Lecture In Purposive Communication

What are verbs?

 “action words”
 “without verbs, the world is static”
 A verb can be a sentence itself.
 Verbs almost always come after a noun or pronoun.

Types of Verbs

1. DYNAMIC (ACTION) VERBS

 something external that can be seen or heard.
 “denotes physical action that is either transitive or intransitive ”
 Examples: run, swim, fly, walk, and talk.

Transitive Verbs

 express doable activities related to or affect someone or something else that are generally direct
objects.
 Examples:
o “Our cat caught a mouse.”
o “Jenny wore her favorite dress.”

Intransitive Verbs

 also express doable activities but there is no direct object following them.
 Examples:
o “They laughed uncontrollably.”
o “She speaks fast.”
2. STATIVE (STATE-OF-BEING) VERBS
 “opposite of dynamic verbs”
 “not normally used in a continuous way”
 Examples:
o “She is beautiful.”
o “I am in love.”
o “The cake tastes so sweet.”
 Yet, some verbs can act as stative or dynamic depending on the context.
 have, be, look, see, think, taste, etc.
 Examples:
o “I have a crush on Luke.”(Stative)
o “I am having a great time.”(Dynamic)

3. AUXILIARY VERBS
 also known as helping verbs and are used together with a main verb to show the verb’s tense or
form a question or negative.
 Examples:
o “I am having a great time.”
o “You are doing great.”
4. LINKING VERBS
 They do not show action. Instead, they connect the subject to other parts of the sentence.
 Example:
o “Kaith is extremely happy.”
o “Bright and Win are in a relationship.”
 It is noteworthy that same auxiliary verbs can also be used as linking verbs.
 “is, are, am, etc.”
 Examples:
 o ‘’Christine is a good singer.”(Linking)
o “Christine is practicing for the singing contest.”(Auxiliary)

Simple Present Tense

 We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens
regularly
 “+is or base form”
 Examples:
o “I feel great.”
o “Carl loves cookies.”
o “The sun sets in the west.”

Simple Past Tense

 we use the simple past tense to talk about things that happened or existed before now.
 “+ed/d or irregular”
 Examples:
o “I felt great.”
o “Carl loved cookies.”
o “The sun set in the west.”

Simple Future Tense

 We use the simple future tense to talk about things that haven’t happened yet.
 “about to/will, shall + base form”
 Examples:
o “I will feel great.”
o “Carl shall love cookies.”
o “The sun is about to set in the west.”

Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement

1. A singular subject requires a singular verb while a plural subject requires a plural verb.

Examples:

o “Remiel dreams of the car.”

o “The girls walk slowly.”

Try:

o “Ivan (talk/talks) fast.” Answer: talks

2. Subjects connected by “and” usually take the plural verb.

Examples:

o “Joshua and Ronnie dream of the car.”

o “My wife and friend is/are coming.”
Try:

o “My bread and butter (is/are) teaching.” Answer: is

3. Compound subject preceded by “each” and “every” takes the singular verb.
Examples:
o “Every boy and girl is requested to attend.”
Try:
o “Each dog and cat (need/needs) care.” Answer: needs
4. Indefinite pronouns with “body” and “one” takes the singular verb.
 Examples:
o “No one wants to comply.”
o “Everyone listens.”
Try:
o “Everybody (sing/sings).” Answer: sings
5. Compound subjects connected by a correlative conjunction, follows the subject nearest to the
verb.
Examples:
o “Either Kiane and Angel leaves.”
o “Not only Gladys but also her friends fail.”
Try:
o “Neither Zhelle nor Lyn (pass/passes) the assignment.” Answer: passes

6. Intervening words will not in any way affect the verb.

Examples:
o “Venus together with her friends goes to the club.”
Try:
o “My friends as well as my enemy (cry/cries).” Answer: cry

7. Mass, collective, and abstract nouns generally take the singular verb.
Examples:
o “Clean water is scarce nowadays.”
o “The choir sings well.”
Try:
o “Affection (make/makes) people stay alive.” Answer: makes

8. Fractions refer to the “of phrase” in order to identify the verb.

Examples:
o “More than one-half of the pie is mine.”
Try:
o “One-half of the cakes (is/are) yours.” Answer: are

9. Units of measurement, time, distance, and the like take the singular verb.
Examples:
o “Seven pounds is necessary for the weigh in.”
Try:
o “Five thousand pesos (is/are) all I need.” Answer: is
10. “Here” and “There” are not subjects.
Examples:
o “Here is your wallet.”
o “There is Ericka’s car.”
Try:
o “There (is/are) the tables and chairs.” Answer: are

Kinds of Verb

Regular

 we don’t change spelling and add ”d” or “ed”

Irregular

 change their spelling

Special Irregular Verb

 no change in spelling
 ex. cut-cut, set-set

Linking Verbs-joined

Habitual Verb - verb in the present tense used to indicate an action that occurs regularly or
repeatedly.

-has, have, had

Chose-chosen

Do – present/plural

Does - present/singular

Did – Past

Verb-base form

ex. Did John (eat/eats) his food?

Formula:

Subject Verb
Singula -s +s
r
Plural +s -s
Example:

Did John (eat/eats) his food? Answer: eats, John – Singular

Did John and Ana eat/eats (his, their) food? Answer: eat-the subject is plural John and Ana and their
pronoun is singular.

Tenses of Verbs

1. Present Tense
a. if the sentence express permanent action. (Permanent Action- we cannot change)
example:
o The sun rise/rises to the east. Answer: rises
o The sun set/sets in west. Answer: sets
b. Habitual Action
example:
He goes to church every Sunday.
c. Ongoing action – linking verb and add “ing”
example:
The students are studying in the library.
2. Past Tense
- add “d” or “ed”
- irregular – change in spelling
3. Future Tense – Will/Shall,+ simple form

November 9 – Review for midterms (asynchronous)

November 16 – Next Meeting Discussion of Nouns and Subject Verb Agreement
November 18 – Midterm Exam (Communication, Reading, Punctuation, Part of Speech)