to the target users by creating
government agency websites in the early stage. At this stage, the
emerging stage only established a one-way communication
towards the government and the governed is possible. This setting
makes the government portal as the nucleus for citizen
engagement. The second stage enables users to download forms,
create digitized applications and provide an interface that receives
application online, this phase is also known as the enhanced stage,
government websites increase its functionality and become more
dynamic. The third stage provides a mechanism that helps the
citizen to make online payments for their transaction and interact
with officials through the web. On this stage, called transactional,
two-way communication made possible. The Last stage presented
is the fourth stage, which covers every department under its
umbrella; it was envision being seamless, that makes integration
of electronic services across government agencies happen.
Knowing the situation thru observation and data gathering from
the initial stage of this study in 2016 with the 12 barangays in
Zone 42, Sampaloc, Manila as the initial testing area of this
initiative can verify the presence or absence of this changes and
this paper recommend the appropriate integration of technology in
the government based on the situation of the adoption of
technology in each barangay. The paper reference and evidence
[9], clearly shows that the application of e-government in the area
of their study is in its infancy and can be assumed that almost all
the barangay in the Philippines are in the early stage of adoption.
2.2 Top-down and Bottom-up Approach
Strategy in Implementation
A transition from the traditional way of doing things into a new
system is not always easy. Harnessing technology to promote
transparency and good-governance in the Philippines increasingly
appeal for collaborative approaches to address different challenges
faced by multiple stakeholders here and around the world. The
following text will discuss the premise and relative utility of the
top-down and bottom-up approach in a general point of view
presented by [11] top-down implementation defined as carrying
out policy thru statute, executive order, or court decision which
authoritative decisions are centrally located by actors who wants
to produce the desired effects, defined by Matland [12].On the
other hand, bottom-up implementation approach started with the
target groups and service deliverers because they taught that the
target groups are the actual implementors of policy. Both are a
good strategy and should be used depending on the nature of
policy or project being implemented.
This paper is dedicated to continuing the demand side perspective
of e-government and it is fitting to subscribe to the bottom-uppers
conclusion that the bottom-up approach is more realistic and
practical because success of e-government adoption and
encouraging people in a paradigm shift when it comes to
technology greatly depend on the implementer’s ability to adapt
the new system into their processes. This path takes time but
reflects the community interests and might discover useful
practices from one barangay to the other and could contribute to
e-government success or can identify the hampers to the goal of
the program.
2.3 The Barangay
Information empowers the nation in many ways and as a resident
who belongs in the community the political unit that is accessible
for most people are the barangays. People express their thoughts
and address their needs in their respective barangay officials more
often. As mandated under Sec 304 of the Republic Act No. 7160, relating to
as frontline service providers, the “barangay should serve as the their living
primary planning and implement unit of government policies, conditions
plans, programs, projects, and activities in the community, and a but not
forum wherein the collective views of the people may be poverty
expressed, crystallized and considered, and where disputes may be
incidence.
amicably settled”. The creation of barangay unit was built in the
intention to enhance the delivery of basic services in the Food
Food and
community and act upon, in accordance with the needs of the situation
National Nutrition
public subject to the budgetary limitations of the office. Sec. 388 Every 5 and
Nutritional Research
describes the person in authority in the barangay, for purposes of years nutritional
Survey (NNS) Institute
the revised penal code, the punong barangay, Sangguniang status of the
(FNRI)
Barangay members, and the members of the lupong tagapamayapa population.
in each barangay shall be deemed as persons in authority in their Size,
jurisdiction. Sec. 389 chief executive powers, duties and composition
functions. The punong barangay as chief executive of the , and
barangay government shall exercise such powers and perform Census of
Every 10 distribution
such duties and functions, as provided by the law. For efficient, Population NSO
years of the
effective and economical governance the punong barangay as part (CPH)
of his or her duties and function is to prepare the annual executive population
and supplemental budgets of the barangay, exercise general in the
supervision over the activities of the sangguniang kabataan, Philippines.
ensure the delivery of basic service, approve vouchers relating to The
the disbursement of Barangay funds, promote the general welfare Number of
of the Barangay and maintain public order in the Barangay and Functional functionalit
assist the city or municipal mayor and the sangguniang members Literacy, y literate
in the performance of their duties and functions. Education and population
NSO Irregular
Mentioned above the power vested upon the officials of the Mass Media and the
barangay by the Republic act of the Philippines they are for the Survey socioecono
welfare of more than 5,000 residents in their area of (FLEMMS) mic
responsibility. In the same way that the budget of other levels in characteristi
the local government basis is from the barangay planning and cs.
decision-making. The barangay cycle starts with the preparation Demograph
of the barangay development plan, which intends to allocate the
National ic,
budget and its resources to achieve their respective targets. It
Demographic maternal,
should contain priority areas of services, targets and their Every 5
respective accomplishments as described [13]. There are a lot of and Health NSO and child
years
factors that affect the quality of their service not just the budget Survey health
allocation but also, the data are not available to support their (NDHS) issues in the
request. Sometimes their decision-making has no basis at all or Philippines
data is outdated and irrelevant on the current situation of the Levels and
community. trends of
employmen
Every
Labor Force t,
Table 1. Available Sources of Data in the Philippines in NSO quarter of
relation to Barangay Survey (LFS) unemploym
the year
ent, and
Available Frequency underemplo
Implementing Data
Sources of of yment
Agency Obtained
Data Collection
Family Table 1 shows the study [14], which the book tracks on how
Family income and authority able to perform the principal responsibility for the
Income and National living delivery of the basic social services and operation in relation to
Every 3 the barangay and its constituents. The LGUs and the Manila
Expenditures Statistics expenditure
years Barangay Bureau were also given authority to collect information
Survey Office (NSO) s and
(FIES) related in relation to the barangay level and the government has the
scheme to determine the share of LGUs from the revenues
information
collected by the national government thru taxes. LGUs was
Annual NSO Every year Socioecono mandated to fight against poverty within their areas of
Poverty when the mic profiles jurisdiction, implementation of their responsibility has seen as
Indicator FIES is not of families their major weakness as they lack reliable and credible baseline
Survey conducted and other data. LGUs still rely on centrally produced data from the National
(APIS) information Statistics Office figuring out their programs, activities, allocation
of budget and its resources. These data, however, are not accurate
because people who are assigned in the data gathering are not
familiar with the people and its community. It is difficult to have
one basis for the formulation of appropriate policies and
programs.
2.4 E. Davao City eyes Barangay Profiling
System
A powerful bomb explosion in Davao City that killed 15 people
and wounded 69 others made a realization that profiling system
can help in this kind of situation having at the back of their minds
and thought about if they oblige their respective barangays to
submit information about their respective constituents it could be
easier to investigate this type of incident [15].
It is timely that this paper invests its time and effort in the bottom-
up approach, making all voices count, while everybody else
focusing on doing research areas at the top this information
system is carefully designed in consideration with the target users
and utilizing data to generate informative dashboard that can be
used for management and planning in barangay for better decision
making that hopefully leads to the contribution to the success of
making government transparent, accountable with good
governance. Keeping in mind that the concept and the design of
the system would not be possible without the help of the people in
the barangay and other external factors in their environment. This
time, the system will be tested by IT.
3. RESEACH METHODOLOGY
The Survey method was used in this study and relied heavily on
the data gathered from the community and review of related
literature and studies. The development of the system, on the other
hand, followed the rudiments of Agile Project Methodology.
Several studies have concluded the benefits of this methodology
in working closely with our target users [16], stated that clients
feel more comfortable to share their ideas knowing they can
participate in crafting the vision of the concept was described
[17], as a method that supports quick changes to the scope and
direction of the project based on the requirements which are
applicable to the direction of this paper. On the other hand, the
assessment of the system uses descriptive method as the research
design. It attempts to describe, explain and interpret the data
gathered from the questionnaire and analyzed the preliminary data
using a Likert-type scale.
Agile web development is an agile approach that allows
developers to be involved with the content and navigation from
the beginning and allows beta launches for collecting feedback as
early as possible from everyone involved with a project from the
bottom, which pertains to the target users up to the top decision-
makers and IT specialist were encourage to meet in-person during
the early stages of development that makes everyone on the same
vision from the very start that saves time reducing conversation
and communication cycle to the overall development. Retrieved
from the comprehensive overview of [18] differentiating the
difference of traditional process of web development and agile
web development can be visualized in figure 2.
Figure 2. Stages of E-Government.
.
3.1 System Paradigm
Figure 3. System Paradigm.
.
The System Paradigm as depicted in Figure 3 shows the process
involved in the system developed. The main users are the
government official in their respective barangay who are part of
the budget allocation, approval and decision-making. The
barangay information profiling system with profiling module that
captures the basic information, expenses and bills payment of a
particular household in the community governed by the barangay.
This data from each household will be stored in the database
depending on the option of the official whether to store it in the
cloud or on a local database, the security was the main concerned
and the architecture carefully design the system to allow access to
authorized personnel only by providing a mechanism to login in
with the use of username and password. The authorized users is
capable of adding, editing, and deleting data or profile of a
resident stored in the database. The system automatically
aggregates the data in the following areas: Labor and
Employment, Family Income and Expenditures, Demography by
(Population) and (Age), Water and Sanitation, Type of Housing
and Education. The aggregated data can create visual dashboard
and reports related in the following areas that provide an overview
about the community and can be the basis for budget requests,
allocation and decision making for the good of the community
wellbeing.
3.2 System Features
The features of the system include 1.) Profiling Module; (2) Geo-
information and; (3) Barangay Dashboard. The main modules
have sub-modules which will be discussed accordingly in the
following text below.
3.2.1 Profiling Module
The profiling module of the barangay covers the basic
information, expenses, and their bills. The data collected in the
areas mentioned will be encoded in the system for monitoring of
the community.
Figure 4. Household Profiling Module.
Before a dashboard can produce its consolidated information, it
started with the collection of household profile as seen in Figure
4. The basic information such as the photo of the household,
family name, cell phone number, telephone number, address,
purok, affiliation, religion, house ownership, type of house, access
to comfort room and safe water questionnaire. After filling up the
basic information it will lead to another form, it is about their
household expenses such as approximated daily consumption,
daily transportation, house rent, and house operation, educational,
medical and recreational expenses. In addition, the system also
asked about your approximated regular bills payment such as
electric, water, cable, telephone, internet bills and others.
3.2.2 Geo-Information Module
The Geographic information module of the system was used to
analyze spatial which identifies the geographic location of
members of the community, their geographic location and mapped
the community governed by each barangay.
Figure 5. Geo-Information Module.
The dashboard as shown in Figure 6 enable government official a
quick overview of the aggregated count of resident data. The
dashboard can be utilized for proper allocation of government
funds and an effective way to entice other agency to support the
community. It is capable to be access and analyze-up to date
information by the users can give them smarter and data driven
decisions for their constituents. The system created in 2015 in
Zone 42, the feature of the system primarily deployed in different
barangays. As observed, typical issues and problems arise in the
barangay, thus, make it with the realization that every barangays
plan and need to allocate budget for the community with great
concern for the peoples labor and employment, family income and
expenditures, education, demography by age and population,
water and sanitation and should equip them with knowledge for
disaster preparedness. With this, the dashboard and the feature of
the profiling system integrated their needs as we improve and
make the project sustainable for making it a good dashboard that
measure the profile of every household in the community for
visualization across the organization to get valuable insight and
drive quick and data-driven decisions. Barangay dashboard gets a
consolidated view of all the profile within the community
governed.
3.3 Research Instrument
Questionnaires were prepared to determine the response of the
respondents towards the system. To address the measurement of
the perception of the respondents about the Barangay Information
Profiling System (BIPS), the 5-point scale was used, five being
the highest and one being the lowest rank. Table 2 shows the
Likert scale to quantify the response to the question given to
credible industry practitioner who accesses the system. Table 2
also shows the criteria on how to interpret the collected data in the
survey that was used to evaluate the functionality and efficiency
of the system before beta launch.

.
Table 2. Rating Scale Criteria
As depicted in figure 5, geo-information allows the government
official to view the actual household and environment of their Rating Verbal Interpretation
respective area. In compliance with the National Privacy Strongly Highly
Commission to protect personal data involved and encoded in the 4.51-5.00 Very Important
Agree Acceptable
system proper consent to the participants of this study was
properly solicited for the collection, recording, organization, 3.51-4.50 Agree Important Acceptable
storage, updating or modification and retrieval of this kind of data Partly Moderately Moderately
2.51-3.50
in the system. The system ensures that the product complies with Agree Important Acceptable
the international standards set for data protection through the Slightly Fairly
1.51-2.50 Disagree
National Privacy Commission (NPC). Important Acceptable
Strongly Not Important Not
3.2.3 Barangay Dashboard 1.00-1.50
Disagree at all Acceptable
The Dashboard in barangay level used to present the most
valuable and useful set of information about the communities’
status in Labor and Employment, Family Income and 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Expenditures, Demography by (Population) and (Age), Water and This section presents the result of the assessment by IT expert to
Sanitation, Type of Housing and Education. initially check the system as part of the testing deploying it to the
target users at Zone 42 for the beta launch. IT expert checking
was done after the quality assurance team checked the system.
The approval of (5) IT expert in the industry was solicited to
validate the system functionality and efficiency in the following
areas:

Table 3. Respondents’ Level of Assessment in terms of

Functionality

Statement Mean Interpretation Rank

Figure 6. Barangay Dashboard.

 Response interpreted as ‘Agree’. The respondents ‘Agreed’ that the system
(1) The sequence of passed regarding the efficiency criterion as seen from its overall
operation is easy to 4.40 Agree 2 mean assessment of 4.50.
understand.
(2) The result in 5. RECOMMENDATIONS AND
queries is correct and 4.80 Strongly Agree 1 CONCLUSIONS
accurate. BIPS used to take advantage of the use of technology for budget
(3) Data is secured allocation and decision making in the barangay. BIPS can help
with the use of Barangay official utilize the data from household profiling by
4.20 Agree 3
passwords and coming up with an aggregate form that can be visualized in the
usernames. system dashboard. The Barangay officials can make use of the
OVERALL 4.47 Agree information as the basis for budgeting and supporting documents
to generate other ways in uplifting the quality of life and
wellbeing of the community governed.
Table 3 shows the overall results of the system evaluation for the
Functionality criterion. The indicator regarding correct and The review of related literature and studies supports the direction
accurate query result ranked first with its mean response of 4.80 of this paper and shown existence of similar concept denoting the
interpreted as ‘Strongly Agree’, followed by the indicator relevance and acceptability of such technology. Since the system
regarding easy to understand sequence of operation with mean is on its way for beta launching inputs from its target users can
response of 4.40 interpreted as ‘Agree’ and indicator help to improve and enhanced the initial version released and
corresponding to security of data with the use of passwords and other areas, criterion and method for testing can be explored as the
username got a mean response of 4.20 interpreted as ‘Agree’. It system and this concept progress in the future.
can be gleaned that IT experts ‘Agreed’ regarding the The IT experts recommend citywide implementation of the system
functionality of Barangay Information Profiling System in the to assess its acceptability and determine the constraints related to
following criterion and obtained an overall mean assessment of its implementation in a city, eyeing for a bigger impact could be
4.47. the next phase for this initiative. Additionally, data analytics
improvement after a year of implementation and security of the
system is required as we deal with sensitive information about a
Table 4. Respondents’ Level of Assessment in terms of
household in the community.
Efficiency
Mean 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Statement Interpretation Rank The author would like to thank one of the investors of this project
Response
(1) There is Aguora IT Solutions and Technology Inc. for sharing the same
acceptable response 4.60 Strong Agree 2 vision as the Philippines head forward in the implementation of e-
and processing time. government related projects. This would not be possible without
(2) Network traffic the technical knowledge and skills of my husband Richard D.
does not occur if Lacasandile that make my concept relevant and up to date.
4.40 Agree 3
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