DuggiA5] Lf 24 , IVERSITY SLISH LANGUAGE TE: @ | xcusittoxsrcmervmposes “SM SaSeAcETst PRY UT) HANOI DEPART! T MIDTERM TEST - TERM 1 TIME ALLOWANCE: 60 MINUTES INCLUDING THE TRANSFER TIME, Ho va tén thi sinh (Candidate Name): sooo Chit ky (Signature): y sinh (Date of birth): $6 BD (Candidate Number): tinh (Gender): PART 1: ACADEMIC READING (S0pts) — A. VOCABULARY (20 pts) Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form ofa word from the box. Write the correct form of the WORD in boxes 1-10 on your answer sheet. ONE word is extra a : sustainable promise feature resource show up relevance significance accomplish determine estimate attract The first part of the plan has been safely [204 country’s ___~are not only its natural ones - such as land and oil - but also its people, such as skilled workers and great thinkers. mae 3. The company is looking to hire young college graduates from a variety of disciplines. 4. The field of computer technology changes so fast that information from ten years ago is no longer 5. The mayor's plan for the city has several important » such as repairing roads and public buildings as well as adding more parks. : ‘6. Many people were __to the leader's words. They liked his promises for change and hope for the future. £ 7. The drug has had no effect on stopping the spread of the disease. 8. Irresponsible planning and environmental degradation through exploitation of resources are __ practices 9. [tis ~ that the project will last four years. 10. The speaker was prepared to give his speech, but no one __ to hear him. B. READING (30 pts) Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions below. Write the correct answers on your answer sheet. The Future of English A. The world’s language system is at a crossroads and a new linguistic order is about to emerge. That is the conclusion of a recent study authored by David Graddol, a researcher on the future of language. Graddol argues that the transformation is partly due to demographics. The world’s population rose rapidly during the second half of the twentieth century, but much of this major increase took place in developing countries This had led to a relative decline in the use of English as a first language. Page 1Be In the mid-twentieth century, nine percent of the world’s population was estimated to have spoken English as a first language. By 2050, the number is expected to be just five percent. English is still ranked as the language with the third largest number of native speakers, but Arabic and Hindu ~ currently lagging considerably behind English in fourth and fifth places, respectively — are expected to catch up by around 2050. Even so, these are not the fastest growing languages; the most rapidly growing language groups are Bengali (spoken in Bangladesh and India), Tamil (spoken in Sri Lanka and India), and Malay (spoken in parts of Southeast Asia). C. Instead of one language acting as a “world language”, it seems likely that no one language will dominate in the near future. Linguists expect that English will continue to be important, but Mandarin Chinese will probably be the next must-learn language, especially in Asia. As a result of these trends, “the status of English as a global language may peak soon,” says David Graddol. English for Science D. However, just as the relative number of native speakers of English is decreasing, a separate study shows that English is expanding its dominance in the world of science. The dominance of one language in the area of science allows for greater international collaboration and research, making it possible to publish scientific articles to broader audiences. E. Science writer Scott Montgomery, author of The Chicago Guide 1o Communicating Science, describes how science is creating new words and expressions in English. “Because of its scale and dynamism, science has become the most active and dynamic creator of new language in the world today. And most of this creation is occurring in English, the lingua franca of scientific effort,” Montgomery says. He believes that in the future, English will almost certainly continue to expand its role in science, especially in intemational settings. More than 90 percent of journal literature in some scientific fields is already published in English. “More and more scientists who are non-native speakers of English will need to become multilingual,” Montgomery says. Rise of Mi F. David Graddol notes that in many parts of the world, English is regarded as a basic skill, like computer competence, which children learn at an early age so they can study other subjects in English. The predominance of English in science will result in new generations of speakers of other languages who acquire English to exchange ideas and discoveries with scientists in other countries, In addition, international businesses are increasingly looking for multilingual employees. Businesses whose employees speak only one language will find themselves at a disadvantage, Graddol says. As China plays an increasingly prominent global role, employers in parts of Asia are already looking beyond English to Mandarin as the most important language to facilitate the global exchange of goods and services. ilingualism G. History has shown that it is possible for dominant languages to die. Latin, for example, dominated in Europe until the end of the 1600s, when English emerged. Linguists anticipate that in the future, most People will speak more than one language. Furthermore, it’s likely that speakers will switch between languages for routine tasks. Monolingual speakers may have a difficult time participating fully in a ‘multilingual society. Some monolingual speakers, especially native English speakers, according to Graddol, “have been too complacent about [...] the lack of need to learn other languages. Official Languages H. Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), English, French, Russian, and Spanish are the six official languages of the United Nations. They are used in meetings, and all official UN documents are written and translated into each language. The six languages are official languages in more than half (100) of the countries in the world. They constitute the first or second language of 2.8 billion people on the planet, about 40 percent of the world’s population. ions 11-15: Complete the sentences each paragraph. WORDS from the PASSAGE to express the main idea of 11. Paragraph A: Population changes are having an important effect on 12, Paragraph C: It’s unlikely that one language will _ in the future. Page 213, Paragraph D: The use of English is growing in _ 14, Paragraph F: English will remain an important language for science, but several languages will be important for z 15, Paragraph G: More people will be a __ in the future. Questions 16-20: Answer the questiot 16, Where did the world’s population increase the most in the second half of the twentieth century? 17. What are three of the fastest growing languages? 18. Why is the dominance of one language useful in science? 19, How much scientific literature is already published in English? 20. Why will English for science expand? PART 2: INTENSIVE READING (50pts) Examining the African Hunting Debate A When a famous Zimbabwean lion was hunted and killed by a foreign tourist, people on social media were furious. This resulted in an airline ban of the transportation of trophies killed by tourists and people repeatedly asking travellers to avoid countries that allow this kind of trophy hunting. Trophy hunting describes legal hunting where people pay to do it. It is permitted in countries including Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. While many people are disgusted by this, what they don’t often realise is that stopping this kind of hunting might actually do more harm than good. B Let's look at Namibia for example. The local Minister of Environment and Tourism, Pohamba Shifeta, said that if airlines stopped transporting wildlife trophies, this would prevent the Namibians from protecting wildlife in their country. This is because the money that people pay to trophy hunt is used to stop illegal hunting, which is a much bigger problem than legal hunting. This suggests that trophy hunting can have a positive impact on the protection of wildlife, in theory at least. C Namibia is often described as trophy hunting’s biggest success story. It is indeed true that hunting played an mportant role in increasing the number of wild animals after wars in the 1970s and 80s negatively affected herd sizes. Today there are still eighty animal protection organisations in Namibia that rely completely on money from legal hunting. As Namibian journalist John Grobler says, farmers look after their animals better if they sell them to hunters. Namibia is currently experiencing a lack of rain which means some farmers may not have enough food for their animals. If they can’t eam money from their animals because hunting is stopped, farmers may decide to let them die. If hunting is stopped altogether, farmers will let the whole herd die. D In Botswana, hunting large animals is now illegal for everyone and they have not suffered from the problems that John Grobler suggests above. However, there is a big difference between Botswana and Namibia - in Page 3Botswana there are no fences between people’s land, which means animals are able to move around freely. If farmers stop feeding them, they just go somewhere else to find food. In Namibia there are fences so the same thing will not happen there. Botswana's ban on hunting is not without its problems, however. Large, wild animals are regularly killed when human life, food crops or farm animals are put in danger. In fact, this kind of animal death is considered to be a bigger killer than controlled hunting. E Interestingly, in a recent article, Botswanan villagers said they would protect local wildlife better if they could earn money from it through hunting. However, this opinion goes against the results of a large study carried out by Economists at Large. They concluded that in nine African countries that allow trophy hunting, the ‘sport’ accounted for just 1.8 percent of total tourism revenue, while, more importantly, only 3 percent of the money actually reached the communities where hunting occurs. F So what does all of this tell us? It tells us that whatever we might think about the hunters, hunting can have a Positive effect - both for wildlife and for African people - when and where it is properly and ethically managed However, too often the opposite occurs and the industry suffers from bad management and bad ethics. It also tells us that trophy hunting is far more complex than both those who love it and those who hate it often realise. So while the hunting industry might need some serious changes, it’s perhaps not time to stop it completely when African wildlife organisations have no other way of making money. It is interesting to look at Zambia in this regard. Before hunting was stopped in 2013, 60 percent of the Zambian Wildlife Authority's (ZAWA) revenue came from legal hunting. Today, ZAWA has very little money and has had to receive some from the Zambian government more than once. G So what can we do? Apart from supporting A frica’s national parks and wildlife areas as photographie tourists, there are no easy answers or quick solutions. But if we first try to understand the issue, it is a step in the right direction. And while this situation mightmake us angry, remember that shouting at our computer doesn’t really help anyone. Questions 1-6 The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below. List of Headings |i | Motivation to take care of animals Different agricultural styles lead to different outcomes iii | Trying to make a living Viv | Start by learning about the problem ¥_ | Using hunting to stop a worse crime vi | The system is not perfect but can be beneficial Legal hunting has little financial benefit I reactions may have negative consequences ix | Travelling to Africa by plane Page 4Example: Paragraph G iv . Paragraph A i Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paragraph E Paragraph F elas HIT Questions 7-10 Answer the questions. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer, 7. What do trophy hunters provide that helps prevent the unlawful killing of animals? 8. What greatly reduced wild animal numbers in the past in Namibia? 9. What percentage of total tourism revenue does trophy hunting account for in nine African countries allowing the sport? 10. What stop animals in Namibia from moving from place to place? Page 5