CHAPTER ONE

1.1 HISTORY OF SIWES

The government decrease No47 of 8th October 1971 as amended in 1990 highlighted the

capacity building of human resources in industry, commerce and Government through

training and retraining of workers in order to effectively provide the much needed high

quality goods and services in dynamic economics as ours. The decree leads to the

establishment of industrial training fund (ITF) in 1973/1974.

The growing concern among our industrialist that graduates of our institutes of higher

learning lack adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment in

industries led to the formation of SIWES by ITF.

The students industrial work experiences scheme (SIWES) a skill training program

designed to expose and prepare student engineering technology environment science,

medical science and pure and applied science for the industrial work situation which they

are likely to meet after graduation.

1.2 AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

 Provide an avenue for student in institution of higher institution of higher learn

acquire industrial skill and experience in their approved course of student.

 Prepare student for industrial work situation which they are likely in came by works

method and techniques in handling equipment and machinery not available there by

bridging the gap between theories and practical.

 Enlist and strengthen employee’s involvement in the entire educational process and

prepare student for employment in industry.

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1.3 HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT

The Seventh Day Adventist is located along Lagere Express Road, Idi-omo, Ile-Ife, Osun

State. It was established by the Seventh Day Adventist Missionaries in the year 1940 in

response to the need of medical center. There are different types of department in the

Hospital, we have:

1. Surgical ward
2. Clinical Ward
3. GOPD
4. Lifestyle Medical Center
5. Emergency Center
6. Causality

1.4 HISTORY OF LIFESTYLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT

Lifestyle Medical Department of Seventh Day Adventist Hospital was established on

June 2011. Lifestyle Medical Department was established to reduce disease risk and
illness burden by utilizing lifestyle interventions such as nutrition, physical activity,
stress reduction, rest, smoking and avoidance of alcohol abuse. The program was initiated
by VOIJECH LIGERIZA from Czech Republic. The measure include of use of the
eight laws of health which is called NEW START (Nutrition, Exercise, sunlight,
Temperature, Air, Rest and Trust in God).
The Lifestyle Medical Department is in four groups namely:

1. Dietetics Kitchen (Lifestyle Kitchen)

2. Lifestyle treatment room
3. Bakery
4. Hospital Kitchen (Main Kitchen)

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 CMD

DIRECTOR OF
ADMIN/HOSPITAL

NURSING
MEDICINE
ENT PHARMACY
AUDIT ACCOUNTAN
T

GOPD
BAKERY
MAINTENANCE
RADIOLOG
Y

PAEDIATRIC
S

LIFE STYLE MEDICINE CENTER PHYSIOTHERAPY

ELECTRICAL CARPENTARY TRANSPORTAION AUTOMOBILE BUIDING

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 ORIENTATION

These were done on my first day at SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST HOSPITAL on 3 rd of

September, 2018, I was shown around and the different departments of the hospital,

The departments include:

1. Lifestyle treatment room.

2. Lifestyle kitchen
3. Bakery
4. The farm.
5. The Six different wards.
6. The mortuary
7. The Autoclave
8. The Xray unit.
9. The outpatient Department
10. The workshop.
RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE STUDENTS

1. Punctuality must be observed diligently.

2. All students must dress well and responsibly.
3. A good attitude to work must be maintained at all times.
4. The students must take permission if there is a need to be absent.
5. All students must get to the lecture room on time, lateness will not be condoned.
6. Humility must be observed to all those who are at one post or the other at the
industry.
7. Whatever any student is told to do, he / she must do so without grumbling.
8. The students must be cheerful at all times around the patients.
9. The students must be willing to work together with team spirit.

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2.1 LIFESTYLE TREATMENT ROOM

The lifestyle treatment room is where all major treatment for the lifestyle patients are

carried out, these treatments are carried out using natural remedies and techniques, i.e

no use of drugs or injections is needed in lifestyle treatment. Some of the materials in

the treatment room include

 Massaging Bed.
 Steam Rehalation Bag.
 Bath tub.
 Colon cleansing Bed
 Pipes.
 Gloves.
 Menthylated spirit.
 Cotton wool.
2.2 EXPERIENCES IN TREATMENT ROOM

The treatment room was really educative, I learnt so many things but to mention a few.

For the first time, I was assigned to manage a patience, I took his medical history, made

an accurate record. That was an amazing experience, some of the procedures we were

exposed to are:

1. Colon cleansing
2. Steam rehalation
3. Massaging
4. Body Mass Index Measurement
5. Blood pressure measurement.

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2.3 COLON CLEANSING

This can be defined as the colonic irrigation or colonic hydrotherapy which involves the

flushing of the colon with fluid to remove waste and toxic substances. In other words,

colon cleansing is a therapy used to get rid of waste and facial matter in the larger

intestine (colon).

COLON CLEANSING AS CARRIED OUT DURING THE PROGRAMME

A woman, 45 years old was suffering from a condition where she was unable to excrete

through her anus. She was brought to the LIFESTYLE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT

for check up and treatment. Her diet history was taken and she revealed that she had been

experiencing pain and difficulty in excretion. She was told to always take more of water

and also fruits e.g watermelons, oranges (juices only as the other parts are fibrous). She

was told that colon cleansing was needed to be carried out to make way for easy

excretion and to ease the pain she was going through. Thereafter, COLON

CLEANSING was carried out.

PROCEDURE

Surgical scissors and two plastic pipes are sterilized for about 5 minutes.

i. Warm water of about 12 liters is added to a stockpot and covered.

ii. The patient anus is then lubricated and a plastic pipe is then inserted into the
anus of the patient.
iii. The Tap of the stockpot is turned open and water flow inside the anus of the
patient while the pipe that lead to the water closet is closed by using surgical
scissors to prevent backflow of water.
iv. Water is allowed to run inside the colon of the patient for 3 minutes and the

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 water is released by opening the pipe which flow to the water closet by
removing the surgical scissors.
v. This procedure is done repeatedly until the water rushing out is clear-colored
and no dirt or faeces is excreted.
vi. The pipe is then removed from the patient’s anus.
vii. The patient is then placed on the water closet in order to excrete the remaining
toxic in his/her colon.
viii. The patient is then cleaned up.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
a) Hand gloves
b) Facial mask
c) Surgical scissors
d) Begi stockpot
e) Water closet
f) KY lubricating Gel
g) Two Plastic pipes
IMPORTANCE OF COLON CLEANSING
1. It reduces constipation.
2. It aids digestion.
3. It helps in removing toxins from the digestive system.
4. It increase fertility.
5. It helps to absorption of nutrition.
6. It improves concentration.
PATIENT THAT CANNOT UNDERGO COLON CLEANSING
i. Pregnant women
ii. Lactating mother
iii. Children
iv. Patient suffering from kidney, liver and heart disease
v. Ulcer patients.

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Note: Colon cleansing is done at least after 3 days juice fasting.

2.5 ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

As the name implies, activated charcoal is a special form of charcoal, it is different from

the charcoal derived from burning just any type of wood/tree. Activated charcoal is a

specific purpose charcoal derived from burning woods from trees with edible fruits, the

ground is dug, the woods are placed in the dug hole, while burning, the hole is filled up

with sand, this enables the activation process of the charcoal, thereby rendering it

activated, with many specific properties.

2.6 HEALTH BENEFITS OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

1. Activated charcoal serves as a detoxifying agent in the body.

2. It absorbs toxins and free radicals in the body,

3. It helps relieve pains inside the human body

4. It relieves aches and sores in the human body.

7. In stings or bites, activated charcoal is an efficient detoxifier.

2.7 THE LIFESTYLE KITCHEN

The lifestyle kitchen is an important section of the lifestyle Medicine centre, this is where

all the therapeutic diet for the patient is being prepared, However , it is important to note

some certain factors , the factors are aimed at preparing a diet that wont further

complicate the health condition , but rather help inhibit the illness.

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2.8 THERAPEUTIC DIETS

A therapeutic diet is a meal plan that controls the intake of certain foods or nutrients. It is

part of the treatment of a medical condition and are normally prescribed by a physician

and planned by a dietician. A therapeutic diet is usually a modification of a regular diet. It

is modified or tailored to fit the nutrition needs of a particular person.

Therapeutic diets are modified for

(1) Nutrients, (2) texture, and/or (3) food allergies or food intolerances.

Common reasons therapeutic diets may be ordered:

 To maintain nutritional status

 To restore nutritional status
 To correct nutritional status
 To decrease calories for weight control
 To provide extra calories for weight gain
 To balance amounts of carbohydrates, fat and protein for control of diabetes
 To provide a greater amount of a nutrient such as protein
 To decrease the amount of a nutrient such as sodium
 To exclude foods due to allergies or food intolerance
 To provide texture modifications due to problems with chewing and/or
swallowing
Common therapeutic diets include:

1. Nutrient modifications

 No concentrated sweets diet

 Diabetic diets
 No added salt diet
 Low sodium diet

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  Low fat diet and/or low cholesterol diet
 High fiber diet
 Renal diet
2. Texture modification

 Mechanical soft diet

 Puree diet
3. Food allergy or food intolerance modification

 Food allergy
 Food intolerance
4. Tube feedings

Liquid tube feedings in place of meals

Liquid tube feedings in addition to meals
5. Additional feedings– In addition to meal, extra nutrition may be ordered as:

Supplements – usually ordered as liquid nutritional shakes once, twice or three times

per day; given either with meals or between meals

Nourishments – ordered as a snack food or beverage items to be given between meals

mid-morning and/or mid-afternoon

HS snack – ordered as a snack food or beverage items to be given at the hour of

sleep.

The following list includes brief descriptions of common therapeutic diets: Clear

liquid diet –

 Includes minimum residue fluids that can be seen through., Examples are
juices without pulp, broth, and Jell-O.

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  Is often used as the first step to restarting oral feeding after surgery or an
abdominal procedure
 Can also be used for fluid and electrolyte replacement in people with severe
diarrhea
 Should not be used for an extended period as it does not provide enough
calories and nutrients
Full liquid diet Includes fluids that are creamy.

Some examples of food allowed are ice cream, pudding, thinned hot cereal, custard,

strained cream soups, and juices with pulp.

Used as the second step to restarting oral feeding once clear liquids are tolerated.

Used for people who cannot tolerate a mechanical soft diet

Should not be used for extended periods

No Concentrated Sweets (NCS) diet – Is considered a liberalized diet for diabetics

when their weight and blood sugar levels are under control

It includes regular foods without the addition of sugar.

Calories are not counted as in ADA calorie controlled diets. Diabetic or calorie controlled

diet (ADA), these diets control calories, carbohydrates, protein, and fat intake in balanced

amounts to meet nutritional needs, control blood sugar levels, and control weight. Portion

control is used at mealtimes as outlined in the ADA “Exchange List for Meal Planning.”

LOW FAT/LOW CHOLESTEROL DIET – Is used to reduce fat levels and/or treat

medical conditions that interfere with how the body uses fat such as diseases of the liver,

gallbladder, or pancreas. Limits fat to 50 grams or no more than 30% calories derived

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from fat. Is low in total fat and saturated fats and contains approximately 250-300 mg

cholesterol.

HIGH FIBER DIET – Is prescribed in the prevention or treatment of a number of

gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases.

Increased fiber should come from a variety of sources including fruits, legumes,

vegetables, whole breads, and cereals.

2.9 HYPERTENSION

Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure. It can lead to severe complications

and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and death.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels.

The pressure depends on the work being done by the heart and the resistance of the blood

vessels.

Hypertension is the medical term for high blood pressure.

This means that the blood applies too much force against the walls of the blood vessels.

TREATMENT

While blood pressure is best regulated through the diet before it reaches the stage of

hypertension, there is a range of treatment options.

Lifestyle adjustments are the standard first-line treatment for hypertension.

Regular physical exercise

Doctors recommend that patients with hypertension engage in 30 minutes of moderate-

intensity, dynamic, aerobic exercise. This can include walking, jogging, cycling, or

swimming on 5 to 7 days of the week.

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 Stress reduction

Avoiding stress, or developing strategies for managing unavoidable stress, can help with

blood pressure control.

Using alcohol, drugs, smoking, and unhealthy eating to cope with stress will add to

hypertensive problems. These should be avoided.

Smoking can raise blood pressure. Giving up smoking reduces the risk of hypertension,

heart conditions, and other health issues.

MEDICATIONS

Drugs are usually started one at a time at a low dose. Side effects associated with

antihypertensive drugs are usually minor.

Eventually, a combination of at least two antihypertensive drugs is usually required.

A range of drug types are available to help lower blood pressure, including:

 diuretics, including thiazides, chlorthalidone, and indapamide

 beta-blockers and alpha-blockers
 calcium-channel blockers
 central agonists
 peripheral adrenergic inhibitor
 vasodilators
 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
CAUSES

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of high blood pressure because the

kidneys do not filter out fluid. This fluid excess leads to hypertension.

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 Risk factors

A number of risk factors increase the chances of having hypertension.

 Age: Hypertension is more common in people aged over 60 years. With age, blood

pressure can increase steadily as the arteries become stiffer and narrower due to plaque

build-up.

 Ethnicity: Some ethnic groups are more prone to hypertension.

 Size and weight: Being overweight or obese is a key risk factor.

 Alcohol and tobacco use: Consuming large amounts of alcohol regularly can

increase a person's blood pressure, as can smoking tobacco.

 Sex: The lifetime risk is the same for males and females, but men are more prone

to hypertension at a younger age. The prevalence tends to be higher in older women.

 Existing health conditions: Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic kidney

disease, and high cholesterol levels can lead to hypertension, especially as people get

older.

Other contributing factors include:

 physical inactivity

 a salt-rich diet associated with processed and fatty foods

 low potassium in the diet

 alcohol and tobacco use

 certain diseases and medications

A family history of high blood pressure and poorly managed stress can also contribute.

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Below is a 3-D model of hypertension, which is fully interactive.

Explore the model using your mouse pad or touchscreen to understand more about

hypertension.

SIGNS

Blood pressure can be measured by a sphygmomanometer, or blood pressure monitor.

Having high blood pressure for a short time can be a normal response to many situations.

Acute stress and intense exercise, for example, can briefly elevate blood pressure in a

healthy person.

For this reason, a diagnosis of hypertension normally requires several readings that show

high blood pressure over time.

The systolic reading of 130 mmHg refers to the pressure as the heart pumps blood around

the body. The diastolic reading of 80 mmHg refers to the pressure as the heart relaxes and

refills with blood.

SYMPTOMS

A person with hypertension may not notice any symptoms, and it is often called the

"silent killer." While undetected, it can cause damage to the cardiovascular system and

internal organs, such as the kidneys.

Regularly checking your blood pressure is vital, as there will usually be no

symptoms to make you aware of the condition.

It is maintained that high blood pressure causes sweating, anxiety, sleeping problems, and

blushing. However, in most cases, there will be no symptoms at all.

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 If blood pressure reaches the level of a hypertensive crisis, a person may experience

headaches and nosebleeds.

DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF HYPERTENSION

It is best to eat meals low in saturated fat, Tran’s fat, cholesterol, salt (sodium), and added

sugars. This is, of course, good dietary advice for everyone, regardless of blood pressure.

For people with high blood pressure, the main thing to watch out for is salt. Too much

salt or sodium can cause your body to retain fluid, which increases blood pressure.

People with hypertension may need to restrict sodium intake even more. The American

Heart Association (AHA) recommends an ideal limit of no more than 1,500 mg per day

for adults with high blood pressure. (2)

To stay on track, choose low-sodium and no-added-salt foods and seasonings, and read

nutrition facts labels carefully to determine the amount of sodium added to packaged and

processed foods. You may also want to try a heart-healthy diet, such as the DASH diet or

the Mediterranean diet.

DASH Diet

Once you're diagnosed with high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend the DASH

(Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan, which focuses on heart-healthy

foods that are low in fat, cholesterol, and sodium, and rich in nutrients, protein, and fiber.

These foods may include the following:

 Fruits
 Vegetables
 Whole grains

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 Fat-free or low-fat dairy products
 Fish
 Poultry
 Nuts
DASH limits the following:

 Red meats (including lean red meats)

 Sweets
 Added sugars
 Sugar-containing drinks
While your doctor will help tailor the DASH diet to your needs, the following is an

example of the recommended servings from each food group for someone on the diet

who is consuming 2,000 calories a day.

 6 to 8 servings a day of grains

 4 to 5 servings a day of vegetables
 4 to 5 servings a day of fruits
 2 to 3 servings a day of dairy
 Up to 6 servings a day of lean meat, poultry, and fish
 4 to 5 servings a week of nuts, seeds, and legumes
 2 to 3 servings a day of fats and oils
 Up to 5 sweets a week (6)
Mediterranean Diet

Common characteristics of a Mediterranean diet include the following:

 High consumption of fruits, vegetables, bread and other cereals, potatoes, beans,
nuts, and seeds
 Olive oil as a common monounsaturated fat source
 Dairy products, fish, and poultry are consumed in low to moderate amounts
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 Little red meat is eaten
 Eggs are consumed zero to four times a week
 Wine is consumed in low to moderate amounts

More in Diet and Nutrition

Get Plenty of Potassium

Potassium helps balance the amount of sodium in your cells, and not getting enough can

lead to too much sodium in your blood.

A diet with plenty of potassium helps prevent and control high blood pressure. The best

way to get potassium is to eat foods that are rich in the nutrient, such as fruits and

vegetables, rather than supplements. Also, if you have a history of severe kidney disease,

getting extra potassium (particularly through a supplement) can be dangerous. Talk to

your healthcare provider about the potassium level that is right for you. (3)

Limit Alcohol Consumption

Alcohol can raise your blood pressure, even if you don't have hypertension, so everyone

should monitor alcohol intake.

Women should limit themselves to one drink a day, while men should consume no more

than two drinks a day.

Supplements and High Blood Pressure

There’s no solid evidence that any supplement can lower your blood pressure, but some

experts believe that supplements may have some benefit.

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RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

RECOMMENDATION

I hereby recommend this Program to my fellow students, and take it serious because it is

a Program that will increase their knowledge and understanding on their field of course.

CONCLUSION

The student industrial work experience scheme has helped students in acquiring lots of

skills in their fields of study, particularly, I have gained so much experience and

knowledge about my field of study and also, I was exposed to the requirement of the

labor market and also how to interact and work with other co-workers. All these skilled

acquired are some of the aims and objectives of student industrial work experience

scheme (SIWES); therefore the student industrial work experience scheme should be

implemented and encouraged in all tertiary Institutions.

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