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SMK TAMAN TUANKU JAAFAR

FINAL YEAR EXAM 2020


BIOLOGY FORM 4
KERTAS 2

1 Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show the movement of substances across plasma
membrane.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pergerakan bahan merentas membran
plasma.

Diagram 1.2 / Rajah 1.2

(a)(i) Name the parts labelled P and Q in Diagram 1.1.


Namakan bahagian yang berlabel P dan Q dalam Rajah 1.1.

P : Phospholipid bilayer / dwilapisan fosfolipid


Q : Carrier protein / Protein pembawa
[2 Marks / markah]

(a) (ii) Name the methods of movement of substances A and B through the
plasma membrane.
Namakan cara pergerakan bahan A dan B merentasi membran plasma.

Substance A / Bahan A: Facilitated diffusion / Resapan berbantu


Substance B / Bahan B: active transport / pengangkutan aktif
[2 Marks / markah]
(a) (iii) State two differences between the methods of movement shown in
Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2.

D1- methods of movement shown in Diagram 1.1 Substance moves down its
concentration gradient whereas in Diagram 1.2 Substance moves against its
concentration gradient
Cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1 Bahan
bergerak menuruni kecerunan kepekatan manakal Rajah 1.2. bahan
bergerak menentang kecerunan kepekatan

D2- methods of movement shown in Diagram 1.1 energy is not required


whereas in Diagram 1.2 energy is required
Cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1, tenaga tidak
diperlukan manakala Rajah 1.2. tenaga diperlukanTenaga diperlukan

D3 - methods of movement shown in Diagram 1.1 the process continues until a


dynamic equilibrium is reached whereas in Diagram 1.2 the process results
in either accumulation or elimination of sunstances.
Cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.1 ,Proses terus
berlaku sehingga satu keseimbangan dinamik tercapai manakala Rajah
1.2. proses mengakibatkan pengumpulan atau penyingkiran bahan

Or

Methods of movement shown in Diagram 1.1 Methods of movement shown in Diagram 1.2.
Cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan Cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.1. dalam Rajah 1.2.

Substance moves down its concentration Substance moves against its concentration
gradient gradient
Bahan bergerak menuruni kecerunan kepekatan Bahan bergerak menentang kecerunan
kepekatan
Energy is not required Energy is required
Tenaga tidak diperlukan Tenaga diperlukan
This process continues until a dynamic This process results in either accumulation or
equilibrium is reached elimination of sunstances.
Proses ini terus berlaku sehingga satu Proses ini mengakibatkan pengumpulan atau
keseimbangan dinamik tercapai. penyingkiran bahan
Any 2 / Mana-mana 2

[2 Marks / markah]

(b) (i) Diagram 1.3 shows the condition of a plant cell which has been
immersed in distilled water for an hour.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan keadaan satu sel tumbuhan yang telah direndam
di dalam air suling selama satu jam.
Diagram 1.3 / Rajah 1.3

The plant cell is taken out of the distilled water and immersed in
concentrated salt solution for another hour. What happen to the plant cell
and explain your answer.
Sel tumbuhan itu dikeluarkan daripada air suling dan direndam di
dalam larutan garam berkepekatan tinggi selama satu jam berikutnya.
Apa yang berlaku kepada sel tumbuhan dan terangkan jawapan anda.
F1 : Plasmolysis occurs / Plasmosis berlaku
P1: Concentrated salt solution is hypertonic compare to cell sap of plant
cell.
Larutan garam berkepekatan tinggi hipertonik berbanding sap sel,
sel tumbuhan.
P2 : Water (molecules) diffuses out of the plant cell by osmosis (into
surrounding solution).
Air meresap keluar daripada sel tumbuhan secara osmosis ke
larutan sekeliling
P3 : Cytoplasm / vacuole shrinks
Sitoplasma / vakuol mengecut
P4 : Plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall
Membran plasma tertarik menjauhi dinding sel

F and any 2 P / F dan mana-mana 2 P


[3 marks / markah]

2 Diagram 2 shows the biochemical processes involved molecules R, S and T


occur in organ P.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan proses biokimia yang melibatkan molekul R,S dan T
yang berlaku di dalam organ P.

Diagram 2 / Rajah 2
(a)(i) What is organ P?
Apakah organ P?

Organ P/ organ P : Small intestine / Usus Kecil


[1 mark/ markah]

(a)(ii) Name R, S and T.


Namakan R,S dan T.
R : Sucrase (enzyme) / (Enzim) sukrase
S : Sucrose / Sukrosa
T : Glucose / Glukosa
[3 marks / markah]

(b) What are two characteristics of R based on Diagram 2?


Apakah dua ciri R berdasarkan Rajah 2?
P1- tindak balas enzim R adalah amat spesifik / ia hanya boleh menjadi
pemangkin sejenis substrat
P2- enzim R tidak dimusnahkan setelah selesai proses tindak balas.

[2 marks/ markah]

3 Diagram 3 shows two cells taken from different parts of a flowering plant.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua sel yang diambil daripada bahagian yang berbeza
dalam tumbuhan berbunga.

Diagram 3 / Rajah 3
Cell P is taken from the anther while cell Q is taken from the root tip.
Sel P diambil daripada anter sementara sel Q diambil daripada hujung akar.

(a) Name the phase of division of cells P and Q.


Namakan fasa pembahagian sel P dan sel Q.

(i) Cell / Sel P :Anaphase I / anafasa I (ii) Cell / Sel Q : Anaphase / anafasa
[2 marks/ markah]

(b) Name the structure labelled K and L


Namakan struktur berlabel K dan L.

(i) Structure K / Struktur K : Chromatid / kromatid


(ii) Structure L / Struktur L : Spindle fibre / gentian gelendong
[2 marks/markah]

(c) Explain chromosomal behaviour during this phase of cell division at cell P
and cell Q.
Jelaskan perlakuan kromosom semasa fasa pembahagian sel pada sel P dan
sel Q.
(i) Cell / Sel P : the paired homologous chromosomes separate and move to
opposite poles
Pasangan kromosom homolog berpisah dan bergerak ke
kutub bertentangan.
(ii) Cell / Sel Q : the chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to
opposite poles
Kromatid setiap kromosom berpisah dan bergerak ke
kutub bertentangan..
[2 marks/ markah]

(e) State the final number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.


Nyatakan bilangan kromosom dalam sel-sel baharu

(i) Cell P / Sel P : 2


(ii) Cell Q / Sel Q : 4
[2 marks/ markah]

4 Diagram 4 shows the endocrine system in the body of a human.


Rajah 4 menunjukkan sistem endokrin manusia
Diagram 4 / Rajah 4

(a)(i) Name the hormones secreted by gland P and Q.


Namakan hormone yang dirembeskan oleh kelenjar P dan Q

P : Thyroxine / Tiroksina
Q : ADH // FSH // LH // TSH // ACTH // GH // Oxytocin
Antidiuresis // hormon perangsang folikel // hormon peluteinan //
hormon perangsang tiroid // adrenokortikotrof // hormon
Pertumbuhan // oksitosin
[2 marks/markah]

(a) (ii) In diagram 4, name the gland label with letter R, S and T.
Di dalam rajah 4, namakan kelenjar yang labelkan dengan huruf R, S
dan T.
R: Pancreas / pankreas
S : Adrenal gland / kelenjar adrenal
T : Ovary / ovari
[3 mark/markah]
(b) Some people have the symptom their gland P grows two or three times its
size.
Kadang-kadang terdapat manusia yang mempunyai simptom kelenjar P yang
membesar sehingga dua atau tiga kali saiz sebenar.
(i) Name the condition mentioned above.
Namakan keadaan yang dinyatakan di atas.
Hyperthyroidism / hipertiroidisme
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) Explain why this above problem occur?
Terangkan mengapa masalah diatas berlaku?
Too much thyroxine is secreted / rembesan tiroksina terlalu banyak
[1 mark/markah]

5 Diagram 5 shows human muscles and bones involve in bending the arm.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan otot dan tulang manusia yang terlibat semasa
pembengkokan lengan.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

(a)(i) Name tissue X and joint W


Namakan tisu X dan sendi W

Tissue X / Tisu X : Tendon / tendon


Joint W / Sendi W : Hinge joint / Sendi engsel
[2 marks / markah]

(a)(ii) Explain what will happen to the movement of arm if tissue X is torn off?
Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada pergerakan lengan jika
tisu X mengalami kecederaan dan terkoyak?
P1- (When tissue X is torn off), pulling force from contraction of
muscle cannot be transmitted to the bone
(Apabila tisu X koyak), daya tarikan daripada pengecutan otot tidak
dapat dipindahkan ke tulang.
P2 – Causing the arm cannot be bend
Menyebabkan Lengan tidak dapat dibengkokan
Any one / mana-mana satu
[1 marks / markah]
(b) Explain the action of muscle which cause the movement of forearm in
Diagram 5
Terangkan tindakan otot-otot yang menyebabkan pergerakan lengan seperti
dalam Rajah 5
P1 – the action of muscles is antagonistic
Otot bertindak secara berantagonis
P2 – When the biceps muscle contract, the triceps muscle relax
Bila otot bisep mengecut, otot trisep mengendur
P3 – The radius is pulled upwards, .
Tulang radius ditarik ke atas
P4 – Causing the arm to bend
Menyebabkan Lengan dibengkokan
[4 marks / markah]

6 Diagram 6 shows a foetus in the mother’s uterus.


Diagram 6 menunjukkan fetus di dalam uterus ibunya.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6
(a) Structure X is connected to the foetus via the umbilical cord.
Struktur X dihubungkan kepada fetus melalui tali pusat.

(i) Name structure X.


Namakan struktur X.
Placenta / plasenta
[ 1 marks/ markah]

(ii) Explain one functions of structure X.


Terangkan satu fungsi struktur X
F1-The placenta is the exchange site of substances between mother and
foetus.
Plasenta ialah tapak pertukaran bahan antara fetus dan ibu
P1: Glucose, amino acids, hormones, antibodies and oxygen are absorbed
from the mother’s blood into the foetal blood capillaries.
Glukosa, asid amino, hormon, antibodi dan oksigen meresap dari darah
ibu ke dalam kapilari darah fetus.
P2: Carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste such as urea are absorbed from the
foetal blood capillaries into the mother’s blood circulation.
Karbon dioksida dan bahan buangan bernitrogen seperti urea meresap
dari kapilari darah fetus ke dalam darah ibu.

F2-The placenta also acts as an endocrine organ that secretes hormones


during pregnancy.
Plasenta juga bertindak sebagai organ endokrin yang merembes
hormon semasa kehamilan.
P3- The placenta will replace corpus luteum in producing progesterone and
oestrogen needed to maintain endometrial thickness.
Plasenta menggantikan korpus luteum dalam penghasilkan progesteron
dan estrogen yang diperlukan untuk mengekalkan ketebalan
endometrium.

F3 : Forms a selective barrier between the mother’s blood and the foetal
blood.
Membentuk penghalang selektif diantara darah ibu dan darah fetus
P4: prevent certain toxic substances/ pathogen in the mother’s blood from
entering the foetal blood.
Menghalang beberapa bahan bertoksik / patogen dalam darah ibu
daripada masuk ke daran fetus.

F4 : Give protection to the foetus


Memberi perlindungan kepada bayi
P5 : Antibodies are passed from the mother to the foetus
Antibodi disalurkan daripada ibu ke fetus
P6 : Allows embryo to attach to the uterine wall
Membenarkan embrio melekat ke dinding uterus
P7 : Prevent the mixing of mother bloods and the foetus blood.
Menghalang percampuran darah ibu dan darah fetus.
P8 : protect the foetus from the higher pressure of the mother’s blood, which
could damage the delicate foetal blood vessels.
Melindungi fetus daripada tekanan yang tinggi daripada darah ibu, yang
boleh memusnahkan sakur darah fetus yang halus

[Any F with P’s respectively]


[ 2 marks/ markah ]
(b) State one difference between the content of the blood in umbilical artery
and umbilical vein.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan di antara kandungan darah dalam arteri tali pusat
dengan vena tali pusat.

P1 : Umbilical artery carry deoxygenated blood / high carbon dioxide


concentration / less oxygen concentration (from the foetus to the
placenta) whereas umbilical vein carry oxygenated blood / high
oxygen content (from placenta to the foetus).
Arteri talipusat membawa darah terdeoksigen / darah tinggi kepekatan
karbon dioksida / kurang kepekatan oksigen (daripada fetus ke
plasenta )
manakala vena tali pusat membawa darah beroksigen daripada plasenta
ke fetus.
P2 : Umbilical artery carry blood contain nitrogenous waste product/urea
from the foetus to the placenta whereas umbilical vein carry blood
contain nutrients/ mineral salts, glucose/ amino acids/lipids /
vitamin
from placenta to the foetus
Arteri talipusat membawa darah yang mengandungi hasil buangan
bernitrogen / urea daripada fetus ke plasenta manakala vena tali pusat
membawa darah yang mengandungi nutrien / garam mineral /glukosa
/ asid amino / lipid/vitamin daripada plasenta ke fetus.

Note : mesti bezakan ikut ciri-ciri yang sama

[ 2 marks/ markah ]

(c) Puan Lisa who is Rhesus negative is pregnant. During her first pregnancy, she
carries a foetus which is Rhesus positive . The development of the first foetus was
not affected. However during her second pregnancy , if the foetus is Rhesus
positive, the foetus will be harmed. Puan Lisa should seek medical advice to
prevent this condition .

Puan Lisa mempunyai Rhesus negatif telah hamil. Semasa kehamilan pertama ,
dia mempunyai fetus Rhesus positif. Perkembangan fetus pertamanya tidak
terjejas. Walaubagaimanapun, untuk kehamilan kedua, jika fetus mempunyai
Rhesus positif, kesan yang membahayakan akan berlaku ke atas fetus. Puan Lisa
harus mendapatkan nasihat perubatan untuk mencegah keadaan tersebut
berlaku.
(i) Explain the condition that occur during Puan Lisa’s second pregnancy.
Terangkan keadaan yang berlaku semasa kehamilan kali kedua Puan Lisa.
(ii)
P1- (During Puan Lisa’s second pregnancy), the foetus will experience
erythroblastosis fetalis.
(Semasa kehamilan kali kedua Puan Lisa), fetus akan mengalami
erythroblastosis fetalis.
P2- The anti-D antibodies in the mother’s blood cross the placenta and
destroy the red blood cells of that foetus.
Antibodi anti-D dalam darah ibu akan merentas plasenta dan
memusnahkan sel darah merah fetus tersebut.

P2- The foetus may suffer from severe anaemia/ jaundice/ damage to the
heart/ liver /brain /may die.
Fetus mungkin menderita anemia yang teruk / jaundis / kemusnahan
jantung / hati / otak / mungkin mati
Any two P’s / mana-mana 2P

[2 marks/ markah ]

(iii) How can this problem be avoided ?.


Bagaimanakah masalah ini dapat dielak dari berlaku?
P1- A mother will be given an injection of anti-Rhesus antibodies /
anti-Rhesus globulins after the first child is born
Ibu akan diberikan suntikan antibodi anti-rhesus / globulin anti Rhesus
selepas kelahiran anak pertama

P2- to destroy and prevent the formation of the anti-Rh antibodies in her
future pregnancies.
Untuk memusnahkan dan menghalang pembentukan antibodi
anti-Rhesus dalam kehamilan akan datang.
[ 2 marks/markah ]
(d) A woman who is a heavy smoker is pregnant. Explain why she should stop
smoking.
Seorang perempuan yang kuat merokok disahkan hamil. Terangkan mengapa
beliau mesti berhenti merokok.
F1 : chemical such as nicotine from cigarette smoke can diffuse through
placenta to the foetus
Bahan kimia seperti nikotin daripada asap rokok boleh meresap melalui
plasenta ke fetus
P1 : the growth of foetus will be retarded/ decrease
Pertumbuhan fetus akan terbantut / berkurang
F2 : Carbon monoxide can diffuse through placenta.
Karbon moksida boleh meresap melalui plasenta
P2 : body tissue will lack of oxygen and reduce its growth / miscarriage.
Tisu badan akan kekurangan oksigen dan berkurangan tumbuseran /
keguguran
[ any 1F + 1P]
Note : Any suitable correct answer also accepted
Mana2 jawapan yang sesuai yang betul boleh juga diterima

[2 marks/markah]

Disediakan oleh : Pn.Boon @ Embun Binti Eli

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