Space-occupying lesion lead to increase ICP ..

#headache
#Nausea/ vomiting mainly early morning
#papiledema
#disturbed level of consciousness
 are a group of cells and
associated cellular matrix whose
growth exceeds and is
uncoordinated with that of
normal tissue resulting in
disruption of normal tissue
architecture.
Brain tumor

1-primary
!"#$%&'()*
!"#$$%&%'#(%)* +& ,-%.#-/ 01

Arises from the brain tissue itself

 According to the type of cells of origin

1-astrocytic tumors: 8-meninges:meningiomas

astrocytoma 9-germ cell:germinoma
2-oligodendroglial tumors:
oligodendroglioma 10-sellar region
3-mixed:oligoastrocytoma tumor:craniopharyngio
4-choroid plexus 11-lymphomas
:c.p.papilloma 12-mesenchymal:lipoma
5-neuronal:gangliocytoma
6-pineal:pinealocytoma

Epindymal cells (lining the ventricular system) = epindymoma

 Grade 1,2 benign behavior

1-glioma
Grade 3,4 malignant behavior (G4 called Glioblastoma multiforme)

Most common primary tumor 60%

 2-ependymoma 5% from the intra cranial tumour
Arise from the
ependymal cell that
line the ventricular
system c& central
canal

Either supra
tentorial or infra
tentorial
intraventricular Type of epyndemoma
3-oligodendroglioma

Arise from the oligodendrocyte .. most common age opis the 3&4
decade of life
Location / frontal & temporal lobe
90% associated with calcification
Most common presentation is epilepsy
15% of the intra cranial tumor ..!,

4-meningioma
Most common benign tumor of the brain

Common in female more than male.. hormonal theory

Olfactory grove meningioma
SPHENIOD & OLFACTORY GROOVE
Clinical features
 Space-Occupying Lesion

!"#$%&# '$#( )*+ ,-%.%&#%/ '$#( .$0&. 1

.23,#43. 45 $&6-%".% 78!
9$&#-"6-"&$": ,-%..;-%<
=>(%"/"6(%?
2-nuasea & vomiting. Early morning & projectile
3-blured vision & papilloedema
4-disterb level of consciousness.
5-epilepsy
!"#$% & %'()*+(% ,--+./"$# *+ 0+-,*"+$ +1 ),*2+0+#"-,0 03%"+$
FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF BRAIN
Frontal lobe=contralateral weakness,motor
aphasia(dominant)
Parietal lobe=contralateral sensory
loss,sensory aphasia(dominant) Wernica area
Temporal lobe=epilepsy,memory disterbence
Occipital lobe=visual field defect & cortical
blindness
Diagnosis
-history
-clinical examination
-investigations
1-X-ray
2-brain CT-scan mass efffect
To see the tumor , midline shift ,

3-brain MRI
4-angiography Source of feeding blood vessels to the
tumors for possible embolization to
reduce bleeding during surgical excision
Treatment
- Measures to reduce ICP/ 5H

1-medical
Head elevation
Hyperventilation
Hypothermia
Hypertonic fluid

2-surgical
biopsy
Debulking Depend on tumour site size and
Subtotal
Total
accecepility

3-radiotherapy

4-chemotherapy
Secondary brain tumor
Cerebral metastasis are the most brain
tumor seen clinically,comprising slightly
more than 50% of brain tumors
Source of metastasis
1-lung CA
2-breast CA
3-kidney tumor
4-GIT tumor
5-melanoma
6-undetermined 10%
 But here multiple tumor
Clinical features:
same as primary tumor

Diagnosis:
same
Hyperintense dots of multiple masses within the brain parenchyma
Treatment

1-medical If there is large tumor or

if undetermined source to
2-surgery identify the type of tumour ..

3-radiotherapy
4-chemotherapy