MIZO HERITAGE & CULTURE

— H.Laldinmawia
Assistant Professor
Department of Mizo, Pachhunga University College

UNIT – I : MIZO HNAM TOBUL

(a) Mizo tobul leh thlang tlak dan

(b) Mizoram luah tan dan
(c) Mizo tawng kalhmang leh tobul
(d) Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrang te
(e) Mizo in lal an neih tan dan

Mizo tobul leh thlang tlak dan

1. Leilung pian chhuah dan (creation myth) (Khuazingnu, Tuihriam chanchin, lui leh tlang lo pian dan,
pi pute geography)

2. Mizo tobul (origin of mankind) (Chhinlung — lei kua atanga lo chhuak, Chhinlung khaw chhuak,
Great Wall of China)

3. Pipute thlang tlak dan (Engvanga thlang tla nge? Burma ramah - Chin Hillas-ah, Shan ho hlauh
vang, ei leh bar zawnna vang)

- Khawvel siamtu chu ‘Khuazingnu’ an ti.

- Lei hi a rova, van tukverh a inhawng a, vanchung nula in tui an chawi
- Theirah, mihring leh rannung a siam

1. a. Tui hriam chanchin:

Hmanlai hian leilung (land) hi a la awm lova, khawvel chu lung leh khawrawk hlirin a khat a, chutah
chuan lui pakhat ‘Tuihriam’ an tih hi a luang a. Chu lui chu a vawt em em a, tumah a ral lehlama hleuh kai thei
an awm lo. A tawpah chuan sakuh (porcupine) hi thi chhawngin a va hleuh kai a, ral lehlama lei chu a hmui
hmawrin tlem te a nawr a, chu chu a rawn hawn thei hram a ni, Chu lei tlem te chu Pangchat hian a ei a, a e
leh a, a ei leh a a e leh thin a, tichuan lei tam tak a lo awm thei ta a ni. Chu lei chu ‘Chulteinu’ an tih chuan
rual takin a chul mar put mai a ni.

b. Lui leh tlang lo pian dan:

Chulneituin a lei hulmar lai takah chuan thing lian tak mai ‘Thing vantawng’ hi a ding a. Chu thing lian
tak mai chu kih tluk an rel ta a, an han kit chu lei a lo la nem bawk si a, a kungin a delh chu lui lian a lo ni a, a
tangin a delh chu lui te niin, lui leh lui inkar te chu tlang a lo ni ta a, leilung chu a lo piang ta a ni.

(c) Pi pute geography:

(1) Khawvel hi Satel lianpui chungah a innghat a, Satel a chet chang chuan lir a nghing
(2) Khawvel hi a phek duai a, van hian belthleng angin a khuh duai bawk a,
a khuh phak chin chu a hmuar uar
(3) Khawpui ri hi Pu vana thleng hnuh ri a ni (Thlan vawng thleng)
(4) Vanchung nula in tui an chawi (ruah tur)
(5) Kawlkil tawpah sunhlu kung a awm

Mizo tobul leh thlang tlak dan (mizo tobul)

Hetiang hian theory pathumah a khaikhawm theih
— Lei kua atanga lo chhuak
 — Chhinlung khaw chhuak
— Great Wall of China atanga lo chhuak

Lei kua atanga lo chhuak :

Hmanlaiin thima zing thut a, inleh runpui a thleng, mihring chu arsi-ah, sava-ah leh thil dangah an
chang. Anamahni siamtu Khuazingnu chu a mangang a, hnam hrang hrang mihring nupa tuak khat zel lain
khur thuk takah a khung a, lungin a chhin tlat a, chu chu ‘Chhinlung’ an ti. Chhinlungah chuan mihring an lo
pung a, Khuazingnu chuan a hawng ta a, Ralte ho an lo chhuah chuan an bengchheng lutuk a, a khar ta a ni.

Chhinlung khawchhuak:
Mizo lo chhuahna bul chu Mongolian thlah Tibeto-Burman atangin a ni a, China leh Tibet ramahte an
awm a, Tibet-a an awmlai hian Mizova a lo piang ta a ni. A unaute chu Mirua leh Marua-te an ni. Awmhmun
nghet teh chiam an nei lo va, Burma ramahte pawh an lo awm tawh a, chumi hnuah Chinzua (Chen-Yuan)-ah
an lo awm ta ni berin a lang. Kum tam tak hnuah Sakai (Irrawaddy) lui kânin Aupataung-ah kum A.D. 1000 vêl
khân an lo awm ta a. Heta an awm laia Mizova thlahte zínga lal pakhat chu a hming Chhìnglunga a ni a, chu-
vàngin ‘Chhìnglung khua’ tih a ni thin a, tûnah chuan ‘Chhìnlung’ tih a lo ni ta.

Chhìnlungah chuan kum rei tak an awm a. Mizova thlahte pawh an pung tam ta hle a. Chhìnlunga
chuan Thlahpa a hring a, Thlahpa chuan Duhliana, Taichênga leh Hrûmtunga a hring leh a. Duhlian ho chuan
Mizova tawng pianpui chu an chhawm ta zêl a, chu chu vawiin thlenga Lusei tawng, Mizo tawng kan tih tâk
hi a ni. Thlahpa fate pathum Duhliana, Taichênga leh Hrûmtunga te hi Mizo hnam hlâwm hrang lian pui pui
pathuma thenna bul an lo ni a ta a ni.

Mizova thlahte chuan Chhìnlung chu chhuahsanin Rún leh Chindwin infinna Rúnkhâwm (Kalewa)-ah
an lo insawn leh ta a. Rúnkhâwma an awm tirh lai hi A.D. 1200 vêl niin an ring. Rúnkhâwm atang hian hnam
hlâwm hrang lian leh tê te pawh an lo darh ta a ni. Chûng hnamte chu Chhìnlunga an lo awm hma leh awm
hnu leh Rúnkhâwma an lo awm laia lo pêng chhuakte an ni hlawm. An za chuan mahni zâwn theuhvah thlang
lo tlain Mizoram leh a chheh vêlah an lo darh ta a ni. Chûngte chu an zain Mizova thlah, Chhìnlung chhuak an
ni theuh a ni. (Liangkhaia)

Sawi dan dang :

China lal pakhat chuan a fapa ‘Chhinlunga’ chu a lana ram leh a In atangin a hnawtchhuak a, chutia a
pa berin a hnawhchhuah takah chuan a khaw mipui thahnem tham tak chu khawthar kai puiin a pemchhuah
pui a. Chutia khaw thar an din takah chuan, an khua-ah chuan mi chi hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrang an
pem lut a, khaw lian leh ropui tak, khaw upa leh mipui tam zawkna thin khua te pawh an awt bik lova, inngeih
leh lungrual takin an khawsa ho a ni. Chu an khaw dinna chu tuna Chindwin zo emaw Awksatlang emaw vel
a nih thu a sawi tel bawk.

Amaherawhchu, vanduaithlak takin an lal Chhinlunga chu a dam rei lo hle mai a, a lana leh roluahtu
tur fapa pawh nei hman lovin a thi a ni. Chutia an lalpa ber a thih takah chuan a khaw mipuite chu tapin an
rum a, a tawpah phei chuan mipui te chu hmun hrang hrangah an pem darh ta chiam a. A then chhim lamah,
a then hmar lamah, a then chhak leh thlang lamah te an kal a, an khaw ropui tak mai pawh chu an pem darh
san ta vek a ni.

Chutianga Chhinlung khua atanga lo pem darh te chuan ‘Chhinlung khaw chhuak kan ni’ an ti thin a,
chu chu ‘Chhinlung chhuak’ tiin a awlsam zawngin an sawi ta zel mai a ni. (K.Zawla)

Great Wall of China atanga chhuak :

China lal hmasa ber Shih Huangti an tih chuan a lal lai, BC 228 velah khan ‘Great Wall of China’ tih khi
a din a. Chutah chuan a ram mipuite chu hnathawk turin a chhawr nasa hle niin an sawi. An thawh rim avangin
mi tam tak an thi a, he kulh hi kalsan an chak em em thin. Mahse, kulh chu sipai in an ven avangin an kalchhuak
thei lo a ni. China sorkar rorelna a tawp a, inrelbawlna mumal a awm loh lai takin mipui chu an chhuak ta
mur mur mai a, thenkhatin Shanghai lam an pan a, thenkhatin hmun dang. Chumi chhuak zingah chuan Mizo
pi leh pu te pawh hi an tel ve ngei nia rin a ni. Hei hi a dik a nih chuan Chhin-lung chhuak tiha Chhinlung hi BC
200 vel tihna a ni. Amaherawhchu, BC 200 vela khi kulh khi rawn chhuahsan tahw an nih si chuan, thlang an
rawn tla muang hle tihna a ni dawn a. Historian ten pi leh pute Mizoram an rawn luh hun chu AD 1700 vel nia
an sawi bawk si avangin, a kara heti chen chen an thang hi a awihawm lo deuh. Chuvang chuan China lal fapa
‘Chhinlunga khaw chhuak’ tih hi a pawmawm ber a ni. (K.Zawla)

MIZO PIPUTE THLANG TLAK DAN

(a) Ei leh bar vang
(b) Indona vang
(c) awmhmun nghet neih loh vang

Burma ramah :
Chinese leh Mizo thlahtu Tibeto Burman tawng hmang te chu an in ngeih lova, Chinese chuan Lawi,
bawng leh vawk an vulh a,, Tibeto Burman chuan Kel leh beram an vulh a, ran tlatna inchuh avangin an intibuai
a, Burma ram lamah an chhuk. Tichuan ‘Chindwind valley’ atangin ‘Kabaw valley’an an chhuk a, chu chu ‘Kawl-
phai’ an ti. Kawl tih tawngkam tam tak — Kawlhnam, Kawlhrei, Kawltu, Kawlbahra, Kawlhai, Kawlthei, Kawl-
fung, Kawlhren, Kawl per tih te pawhin kawlphaia an awm laia lo chhuak a ni. Hemi hnu hian Khampat velah
an awm leh a ni.

Chin Hills:
Khampat atang chuan Chin hils lamah an lo kal a, Burma ram chhung tantlang velah te, Manipur lamah
te, Mizoramah te an lo lut thla ta a. Shan ho ral hlauh vangin an rawn tlan chhe thla ni berin an sawi thin.

Khampat atang chuan Chinhils lamah an lo kal a, Burma ram chhung tantlang velah te, Manipur lamah
te, Mizoramah te an lo lut thla ta a. Shan ho ral hlauh vangin an rawn tlan chhe thla ni berin an sawi thin.

“Thi lovi khua awm maw, fam lovi khua awm maw,
Laiah suanglungpui e, fam lo ten awm na ngai” (Chawngchen zai)

1. Thlang tlak dan hun indawt

Chindwin valley vela awm lai AD 800-850 vel
Khampat vela awm lai AD 1250 vel
Thantlang leh run inkara awm lai vel AD 1250-1400
Lentlang leh tiau inkar AD 1450-1700
Tiau rawn kan thlak AD 1700
Selesih sangsarih vanglai AD 1740-1750

2. Mizo hnahthlak hnam te thlang tlak dan

Hmar ho an lut hmasa ber (Biate, Khawbung, Khawzawl, Thiak, Ngur, Chhungte, Ruantlang, Lungtan
etc)
Ralte hovin an dawt leh
Lusei ho (Sailo, Pachuau etc)
Lai ho (pawi etc)
Mara ho
Paite ho
Fanai ho

3. Khawpui ding hmasa te

Dungtlang sangthum — AD 1670-1680 (Palian lal ho an awmkhawm Buara, Hulaiana, Bulpuia)
Selesih sangsarih — Kawlha, lalhluma, Rohnaa, Lalchera, Darpuiliana, Darliankuala, Lalsailova
AD 1740-1750
Tualte vanglai - In sangkhat - Vanhnuailiana - 1861
Khawpui din a tul chhan:
1. Sa leh ral laka an him nan
2. An ropuizia lantirna atan
3. In kungkaihna tha neihna atan

MIZO THUMAL TOBUL

— Tunhma chuan ‘Mizo’ tih bik an awm ngai lo
— Mc Cabe (Lalman sap) khan a lehkhabu-ah ‘Mizo/Mizau’ tih chu 1892-ah a hmang. A hmang hmasa ber
nia ngaih a ni.
— 1903 – Mizo kan ni lawm ilangin – Zosapthara
— 1912 – A fly on the wheel - TH Lewin (Thangliana) ‘Dzo’
— 1935 – Young Mizo Association, Mizo Zirlai pawl
— 1942 – Mizo Union
— 1952 – Mizo District Council
— 1986 – Mizoram

(Saikuti hlaa ‘Mizo lu ngenin’ tih hi ‘Bawmzo lu ngenin’ tih a ni. Saikuti hi Mizo tih hmang hmasatu a ni lo)

MIZO TAWNG TOBUL

1. Tawng tobul
(a) Pathian pek — Genesis-ah Adama’n ramsa hming a vuah. BC 600 vel khan Pharoah pakhat in experiment
a buatsaih. Naupang pahnih beram zingah a dah a, a tawpah Phrygian tawng ‘Bekos’ (chhang) tihna an hria.
Hetiang chiah hian BC 1500-ah Scotland lal James IV in a enchhin, naupang te chu rei tak hnuah Hebrai tawngin
an tawng.
(b) Thil ri dang atangin — Pooh pooh theory, ding dong theory.
German - bam bam,
Spain - din dan,
English - ding dong,
Vai - tang tang
Mizo - bel bel
(c) Awka leh chetze tangkawp - Gesture
(d) Pian ken - Physiological adaptation - Voice box, vocal chord

2. Mizo tawng tobul leh kalhmang:

— Tibeto chinese (Sino Tibetan) - Sino Tibetan Proper - Tibeto Burman - Assam Burmese - Mizo (Hmar,
Lai, Paite, Lusei, Mara, Paite, ralte, Kuki etc) - GA Grierson - Linguistic survey of india 1967)

— Kum 1869 hmalam zawng kha chuan Mizo tawng hi inbiakna (communication) atan hman a ni ber
a, hla leh thawnthu inhlanchhawn nan te pawh an hmang bawk ang. Kum 1864-a Chittagong hill tracs enkawl
tura Superintendent hna chelhtu, Sapho zinga Mizo ten an kawm tlangnel hmasak ber Lt. Col. Thomas Herbert
Lewin (Thangliana) chuan 1869 khan ‘ The Hill Tracks of Chittagong and the Dwellers Therein : With Compar-
ative Vocabulary of the Hill Dialects’ tih a ziakah khan Mizo hnahthlak hnam hrang hrang ten tawng khaikhinna
a ziak a, Mizo tawng thumal ngawt pawh 186 zet a ziak a ni.

TH Lewin hian kum 1870 khan ‘Wild Races of South Eastern India’ tih lehkhabu a ziak leh a, hetah hian
Sap tawnga Mizo chanchin a ziah mai bakah amahin Mizo tawng a ngaihthlak atangin Mizo tawng thumal
thenkhat chu ziakin a dah a — Lusei tih chu Lhoosai tiin a ziak a, Khuavang chu Koa-vang, Pathian chu Patyen,
Lal chu Lal, Thlanrawkpa chu Tlandrok-pah, Vanhnuailiana chu Vanhuilen ti tein a lo ziak bawk.

Heng bakah hian a lehkhabu ziak dang ‘Progressive Colloquial Exercise in the Lushai Dialect of the Dzo
of Kuki languages with vacabularies and Popular Tales’ (1874) leh ‘A Fly on the Wheels’ (1912)-ah te chuan
Mizo tawnga thuziak awmze nei (written literature)-a bul tantu a ni a, hawrawp hmanga Mizo tawng, ziaka
dah hmasa ber a ni hial awm e.
 Kum 1894-a Arthington Mission hnuaia Mizorama Chanchin |ha hril tura lo kal, Pu Buanga (JH Lorain)
leh Sap Upa (FW Savidge) te khan TH Lewin-a lehkhabu ziak te hi an hmang tangkai hle a. Heng lehkhabu an
hmuh atang te leh Mizo sumdawng, Silchara kal thin te an lo kawmna atangin Mizorama an lo luh hma, Silchar-
a an awm lai 1893 khan A, aw, b hi an lo siam fel vek tawh a. 13 Kum 1894-a Mizoram an lo luh hnuah heng
an a, aw, b siam te hi midang an zirtir ta chauh a ni.

Kum 1869-a TH Lewin-a’n Mizo hawrawp a lo ziak atanga chhut chuan kum 2014 hian Mizo
hawrawp/thuziak chu kum 145 chauha upa a la ni a, kum 1893-a a,aw, b siam a nih atanga chhiar phei chuan
kum 120 chauh a la ni.

3. Mizo tawng danglamna:

1. Tawng thluk nei (tonal language)
2. SOV — Liana’n Sakei a that. English SVO - Liana kills a tiger.
3. Double adjective/double adverb — Liana a lo kal boh boh, Pari chu hmeltha ving veng tak a ni.
4. Hawrawp a nghet (English - December, Cancer -‘e’ rik dan a in ang lo. Mizo tawngah a awm ve lo)
5. Hla thu (poetical word) a hausa — Nula - lanu, siali etc.
6. |awng upa-ah a hausa -
7. Thil sawifiahna tawngkam a tam - hmai phih, kut sil, lu su (wash - english)

ZO HNAHTHLAK HRANG HRANGTE

Lusei (Tribe):
(Zahnuaka thlah (lal chi- 6: Zadeng, Palian, Rokhum, Rivung, Thangluah, Thangur), Thangura thlah
(Lalchi 4 - Chawnglul, Thangmang, Sailo, Chenkual) Pachuau (8), Chhangte (9), Chuaungo, Chawngte,
Chuauhang, Hauhnar, Hrahsel, Vanchhawng, Chhakchhuak, Hualhang, Kunkhua)
Hmar (tribe):
(Thiak, Lungtau, Chawhte, Chawnthei, Lawithang, Zote, Darngawn, Ngurte, Khawbung, Faihriem,
Khawlhring, Vangsie, Ngente, Leiri, Changsan, Biete, Hrangkhawl, Sakechep, Bawm, Chiru, Pang, Aimol, Halam,
Darlong, Kom)
Pawi (Tribe) :
(Hauhulh, Hlawncheu, Tlau, Fanai, Sukte)
Ralte (Tribe):
(Lelhchhun, Khelte, Siakeng, Kawlni)
Paite (Tribe) :
(No sub tribe - family 220)
Thado/Kuki (Tribe):
(Chawngthu (9) No sub tribe (35)
Gangte (Tribe):
(Thanglun, Hilkhiang, Neihsial, Thangzawm)
Vaiphei (Tribe):
Suantak, Vangluah Khaute
Simte (Tribe)
(Ngaihte, Dim)
Zo (Zou) (Tribe)
(Manlun, Samte, Dopmul, Tungnung, Phiamphu)
Mara (tribe)
(22 sub tribes)

Mizo
— Duhlian (Tukkhuma sam zial)
— Hrumtung (Chhipa sam zial)
— Tai cheng (Sam phiar)
MIZOTEN LAL AN NEIH TAN DAN
Hnam hrang hrang ten a tia lal an neih chhan chu Indonaa hotu tur an duh vang a ni tlangpui a, chumi
hnuah roreltu leh khawtlang awptu an ni zui thin. Mizo pipute Lentlang vela an awm lai AD 1400 -1450 vel
khan mihuaisen leh chak deuh te chu Lal angin an awm tawh. Mahse an hnenah chhiah (tax) an la pe lo.
(B.Lalthangliana) Mizo te hian Run leh Tiau inkara an awm laiin Lal an nei tan niin an sawi a. Chu chu AD 1500-
1700 vel a ni (Mizoram District Gazetteers 1989)

Seipui khuaa Lusei Pasalthaho Run kam vela rammu chuan mipa naupang an chhar a, chu naupang
chu ‘Chhuahlawma’ an ti a. Chhuahlawma pa chu ralnaa an ni a, Ralnaa pa chu Sihsinga a ni a, Sihsinga pa
chu Niguitea a ni.

Chhuahlawma chuan nupui a nei a, a fa hmingah Zahmuaka a sa a, zahmuaka fate chu – Zadenga,
Paliana, Thangluaha, Thangura, Rivunga leh Rokhuma te an ni.

Zahmuaka te chhungkua chu an pa rual em avangin Seipui khua chuan lal atan an sawm a. Lal nih chu
nuam a ti vak lova, a khua te chuan a hlawh atan kumtin buh pek an tiam a, hei hi ‘Lal Fathang’ lo chhuah dan
niin an sawi.

N Chatterji chuan a lehkhabu- Mizo Chiefs and his administrations (1975)-ah chuan Pa rual chhungkua
leh mi chak chhungkua chu Lal atan an sawm mai thin niin a sawi.

Mizo khawpui lian hmasa Selesih sangsarih (AD 1740-1750) ah khan sailo lal 7 an awm , chungte chu
— Kawlha, Darliankuala, Darpuiliana, Rohnaa, Lalchera, Lalchhuma. Thangchunga te an ni. (B.Lalthangliana)

Dungtlang sangthum (AD 1670-1680)-ah khan Palian lal pathum an awm (K.Zawla)

Sailo lal te kha an chak ber a, a chhan chu administration an thiam vang niin an sawi a, Bristish lo luh
thleng khan an lal hlawm a ni.

MIZO LAL BER KAIRUMA

Vuta fapa Kairuma hi lal fing tak chu a. 1902 a bawrhsap J.Shakespeare (Superintendet, Lushai
Hills)hova, Viceroy hmu tura Silcharaa an kal khan Viceroy in “In zingah tunge lal ber’ tia Mizo lalho an zawh
khan. Tuman an chhang thei si lova Kairuma erawh chuan “Keimah” tih nachang kha a lo hre pek niawm tak
a ni. A thih ni March 1912 thleng khan bawrhsapte khan an lal ber chei zui ta zel a ni. Tiin, Mizo Lal Ber Kairuma
Sailo tih ziaktu Rev . Zokima chuan a sawi.

1912 khan Mizoram ah lal 312 an la awm a, Sap hovin min awp tawh avangin chutih laia Bawrhsap
chu Hezlett-a a ni. Bawrhsap chuan “Ka ram chhunga lal leh hnamchawm te ho chanchin ka hrechiang duh
e,” a ti a. Tichuan, September 1912 khan lal leh hnamchawm ho chu lammualah a ko khawm ta. Hetah hian
lal zinga hausa ber te, hnamchawm zinga hausa ber te, Lal zinga lian ber te, kut chak ber te, taksa lian ber te
an thlang chhuak a, lawmman an pe zel a ni.

Bawrhsap chuan lal khawngaihna ngah ber leh zaidam ber, mahni khaw vawng fai ber atan Kairuma
Sailo lal Tlaikuang (Biatea an insawn hmaa an khua a ni) ami a thlanga “Khawi chin nge i lal ram” a ti a. Kairuma
chuan,”Thlang lam ah Reng lal nen kan inri a, chhaklam ah Tiau chin” a ti hem mai (Mizoram pum ang a ni.
Lal dang an awm ve vek a, huai ve tak a ni). Bawrhsap hian a ngaisang bawk aniang parthi leh thutna pek
bakah TUAL VAWI THUM THLENG THAH PHALNA A PE. Hemi tum a Lawman an pek ho hi Medal an pe tel vek
bawk a, an mahni zah entir nan leh chibai buk nan Bawrhsap chuan Zemabawk lam hawiin laipui a kah tir a
tin Bawrhsap hian sipai ho an mahni tih hlim nan darkar khat a lam tir bawk a tichuan an tin ta a ni.
(misual.com)
UNIT – II : MIZO KHAWTLANG INAWPDAN/INRELBAWL DAN
(a) Khawtlang inawp dan kalhmang
(b) Lal leh khawnbawl upate
(c) Val upa leh pasalthate
(d) Mipuite chanvo
(e) Zawlbuk pawimawhna
(f) Tlawmngaihna

KHAWTLANG IN AWP DAN KALHMANG

HIERARCHY:
LAL
UPA MIN
KHAWNBAWL UPA
RAMHUAL
ZALEN
PUITHIAM
THIRDENG
TLANGAU
MIPUI
BAWIH LEH SAL

Khawtlang in awp dan kalhmang

MIPUI/HNAMCHAWM (COMMONERS)
MITHA LEH MICHHIA (MIRETHEI)
THANGCHHUAHPA
VAL UPA
PASALTHA
MIPUI

(a) Lal : Lal te kha a tirah chuan pa rual chhungkua leh huaisen atangin an thlang a, chumi hnuah khawtlang
rorelna leh thuneitu ber an ni ta a ni. Ram zawng zawng an ta a ni a, chhiah chi hrang hrang an khawn thei.

Lal in chu veng laili-ah a awm a, lian pui a ni. A hmasa ber chu Sumhmun a ni a, a dawt chu Vanlung a ni,
Bawihho chenna hmun zau tak a ni. A dawt leh chu Dawvan kaina a ni a, lal chhuatpui ber a ni a, tapchhak a
awm a, lal leh upate zu inna hmun a ni, rorelna hmun a ni bawk. A dawt leh chu chhungkaw riahna a ni a, a
piah chu ‘bahzar’ a ni a, chhun lama inkawmna leh nulate puantahna a ni.

(b) Khawlbawl upa: lal rorelna pui turin Khawlbawl upa an awm leh a, chung mite chu lal in a mi duhzawng a
ruat thin. Thangchhuah pa te pawh ruat chang an awm. Khawnbawl upa hi chi hnihin a sawi theih a, pakhat
chu ‘Upa min’ a ni a, chu chu upa zinga kum lama upa leh lal pawhin rinrawl bera a neih an ni a. Lal awmloh
chang pawhin lal aiawh khawpa thunei an ni. Upa dang zawng chu ‘Khawnbawl upa’ an ni a, lal kut ke ber an
ni.

(c) Ramhual : Hmanlai chuan lo neih chu an eizawnna ber a ni a, ramhual te hi chuan mipuiin lo tur an thlan
hmain an duh lai an lo thlang hmasa thei. Dinhmun pawimawh tak luah an ni a, a chhan pawh chhungkaw
rual leh hnathawk thei tak chhungkua an ni a, lo pawh an nei zau thei hle. Hetiang mite hian lal hnenah buh
pawh an chhung tam deuh a ni.

(d) Zalen: Heng mite hi loneitu an ni a, chhiah an awl a, lo tur an thlang hmasa ve thei bawk. Lal chhungkhat
hnai an ni fo. Zalen tak, mawhphurhna em em leh tih tur em em nei lo an nih avangin ‘zalen’ an ti. Chhiah
(fathang) pawh an awl thin.

(e) Puithiam : Puithiam hi chihnih an awm a ‘Sadawt’ leh ‘Bawlpu’. Bawlpu chu doctor ang deuh an ni a, mi
tihdamna leh natna lam chu an hna a ni ber. Sadawt chu pastor ang deuh an ni a, inthawina hrang hrang te
leh sabiak lam thil an khawih thin.Sadawt puitu hi ‘Tlahpawi’ an ti.

(f) Thirdeng: Khaw mipuite hmanraw chi hrang hrang lo denghriamtu a ni a, lo a neih ve hman loh avangin
mipuiin kumtawpah buh an pe khawm thin. Thirdeng sa an pe bawk thin.

(g) Tlangau : Khaw mipuite hriat tura thu puangtu a ni a, lal leh upa te tirhkah ber a ni bawk. Tlangau atan
hian tlema mi hnuaihnung deuh an hmang. Mahse, kum tawpah tlangau tan buh an chhungkhawm ve thin.

(h) Bawi leh Sal: Lal hnena mahni thua intulut hi Bawi an nia, indona thil avanga an mi man te hi sal an ni.
Bawi hi chi hrang pathum a awm.
Inpuichhung bawi : Retheihna vang te, damlohna avang te leh thil dang vanga lal ina intulut te hi an
ni. Hetiang mite hi lal chhungkua ang maia en an ni.
Chemsen bawi : Tualthahna vang emawa lal ina intulut te hi an ni, hetianga lal ina an luh tawh chuan
khawih an thiang tawh lo. Hetiang mite hi chuan chanvo tha an chang lem lo.
Tukluh bawi : Indona avanga lal hnena intulut te hi an ni. lal inah cheng lovin in hrang an nei ve thin.

(i) Hnamchawm (commoners) : Mipui tam ber leh loneitute an ni. Lal leh hnamchawm inkar hi a hla hle.
Hnamchawm pawh hi chi hnih Mitha leh mi rethei ah an la inthliar leh a ni.

HNAMCHAWM INTHLIAR HRANNA DANG:

(a) Thangchhuahpa: In lama thangchhuah leh ram lama thangchhuah an awm. heng mite hi khawt-
langah mi langsar leh pawimawh an ni a, an ngaisang thei hle. Lal pawhin a dah pawimawh hle thin.
Ram lama thangchhuah dan : Sa kah ngai te - Sai, Savawm, Sazuk (Zukchal), Sanghal, Sele (Tumpang),
Vahluk + Muvanlai leh Rulngan
In lama thangchhuah : Chawnfang, Sedawi, Sekhuang, Khuang-chawi (Zawhzazo, Zaudawh, Zawngchal)

(b) Val upa: Thlan leh ruat an ni lo, an rorel thiam vang te, mi an hneh theih vang te, an fel vang tea
val upa an ni a, kum 35-45 inkar vel an ni thin.

(c) Pasaltha: Mihuaisen, sa leh ral laka khawtlang muantu an ni a, mipui ten an ngaisang a, lal leh upa
te pawhin an thu an ngaichang hle thin.

LAL LEH KHAWNBAWL UPATE MAWHPHURHNA LEH THUNEIHNA

Mizo te khan midang tih an entawn vang ni lovin, an hun tawng avangin lal an nei tan
Parual chhungkua leh michak chhungkua chu lal atan an hmang thin
Lusei ho hian Run leh Tiau inkara an chen lai, AD 1500-1700 velah lal an nei tan (Mizoram District Gazetteers
1989)
Lusei ho hian 1600-1625-ah lal an nei tan (Vumson)
Mizo lal hmasa ber chu Sihsinga a ni a, chumi fa chu Ralnaa niin a fapa chu Chhuahlawma a ni a, chumi fa chu
Zahmuaka (Liangkhaia)
Zahmuaka hian fapa – Zadenga, Paliana, Thangluaha, Thangura, Rivunga leh Rokhuma a nei a, an parual avan-
gin Lalah an sawm a, Seipui khuaah lalin Hnamte hovin an thlai buh thar chu lal tan an pe a, fathang lo
chhuahna a ni.
Zohnathtlak hrang hrang pawhin Tiau an kan hma hian lal an nei.
Lai ho hian Chin Hills a an awm laiin Lal an nei tan a, Lal chi bik deuh an nei a, chungte chu – Chinzah, Zathang,
Hlawncheu, Hlawnchhing, Tlangchhan, Khenglawt. Chinzah hi rorel thiam leh huaisen an ni.

(a) Lal te chu inrelbawlna (governance) kengkawhtu an ni a, khawnbawl upa ten an pui thin
(b) Dan leh thupek kengkawhtu a ni a, thubuai hrang hrang te pawh an ngaihtuah thin. Thubuai ngai-
htuah a thiamloh changte hneah hremna ‘salem’ pawh a lekkawh thei.
(c) Tlangau hmangin a thupek hrang hrang a puangchhuak thin, rikrum thilah te, khawtlang thatna tur
thilah te, indona thilah te.
(d) Ram leh khaw neitu tak tak a ni a, a venhimna leh humhimna kawngah mawh a phur
(e) Mipuite hnenah chhiah a khawn thin.
(f) Mizo lalte kha autocratic ruler/dictator an ni lo. Mipui pawhin an duh chuan an pem san daih thei.

VAL UPA LEH PASALTHATE

1. Val upa:
Mizo khawtlang nunah khan an dinhmun luah a sang hle. Thlan leh ruat an ni lova, mi rinawm, mi rint-
lak, tuma el phak lova khawtlang tana mi tangkai an ni a. An taimak leh inpek bik vanga he dinhmuna inhlangkai
hi an ni. Lal leh upa rorelnaah an tel phak lova, khawtlang huap thil tam tak chinfel leh rorel kawngah erawh
an thu a lal hle. ‘Zawlbuk’ a roreltu ber an ni a, sa tlak nikhua leh rikrum thilah pawh an thu hle a ni.

2. Pasaltha:
Pasaltha hi khawtlang chhantu leh khaw mipuite innghahna ber an ni a, mipuite pawhin an zah hle.
Mizo culture-a thil pawimawh tak chu lal khawnbawl upa te aiin pasaltha hian hriatreng an hlawh zawk a ni,
kawng tam takah lal pawhin an thu a ngaichang hle. Pasaltha te chu Lal ten chawimawina atan Zu nopui an
hlan thin a, chu aia chawimawina sang chu a awm lova, tunlai hunah a tlukpui kan nei tawh lo. Pasalthate hi
sa kap thei leh ral that thei an ni satliah lova, sa leh ral laka khawtlang muantu an ni a, lal leh khawtlang tana
nun thap ngam an ni. Pasaltha nihphung (nature) — Ral laka huai, sa hrang laka huai, huaisen hrim hrim,
Tlawmngai, Tuarchhel, Ral rel thiam. Pasalth hi Tiau kan hmain an nei tawh

Mipuite chanvo
D. Mipuite chanvo/tih tur:
Mipui (comoners) te hi a tam ber an ni a, thu nei lo ber anga ngaih theih an ni nain, Mizo lal te kha an
khua leh tui te chungah an lal a kha hranpa lo. Mizo culture leh society-ah khan tlem tlema inthliar hranna
ang kha awm ve mahse, mipuite hi mi chungnung zawk te khan an pawngpaw hmusit in an diriam ngawt ngai
lo.

Mipuite kha chhiah petu an ni a, chhiah (tax) chi hrang hrang lal hnenah an pe thin, chungte chu —

(a) Fathang : Fathang hi kum tawpah an buh thar lal hnena an pek a ni a, a tlangpui thuin buh phur 2 an pe
thin. Heng buh an chhun te hi lal ta a nih rualin, khaw mipui zingah rethei zual an awm chuan fathang atang
(b) Sachhiah : Lal chu rorel a ngaih avang te, indona avang tein chawhmeh zawnga a chhuah fo a rem lova,
chuvang chuan sa kap apiangin an sa kah dar vei lam phawh hlawk chu an pe thin, hetianga pe lo an awm
chuan sial an chawi thin.
(c) Thirdeng sa: Thirdeng te hnenah hian chhiah an pe thin a, sa kah zang ti hi an pek dan tlangpui a ni.
(d) Lal in sak: Lal in sak hi chhiah hming a pu lo nain, hei hi ‘tha chhiah’ niin an sawi thin, lal in sak lai chuan
mipui ten tha an thawh a ngai thin.
(e) Khuaichhiah : Lal ram thenkhat chuan khamah khuai a kai a, an lak lai hian lal chu kal ve angah ngaiin chan
khat an hawn thin. Lal ram chhunga thil engkim hi lal ta vek a nih vang a ni.
(f) Sechhiah/Sekawt hawn man: Mizo hausakna chu siala teh a ni a, vawk hi chu hralhsum a ni ve lo, sakhaw
biakna a ni ber. Miin sial a hralh chuan lal hnenah vawk a pe thin a, chu chu sechhiah a ni.

Lal rorel danah khan khawtlang an hlim hle a, chutih rual chuan absolute monarchy, despot leh tyrant
an tih ang hi an ni vek thei a ni.

HREMNA DAN (PENALTY)

Tualthah : Miin tual that sela, a hremna chu thihna a ni, Lal in a hrem lova, a thah a chhungte khan phuba an
la thiang a, Mahse lal sutpui an vawn hman chuan a thiang tawh lo. Kum 1890-a Bawrhsapin Mizoram a thut
hnu khan phuba lakna amh hi khap a ni.
Leichawi: Sachhiah te, hmeichhe tihhmingchhiat man te, sawn man te hi an pek loh chuan Sial pakhat an
chawitir thin. British-in Mizoram an thut hnu khan Sial tlukpui chu Rs. 40 anga ngaih a ni.
Salam: Thubuai a zirin, a thiamlo zawk chu Salam an chawitir thin a, an thubuai a zirin Zu bel khat te leh thil
dang chawitir an ni.
Chalrem: Thubuai nei te chu an thiamlohna in ang nia ngaih a nih chuan Lal leh Upaten an chalrem thin.
Thiam zawk leh thiam lo zakw awm lo tihna a ni.

Lal leh upaten thubuai an ngaihtuah lai hi ngaihthlak thian a ni lova, nula leh tlangval inkar thubuai erawh a
duh apiang tan ngaihthlak theih a ni thung.

Lal leh upate thubuai rem danah lungawilo deuh an awm a nih pawhin, thubuaiah an la tawh ngai meuh lo.
Thubuai neih vanga lei chei phei chu thil zahthlak taka ngaih a ni.

ZAWLBUK
Zawlbuk hi eng hunlai atanga an neih nge hriat a ni chiah lova, khua leh khua indo an chin hunlai khan khua
venghim turin tlangval an riah khawm a ngai a, sal leh ral laka khawtlang chhan tura riahkhawm a ngaih avan-
gin Zawlbuk hi an din niin a lang.

Hmanlai chuan Lal veng tur leh a tul huna a tirh mai turin tlangval thenkhat chu Lal sumhmun velah an riak
a, chumi hnuah Zawlbuk hi an siam ta a ni.

(2) Zawlbuk hi khuaa In lian ber a ni a, lal in atanga hla lo teah a awm thin a, a awmna veng chu ‘Zawlbuk
veng’ tih a ni thin. Tukverh awm lova sak a ni a, a dung zawnga lawi niin a luhna-ah chuan thing lianpui an
dah a, chu chu ‘Bawhbel’ a ni a, an bawh bel hun thin. Tlangval ho mutna lai chu ‘Bahzar’ emaw ‘Dawvan’
emaw an ti thin. Zawlbuk hnung lama awng an siam chu ‘Awkpaka’ an ti. A sir velah chuan tlema dawh san
deuh a awm a, chu chu tlangval ho puanthuah dahna a ni. Zawlbuk laiah chuan meichhemna an siam thin a,
tlangval ho riahna a nih bakah infiamna hmun ber a ni.

Hmeichhia hi Zawlbukah kal phal a ni ve lova, naupang hovin thingnawi an fawm chu zawlbuk luh tantirh,
Bawhbel sirah an dah thin.

Zawlbukah chuan zan lamah tlangval lo bengchheng deuh pawh nise, mipui mai ni lo, Lal thleng pawhin huat
en leh hauh enin an en lo.

Khaw lian deuhah chuan hnam hrang hrangin Zawlbuk an nei hrang thin. Zawlbukah hian tlangval mai bakah
patir, fa pahnih pathum nei te pawh an riak thin.

Zawlbuk hi Lusei leh Pawi in an nei hmasa deuh a, Zohnathlak dang te hian an tih dan an entawn a, an nei ve
a ni. Paihte leh Mara hian Zawlbuk an nei ve ngai meuh lo niin an sawi.

ZAWLBUK TANGKAINA
(3) JM Llyod-a chuan a lehkhabu ‘History of the church in Mizoram (harvest in the hill)-ah khan Zawlbukah
zu an rui ngam ngai lo niin a sawi.

(4) Zawlbuk hi Lusei leh pawi hovin an hmang nasa zual a, khaw leh leh tet a zirin zawlbuk a lianin a te thin.

(5) zawlbuk chu tlangval hovin dan leh thupek an kenkawhna hmun a ni a, Val upa te chuan khuahkhrihna
dan khauh tak an lekkawh thin.

(6) Zawlbukah hmeichhia an kal ngai lova, tlangval mai bakah pa tir thlengin an riak a, pa upa lam pawhin za-
wlbuk kawta meichhem an chhim thin.

(7) Tleirawl hovin zawlbuka hman tur thingnawi an fawm a, an inzawt chhuak a, lo awl ru an awm chuan
zanah pawh thing an fawm tir leh thin.

(8) Zawlbuk chu infiamna hmun te, rorelna hmun te, khaw mipui chhanna atana riahkhawmna hmun te a nih
bakah mikhual thlenna hmun a ni.
(9) Zawlbuk tualah pa hovin hnang an tah thin a, thil zirna hmunpui pakhat a ni a, hmanlai chanchin leh mi-
huaisen chanchinte an sawi thin.

(10) Rikrum thila rang taka chetchhuah theihna hmun a ni a, naupang thununna te, tlangval thununna hmun
niin tlawmngaihna leh nunphung inzirtirna hmun a ni.

(11) Zawlbuk kawtah lung an inden siam thin.

(12) ZAWLBUK HUVANG CHIHNIH –

‘Tlangchil’ (nula laka phuba lakna),
‘Tlangsawi’ (misual an hremna)

ZAWLBUK LEH BRITISH ADMINISTRATORS

Bristish-in Mizoram an awp hnu khan Zawlbuk hi neih leh an rawt a, kum 1926 khan Superintendent of Lushai
Hills, NE Parry chuan Zawlbuk neih lehna tur order a tichhuak a. Circle Interpreters te chu Mizo khaw zinga
Zawlbuk nei lo zawngchhuak turin a hriattir a, chung Zawlbuk nei tahw lo khuate chu March 31, 1926 hmaa
Zawlbuk sa leh vek turin a hriattir a ni.

Khaw tam takin zawlbuk chu an sa leh ta a, NE parry hnua Superintendent ni ta McCall pawhin Zawlbuk chu
tha tiin a chhawm nung zel a a ni.

MISSIONARY TE LEH ZAWLBUK

Kristian missionary te khan zawlbuk chu Pathian thu hril nan an hmang tangkai hle a, NE parry-a’n zawlbuk
dinthar lehna order a siam pawh hi missionary te chuan an thlawp hle. A bikin Serkawna Baptist missionary
Rev. FJ Rapper chuan tha a thawh nasa hle.

JM Llyod khan Zawlbuk chu Pathianthu hrilna hmun tha tak a nih thu a sawi a. Zawlbuk chu an hman tangkai
hle tih a sawi.

Missionary ten tha an tih hle laiin Mizo mipuiten tihtawp an duh ta thung a ni.

ZAWLBUK TAWP DAN

Zawlbuk hi NE Parry khan 1926 khan tihnun thar leh a tum a, order pawh a chhuah hial. Khaw tam takin za-
wlbuk chu din thar leh mahse, eizawnna leh hmasawn zelna avangin a din hleih theih ta lova, AG Mc Call khan
January ni 1, 1938 khan Thakthingah public meeting kovin Zawlbuk duh lotu an tam avangin an titawp ta a
ni.

ZAWLBUK TAWP CHHAN

Kum 1919-a Mizorama harhna a lo thlen khan, kohhran mi chu nasa takin an pung a, kohhran hruaituten Za-
wlbuk awm zel chu tha an ti ta lo a ni. (McCall – The Lushai Chrysallis)

Zawlbukah kher lo pawh, In lamah nu leh pa ten an fate an thunun thei tawh niin an sawi (McCall)

Missionary ten Sikul an siam avangin zirna pangngai kalpui a ni tawh a, Zawlbuk atanga thil zir kher ngai tawh
lova ngaih a ni.

Lal ten Zawlbuk tlangval an thunun tak tak theihloh avangin

Patling riah bo reng a rem loh avangin.

Inlawithlem te a thlen theih thin avangin

Eizawnna lo danglam chhoh zel tak avangin

TLAWMNGAIHNA
Tlawmngaihna hi Mizote thil chhuan ber pawl a ni a, thinlung leh a taka lanchhuahtir a huam a ni. J.Malsawma
(Thanpuii Pa) chuan, ‘A let leh beisei vang ni lova midangte tana thil tha tih’ tiin a hrilhfiah.

Tlawmngaihna tiparvul turin Chawngchen nikhuain tlangval tlawmngaite chu ‘Zu Nopui’ an dawmtir thin a,
chu chu tlangvalte tan chawimawina sang ber a ni.

Tlawmngaihna lanchhuahna :
Ram lamah
Chaw einaah
In lamah

UNIT III — MIZO KHAWTLANG NUN (SOCIAL LIFE)

(a) Mizo te ngaihsan zawng (value system)
(b) Ral thah sawngbawl dan
(c) Nula leh tlangval inrim dan leh inneih dan
(d) inthen dan
(e) Mizo pipute sakhua
(f) Pi pute sakhaw biak dan
(g) An inthawina te
(h) Mizote eizawnna leh a kalphung
(i) Mizo lo neih dan
(j) Buh tam lam sawina

A. MIZOTE NGAIHSAN ZAWNG:

(1) Pasaltha, sa leh ral laka khawtlang chhan thei an ngaisang. pasalthate pawhin anmahni an in dah sang hle.
Hlado leh bawhhla zawng zawngte hi Pasalthain an huaisenzia leh an ropui zia an puanchhuahna hla a ni.
A mi ngul maw zing zawk a sa ngul maw
Hrualhrui an ban kherh chiai e kan tual hmaiah (salulam zai)

Chhawlthing e, thliak na ngei e

mangnghin e, thanhawl ka vak liau e. (Hlado)

Kei chu e, ka sentet e,

Chhawn fual ka laihruiah nak e,
Tlangrawn e, sial phaw tun e,
Thangchem e, ka pun roh na ngai e. (bawhhla)

(2) Thangchhuah pa an ngaisang. Ram lama thangchhuah leh in lama thangchhuah te hian thangchhuah duh
chhan an nei — Thihhnuah, chatuana pialrala faihawt chawma an awm theih nan, An dam chhunga mi ropui
leh zahawm, lal duhsak, khawtlang nu leh pa an nih theih nan, Mitthi khaw kalkawnga Pawla’n a lo sai ngam
loh nan.

B. RAL THAH SAWNGBAWL DAN:

1) Thla de chho thla ding lamah arsi a awm chuan ‘chem a chawi’ an ti a, vei lam panga a awm chuan ‘mi lu a
khai’ an ti a, rammut hun thaah an ngai. hei hi ral tan pawh hun tha niin an ring ve tho.

(2) Rammua an chhuah dawn hian bawngpui (irliak) sava ram lam pana a hran chuan hlawhtling dawnin an
inhria a, in lam pana a hram chuan vanduaina tawk dawn niin an ngai a, an kir leh hial thin.

(3) Mi lu an va lak hian a lu an hanw tur a ni a, lam a hlat tham chuan, a chhip vun leh an lei chauh an hawn
thin. Ral an thah hian an mi thah bulah ding chungin an hming vawi thum an chhal thin a, bawhhla an chham.
Hmun a ral muan loh chuan hmun ralmuangah an chham. Hetia hming an chhalna chhan chu an thih hnuah
an mi thah chuan a lo hriat vat a, an bawiha a awm theih nan a ni. Ral tam tak that phei chuan hmuaktu a
ngah thin.

(4) Rammu hlawhtling te chu an khua an luh dawnin, en laiin an lut thiang lova, dai pawnah mei an chhem a,
khua an nghak tlaivar thin. Zing khawvar dawnah nasa lehzualin bawhhla an chham a, silai an kap un un a,
khua an lut thin. Bawhhla tih hi Lai tawng niin ‘baw’ emawm ‘vaw’ emaw chu ‘michang’ tihna a ni a, bawhhla
chu ‘mi chan hla’ a ni.

(5) Mipuite chuan nasa takin rammu hlawhtling te hmuak turin an inbuatsaih a, nula hovin arkeziak an siam
a, lalnu leh mitha nu phei chuan arkeziak aiah thihna te an lo pe thin. Rammu lo haw dawn zna hian zawlbulah
tlangval leh pa ho an inthemthiam tlaivar thin.

(6) Rammu hlawhtling te chu zing vartianah khua an lo lut a, mipuiin nasa takin an lo hmuaka, arkeziak leh
thihna te an lo pe thin. Mi hrangte chuan bawhhla chham chungin anamhni in an lut thin.
(7) Milu an lak te chu Pumah an dah a, tukthuan eikhamah muallam turin thuam famkim nen muallai an pan
a, an inthuam dan chu hetiang hi a ni — An puan tha ber kawrtawng hakin emaw arpuinawihlawhin emaw an
ha a, fungki leh ipte te tak te paitung leh tawngkawla leh pailung dahna an ak a. Kawlhnam an pai a, chhawn-
dawl an tawn a, arkeziak an lo inbel tawh zawng zawng te chu an awrhj leh a, tuirual an tawn a, zawngchal
nei chuan an khim bawk. Ral siala lo ai tawh chuan vapual chang an tawn tel thin, silai thun sa a mu tel lo an
pu bawk. Anmahni chawimawi turin nula sawm vel tuirual tawn a, arkeziak khimin puandum an archempai
a, an hnunga lam turin an inbuatsaih ve a. Lam veleha sawithlek tur tuirual an keng bawk.

(8) Lal muala milu dahna bulah chuan chawthing tlem an dah a, tichuan an lam a, darkhuang tumtu te, khuang
vawtute awmin an ri bung bung a, a hunlai chuan a aia ropui a awm bik chuang lo. Mihrang ho chuan mi lu
dahna chu an lam hual a ni.

(9) Lam hruaitu chuan a artui pai chu a chanve a ei a, a ei bang chu milu bulah chuan a dah thin a, milu chu
nasa takin an diriam thin. Chumi hnu chuan darbu leh tumphit tum ‘ral hawlna in dal e, ral sial hawlna in dal
e’ tiin tah tho tak, zawi hnlah siin an lam thin. Silai zen chuan an mi thah chu an kap reng a, an lei te pawh a
kawm ten tun thin.

(10) Mual laiah ‘thingserh’ an phun a, a bulah zu leh chem an dah a, ‘kei ka ni’ inti chuan thingzerh chu chemin
an kik kerh a, a bula zu chu an in a, chutianga an tih chhan chu ‘lal khua leh tui tan ka nun ka pe phal’ an tihna
a ni.

(11) Mitthi te chu tlai lamah an vui ta a, thingtuai ban puam tiat velah milu chu an tlar a, lungdawhah an phun
tlar thin. Chumi hnuah kawtchhuahah, thingah an khai a, choakin an ei huai huai thin. Milu an khaina hi
‘sahlam’ an ti.

(12) Ral lu mual an lam tuk atang chuan mihrang te chuan ‘Chhawndawl’ an tawn thiang tawh lova, ‘Lench-
hawn’ erawh an la tawn thei thung. Nula rimnaah te an tawn thin a, tuman an tithinur ngam ngai lo.

(13) Ral thattu chuan hun remchang hmasa berah mi lu chu Sialin emaw, Vawkin emaw a ai tur a ni a, a aih
loh chuan a thaha thlarau kha a nem lo ang a, amah pawh chovin a bei ngam ang tih an ring. Mitthi khuaah
pawh chhiahhlawh angin a hmang thei bik lovang.

(14) Siala ral aitu chuan a kawtah Hranghrual ngul sang tak, Phulraw kuai a phun a, a kuaiah chuan hranghrual
a khai a, thli tleh te hian a in vaw ri thuau thuau a, miten an ngaisang hle. Hranghrual ngul bulah thingse tang
an phun a, chutah chuan ‘Kawkvahai’ an fuk tlar tir thin.

(15) Vawka ral lu ai tu pawhin Siala aitu ang bawkin thil a ti a, Hranghrual ngul erawh a phun ve lo. Rallu hawn
ve lo te chuan an duh chuan an ai ve lo thei.
(16) Rallu an aih ni hian mi pahnih/pathumin silai leh phaw nen, ral an beih laia an veh dan an zir a, Silai kapin
bawhhla an chham a, hmuhnawm an ti hle. Hemi ni hian hla dang an sa meuh lova, bawhhhla an chham deuh
reng a, silai an kap reng bawk.

THU HAR HRILHFIAHNA:

Arkeziak : La tluak var, sei taka phiar, a hmawr tawna pehbuk awm.
Bawngvapi : Irliak sava
Chhawndawl : Kelchal hmul sei tak, Saphit thing pil leh hrui sena chhum sen, muallam ni leh thih ni chauha
an khim thin.
Fungki : Silai hlo bawm, Sele kia siam, mawi taka chei
Hranghrual : Phulraw kuai sang taka phun, bur tan bun bul lam an khai, thing suih mum an khai bawk. Thli
tlehin a in vaw ri thin.
Kawrtawnghak : Mihrangin phelh mai lo tura an puan hmawr pahnih, nghawnga an veh thin.
Kawkvahai : Fartuah suih pheka sava lem siam
Tumphit : Mau, kezungpui tiat emaw, a aia te emaw, a mawng lamah a chang awm tura zai fik hmawk, milu
aih nia an chhem rik thin.
Zawngchal : Kelchal hmul sei tak, chhum dum leh sen, a var rawng te nen sei taka phiar pawlh, mihrang filawr
chauhin an khim thin.

C. NULA LEH TLANGVAL NUN

Nula leh tlangval te chu an inlawm thin a, Kawtchhuahah nulain a lawmpa chawfun leh thil dang laksakin a
phurhsak a, tlangvel te an tang ve thin.

Lo thlen veleh nula in a tul a piang ati nghal a, mawi tawk an thut hnuah an bung tan thin.

Chawfak hunah inlawmte chu an kuk raih a, talhkhuang te an vaw ri a, hre lo ang maiin hna an thawk lui thin.

An fehnaah hian khau chikhat ‘zawlzawng’ an hmuh chuan ai enna atan an hmang a, an hlim thei hle.

Zawlzawng an chhuah hi kiawrte a kai chu khuala pasal nei tur, buh kunga a fuk chuan khawtuala pasal nei
tur. Buhkunga fu hi hausakna, a thlawk lai sava in a lo ei chuan nupui/pasal sun tur entirna.

Nula chuan a lawmte hawn tur thlai hnah leh thlai rah te lakhawmin a hawn tir thin

Losul haw hunah an kuk raih a, hre lo angin an thawk a, an phawklek ngai lo.

Haw dawnah lawmrual tuthlawh zawng zawng chu pakhatah an bat khawm a, hma lamah an theh vak a, tuth-
lawh tla hla ber chu nupui/pasal nei har tur, a hnai ber chu nei hma tur an ti thin.

Zanriah eikhamaha tlangval te chu zawlbukah an chhuak khawm a, leng len hunah nula an rim a, nula te pawh
thleng an seng fel hnuah hmui an la a, la an kai thin.

Tlangval te chu nula ina an va len chuan nu leh pa te chuan an lo be sawk sawk a, khum ai lam emaw sut bul
velah emaw thim chinah thuthmun an rem a, vaibel an tankai sak thin. Vaibel tan sak tur hian meiling chu a
chhem ngei tur a ni a, a chhem loh chuan ‘mei hmin lo a sem’ an ti thin.

Nula ngaihzawng leh ngaihzawng loh chu a meiling semin a hril thui hle. Meiling vam tha ta a pek chu a ngai-
hzawng lova, meiling te tak te a pek chu a ngaihzawng a ni.

Nula nu leh pa chu an mu thuai a, an inleng te titi an ngaithla thin.

Nula rimnaah hian nula in eitur a hlui chu an ei thin a, vawih an insum hle thin. Nula fel chu an ngaihzawng
hriat a har hle.
An fate inleng an tam hle chuan nu leh pa ten an chhiar thin a, tlangval te pawn an chhiar thin bawk. Hnam
sawm an tlin chuan ropui hleah an ngai.

Tl;angval thenkhat nula rim danah nu leh pa ngaih a that loh chuan an tuibur hmuam chu khum luah an pik
puat thin, a nih loh leh aw an thian thin.

Lenghawn ar a khuanah tlangval te an tin ber thin a, nula chuan hawihhawm takin ‘thutmuan ar a nih chu’ a
ti a, tlangval beng tla lo deuh, nula rimnaa muhil chu nulain an kaitho ngai lova, a harh hun hun an nghak a,
a harh hunah pawh ‘a la hma alawm, leng rih rawh’ an la ti hram thin.

C. NULA LEH TLANGVAL INRIM DAN LEH INNEIH DAN

(1) Nula leh tlangval te hi an inlawm a, zanah an in rim a, awllen lain thing an phur ho thin bawk. Chu chu an
in rimna hun a ni deuh ber.

(2) Mi neinung leh mitha fate chuan nupui hual nan ‘khawnthiang’ an khawn thin. Nula leh tlangval innei duh,
inneih la rem lo te chu hmeichhe nuin khumpuiah puandum a phah sak a, chutah chuan an mu dun a, chu
chu ‘zawlpuanphah’ an ti. Hetianga an mut dun chuan innei ngei ngei tur an ni.
(3) Lal tlangvalin lal nula nupui tur a a en chu, bahzarah emaw nghawng chin chunglam chauh lang theiin
puan an zar phui vek a, nula chu pawnfen emawm puan emaw chauh vengin tlangvalin a endik a, piansualna
a neih neih loh a en a ni. Inzawl hman te pawh an awm.

(4) Khual khuaa tlangvalin nupui a zawng hi ‘ran ngo zawng’ an ti.

(5) Man leh mual an inbiak fel a, inneih ni tur a lo thlen hi ‘in sawi ni’ an ti a, zu an inho thin, man ei tur ten
a lawina an keng thin.

(6)Man leh mual hian kawngro a su hle a, inbiakremna in a kal thin. Mahse, man bithliah chin a awm deuh a,
chu chu hetiang hi a ni — Lal (sial 10), Pachuau (sial 7) Lusei (sial 5), a dang (sial 4).

Nupui man a to avang hian tlangval ten an tuak nasa hle. (1) Naupang fel deuh an nih laiin sial an ven hlawh
a, se note an hlawh chu an vulh pung thin (2) Nupui man atan hian khaw hla takah chi an teng a, an zuar thin
(3) Tualto thelret an hnai a, chi in an thleng a, nupui man atan an hralh.

(7) Mipa chuan an duh duh danin palai an tir. Nula in an lo dawnsawn dan - ‘In duh leh nangmahniin nei rawh
u’ ‘ in thu thu’ (in khu khu).

(8) Man an inhlan hnuah hmeichhe lamin lawi na ran an talh a, an ran talh chu mipa lam nen an inphel phawk
thin.

(9) Mo hi zan hnih an lawi thin a, zankhatna chu ‘lawi chhiat zan’ a ni a, zan hnihna chu ‘lawi that zan’ a ni.
Lawi chhiat zanah a haw leh a, lawi that zanah chuan a riak nghal thin. Lawi chhiat zan hian naupang leh tlang-
valin mo chu chirhin an lo theh thin. Lawi chalin a veng thin. Lawi chal chuan mau emaw thing emaw a keng
a, a vuak palh pawhin huat a thiang lo. Monu chu hlaua a tlanchhiatna lamah a tluk an hlau a ni.

(10) Mo lawi turte an thlen chuan khumpuiah an thu a, Sadawtin ‘khawnthiang’ a khawn tir a, an sam zai
thum emaw zai nga emaw chu a suihkaihhlih sak a, a chhampual bawk a, ar pahnih an man a, buhtlei hman
lai ngeiin a vaw hlum a, an innei nghjet thin. Hei hi ‘Rem ar’ an ti a ‘Arzangtuak’ an ti bawk. Rem ar talh hnu
hian tu emaw hel leh se, innei an nih tawh avangin inthen pangngaiin an inthen thin.

(11) Lawi chiat zan hian monu chu a haw leh a, a tukah a bungrua nen a lawi a, chu chu ‘lawi that zan’ an ti.
‘Induh zan’ an ti bawk. Hemi zan hian an chhungte chu hmun dangah an riak a, mipa chu zawlbukah a riak
phawt a, tl;angval hovin uan an chhuah thin.
(12) Lawi that zan hian tlangval ten an tibuai nasa thei hle. Mizo danah hemi zan hi ngaithlak thian a ni.

C. INTHEN DAN
Kawngka sula Mak : Mipain a nupui thlak nan midang a lakluh
Mak : Mipain a nupui a thenna a ni a, hmeichhe tan hmingchhiatnaa ngaih a ni
Peksachang: Tlawm zawk awm lova inthen
Sazu meidawh: Mipain a nupui te chhuahsana midang a neih san
Sum chhuah : Hmeichhiain a pasal a thenna, mipa tan hmingchhiatna a ni
Sumlaitan: Ngam leh ngam inthenna, hmeichhe man pawh zat leh zatin an insem
Uire: Hmeichhia pasal nei laiin midang a lo kawp, a pasal ina a thil kenluh a chan vek ang.

D. MIZO PIPUTE SAKHUA

(1) Pi leh pu te run thlang lama an awm tawh hnuah pawh an lungngaih leh mangan changa biak tur an nei
lova, ‘Pi biakin lo chhang an che, pu biakin lo chhang ang che’ an ti mai thin. An damloh changa an inthawina
chu “arte thlah’ leh ‘bul thluk’ an ti.

(2) Pi leh pute kha ramhuai bia tia sawi a ni a. Mizo chanchin (history) ziaktu hmasa ber Rev. Liangkhaia chuan
ramhuai chu dam lo thawihna chauh a ni a, sakhua a ni lova, an biak tak chu khuanu (Pathian) a ni zawk niin
a sawi.
Run leh Tiau inkar vela an awm lai, AD 1300-1700 velah sakhua an nei tawh.

(3) Mizote biak thin chu ‘sa’ leh ‘khua’ a ni a, chuta tang chuan ‘sakhua’ hi a lo piang a. Hnam tinin mahni
inthawina bik an nei a, chu chu ‘sa’ an ti a. Khaw pumpuiin an biak thin chu ‘khua’ a ni a, chu chu ‘khuanu’
tihna a ni.

(4) Pipute sakhaw kawngkalah hian thil chhawng tam tak a awm — Sakung, Chawng, Dawino chhui, Sedawi,
Dawino, Sekhuang, Khuangchawi, zaudawh.

SAKUNG: Indang tirin sakhaw lama an tih hmasak ber tur a ni a, vawkpa an talh a, chu chu ‘sakung a phun’ an
ti thin. Ama pualin Sakhua a nei ve ta tihna a ni.

CHAWNG: Vawkpa pahnih leh vawk pui an talh, Vawkpui chu naupang pual a ni a, ‘Sabebuh’ an ti. Zu pawh
ngan 40 tal an neih a ngai. Chawngchen tihna ni. Chawngchen ah hian tlangval tlawmngai nopui an hlan thin.

VAWKPA THIANG TALH : Chawng peih lo ten an tih thin a ni

SEDAWI : Sial an talh a, a lu chu seluphanah an suih, thla thum tal an tar tur a ni. Mikhual biak, pum tlawh leh
mitthi ina kal a rem lo.

DAWINO CHHUI : Vawkte pathum an talh thin, ni khat zel an serh

SEKHUANG: Sechal emaw Sepa emaw an talh a, Vawk pa an talh tel bawk a, zu pawh ngan 50-100 neih a ngai.
Vakul chang an tawn thei

SEDAWI: Sekhuang tlip nan an hmang, Sial leh vawk an talh thin.

KHUANGCHAWI: Sial pathum (a pa 2, a pui 1) Vawk 2 talh tur. Zu pawh ngan 200-300 a ngai. October thlaah
khuang an chawi thin. Thangchhuah an ni tawh thin.

D. Mizo pipute INTHAWINA

Sakhua nen a in ang chiah lova, buh leh bala malsawmna an dawn theihna atan te, sa an kah theihna atan te,
an hriselna atan tea an inthawina a ni. Inthawina atana an hmanrua te chu
THIAM HLA : Inthawi paha an chham thin a ni. An roh em em thin.

CHHEMBUR : Bur te tak te-ah buhfai an khung a, an thil chham karlakah an chhem ri thin. An chham laiin an
thing ri bawk.

A SERH: Inthawina atana an sa talhah a a sa eng emaw lai kha ‘a serh’ an ti a, chu chu Puithiam chan a ni

THIL LEM : Inthawina thenkhatah chuan hlum hmanga an siam dar lem te, sial leh te a tel thin.

MAICHAM: Hnanga siam dawhkan te tak te, kil li nei, ke nei a ni a, an inthawina thil an dahna a ni.

THEI BIAL: Mau te tak te sah hai, a lehlam zum, leia phun a ni

THELEP: Hmawlhte hmeh kawkalha la dum leh a sen an phan thin

D. INTHAWINA CHI HRANG HRANG

KHAWTLANG TANA INTHAWINA

Kawngpui Siam : Sa leh ral laka khawtlang tana malsawmna dilna a ni. Kawngpui siamni hian a khuain awmni
an kham thin.
Fano dawi : Buh leh bal hrisel tak an neih theihna tura malsawmna dilna a ni. Khawtlangin awmni an kham
thin. Lal Inah buhzem bulah an thawi thin a, ar hang an talh. Awmni an kham.
Khawkheng thawi: Rei tak ruah a sur loha, khua a khen tuma ruah dilna a ni, Se lem tam tak an siam a, chu
chu kawtchhuahah an dah thin.

IN LAMA INTHAWINA:
Vawk te khal :
Ar khal
Kel khal

DAI LAMA INTHAWINA

Daibawl (khawsik)
Bawlpui (Mangan tawp)

E. Mizote eizawnna leh a kalphung

(1) Mizote eizawnna lian ber chu lo neih a ni a, kumtin ramngaw an vat a, buh leh thlai an ching a, chutianga
khaw khatin lo atana an neih ram chu ‘bawhkhat’ emaw ‘ram tuk khat’ tih emaw a ni thin.

(2) Lo neih dan hi chi hnih a awm a, buh leh thlai chinna hmun chu ‘lo’ a ni a, thlai leh thil sekrek chinna,
hmun zau vak lo chu ‘leipui’ an ti thin.

(3) January thla velah lo tur an buatsaih a, chu chu ram tuk rel an ti (Ramtuk thla) tichuan vau thla (february)
velah lo an vat a, March thla velah lo halin kum tawpah an seng thin. Lo tur hi ‘ramhual’ ten an thlang hmasa
ber a, a dawtah mipuiin an thlang thin.

MIZO LO NEIH DAN

Ram tuk rel leh lo en : Lo tur hmun chu ramvahcal ten an en a, a ram that leh that loh dan an enfiah. Lal unau
in a thlang, khawlbawl upa, ramhual leh zalenin an thleng. Mipui zinga thlang hmasa ni tur chuan a thleng
hmasa, kum upa te an hmasaktir.
Lovah: Phunchawng, pang leh Fartuah par hun hi lovah hun thaah an ngai.
Lohal :Vaube a par vul chuk chuan lo hal a hun tih a entir.
Mangkhawh : A kang bang thian fai, thlai chi thlak
Buh tuh: Khiang a par a, Kiltheihrawk leh vauk an hram hian buh tuh a hun an ti.
Hlo thlawh: May thla tawp lam leh June thla chawhma lam a ni ber. Lo a awl kum chuan vawi nga an thlo
chhuak a, tum li thleng hian hming hran a nei – Hnuhlak, Hnuhhram, A thual, a thet thet (a thian)
Lo zawh: Fur chhe zual a kin hnauah, hlo an thlawh zawh hnuah lo an zo. August leh September vel.
Buhseng: November, December vel bawr. ‘Buh lu chuh lai’ an ti. Buh par lak, Fasuar, Buh phal, Buh vua.
Buh chhek : Buh thiar hi hmeichhe mawhphurhna deuha ngaih a ni. Mipa ho lovah laiin an thiar deuh ber
thin. Mipate pawhin an thiarpui ve tho.

MIZOTE LO NEIH DAN

Lo vah – January, February
Lohal – March, April
Mangkhawh - March, April
Buh tuh - April
Hnuhpui - May, June
Hnuhhram - July, August
A thual - September
A thial - October
Lo zawh - October
Buhseng - November, December
Pawl tlak - December, January

E. MIZOTE LO NEIH DAN (BUH TAM LAM SAWINA)

Fawng/Kho khat
Dawrawn khat
Buhzem khat
Pahmei zawn
Chhip zawn
Tuha zawn
Hreiha zawn
Kak zawn
Silai zawn
Mautlawn zawn
Pang kakpui zawn
Diar phawng

E. MIZOTE EIZAWNNA LEH A KALPHUNG

(4) Mizote khan sial, ar, kel, vawk leh ui an vulh thin a, british lo luh hma khan bawng an la vulh ngai lo. Sial
chu an ranvulh pawimawh tak niin, sum leh pai atana leh thil tehkhawnga an hman ber a ni a, mi hausakna
tehna atan pawh an hmang.

(5) Forest product chi hrang hrang te chu ei leh bar tur atan te, damdawi atan te, insakna hmanrua atan te an
hmang.

(7) Ramvah leh sangha man te pawh an eizawnna pakhat a ni ve.

UNIT 4 — MIZOTE HUNPUI LEH AN CHHEHVEL NUN

(a) Mizo te kut hrang hrang
(b) Mizo lam leh infiamna hrang hrang te
(c) Mizo rimawi leh zai hrang hrangte
(d) Mizote incheina
(e) Mizo in sak dan
(f) Mizo hmanrua
(g) Mizote upat lam sawi dan
(h) Mizo hla leh zai hrang hrang
A. MIZOTE KUT HRANG HRANG
Mizote kut lo chuahna hi sawi theih a ni lo, thenkhat chuan Thlanrawkpa khuangchawi atanga intan niin an
sawi. Kut pathum an nei - Pawlkut, Chapchar kut leh Mimkut.

PAWL KUT:
(1) Pawl kut hi run kam vela an awm laia an chin tan a ni. Khi laia an awm lai khian Thingpui a tam a, nasa
takin tam a tla a. Mi tam tak an thi a ni. Kum thum zet tam a tla a, chumi hnuah a kum li-na ah an lo hausa
leh ta a, an buh te pawh a dahna a leng lo ta hial a, ran te pawhin an that phah hle. Hetih lai hian Suai tlangah
kawlni lal a awm a, ‘Khawzim pathian chuan mal min sawm leh ta a nih hi,’ a ti a, a khaw mipuite tan ruai a
buatsaih a. A tukah pa neinung deuin vawk an talh a, an hlim ta hle a, an kut chu a lo ni ta reng a ni.

(2) Pawl kut hi lo hna thawh zawh leh seng zawh, pawltlakah an nei thin a, chuvang chuan ‘pawltlak kut’ an
ti a, a hnuah Pawl Kut an ti ta a ni.

(3) Pawl kut hi naupang pual deuh bika ngaih a ni a, an tu leh fate an chei nalh a, kawtchhuahah chhawng an
hnawt thin.

CHAPCHAR KUT
(1) Kut dang leh chu Chapchar kut a ni a, Pipute kut zinga a ropui bera ngaih a ni. Suai tlanga kawlni lal laiin,
a pasaltha ramchhuak te an hlawhchham a, lalpa chuan a hote hrilhhai tur tihhlimna atan vawk a thawh a, a
hote chu ar a thawh tir bawk a, nula leh tlangval an sawm khawm a, an lam ta a, chapchar kut an lo hmang
ta reng mai a ni.

(2) Chapchar kut dawn hi chuan a hma fe atangin an in buatsaih a zu pawh an sa nasa hle. Naupang tan pawh
zulawm an siam a, mualah an chai a, an lam mup mup a, chapchar kut hi hlimna kut a ni.

(3) An hmandan tlangpui chu, kut thlen dawn chuan intinin zu an sa lawk vek a,a then an ramchhuak a, thang
te kamin, kut sa tur an zawng thin a.Vawk talh tur neiin vawk an talh a, chu chu.`Lusei vawk talh”an ti ani.

(4) Kutni hmasa ber chuan upa hovin zu an in nileng a,nula tlangval te pawhin an in ve thova mhs rui khawpin
an in ngailo thung a.Tlaiah nuhovin thlengin buh leh sa an chawi chhuak a,kawt chhuah ah hlim takin an ei ho
thin a.Duhtawk a an ei hnu in an sa leh artui te chu an in barh hawng hawng thin a an hlim hle thin a.Thiante
barh ngeitumin an inum kawi zawr zawr thin ani. Hei hi CHHAWNGHNAWT an ti .

(5) Kut ni khatna ‘Lusei vawk talh ni’ a ni a, kut ni hnihna ‘Ralte ni’ a ni a, tu leh fa ten an pu te zu an khek a,
puten an tute armit an rawh a, pa neinung deuh te chuan vawkin an tute armit an rawh thin. Upa hovin nilen-
gin zu an in a, nula leh tlangval te pawhin an in ve bawk a, an rui ngai lo. Tlai ah chuan nula tlangval nu leh pa
te chu Lal mualah in kaih kuahin an chai ta mup mup thin. Nula te chuan an puan thulkhung tha ber ber an
sin chhuak a, vakiria an khim a,thi an awrh a.Tlangval te pawh an thawmhnaw neih that ber ber in an in chei
a, an hlim tlang thei hle thin a ni.

(6) Ku zanthumna chu ‘Kut zan’ an ti a, hemi zan pawh hian ‘Mahni lu lam’ tiin hlim takin an chai thin.

(7) Ku ni lina chu ‘Zupui Ni’ a ni a, zupui an dawm nileng zak a, tlai lamah an chai leh dual dual thin.

(8) Ku ni ngana chu ‘Zu thing chawi ni’ a ni a, Kut atana zu an sak khawl sa zawng zawng in zawh an tum thin.

(9) Kut ni rukna chu ‘Ei puar awm ni’ a ni a, ‘Ni hrilh’ an ti bawk. Niserh a nih avangin khawpumin awmni an
kham thin.

(10) Chapchar kut lai hian nupa inhauh, intihtlan, inthen an remti lo.

(11) Chapchar kut hi nula leh tlangval te ta deuh bika ngaih a ni a, chutih rual chuan tar kiring leh naupang
chumchiap thlengin a huap bawk.

(12) Khaw hrang hrangah an hman dan leh an hman rei zawng a in ang lo. Chawngtui khua phei chuan favang
thleng rak kut an hmang.

MIM KUT:
Mim kut hi Tlingi leh Ngama thawnthu atanga lo chhuak a ni. Mithi pual bika ngaih a ni. Mitthi chhung ten thil
chhiah an uar a, chhang an deng a, chhangpai te siamin an chhiah a, zu te an in a, lusun zai an sa a, lunglengin
an tap an tap thin. Nithum niah mitthi thlarau chu a kalna tur lamah a kal a, mitthi an tin tak avangin ‘thitin’
an vuah.

An hman thin dan tlangpui chu, kut thlen hma deuhin in tinin zu an sa lawk a, an thlai thar te an phur in an la
khawm lawk vek bawk a.Kut ni a lo thlen chuan tumah ram lamah an feh chhuak ngai lova, inah an awm vek
thin a,nilengin nu leh pa ten zu an in a, an thlai thar te chu an chhung te thi tawh pualin an chhiah a, chhangpai
an siam bawk a,chu chu an chhungte thi tawh tan an ti deuh bik thin a ni.

An chhung thi tawh te ngai a an tah thin avangin TAH KUT te pawh an ti bawk thin

Mimkut hi nikhat lek an hmang thin a,mahse a tukah hna thawkin an chhuak nghal mai ngai chuang lo va, ni
thum hnu velah an thlai chhiah chu an ei leh mai thin a ni. Nithum hnu ah chuan an chhungte pawh kha mithi
khaw lam ah an kal ta ah an ngai ani. Mimkut hi august thla tawp lam emaw September thla tir lam ah an
hmang thin ani. Chuvangin August thla hi thi ‘tin thla’ an vuah ta nghe nghe. Thlazing tiin an sawi bawk.

B. MIZO LAM LEH INFIAMNA HRANG HRANG TE

CHERAW:
(1) Cheraw hi hmanlai chuan hman dan chi hnih an nei a, buh phur 100 an neih lawmna atan cheraw an kan
a, mi an thihin a vuina atana cheraw an kan bawk thin niin an sawi.

(2) Cheraw hi lam thiam bik te lamna chi (fixed chareography) a ni a, mipain mau an khawng a, hmeichhia an
laiah an lam. Mumal takin chet vel dan (step) a awm. Mizote lam hmingthang leh chhuan ber zinga mi a ni.

CHAI
(1) Chapchar kutah an chai thin a, mipain hmeichia an kuah a, hmeichhiain mipa kawngah an kuah bawk a,
an su dual dual a, lam thiam bik pawh awm ngai lo (open chareography) a ni a, Chai hla nen a inkungkaih tlat
a ni.

KHUALLAM:
Khuallam hi Mizo lam zinga a upa pawl tak a ni a, mi thenkhat chuan ‘thing dim’ lam an ti thin.
KHuangchawi an awma an lamna thin a ni.

CHHEIH LAM:
Chhieh lam hi Mizo lam naupang tak a ni a, kum 1900-ah puma zai a lo chhuak a, puma zai chuan tlang
lam a hring a, chumi siper chu chheih lam a ni. Lam dan bik a awm a, hmeichhia leh mipa in ban phar deuh
da, kum hniam tak siin an lam thin. Lam dan step hrang hrang a awm.

SARLAMKAI/SOLAKIA:
Sarlamkai hi pawi lam a ni a, Mara ho chuan Solakia an ti. Lusei lam chuan rallu lam an ti thung. Sar-
lamkaiah hian mipz te chuan raldona hmanrua chi hrang hrang an keng a, hmeichhia nen an inkarthlak thin.
Hetianga an tih chhan chu an ral thah te an diriamna leh an huaisenzia tarlanna a ni.

CHAWNGLAIZAWN:
Chawnglaizawn hi pawi lam a ni a, Zahau pawi leh halkha pawi lam dan a in ang lo. zahau chuan mitthi
vuina atan an hmang a, Halkha chuan intihlimna atan an hmang. Mipa leh hmeichhia tlar hrangin an ding a,
an lam rual a, an in kal thleh a, an inhawi san a, an inhma chhawn a, an kal darh a, an awmna ngaiah an lut
thin. Mipa leh hmeichhia hian pawndum an awh a, an awm chin velah an vuan ve ve a, an lam pahin an su
nghel nghel thin.

B. MIZO LAM LEH INFIAMNA HRANG HRANG TE

Tualzawla infiamna:
Arpa kal, Inarpathai, Chaihchun, Inarpa sual, Inbuan, Inbihruksiak, Inbikhurluh, Inbuhvawr, Inbuk, Inchai, In-
dolem, inhawngbi, Inhruipawh, Inkawibah, Inkawihnawk, Inkawivawr, Inkhawngkhawbai um, Innuai, In-
phelhkan, Inrulpuiludin, Insai hrui pawh, Insesik, Insukherh, insukkhawh, insuknawr, intaiban, inthap,
inthemthiam, inthlar, inuisaruhlak, invaibah, invawkpuinawr, invawr, inzuanka hlen siak, kahchik, kahkhet,
kahpuk, kaihbu, kalchhet, khawhding, lungchawi, lungden, raw ngula inbansiak, sakhibawp bai, selem chaih,
suk khawh, Tangkawng chawzawn, Utawk sawh, suk khawh, uisalehlin, zawngte tuiin.

Tui lama infiamna

Bawhfawn, Belpa tawm, burchhe lam, hmaiphum tuihleuh, inliluhsiak, intuitheh, mawnglang tui hleuh, sakhi
tui hleuh, tuidung chhir, tuipui sahkai, ui tui hai, zangthal tui hleuh

Pawntonaa lar zual:

Inlen chhir, tin dialah, inbihruksiak, inchingzawn, inthailak, khalaia thingtu boh boh, Ngheng tawlah Saizawnah,
Pangaw inzial, Sakei bu luah, Sakuh uilut, Tira meikaiah, Zawnga leihlawn.

C. MIZO RIMAWI LEH ZAI HRANG HRANGTE

(1) Mizo tingtang - (mau hmanga siam a ni)
(2) Khuang - Thing leh savun hmang siam a ni
(3) Dar - a rik dan indawt thliai in a awm a, a kim chu darbu a ni
(4) Darkhuang - dar lian bik, a ri pawh ring leh thum bik
(5) Talhkhuang - raw lian tak hmanga siam a ni
(6) Rawchhem - rua hmanga siam, chhem rik tura siam a ni
(7) Seki – an kawng ri thin
(8) Phaiphuleng – Ham chi
(9) Tumphit – Mau hmanga siam, ham chi
(10) Phenglawng
(11) Lemlawi – Mau hmanga siam, ham chi
(12) Hnah tum
13) Bengbung — Thing hmanga siam, an khawn rik thin.
14) Tuium dar — Rawthing, Rawnal, mautak hmanga siam, kutin an kheuh ri thin.
15) Mau tawtawrawt — Mau intiat lo zawmchhawn, ri bengchheng tak, ram riahnaah ramsa hnawhbo
nan an hmang. Mizo riawi te kha a vuak chi te, a tum chi te, a ham chi te an ni tlangpui.

C. MIZO DAR CHI HRANG HRANG

DAR BU : Dar pathum inchawih tak a ni
DARKHUANG : Dar lian tak, a ri pawh thum deuh
DAR MANG : Te tak te atanga a lian deuh thleng a awm, mitin neih theih anga ngaih a ni. Ri inchhawn te, a
mal te pawhin an tum thin.

C. MIZO INROCHUN CHI THIL

Dar bel
Darbenthek
Dar bu
Darkhuang
Darmang
Fei (Muzuk, Feikibar, se fei, sai fei, fei tluan)
Ngunhnam/Kawlhnam
 Sial
Silai (Awlan, Meipek, Tukuli)
Thi (Thipui, Thimal, Thihna, Thival, Kawlthi, Thifen, Pumtek thi)

D. MIZOTE INCHEINA
(1) Hnawhkhal - Tunhma leh zuala mipa thuamhnaw a ni, Hruikhau thil khawm hak theih tura siam a ni.
(2) Siapsuap - Tunhma leh zuala hmeichhe thuamhnaw a ni. Hruikhau thil khawm a ni a, an feng thin.
(3) Dawlrem kawr - Puan an tah hnuah an puantah chu kawrah an siam a, kawr lai rang-te pawh an ti.
(4) Kawkpuizikzial leh Hmaram - Hmeichhiain an feng thin.
(5) Kawrchei leh Puan chei - Hmeichhe inthuamna a ni. Kawrtawng hak an ching a, Hemi hnu hian Mipa in an
veng a, Hmeichhia in an bih ta a, kawrchei leh puancheite an nei chho ta a ni. Hun a kal zel a, mipa in bengbeh
an beh thin chu, hmeichhia in an beh ta zawk a ni.
(7) Mau samkhuih, Thim kual, Dawhkilh - Hnam dang thil siam an hman hma chuan, an sam chei nan leh
enkawl nan an hmang.
(8)Saiha Bengbeh - Bengah an beh thin.
(9) Vakiria - Kutni vangthlaah Vakiria an khim thin.
(10) Thi fen - Saiha bengbeh beh nan bengah hrui an thil a, chu hrui chu thifen an ti.
(11) Thival, thihna - Hmeichhia in an awrh thin.

RAL DONA HMANRUA

KAWLHNAM : Kawl ho hnen atanga an neih, ‘Hnam’ chu pawi tawng ‘Chem’ tihna a ni a, chemsei a ni.
DAR LUKHUM : Dar phek chhut kum, ral laka an in phenna a ni. Pi pu ten eng hunlaia an neih nge hriat a ni
lo, hla thuah a awm hma viau.
KINGKAWT : Chem chikhat, a hmawr lam arh deuh leh kawm a ni a. Kingkawt hi Seipui vela an lungphunah
an ziak tel.
FEIPUI: Ral leh ramsa beihna atana an hman ber, Seipui vela lungah a lem hmuh tur a awm.
THAL : Raw puichang hmanga siam a ni a, thal hman hnu hi chuan a mala inbei lovin an inkap thin
PHAW: Se chal vun rep ro, kil li neia siam a ni a, silai an neih hnu thleng pawhin an la hmang.
TAWLHLOH PUAN : He puan hi ralthuam chikhat anga ngaih a ni, kawrtawng haka an hak hi chian tlan chhe
lo tur leh hnungtawlh lo tura ngaih an ni.
SAHMIM: Savun hmanga siam, an mamawh chi hrang hrang, Chw te pawh ah nan an hmang. Lentlang leh
tiau kam velah an nei tawh.
SILAI: An ralthuam tha ber a ni. Liangkhaia chuan Tiau chhak lama an awm lai khan Lusei ho chuan silai an
nei lova, Kawl leh Pawi te erawh chuan silai an nei tawhniin a sawi. Kum 1800 chovah lusei zingah pawh silai
nei an awm tawh. Kawlho hnen atanga an neih a nih a rinawm.
FUNGKI: Silai hlo bawm dahna a ni a, uluk takin an chei thin.

MIZO IN SAK DAN

(1) Hmanlai Mizo In sak nana hmanraw ngai te :- 1. Hreipui, 2. Chem, 3. Hachhek, 4) Tuthulh.

(2) Hmanlai kan In sak dan chu kan ram thing leh mau hmang veka sak a ni a, vai kan ruai lova mahni In tur
chu mahni theuhin kan sa mai thin a ni. Kan chakte hi hnanga tawn vek an ni a, hrui hnang leh mau hnang hlai
lawk a ngai thin. Tehna (unit of measurement) hrang hrang kan hman te chu hlam, tangphel, ban chen, tawng
chen tih vel hi a ni mai.

(3) Tuthulhin ban an cho a, ban kan phun kim ta tihah chuan ban leh ban inkarah khan in dung zawngin kalte
banah an phuar bet a, thawmawlin kan do thin. Chumi rel chungah chuan in vang zawngin kalkhang kan dah
a, nghet takin kan phuar a, thawmawlin kan do bawk thin. Kalkhang chungah hian thingtuai In dung zawngin
kaldung kan kham leh ang a, hrui hnangin nghet takin kan phuar ang.

(4) Kalkhang leh kaldung kan tawn kimah liang tur thingtuai ngil tak an tuk a, sang lo te hlam leh tangphel
vela sangah liang chu an tawn ang. Hemi zawh hian khanchhuk thingtuai malpui aia lian In vang zawngin, In
vang tiat chiahin an rek khuar a, liang chungah an han barh lut a. An ban phun kha a kum deuh leh a nawr arh
a, a arh deuh leh a pawt kum a, In ti nghettu ber a ni. Hemi zawh hian sut kan phun tawh ang.

(5) Mizo in indawt dantlangpui - Luhkapui - kaiten, sumhmun, archhiar, kawngka, buhzem, tapchhak, tu-
iumhunna, khumai, khumpui, tungchaw, rapchung, rappui chung sang, kawmchar.

MIZO HMANRUATE
Chak lakna hmanrua:
Chem (Dingchem, Chhochem, Tahtawn)
Hreipui (Hreikawl, Bahhnukte, Hreiha, Hreifang)
Tuthlawh
Tuthulh
Chemkawm
Chem and Tuthlawh(Hoe)

Em chi hrang hrang:

Bawmrang
Dawrawn
Empai
Paikawng
Tlamem
Emping

Buh denna hmanrua:

Fairel
Kho
Fawng
Suk
Sum
Thlangra
Vaidawh
Emping

Chhun leh zan hunbi chhiar dan

Thingchangvar Khaw eng lailawk
Vartian Khaw var tirh
Khawfingchah Zing khaw var hlim
Khuantevik Khaw var tirh ar khuan
Kawl en Kawl kil en tirh
Ni tlangsan Ni chhuahsan tawh hnu
Nauriltam tukthuan ei khan, chaw fak hma
Fehrehsan Tukthuan ei kham
Chawfak hun Chhun chaw ei hun
Chawhnu tlang her Ni a her hret tawh hun
Behliang mun hun Zanriah chhum hun hma deuh
Lo sul haw hun Ni tlak hma
Unau hmel hai Thim hlim
Leng len hun Zanriah ei kham
Leng hnawkchhuak ar Dar 10-11 vela ar khuang
Zanlai ar khuan Dar 12 vela khuang

Upat lam sawina

Ni la vui zo lo Naupang
Se en rual naupang fel tawh ta
 Tualchai rual Kum 5-10 vel
Thingnawi fawm rual Mipa naupang
Tuha kuai rual Hmeichhia kum 14-17 vel
Ral kai rual Mipa 14-17 vel
Ram tang rual Hmeichhia/mipa 14-17
Tleirawl Nulat hre tan/tlangval hre tan
Rawlthar Tlangval hre tan
Leng lai Nupui/pasal la nei lo
Lengtul nupui /pasal nei har
Hmeithai Hmeichhia mahni chauha awm
Pahmei Mi pakhat chauh thakw thei awm
Parawl Mipa mahnia khawsa
Pathlawi/Nuthlawi Kawppui nei tawh lo
Val Upa Nupui nei tawh pawh, mi fel, mi zah
Tu mawng beng Tu nei tawh
Khup thum hmu Tu te tu lehchhawng hmu

MIZO HLA/ZAI CHI HRANG HRANG

MIZO HLA NEIH TAN DAN:
Hla hmasa nia ngaih te
Fa te hmingchawi hla
Pawi leh Lusei hla inzirtir
Hla inphuahsiak hmasa
Mizo hla/zai chi hrang hrang

RUN LEH TIAU INKARA AN HLA TE

Thuthmun zai – Khawhar hla
Pi Hmuaki hla
Dar hla –Chhimbuk leh peng peng intu intu
Chai hla
Chawngchen zai
Hlado
‘Bawhhla
Naupang hla
Mizo hla/zai chi hrang hrang

MIZORAM LUH HNUA CHHUAK

Lianchhiari zai
Aikhiangi zai
Mangkhaia zai
Darlenglehi zai
Darmani zai
Laltheri zai
Saikuti zai
Tuchhingpa zai

HLA DANG CHHUAK TE

Kristian hlate – Jisu vanah a om (1889 – 18)
Puma zai – Biate (Pathian, lalpa)
Puma zai siper - Tlanglam, Hrangchhawni zai, Chalmar zai, german run zai, Awithangpa zai, kaihlek
hla etc.
MIZO KRISTIAN HLA THAR 1919-1940 (Golden period)
Patea
Damhauha
CZ Huala
RL Kamlala
Saihnuna
…..Lengzem, lenglawng, ram ngaih hla, tunlai hla etc.

Mizo ran vulh hmasak te

(Ar, Vawk, Ui, Kel, Sial, Zawhte)

A hnua a vulh chhoh te

Bawng, Beram, Kel, Lawi, Parva, Sakawr, sazupui, Sazuvar, Varak, Vawk

Ran vulhte leh an koh dan

AR Chiri chiri
Kel Me chi chi
Sial Hui hui
UI Chiuhiah
Vawk Riteh
Zawhte Miau

Mizo thang chi hrang hrang

Aiawt
Bawng - Sangha manna
Beai – Sava laia tla chi thang
Chehrep – sakei thang
Fal
Falpui
Hnawhtawt
Kar
Kawlper
Khairual
Kharkhep
Kilen
Mangkhawng
Ngawi
Nghawt
Perpui

UNIT 5 — MIZO HISTORY-A THIL THLENG PAWIMAWHTE

(a) Indo hmingthang zual te
(b) Chhiatna thleng langsar zual te
(c) Vai run hmingthang te
(d) Vai lian leh Bristish lo luh dan
(e) Mizo literature tobul leh a than chhoh dan

A. INDO HMINGTHANG ZUALTE

(1) Chhim leh hmar indo: Kum 1849-1856-ah Chhim lamah Rolura thlah zawng zawng an tangrual a, Hmar
lamah Vuta leh Vanhnuailiana thlah te an tangho bawk.

An indo chhan chu Vuta silai pakhat Rolura thlah Lalpuithanga ina tang la turin Vuta leh a tupa
Thawmvunga an kal a. Vuta chu a hla phuah avangin an lo haw sa a, thinura vuak nek tumin thingfak an lo
thut a. Lalpuithanga chuan
Buanhmun pai ang pawm tawh hnu
Chengte-ah lam ang let e
lalpuithang lema’ in ti vei maw Vutdul a ti a. Vuta chuan ‘Lalpui thang lenna’ kan ti a lawm a ti thung
a. Mahse a tupa mihuaisen Thawmvunga chuan, ‘Ka pu Vut, i hlau em ni Lalpuithang lenna kan tih loh kha,
Lalpui thang lema, a lem a lema kan ti a nih kha. Khawnge kan lam ang e’ a ti a, a kawlhnam chu kengin a lam
a, lu chungah a vau ta fia fia mai a, mitin mai chu an in chen ta tham mai a ni. Banglaia silai tun chu a la a,
Lalpuithanga hote chuan silai dawtah chuan an dawm a, Thawmvunga chuan a kawlhnam chuan a thel thawt
a, an thlah thi zawih zawih hlawm a, lehhawi miah lovin a kal a, silaiin an kap zui a, silai a rik takah chuan an
indo ta a ni.

Chhim leh Hmar indoah hian chhim lam an che tha zawk mah a, mahse khawnglungrunah hmar lam
an chet that avangin hnehtu zawk nihna an chang deuh. Indo leh inrun a tam hle a, indo chhung hi thenkhat
phei chuan kum 6 zet niin an sawi. Mautam tamin a nan avangin indo hi a tawp ta a ni.

(2). Chhak leh thlang indo:

He indo hi kum 1877-1880 inkara thleng a ni a, Lalsavunga thlahte leh Manga thlahte inbeihna a ni.

He an indo chhan lian ber chu nula inchuh vang a ni. Lungdup tlangah Vanhnuailiana a cheng a, a fapa
Liankhama nupui atan Nisapui nula Tuali chu an en a. Innei tura thu an thlun fel hnuah an kha wlamah an
hawng a, chumi hlan chuan Suakpuilala chuan a fapa Kalkhama nupui tan Tuali chu a lo neih sak ta daih mai
a. Chu chu Vanhnuailiana chuan a haw hle.

A pahnihnaah chuan thutiama rinawmloh vang a ni a. Lalsavunga thlah ten chhak lam an nawr khan,
Manga te chuan, ‘nangnin chhak lam han nawr ula, in hlawhchham a nih pawhin kan buh thar sa kan insem
ang a, a tul chuan khua te pawh kan insem dawn nia, an ti a. Mahse, lalsavunga te an lo kir hian manga te
chuan an lo titha vak ta lova, an lungawi ta lo a ni. Chhak lam nawrtu lal te chu khawthlanga lo cheng lal te
lakah an lungaiw ta lova, an rinawm lova an ngaih avangin an indo ta a ni.

He indoah pawh hian chak zawk an awm chiah lova, 1880-a Thingtam chuan a rawn thleh ta ani. Heng
bakah pahw hi indona lian tham deuh — Lallula thlahte leh zadengho indo te, Rolura thlah leh Palian ho indo
te, Lianlula thlah te leh Thangluah ho indo te, Sukte nena indo te pawh a awm bawk.

B. Chhiatna thleng langsar zual te:

1. Thlanrawn rawt: Lallula Zopui khuain Tiau rala Thlanrawnho, Thanchhuma khua an rawt kha a ni a. Hei hi
1760 chho vel a ni. Lusei Lal, Lallula’n Thlanrawn pawi ho finrawl chhuaha an thah vek kha a ni
Zopui kan khaw dung a sei tak a,
A laiah liandanga tualleng e.
Phunthanga’n Saingho ngen e,
Thanchhuma’n kawlpui bun e,
Miau muau taka aw e.
Lallula chuan Thlanrawn lal Thanchhuma chu a man a, kawl a bun tir a, a pasaltha Phunthanga erawh chu a
that nghal a. An mi thah zawng zawng chu Phanpui kungah an khai bawr a, a khaw pumin rallu chu an ai a ni.

Ka Zokhua hi dem lo u
Thlanrawn thlunglu kan lakna
Phanpui zur nguai aw e tih hla an sa
He inrawt hunlai hi 1755-1760 vel ni tura ngaih a ni a, hemi tuma an hla phuah hi ‘Zopui zai’ an ti a,
‘Lallula thlanrawn rawt zai’ an ti bawk.

Zopui khua hi tuna Samthang ram, Vaphai nena an inkar vel bawr khi a ni awm e. Tun thlengin Lallula
ar khuang ngaihna’ tih te ‘ Lallula artahkawn’ (N.Vanlaiphai leh E.Lungdar inkar)-ah te a la awm a ni.
Lallula hi Lusei lal zingah chuan Pawi ho pawh do ngam, thlang tla ve mai lo a ni.
2. Halkha rawt: Kum 1860 vel nia ngaih a ni, Luseiho chungah Lai chi peng pakhat ‘Khuafo’ an tih chu an nun-
rawng hle a, Halkha lal chu Thanghlianga a ni. Thanghlianga chu a nunrawng hle a, Lusei khua hnenah chhiah
an khawn deuh reng a, chu chu duh lovin Lusei khaw ho chu an in tiam rual a, Halkha rawt chu an rawt a.
Lusei ho chuan Thanghlianga leh a khaw pasaltha rual bakah a fapaHrangtlinga chu an chah a, zan mutreh lai
bawkin Thanghlianga hote chu an that chimit a. mahse Thanghlianga chu a tlan chhuak hman a, ral aangin
‘That hlah u, that hlah u, meithal na duh maw, chhawn liang lung na duh maw’ tia a rawn au avanngin a fapa
a la awm niah an ngai a, a fapa chu khum hnuaiah a lo awm ngei a, chu pawh chu an vithlum ve ta a ni.

3. Dawithiam rawt: Tunhma deuh chuan fanai ho zingah hian dawithiam an awm niin an ring thin a, tichuan
dawi thiam awmna khaw lal te chuan rawt zai an rel a, an hun tiamah zanah tlang hrang hrangah mei an det
a, chutah chuan dawithiam nia an rin te chu pawnah kai chhuakin an tihlum a ni. He dawithiam rawt hi 1901
niin an sawi.

Dawithiam nia rinhlelh an thah tak hi an tam ve viau a, thenkhat erawh chu lo tlanchhe hman an awm.
A tlanchhe hman zinga mi te chuan sorkar-ah an thlen a, chutah chuan dawithiam thattu nia ngaih mi 5 man
an ni a, mi pali chu an tang hlum, an zinga mi Lianhleia chu kum 1906 khan kum 5 a tan hnuah a chhuak a ni.

He dawithiam rawt hi a nghawng a na hle a, Lungleng khua chu an darh vek a, Muallianpuia chengte
pawh Lungphun khuaah an insawn vek a ni.

4. Khawnglung run : Khawnglung run hi chhim leh hmar indo (1849-1856) laia thleng a ni a, Khawnglung hi
Chhim lam lal Thuama khua a ni, kham chawi vel, a luhna khan pakhat chauh awm a ni a, leihlawn dawh kaia
luh ngai a ni. Khawnglung kianga Khuanghlumah hian Fanai lal Khawtindala a awm a. Anni ho chu Vuta’n a
thurualpui a, tichuan a fapate Lalngurauva leh Lalvunga te chuan Khawnglung hi an run ta a ni. (Lalhniangi
leh Chalthanga)

3. Mautam: Mautamah hian Mizoram mau zawng zawng a ‘tam’ a, Thlangdar chi khat ‘Thangnang’ leh sazu
an puang a, Sazu chuan buh an eizawh vek zel avangin an tam ta a ni. Mau tam hi kum 50 danah a thleng
tlangpui a, Mautam hnuhnung ber chu kum 2007 kha a ni.

Vawikhatna – 1861 : A ram pumah tam a tlak avangin khawimah mah pur phurhna tur a awm lo. Kawlbahra
an lai a, changel bul an khel a, an eichhiat em avangin an ngeih lova, an cher em em a ni. Vawkpui pawh pal-
ngheng lo chuan a ding thei lova, a riltam chu a then tlawk tlawk mai a, khaw khat tlangval chak pawhin an
man bet zo bik lo. Nula hmeltha pawh hian silai dawt khat buh hum pawh an man lo a ni. Tualte vanglai kha
he Mautam tam vanga darh niin an sawi.

Vawi hnihna – 1911 : Kum 1909 – 1910 velah thangnang a puang tan a, an chawlhna tur pana zana an thlawk
chu rial rum ang deuhthaw a ni. Ngawpui thiang zawng zawng deuhthawah an kur nguai a ni. Hetah hian
sorkar-in sazu mei 179015 leina atan Rs. 1532 an hmang, niin an sawi. He mautam hi a thlen tur thu hriat
lawk a anih avangin vai puh an ei puk a, chu chu rulh leh a ngai a, hetih hunlaia phurrit hi a tling a ni.

Vawi thumna – 1959: Mau a tam a, sazu a puang a, thangnang a puang bawk a, sazu te chuan zankhat lekah
lo zau tak taka buh chu an ei zo vek mai a ni. 1951 July 21-ah ‘Tam do pawl’ (Mizo National Famine Front) an
din hial a, chu chu a hnu-ah MNF lo pian chhuahna a ni. He tamah hian india leh Assam sorkar chuan motor
leh thlawhna hmangin buhfai a thlak thin, sazu thah nan tur chi hrang hrang an chahlut bawk.

Vawi lina – 2007 : 2007 khan Mau a tam leh a, hetah hian mautam tam dona atan central sorkar atangin
Bamboo Flowering and Famine Combat Scheme (Baffacos) kha siam a ni a. Baffacos hi kum 2004-2005 atang
khan hman tan a ni a, kum tina sum dah dan chu kum 2004-2005-ah cheng nuai 2000, kum 2005-2006-ah
cheng nuai 4000, kum 2006-2007-ah cheng nuai 3000, leh kum 2007-2008, tun sorkar kum kal mek atan cheng
nuai 3500 a ni. Politics-a inchirh thehna a nasa hle.

Vai buhfai leh ei tur dang a tam tawh avangin tam avanga thih phah te, harsatna lian lutuk tawk an awm hriat
a ni lova, Saiha district lamah erawh chuan an tuar ve hle a ni.

4. Thing tam : Mau chi khat rawthing an tih chu a par a, a kung a thi vek a, chuvangin ‘Thingtam’ an ti. A rah
chu sazu in chaw atan an hmang a, an ngeih hle a, an puang vak a, chu chuan buh an seh leh a ni.

Vawikhatna - 1880 (He tamah hian Cachar atangin buhfai mound 1800 leh buhhum mound 200 an lalut a,
tam dawmna atan Rs. 1240 sem a ni), vawihnihna - 1929 favang lai kha a ni. Vawithumna chu 1976-77 a ni
(Hemi tuma sazu hraihlum zat chu 1976-ah 553045, 1977-ah 6216616 a ni)

5. Thli chhe tleh: 1878 Favang khan Mizoramah a tleh a, hetiang khawpa thli na hi a la tleh ngai lova, a hnuah
pawh a tleh leh tawh lo niin an sawi. kawng bikl nei lovin a tleh a, khawvar dawn velah a tleh na tan a, a na
tulh tulh a, chawfak hun velah a tleh tawp. He thli hian khawtinah in a len chhia a, buh te pawh a len tlu nasa
a, mahse tam nan chuan an hmang ta lo. Hemi kuma naupiang te hi an chhawih deuh niin an sawi.

6. Arsi tlak: 1886 August thla vel khan zan khat chu mut hun hma deuhin van lama arsi chu a tla chiam mai a,
mak ti em emin an en huai huai a, lei thleng chuan an hre si lova, darkar khat aia rei mah a tla a ni.

7. Minpui : 1929 April thla khan ruah a sur nasa tan a, June ni 12 thleng han lovin a sur a, June ni 9-12 phei
chuan a sur nasa zual. Lui a lian a, lei a min a, ram per tha lai tak te pawh a min a ni.

C. VAI RUN HMINGTHANG TE

(1) Mizovin vai run kan hriat hmasak ber chu Palian Lal Lalrihua’n Sylhet phaia cheng Vaiho a run kha a ni,
1826 nia ngaih a ni. Hei hi ‘Massacre in the plain Sylhet’ (Sylhet phai mihring samna) tiin an sawi hial.

(2) Bengkhuaa leh savunga ten 1867-ah Chittagong an run a, mi 11 an that a, 35 an man.

(3) 1889-ah Lianphunga’n Chittagong Hill Tracts-a tuikuk khaw tam fe a run

(4) 1826 atanga 1889 thleng hian bangladeuh ram run vawi 10 vel a thleng

(5) Tripura ram run thu : 1844 atang khan 1888 thleng inrun tum 5 vel zet a thleng.

(6) Manipur run thu : 1868 atanga 1869 chhungin inrun tum 3 a thleng

(7) Silchar run thu : Silchar lam ram hi Mizo pipute khan sai ram chhuahna atan an hman avang leh tlawng
dung zawh zawnga kal a rem avangin an run nasa hle a. 1868 atang khan vawi 20 vel zet run a ni a, hemi zinga
inrun hmingthang leh pawimawh ber chu January ni 23, 1871 a Bengkhuaia leh Sangvunga ten cachar Alexan-
drapur thingpui huan an run a, mingo pakhat James Winchester an thah a, a fanu kum 6 mi Mary Winchester
an man kha a ni. James Winchester ruang hi huan neitu Mr. Cook chuan a hlawm a ni.

INTRODUCTION : Pi leh pu te khan Mizo hnahthlak ni ve lo ho kha chu ‘Vai’ tiin an sawi mai thin a, Burmese
ho chu ‘Kawlvai’ an ti a, Bristish ho pawh chu “Vailian’ an ti leh mai a, mahse mingo ho chu an inkoh danin
‘sap’ an ti mai bawk. Hemi hnu hian Mizo ngaihdanah khawvelah hian hnam chi thum chiah an awm a, chungte
chu –Mizo, Sap leh Vai an ni.

Bristish ho khan kum 1885-ah Burma an awp tawh a, 1835-ah manipur, Chittagong leh Tripura 1765,
Assam thngpui huan hi 1841-ah an siam tan a, Cachar thingpui erawh 1853-ah an siam tan

D. VAI LIAN LEH BRISTISH LO LUH DAN

VAI LO LEN CHHAN:
Kum 1854-a report an dawn dan chuan, kum 1837-1854 inkarah Mizo ten phaitual vawi 19 an run a, mi 107
an that a, mi 186 salah an man. Kum 1872 thleng khan vawi 9 aia tlem lo an bei leh a, mihring 242 vel an that
a, mi 191 salah an man a, silai 13 aia tlem lo an la bawk.
Heng zinga Bristish ti thinurtu ber chu Bengkhuaia hovin January ni 23, 1871-a Alexandrapore-a James Win-
chester an thah a, a fanu kum 5 mi Mary Winchester an man kha a ni.

Hei vang hian Phai ram an run fo laka phuba la tur te, an sal man chhuahsak turte, an silai lak chhuh tur te,
thingpui huan tibuaitute hrem tur te, Mary winchester (Zoluti) la kir turtein an lo thawk chhuak a, chu chu
‘The Lushai Expedition 1871-1872’ tih a ni.

MIZO TEN PHAI AN RUN CHHAN:

Mizote kawlh leh sual hrim hrim vang nilovin, khua leh khua indo thin an ni a, an lama tang lo te chu an
hmelma an ni a, chuvangin invaivar an tumna lamah phai ram te hi an run a ni.

An thlahtute kha khawchhak atanga thlang tla zel an ni a, Mizoram china awm ngheh tumna an nei hran lo a
ni thei a, chuvangin thlang tla zel a, ramthar zuan an tumna lamah phai ram hi an run ta a ni thei.

Sapel leh ramchhuak thin an ni a, ‘Kan sai ram chhuahna an dal’ tiin an bei ta niin an sawi bawk a. Anamhni
lo dodaltu British te chu an do ta mai niin a lang.

VAI LEN VAWKHATNA:

The Right Column:
Hei hi ‘Chhim vai lian’ an ti. Gen. Brownlow chuan sipai tam tak nen October 1871-ah Chittagong atangin Mi-
zoram a pan. Col. TH Lewin-a chu political officer a ni. Khaw tam tak rawn kalpelin Bengkhuaia khuaa Zoluti
chu an la let a, hei hi January 21, 1872 a ni. Tichuan the right column hi an kir leh.

Right Column hian Mizo khaw 20 an hal a, Mizote pawhin an lo bei let ve a, kalkawng tihnawkin, lung sahbuak
te an siam a, Mizo lalte an tangkhawm ve nasa hle.

TH Lewin-a (Thangliana) chu sipai tel lovin an bia a, an inrem ta a, Sal 100 chuang an chhuaha Zoluti an pekir
bawk.

The Left Column:

Hei hi ‘Hmar vai lian’ emaw ‘’Bawrhsap lian’ emaw an ti thin. Brig. Gen. Brochier hovin sipai 1600, kuli 2000
rual, sai tam fe nen December 16, 1871-ah Silchar chhuahsanin Ngopa tlangdung an zawh. Kum 1972 February
ni 15-ah Champhai an thleng.

Mizo lalte nen an inbia a, inremna siamin 1872 February ni 21-ah Champhai an chhuahsan. March ni 7, 1872-
ah Tipaimukh an thleng.

Sipai ho hian Khawlian, Vanbawng, Teikhang te an hal. Mizote pawhin an lo bei ve nasa a, mi tam tak an lo
that ve niin an sawi.

VAI LEN VAWI HNIHNA:

An lo luh chhan:
Kum 1888 atangin Mizoten vai an run leh tan a, Mizoram hriatchian tuma survey team Lt. Steward leh a hote
chuan 1888 February-ah saichal an thleng a, chu chu Dokulha hoten lo beiin sipai pahnih an kaphlum.

Liankunga leh Dochhuma ten 1888 April-ah Manipur bial an bei a, mi 3 an that. Chittagong lamah Lakher ten
July 1888-ah vai an run.

Burma lamah pawh Sukte, Halkha lal hoten mi 12 thatin mi 122 salah an man a, In 35 an hal.

Tlabung lamah pawh Lungliana leh Nikhama ten mi 21 an that a, 15 salah an man a, tuikuk khaw 24 halin mi
101 an that
Mizoten an chhehvel ram an beih chhan

An ram chin nia an hriat humhalh an tum ve vang a ni, an ram chin an hrechiang hle.

Sai ram chuahna atana an hman thin chu thingpui huanah te siamin an tiphul zo dawn niin an hria.

Sailo lalte phei chuan inthurualin run tur bik te an siam.

‘Kan chungah ni leh muvanlai bak a leng lo’ titu tan midang ngaihtheih a har.

Chhan hrang hrang avang hian Bristih ho chuan Mizoram chu awp beh law law tha an ti a, a tum hnihna atan
an lo lut leh ta a, chu chu ‘The Lushai – Chin Expedition1888-1889’ tih an vuah ta a ni.

Burma Column:
‘Chhak lam vai lian’ an ti.Tiddim phai atangin Gen. Faunce-an a hova, December 24, 1888-ah ‘Fort White’ an
tih hmun an thleng. Burma ram chhung khaw hrang hrang paltlangin Sukte khua 18 an hal. Brig. Gen WR
Symons-a hruai Northern Column nen March 11, 1889-ah Falam-ah an intawkkhawm. Chhiah chawi tura an
tih chu duh lovin ramthuam nen paho 3000 lai an pungkhawm a, mahse chhiah tihhniam an rawt leh tak avan-
gin an inrem.

Chittagong Column :
1 ‘Cchim vailian’ tiin an sawi a. Col. FVG Tregear-an a ho, mi 3380 an tling. Lunglei an thlen hnuin pawl
hnihah an inthen. Pawl khat chu Southern Column nen Tiau-ah an intawk a, pakhat chu Cachar Column nen
Tlawng lui bul, Lianphunga khuaah an intawk.

Cachar Column
WW Daly hovin mi 400 chuan Changsil atangin Aizawl an lut. Kum 1890 February ni 25 atangin Baza tlangah
kulh an siam tan a, Mizoram chu an awp nghet ta a ni.

March 1890-ah Expedition chu an zo fel a Capt. Browne chu Bawrhsap (Political Officer) in April 1890-ah a
thu ta a ni.

BRITISH IN MIZORAM AN AWP DAN

Ralthuam leh finnaah Mizoten British an khan loh em avangin an do hneh ta lova, chuti chung chuan Aizawlah
Bawrhsap a thut hnu pawhin an la bei zel.

May, 1890-ah Suakpuilala thlah Mizo lal te chu Aizawlah an fuankhawm a, Bawrhsap nena inbiak an rawt.

June 13, 1890ah an inbia, Baza tlang atanga Mizo lal awmna inkarah Mizo tlangval 1000 chuang an inzar pharh,
Zarkawt hming lo chhuah chhan a ni. Hetah hain Browne hian Mizoram chu awp a nih thu a puang.

Capt. Bowne zin tur chu September 1890-ah manga thlah te leh Kalkhama khua ten an lo lambun a. Saitawma
chuan ‘Lal leh lal kan intum ang’ a ti a, Capt. Browne chu a sakawr chung chuang lai a kapthla tawp a, Changsil
kulhah a vak lut a, a thi ta tho. He inbeihnaah hian Mizo Pasaltha Khuangchera a thi.

Sipai thinur chuan khua an hal a, Mizo te pawhin nasa takin an kap. Mahse lal thenkhat chu Capt. Browne
thlaktu RB McCabe kutah an inpe.

Kum 1920-a Assam Chief Commissioner lo kal chuan Sesawng lal lalburha hneah ‘Engah nge Bristish min kah,
kan chak asin’ a ti a, Lalburha chuan, ‘Kan kap ang che u chu, kan indo alawm’ a ti a. ACF chuan, ‘Bristish te
chu tuman an ngam hleinem’ a ti a, lalburha chuan ‘Kan ngam loh vang che u alawm min awp reng. Tuivawl
thlenga kan tawlh hi. Ngam che u ila chuan London thleng kan um che u anga sin’ a ti e an ti.
Bristish in Mizoram an awp chhung hi 1890 atanga 1947 thleng a huam thei ang a, he kum 57 chhung hian
Bawrhsap 25 an thu hman a ni.

Kum 1901 chhiarpuia Mizoram dinhmun

Khua 239
In 15,668
Mihring 82,434
Kristian 45
Lehkhathiam 761

Kum 1834 atangin Mizoramah bawih neih khap a ni. Mizo lal zinga bawih chhuah hmasa ber chu Muabuang
lal, Khawvelthanga a ni. Dr. Peter Frazer leh Bawrhsap HWG Cole an inkhing.

Kum 1914-a Indopui a lo thlen khan Mizo tlangval 2100 chu kum 1917-ah France (Feren) ramah an kal a, 1918-
ah an lo haw leh.

Kum 1927 bawr vel khan Mizo lal hrang hrang 56 lai zawtin Bawrhsap NE Parry chuan ‘Mizo Dan’ a buin a
siam.

Kum 1947-a India a independent khan Mizoram-ah District Council din tura duan chhoh a ni a, 1952-ah din a
ni. 1954-ah compensation tlem pein Lal ban a ni.

E. MIZO LITERATURE TOBUL LEH A THAN CHHOH DAN:

(a) Oral tradition, folklores & folktales
(b) Pre-christianisation period (1860-1894)
(c) Early period (1894-1920)
(d) Middle period (1920-1970)
(e) Contemporary Mizo literature (1970-present)

E. Mizo literature Tobul leh a Than chhoh dan:

Oral tradition, folklores & folktales :

E. Mizo literature Tobul leh a Than chhoh dan: Oral tradition, folklores & folktales :
Folk Narratives
Folk Narratives:
(a) Myth (b) Legend (c) Folktales
Folk Song
(a) Mimal hmingchawi hla
(b) Puipunnaa sak chi
(c) Rimawi hla
(d) Indonnaa sak chi
Proverbs & Riddles

E. Mizo literature Tobul leh a Than chhoh dan:

Pre-christianisation period (1860-1894)
TH Lewin ‘Wild Races of South Eastern India’ (1870)
TH Lewin ‘Progressive Colloquial Exercise in the Lushai Dialect of the Dzo of
Kuki languages with vacabularies and Popular Tales’ (1874)
Brojo Nath Saha ‘A grammar of Lushai language’ (1884)
CA Soppit ‘Rangkhol Kuki Lushai Grammar’ (1885)
HR Browne ‘The Lushais’ (1887)
AO Chamber ‘Handbook of the Lushai Counctry’ (1889)
AS Reid ‘Chin Lushai Land’ (1889)
Early period (1894-1920)
1894 : Mizo A, AW, B siam kum (JH Lorrain & FW Savidge)
1896 : Mizo zirtirbu siam a ni
1895 : Chanchintha Luka ziak letling
1899 : Luka, Johana, Tirhkohte thiltih letling
1905 : Isua chanchin (Pu Buanga)
1906 : Isua hnenah lo kal rawh
1898 : The Lushai Grammar and Dictionary
1940 : Dictionary of the Lushai language
1895 : Jisu vanah a om a
1899 : Kristian hlabu hmasa ber (hla 18)

Zosaphluia (DE Jones) leh Zosapthara (Edwin Rowlands) an lo lang

Kristian hlabu-ah Zosaphluia hla 40 leh Zosapthara hla 83 a chuang
Khamliana, M Suaka, Thangphunga (Khamliana hian 1897-ah Kumpinu hnenah lehkha a thawn)
Tarmita (J.Shakespeare) a lo lang. Ani hian 1898-ah ‘Mizo chanchin laisuih’ chanchinbu a rawn siam.

Middle period (1920-1970)

Biakliana
Kaphleia
Lalzuithanga
C.Thuamluaia
C.Khuma
Zairema
KC lalvunga
J.Malsawma
Siamkima Khawlhring
Contemporary Mizo literature (1970-present)
C.Laizawna
James Dokhuma
B.Lalthangliana
RL Thanmawia
LZ Sailo
L.Keivom
Khawlkungi
Laltluangliana Khiangte etc.

Mizo Literary Genre-a hmasa ber te

Essay hmasa ber : Thlirtu (Kaphleia) 1938
Short Story hmasa ber : Chhingpuii (Kaphleia) 1938
Novel hmasa ber : Hawilopari (L.Biakliana) 1936
Lemchan hmasa ber : Sangi Inleng (Lalthangfala) 1959
Book of the year hmasa ber : Ka lungkham (B.Lalthangliana) 1989

Mizo chanchinbu hmasa te

Mizo chanchin laisuih - 1898
Mizo leh Vai chanchin - 1902
Kristian tlangau – 1911
Sipai tlangau ; 1931
Kohhran beng : 1947
Zoram Thupuan : 1947
Mizo Arsi : 1948
Editor hmasa ber : Makthanga
Book of the year lo ni tawh te
1989 – Ka lungkham B.Lalthangliana
1990 – Hmangaihzuali C.Laizawna
1991 – Zoram Khawvel L.Keivom
1992 – Thangthar taitesena Romawia
1993 – Mizo Literature B.Lalthangliana
1994 – Kum za kristian zofate BMCF
1995 – Ram leh Itan chauh Dr. H.Lallungmuana
1996 – Bible leh Sciene Dr. PC Biaksiama
1997 – Pasaltha Khuangcher Dr. Laltluangliana Khiangte
1998 – Anita C.laizawna
1999 – Tlawm ve lo Lalnu Ropuiliani Lalsangzuali Sailo
2000 – Chawngmawii leh Hrangchhuana R.Rozika
2001 – Ka khualzin kawng Robuanga
2002 – Runlum Nuthai Capt. LZ sailo
2003 – Kan bible hi Rev. Zairema
2004 – Zorinpari H.Lalngurliani
2005 – Damlai Thlipui Lalhriata
2006 - Pasalthate nihnuhnung C.lalnunchanga
2007 – Zofate zinkawngah R.Zamawia
2008 – Chun chawi loh Lalhriata
2009 – Rintei Zunleng Lalrammawia Ngente
2010 – Beiseina mittui Samson Thanruma
2011 – Zodinpuii Lalchhantluanga
2012 – Sihlipui Romuanpuii Zadeng
2013 – Thinglubul Lalpekkima
2014 - Ka Zalenna B.Lalhriattira

B.Lalthangliana, C.Laizawna leh Lalhriata te hian Book of the year hi tum hnih an dawng tawh a ni. Academy
Award hi Mizo Academy of Letters-in thu leh hla (literature lama mi thawhhlawkte tana Award a siam a ni a,
kum 5 dana pek thin a ni. KC Lalvunga hi a thih tawh hnua pek a ni.

UNIT 6 — MIZO NUNPHUNG PAWIMAWH THENKHAT TE

(a) Thihna chi hrang hrang leh an sawngbawl dan
(b) Zu chi hrang hrang leh a hmanna te
(c) Pi pute ramhuai hriat dan
(d) Mizo ze tha leh chhinchhiah tak te
(e) Mizote leh lungphun

A. Thihna chi hrang hrang leh an sawngbawl dan

Kum 1894-a Mizote kristian kan nih hma zawng kha chuan thihna thliar hran dan chi hrang hrang an nei ve
thin a, anmahni ngaihdanin thihnu piah lam ram awmdan leh mitthi te kal dan pawh an suangtuah thin. Thihna
hrang hrang te chu :

(a) Awmlai thi: Awmlai thi chu thih dan pangngai, kum upat tawh vang te, natna engemaw avanga thi te hi
an ni a. Hetianga thi te hi chu eng natna vei pawh nise, kum engzata upa pawh nise awmlaia thi an ni a. Mizo
pi leh pu te khan thihna zingah chuan a pangngai leh thlan nahawm berah an ngai.

(b) Hlamzuih: Nausen thi hi hlamzuih tih a ni a, hmun thenkhatah chuan thla thum tlin hma chhunga thi hi
hlamzuih tih a ni. He ngaihdan hi tunlai thlenga hman a ni a, amaherawhchu Synod chuan hlamzuih tihbo a
tum mek a ni. Hlamzuih hi thihna ni ve bawk mahse, pi leh pute khan an ngai thutak lo hle. Thlanmualah pawh
phum lovin an in bul hnaiah an phum mai thin. Nausen thi chu puanin an tuam a, a tuihal loh nan lapua chu
nu hnute tuiin an ti huh a, naute kaah an hnawh thin, a kut lehlamah buh fangkhat an humtir thin a, a lehlamah
artui an humtir thin, artui chu nausen hmaah chuan a lum zel a, mitthi khua a hruai thleng thin.

(c) Raicheh: Nau neihna avanga thi te hi raicheh an ni. Hetiang thihna hi thihna tihbaiawm leh tha lo niin an
ngai a, hmeichhia in an hlauh ber a ni. Chuvang chuan raicheha thi an nih loh nan, naute an neih tuk lawkah
tui an chawitir thin a, chumi hnua thi an nih chuan raicheha thiah an ngai tawh lo a ni. Raicheha thi an awm
ni chuan tuman thing an phur lova, puan an tah lova, zanah la an kai ngai lo bawk. Tuman raicheha thi thawmh-
naw an ha ngam lova, a puantahna kawngvawn pawh an hmang ngam lo. A chhan chu raicheha thih ve an
hlauh vang a ni.

(d) Sar thi: Chetsualna avanga thi te hi sar thi an ni. Thingkung atana tla te, lum hlum te, tuia tlahlum te hi
sarthi vek an ni a, hetiang thihna hi chu an hlau in an tih hle. Thli thawt loh hunlaia thli thaw vuk vuk te hi
‘sarthli’ an ti a, chhun en laia ni bula chhimbal zam thin te hi ‘sar zam’ an ti bawk. Sarthi ruang hi kawngka
pangngaih an luhpui ngai lova, kawmchar lam atangin an luhpui thin. A ruang chu tlaivarpui a thiang lova,
thlan an lai thuai a, an phum thuai thin. Hetianga an tih chhan chu ‘zulin a zui duh’ midang an thi ve duh tihna
a ni.

MITTHI AN SAWNGBAWL DAN

Mitthi chu a mit an siam a, a khabe an tuam bawk a, ama thawmhnaw ngei an haktir bawk thin. Mitthi lu-ah
chuan sahriak an hnawih a, an khuih pial than thin.

Mitthi chu an chhung hnai deuh te bulah an phum thin a, hlamzuih leh sathi erawh chutiang chuan an ti kher
lo.

Vanglai thi chuan khawtlang a nghawng na hle thin a, an tlaivar pui a, thlan laihnaah pawh tuman fiamthu an
thawh ngai lo. A vuinaah pawh ngawi rengin an kal a, thlan khampheiah an phum thin. Thlan thuk bik, zau bik
leh lung remkual a ni.

Mi langsar leh ropui an thih chuan ‘Tianhrang thlan’ah an phum a. Chu chu thlan thuk bik, thlan laih pangngai
bakah a sira ruang lenga ker leh chhawn, lunga rem kual a ni.

Thangchhuah pa chu thangchhuah inthuamin an thuam thin

Pasaltha chu pasaltha thuamin silai leh fungki an kentir thin

Chhungkaw pa ber a thih chuan an ‘zalh’ thin. Chumi awmzia chu ruang chu banglai rinchhanin emaw pathlang
lam tuium hunnaah emaw an dah thin. A ban dahna tur an siam a, a lu a kun loh nan an tawn thin bawk.

An vui dawn chuan mitthi chu puanngovin an tuam a, puan dumin an tuam leh thin. Mau an suih zum a, a
awm leh a dul zawnah an thui phui tlat a, a lu leh a ke lam puan chu lachhumin an suih phui thin. An vui dawn
hian silai an kap thin.

Mitthi chhungte chu a raltu, anmahni duhsaktute chuan zu an tawk thin. A ruang bulah, mitthi in ai zu chu an
leih bua a, a then chu an duhsak dangte an pe bawk thin.

Mitthi ruang an zalh chu vui dawnah khumah an sawn a, vui dan tur pangngaiin an chei bawl thin.

Chhungkaw pa ber a thih chuan thlaichhiah ngei turah an ngai a, thl;aichhiah theihloh chu a mualphothlakah
an ngai. Chhungkaw neinung deuh chuan pa ber lo pawh an thlaichhiah tho.

A tlangpui thuin thlaichhiah nan hian ran ke pali nei chin hman a ni, hausa deuh chuan Sialin an thlaichhiah
a, rethei deuh chuan Vawk emaw kel emaw in an thlaichhiah. Thlaichhiah sa hi thlan laitute leh mitthi raltute
ei tura buatsaih a ni.
Thlaichhiah sa hi tlangval tlawmngaite chuan an ei duh lova, an banah an kai chung pawhin an ei duh lova, nu
leh pa leh tlema vantlang hnuai deuh ten an ei thin. Thihni ngeiin an thlaichhiah thin.

Chhungkaw pa ber thihni a thlaichhiah loh chu then rualte nena inhau palh nikhuaah ‘I pa thlaichhiah lohva
thihtir I ni lawm ni’ tih an hlawh a, chu chu inhmusitna tawngkamah an ngai.

Thlaichhiah sa zawng zawng hi mitthi thlarau hian a chhawm turah an ngai a, chuvangin an duhsak hle a ni.

Mitthi chu an vui dawn chuan puanngovin an tuam a, mau an suih zum a, a awm leh a dul zawnah an thui
phui tlat thin. A lu leh a ke lam pawh lachhumin an suih ping thin.

Mitthi vui hi an sakhua nen a inkungkaih lem lo niin a lang. Ruang kiltute chu an chhungte an ni ber a, mak-
paten silai an kap thin. Vui dawnah silai an kap a, darkhuang leh dar dang te an vaw ri bawk thin.

Tahtu ngah chu ropuiah an ngai a, tlai lam khaw thim hma a thlan vur zo hman tawk turah an vui ber thin.

Thihna hi an tuar thiam lo hle a, chaw pawh an ei duh lo thin a, an cher phah hle thin. A lu te pawh an ti thur
hle.

Thla thum hnuah an inthian a, chutah chuan an lu sahriak an thih a, mitthi sunna puan an su fai a, engkim
thian te tih ang an ti ve tawh thin a ni.

Kuang ur : A hautak avangin Lal te chauhin kuang an ur thin. Ruhro hi an rohlu zingah a tel.

MITTHI KHAW KALKAWNG:

Mitthi thlarau chu a chhipah a chhuak a, tungchaw-ah a lawn a, khanchhuk a zawh a, liang atangin
kawmcharah a chhuak. Rih a han thleng a, a lo kir leh a, dai hnai velah a awm, an thlaichhiah hnua ‘thitin’ an
hman hnuah Rihdil lam panin a kal leh.
(a) Thlanpial
(b) Hringlang tlang
(c) Lungloh tui
(d) Hawilo par
(e) Zing vanzawl
(f) Mitthi khua
(g) Pialral

Zingvanzawl hi Pawla awmna hmun a ni a, a lo kal apiang chu a lo sai thin a, sai ve ngai loh a nei a, hlamzuih
te, thangchhuahpa te, tlangval nula ngei te an ni. (Heta tlangval nula ngai tih hi sex hmanpui lam aiin
Chawngchen nikhuaa an sakhaw hmanna a tel ve lo, mahni sakhaw ngaihsak lo tihna a ni zawk)

Mitthi khuaah hian dam laia an awm ang deuhin an khawsa leh niin an ngai a, mi tha chu mitha, rethei chu
rethei an nichhunzawm an ti. Mitthi khuaa an thil neih te chu a lem vek niin an ngai bawk.

Mitthi khua hi mi naran chenna a ni a, a piahah Piallui a luang a, chumi piah chu Pialral a ni.

Thangchhuahpa te chuan piallui an kan a, pialralah faisa ringin an khawsa bik thin a ni.

B. ZU CHI HRANG HRANG LEH A HMANNA TE

Zufang : Buhban fai atang siam, thlum tak, chhungkuaa in chi.
Zulawm : Naupang pual, nu in an siam sak thin, naupangin an in khawm thin. Kumkhata vawi khat vel an um.
Zupui: Zu pui ber, buh atanga siam, hun pawimawha hman thin, englai pawhin an kawl.
Tinzu: Buhfai chhum hmun tinah an bilh. A bilh nan tin an hman vanga tin zu a ni. 1890 hnu lama an chin.
Rakzu: Zu thlum tawh atanga thlawr, vaiho hnen atanga lak chhawn a nih hmel. vaiin Raksi an tih chu rakzu
tiin an lo sawi a ni awm e. Mizo pipute khan zu an chelek hle a, eng lai pawhin an nei a, hunpui leh sakah
nikhua zawng zawngah an in thin. Mitthi leh khawhar lenpuinaah thleng an in thin.

ZU IN DAN HRANG HRANG

Intawk: Khaw tinin zu nopui an nei a, a len leh tet dan erawh khaw neitu thu. nopui hi Tumpang emaw seki
lian deuh emaw a ni ber. Lal in nopui chuan zu a thal a, a in zawhah a thal leh a, a duh ber a pe a, chu chu
‘intawk’ a ni. Val upa in tlangval tlawmngai chu Zu nopuiin a tawk thin bawk.
Inleh: Zu inhonaah mahni chan ai midang intir hmasak hi ‘inleh’ a ni a, no dang a lo kal hunah a lehtu chuan
alo in tawh thin.
Inkhawh: Zu no leng an sem changin, tlangval chuan a thian chu ‘ka no hi ka leh a che’ a ti a, mahse zu no a
lo dawm tawh si a, ‘Kei pawhin fei ka kawl a lawm, ka khawh a che’ a ti a,, no chu an inthleng a, chu chu ‘inpe
tawn’ tihna a ni.
InCHawIRuaL : A ruala zu in
Thal: chawhtawlh a mi a thal a, midang a pe thin. Chu chu bthal a ni.
Sawhkeh: Zu tlemna hmunah, rualkhai taka zu sem sawina a ni.
Inleh seki : Zakzum leh zu in tlem deuh te an duhsakna a ni a, in neitu leh mi hausa deuh tihmi a ni.

ZU AN HMAN DAN
Mizo nunhluiah zui hi an chelek hle a, an nunphung tinreng deuhtawhah a tel.

Damlo thawina atan te, sakhaw biakna atan te, mitthi awm tumah te, nupui pasal neihnaah te, mo lawmnaah
te, sakahna leh lawmnaah te an inho vek mai.

Sapui aih niah te, kut ah te, mi lu an lam niah te an in bawk thin.

Hetiang hian zu chelek mah se, ku ni vang thla, chawn leh lam nikhuaah lo chuan nula leh tlangval ten zu an
in ve ngai lo tluk a ni. An in ve theih tumah pawh rui khawpin an in ngai lo.

C. PIPUTE RAMHUAI HRIAT DAN :

Ramhuai fel mi tina theilo chi ni a an ngaih te:
1) SI-HAI: Kan pi leh puten ramhuai zinga nun nem leh zaidam bera an lo sawi thin a ni.Rampalaileng leh dai
bul hnaiah an awm deuh ber thin.An pianhmang chu naupang duhawm tak ang hi an ni a,an lu hi a kir deuh
chhip chhep hlawma mipa leh hmeichhiate pawh an awm ve bawk.

2) MAIMI: Maimi hi ramhuai tha leh hlauwam lo pawl bawk a ni a, muthilh hlana mi lo zial emaw, thawh attir
emaw a ching thin a, mi tihnat erawh chu a ching lo emaw tih tur a ni. Kan pi leh pu te khan mai mizial kan tih
anga kan awm hian ramhuai ‘maimi’ an tih hnathawh ah an ngai a ni.

3) RAU: Rau pawh hi ramhuai hlauhawm lo pawla chhiar bawk a ni. In vel leh dai bul naupangho chettlatna
lai hi an chenna ber niin an ngai.

4) RAWT: Kan pi leh puten ramhuai zinga dawih bera an lo sawi thin chu rawt hi a ni. Lo riahnaah te hian mi
tihthaih an hrat em em a,’rawt,rawt’ tiin an hram noh noh thin.Rawt hram hi mi thenkhat chuan engemaw
rannung hramah an ngai thung .

5) KHUALTUPUI: Ramhuai hlauhawm lote zinga chhiar an ni a, mihring hriat tura thawm an neih dan ber chu
thlam te, in te a sawi chiam thin.

6) HMUITHLA: Hmuithla hi ramhuai anga ngaih theih ve, mahse, mihring ang taka ralkhat atanga inlar thina
sawi a ni. An rawn inlar chang pawhin hnaih theih pawh an ni lo va, pan hnaih dawn chuan hmuh loh karin an
bo mai thin a ni.

7) KHUAVANG: Khuavangho pawh hi kan pi leh pute chuan ramhuai tha mi nia an lo ngaih thin a ni. Mihringte
pawh hi min enkawlin min veng thei hial niin an lo sawi thin.Pangti khawimaw laia thil dum te tak te te lo
awm thin pawh hi khuavangin min hriat hran theihna tur emaw, eng emaw avanga min lo chhinchhiah theihna
turah an ngai a, a hmingah pawh ‘khuavang chhinchhiah’ an vuah a ni. Kan kiang velah hian hmuh theih si
lovin an khawsa ve a, mihringte ang bawkin nupui pasalte pawh an nei ve a, a chhungkua te pawh an din ve
nia sawi a ni. Mihringte hmuah pitar angin a inlar deuh ber thin a, an lung tih-awi chuan mal min sawm thei
leh an duh loh zawnga awm chuan min tichhe theituah an ngai.

8) LASI: Pi puten ramhuai tha mia an lo chhiarho zingah cuan lasi hi a lar ber leh a chanchin an lo hriat tam
ber a ni. Nula hmel tha tak tak an ni a, tar emaw naupang emaw an awm an sawi ngai lo. Ramsa leh ranvulh
chunga thuneitu niah an ngai a, Lasi zawlte chuan sa an kap thei em ema ngaih a ni. Tan Tlang leh a chheh vel
Lurh te khi lasi awmna niin an ngai a ni.

Ramhuai sual a an ngaih ho te:

1) TAU: Ramhuai chi khat hlauhawm thin tak chhunlawnah pawh kham karah leh thing zarah te nilum aia thu
duai duai thina, a lu vun te hika a hrikte en thin nia sawi a ni a, thenkhat chuan ‘tau luhik’ an ti deuh kher
thin. Chuti anga awm hmu chuan a mi melh ringawt pawh lu kawlh rawta natna a ni an ti. Zanah a rualin kham
leh ngaw velah te hian meichher chhiin an kal duah duah thin, ralkhat atang chauhin a hmuh theih a ni; chuti
ang chi chu ‘tau meichher chhi’ an ti thin.

2) KHAWHRING: Khawhring hi chu ramhuai sual leh vir tak a ni a, mi thil neih an it avangin an buan thluin an
pum te a tihnat sak thin. An khawchhungah an lut a, anmahni hmang chuan an thil duh leh phutte chu an lo
sawi chhuak thin a ni. Nula hmel tha deuh hian khawhring hi an nei duh bik a, chuti ang an nih avang chuan
mi thenkhat chuan in itsikna leh in tihhmingchhiat duhna avanga inpuhna mai niin an rin phah bawk.

3) KHAW-MU: Khaw-mu chu ramhuai sual mihring hruai bo leh lak bo ching a ni. Mihring chin hriat loha bo ta
daih te hi khawmu chawi bo an ti thin. Mizoramah hian sawi tur atam hle mai, thenkhat chu an bo hlen daih
a, a then chu ni eng emaw zat hnuah an hmu leh bawk a, anmahni zawnga mipui an vah huai huai pawhin an
sulhnu hmuh tur reng reng a awm ngai lo va, chawia chawi bo an ni tihte pawh a rinawm ve khawp mai.
Khawmu chawi an tih ho an hmuh leh hovin an sawi dan chuan an zakhnuaiah te dawmin an thlawh pui thin
a, tin, hmun nuam tak tak ah te kalpui in eitur tuihnai tak tak te an pe thin in an sawi a mahse an kalpuina te
chu ramhnuai pilril tak tak te leh kham kar chhengchhe tak tak te a lo ni thin a, an thil ei te pawh chu changpat
te pangang te theirah engemaw mai mai te a lo ni thin. Mak deuh mai chu an kalna hi mihring pangai tana
han kalna rual loh a kham chhengchia te a lo ni thin a ni.

4) TULUM: Ramhuai chi khat mak tak tak leh rapthlak tak taka chet hmang a ni. Mithi tawh kawchhungah te
a lut thin a, mihring ruang hmang chuan mak tak takin a khawsa thin a ni. Hetianga mithi kawchhunga ‘tulum’
a luh hian rei tak erawh chu dam angin an awm tawh chuang lo. Tulum a chhuah veleh khan an thi/che theilo
leh chawpchilh mai thin. Mitthi lo nung leh rapthlak tak taka han khawsa thin chu a hlauhawm ema mite’n an
rap hle thin.Tin, minung lai kawchhungah te pawh lut in bawraw tak takin a khawsak tir bawk thin ni in an
sawi.

5) PHUNG: Ramhuai sual leh hlauhawm zinga mi a ni a, hlauhawm leh rapthlak taka mihring mithmuha inlar
ching a ni. Lianpui mai, hang ren run leh hmul deuh thup, hnute fuak duai mai a ni. Anmahni hmuh ringawt
pawhin lu kawlh rawta natna a ni. Tin mihring pawh an sawisa hrep fo thin. Phung hi chi nga lai a awm in an
sawi a:-

a) Kawlkawlha Phung: Mizo upate’n phung hlauhawm bera an lo sawi thin a ni. Lian em em hmul der dur leh
dum zun a ni a,mi rilrute pawh hre vek niin an hria a, chu vangin phung rilru hriate pawh an ti thin a ni.

b) Phungkur: Khawlai leh dai vela cheng thin phung sang em em, kur dulh mai, van tawng hiala lang thin a nih
avangin ‘phungkur’ an ti a, a mala hmuh thin a ni. In thum lai pawh kan zo a nih avangin thenkhat chuan
inthum kar an ti bawk.
c) Tualphung: Hang mek muk, hmul them thum, hmel chhe tak, a hate pawh fangra tiat nia sawi a ni. Khaw
chhunga cheng a nih avangin tualphung an ti thin. Phung hian piring hi an duh em em a, an hmuh chuan an
inchuh luih luih thin a ni an ti thin a ni, chu vang chuan thil kan duh leh kan inchuh huai huai thin angte hi,
‘phung zinga piring vawrh ang mai’ tiin tawngkam hi kan lo nei ta a ni.

d) Chawm: Ramhuai chi khat phung nen pawha inang ve tak, lui dung leh kawr ruam vela cheng thin an ni a,
hmeichhia vek an nih avangin chawnu an ti deuh kher thin. Nu lian pui, hnute fual diai duai, hang mek muk
leh sam hram tak bu niin an sawi a, kawngkawrawi te, piring te, tumbu te hi an chaw ni berin an sawi. Mihring
tan hlauhawma an chet sawi a awm lo va, a pianhmang hrim hrim hi tihbaiawm a ni. A hmu apiangin an hlau
ve thung a ni.

e) Dengsur: Ramhuai hlauhawm leh sual zinga mi bawk a ni a, phung leh chawm lam pawl bawk an ni. Ramh-
nuai puk leh thing kawrawngah a cheng thin nia sawi n ni a, hlauhawm tak leh kawlh tak, tih thinrim phei
chuan mi vawm fur fur ching niin an sawi. Tun thgleng hian ‘Dengsur” in a lunga a vawm sawi tur an la awm
fo mai. Ramriahna ah te mi thlam a riak te lungin an vawm thin a, mak tak main a vawmtu hi hmuh tur an
awm ngai lova, tin, ruahsur nasat lai pawhin an vawmna lung hi a hul phing zel a ni, Tin, mak leh deuh mai
chu hetiang lunga pawn lam atanga a rawn vawm hian thlam bang chhe miah si lo hian thlam chhungah te
lung hi a rawn lut thei thin a ni.

6) HUAI: Kan pi leh puten ramhuai ti a an lo sawi ber thin chu huai chi hrang hrang, an chenna hmun azira
hming hran hran an lo vuahte chu a ni a, chung huai chihrang hrang te chu:-

a) Tuihuai: Pi pute khan li lian leh thuk bikte, lui tam takte hian anmahni chenchilhtu huai neiin an lo ring a,
an hmingah pawh tuihuai tiin an lo vuah a, a hranpa taka mi tihnat leh tih-khawloh chu an hmang pawh niin
an sawi lo va, amah erawh chu tihlungnih loh chuan mi a tihlum mai thin an ti. Rannung leh ramsa chi hrang
hrangah te an chang thei a, chuti ang pianghmang chuan mihringte hmuhah a inlar thin. Chuti ang chu ni ngei
tur a ni tlangval talawmnai leh huaisen hmingthang Vanzema pawh Mat li pakhat huaite’n an tihlum niin up-
aten an sawi a, tun thleng hian Mat luaia li pakhat chu Vanzema Li tih a la pu reng a ni.

b) Tlang huai: Pi pute khan tlang lian deuh leh ram leh kham rang nasa deuhte hian huai neiin an lo ring vek
a, inthawina thiam-hlaah pawh khawchhak tlang an hriat hlat ber atangin an awmna tlang thlengin an chham
thin a ni.

c) Bung Huai: Kan pi leh pu te khan thing lianpui pui a bik takin bung khung lian pui te khan huai neiin an ring
a, chung bung huai te chuan mihring te pawh ti damlova, ti thi thei niin an ngai a an hlau thei hle a ni. An lo
neih turah te bung kung lian tak a awm chuan a huai tih lungawi nan inthawina hlan hmsa lo chuan lo atan a
nei mai ngam ngailo a ni.

d) Sih Suai: Hmanlai kan pi leh pu te khan ramhnuaia sih lo awm hi chuan huai an nei vek in an ring thin a
chung chu ‘Sih Huai’ an ti a, mihring pawh tina thei leh chhiatna thlen thei ni in an ngai a. Sih awmna hi chu
lovah pawh an nei ngam ngai lo a ni.

D. Mizo ze tha leh chhinchhiah tlak te :

HMEICHIA AN HUMHALH
Tui chawi, thiangtuah lak hmeichhe hna a ni a, mahse an hmanraw hriam leh hriam loh te, an em that leh
that loh te chu mipa mawhphurhna a ni.

Chaw tur buhfai awm lo leh fairel bel ruak chu hmeichhe mualphona na ni a, ei tur neihloh chu mipa
mualphona a ni thung. Buhden leh thlei hmeichhe hna, suk leh sum that leh that loh mipa mawhphurhna a
ni.

Silh leh fen, mutbu that leh that loh hmeichhe mawhphurhna, a siamne leh tahna hmanraw buatsaih mipa
chan a ni. Themtleng, thembu, tukrek, ladinlek, hmui, lazarban, herawt, kawng vawn mipa siam vek a ni.
Inchhung vawn fai hmeichhe mawhphurhna, in phuar in puah, in far mipa mawhphurhna.

HMEICHHE CHUNGCHANG THUFING HRILHFIAHNA

Hmeichhe finin tuikhur ral a kai lo.
Hmeichhe thu thu ni suh, chakai sa sa ni suh
Hmeichhe tawng menah thlak rawh, hmeichhia leh uipui chu lo rum lungawi mai mai rawh se.
Hmeichhia leh Chakaiin sakhua an nei lo

MIHRING NUN AN NGAI HLU

Sar thi chi hrang hrang te an ruang zawn hmuh ngei an tum. Ni 7 leh zan 7 an zawng ngei thin.
An hmelhriat loh pawh tuamtu leh tahtu nei lovin an dah ngai lo

An SAL MAN AN SAWISA NGAI LO

Sal man te an chhawr rethei ngai lova, tlanchhuah leh theih an ni. Hmeichhe man Sial, mipa man darkhuang
an ti mai thin.
Hmeichhia phei chu an dimdawi hle a, pawngsual phei chu hmuingilohnaah an ngai.
An mi na te chu an chhungkaw zinga mi angah an ngai mai thin. An sal mante pawhin a mantute sa an phun
fo thin.
Tlawmngaihna an vawng nung tha
Thian chhan thih an ngam fo thin.

E. MIZOTE LEH LUNGPHUN

Mizote khan thil chhinchhiahna leh hriatrengna atan lung an phun thin a, lungphun culture (megalithic culture)
kha an nunphungah a bet tlat mai. Vawiin thlengin chung an lungphun te chu hmun hrang hrangah hmuh tur
a awm a, Mizote ze nghet tak leh la nung zel (living tradition) a ni ber.

Lungphun hi Run leh Tiau inkara an chen lai atang tawhin an ching a, lungphun dan chi hrang hrang an nei a,
an lemziak dan hmang pawh a in ang lo bawk.

Lungphun hi History zirna atana thil pawimawh tak pakhat a ni a, historical informantion that tawkloh thilah
te, data chi hrang hrang hmuh mai tur awm lo thilah te, thil thlen hun chungchang chhuina atan te lungphun
hi a tangkai hle a ni.

Mizote lungphun hi thil ker an thiamzia lanna pawimawh tak a ni a, a khuar hi a hmasa deuh a, pawng hi
hmanraw tha a ngaih avangin a hnuhnung deuh nia ngaih a ni.

Lungphun te hi mihring lem te, an ranvulh lem te, an thil neih hlu lem te hmangin an cheimawi a. An eizawnna
te, ral leh sa an beihna te pawh an tarlang tel thin.

Mizo lungphun dan hi chi hrang hrangin a sawi theih a – Lung phun pangngai te, thutna angrenga siam, ke nei
(stone seats) te, lung vawmkhawm (heap of stone) te a ni.

Lungphun hi Mizoram pumah hmuh tur a awm a, a bikin Champhai, Serchhip leh Aizawl district-ah a tam zual
a, hei hian khaw chhak lam atanga thlang tla kan nih a lantir awm e.
Lung kerna atan hian thir lam chi hmanrua a ngai a, chuvangin Mizote hian hetiang hmanrua hi khawi emaw
atangin an nei tih a lang thei.
Thir khen lam te, tuboh te an nei emaw chutiang lam chi emaw chu an nei tih a lang.

Mizo thawnthu leh lungphun te hian inkungkaihna tam tak an nei. Hei hian history chhui a tiawl a, a nemnghet
thei bawk.

An lungphun te hi mahni ropuizia puanchhuahna te, hriatrengna lung te, ramri lung te, an thil thiam lantirna
atan te an hmang a. Hriatrengna lung (memorial stones) te hian an inkungkaihna leh hmangaihna a lantir a
ni.

Zo hnahtlak hnam hrang hrang te thlang tlak dan leh an kal dan (migratory route) hriat nan lungphun chi
hrang hrang te hi a tangkai hle.

Hmar hnam peng hrang hrang hian Mizoram hmar lam leh Manipur, Assam lam an pan a, Lusei ho hi Mizoram
chhung leh a lai an pan a, lai leh Mara ho hian Mizoram chhim lam an pan tih an lungphun nhrang hrang atan-
gin a lang thei.

Hmar hnam te migratory route, heng hmunah hian Sikpui lung kan tih ang chi hi hmuh tur a awm tlangpui.
Sikpui lung. Sikpui Roui. Lawmthusawina ruai.
Senvawna Sikpui lung
Lusei ho thlang tlakna kalkawng. Heng hmunah hian lungphun pangngai, Chhura farep etc. te a awm deuh
ber.
Vangchhia, Kawtchhuah ropui
Lai leh Mara te hian Mizoram chhim lam an pan

Mizo thla hming

January Pawlkut thla
February Ramtuk thla
March Vau thla
April Tau thla
May Tomir thla
June Nikir thla
July Vawkhniak zawnthla
August Thitin/Thlazing
October Khuangchawi thla
November Sahmul phah thla
December Pawltlak thla

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1. India, Burmna leh Bangladesh-a Mizo Chanchin — B.Lalthangliana
2. Mizo chanchin — Liangkhaia
3. Mizo Narratives : Acounts From Mizoram — Malsawmdawngliana et al.
4. Negotiating the past : Memory, history and culture of Mizo — Malsawmdawngliana
5. Pipute leh an thlahte chanchin — K.Zawla

Mizo kan ni 1&2 — H.Thangluaia

A brief History and Culture of Mizo — B.Lalthangliana
Pi pute leh an thlah te chanchin — K.Zawla
Mizo hnahthlak thawnthu — RL Thanmawia
History of Mizo in Burma — B.Lalthangliana
Mizo chanchin — zatluanga
Lusei te leh an vela hnam dangte —Vanchhunga
Mizo History —VL Siama
Mizo Literature — Mizoram University
Zo History — Dr. Vumson
The Lushai Kuki Clans — J.Shakespeare
Mizoram : History and Cultural Identity — Lalrimawia
Mizo Society and Polity — C.Nunthara
A Monograph on Lushai Customs and Ceremonies : NE parry
A fly on the wheel — Th Lewin