Iv. International Applied Social Sciences Congress (C-Iasos)

IV.
INTERNATIONAL
APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES CONGRESS (C-IASOS)
2020 i
WWW.IASOSCONGRESS.COM
IV. International Applied Social Sciences Congress
22nd-24th October 2020
IV. INTERNATIONAL
APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES CONGRESS (C-IASOS)
PROCEEDING BOOK
“Applicable Knowledge for a Sustaniable Future”
EDITORS
Prof. Dr. Simon GRIMA Assoc. Prof.Dr. Ercan ÖZEN
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan BOZ PhD. Esat SAÇKES
iasoscongress.org
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and the accuracy of all references information, and for obtaining and submitting
permission from the author and publisher of any previously published material included in
this publication. The Publisher and Editors cannot be held responsible for errors or any
consequences arising from the use of information contained in this this publication.
İZMİR KAVRAM VOCATONAL SCHOOL

Address: OĞUZLAR MAH. 1251/2 SOK. NO:8 35230 KONAK/İZMİR
ISBN: 978-625-44354-0-9
International Applied Social Sciences Congress. All Rights Reserved.
25.10.2020
Copyright © 2020
CONGRESS ID
Name of Congress
International Applied Social Sciences Congress
Type of Participation
Davetli ve Çağrılı / Keynote and Invited
Date and Place
22-23-24 October 2020 Turkey
ii
Co Chairs Honorary Boards of Congress

Doç.Dr. Ercan ÖZEN Uşak
Prof. Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ Bahçeşehir U.
U.
Doç. Dr. Hakan BOZ Uşak
Prof. Dr. Derman KÜÇÜKALTAN İzmir Kavram MYO
U.
Executive Committee
Dr. Mirela CRISTEA Universitatea din Craiova
Dr. Maia Diakonidze AKAKI Tsereteli State University
Dr. Hab Grațiela Georgiana NOJA West University of
Öğr.Gör. Dr. Esat SAÇKES Timisoara
Balıkesir U.
Dr. Simon GRIMA University of Malta
Dr. Bogdan PATRUT University of Iasi
Dr. Elvan KESER Aydın Adnan Menderes U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Özer YILMAZ Bandırma Onyedi Eylül U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Aytuğ ARSLAN İzmir Katip Çelebi U.
Öğr. Gör. Aykut AKSU İzmir Kavram MYO
Öğr. Gör. Burçin BOZ Bilecik Şeyh Edebali U.
Scientific Advisory Committee
Prof.Dr. Ali DERAN Tarsus U. Prof.Dr. Melih ERDOĞAN Anadolu U.

Prof.Dr. Atila YÜKSEL Adnan Menderes U. Prof.Dr. Muammer Zerenler Selçuk U.
Prof.Dr. Atilla AKBABA İzmir Katip Çelebi U. Prof.Dr. Murat ÖNTUĞ Uşak U.
Prof.Dr. Belkıs ÖZKARA Afyon Kocatepe U. Prof.Dr. Mustafa TEPECİ Celal Bayar U.
Prof.Dr. C. Coşkun İzmir Ekonomi U. Prof.Dr. Mustafa GÜLMEZ Akdeniz U.
KÜÇÜKÖZMEN
Prof.Dr. Cevdet AVCIKURT Balıkesir U. Prof.Dr. Ruziye COP Abant İzzet Baysal U.
Prof.Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ Bandırma Onyedi Eylül U. Prof.Dr. Selçuk AKÇAY Afyon Kocatepe U.
Prof.Dr. Halim SÖZBİLİR Afyon Kocatepe U. Prof.Dr. Semra Aytuğ Dokuz Eylül U.
Prof.Dr. Hasan AKBULUT İstanbul U. Prof.Dr. Sima NART Sakarya U.
Prof.Dr. Kâmil TÜĞEN Dokuz Eylül U. Prof.Dr. Süleyman YÜKÇÜ Dokuz Eylül Universitesi
Prof.Dr. Kemalettin CONKAR Afyon Kocatepe U. Prof.Dr. Tuğrul KANDEMİR Afyon Kocatepe U.
Prof.Dr. Kenan AYDIN Yıldız Teknik U. Prof.Dr. Veysel KULA Afyon Kocatepe U.
Prof.Dr. Kerim BANAR Anadolu U. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Agim Mamuti Mother Teresa University
Prof.Dr. M. Başaran ÖZTÜRK Niğde Ömer Halis Demir U. Prof.Dr. Mehmet ERYİĞİT Abant İzzet Baysal U.
Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Yaqoob Al-BUSADİ Sultan Qaboos University, Umman Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Atıl TAŞER Bilecik Şeyh Edebali U.
(Oman)
Prof. Dr. Şuayip ÖZDEMİR Afyon Kocatepe U. Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ahmet COŞKUN Uşak U.
Prof. Dr. Simone Domenico University of Torino, Italy Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Abdullah TEKBAŞ Anayasa Mahkemesi
SCAGNELLI
Prof. Dr. Senay YÜRÜR Yalova U. Dr. Mirela CRISTEA Universitatea din Craiova, Romania
iii
Prof. Dr. Seçkin GÖNEN Dokuz Eylül U. Dr. Menno Both Saxion University of Applied Sciences ,
Netherlands
Prof. Dr. Savaş ARSLAN Bahçeşehir U. Dr. Mehmet Ali KÖSEOĞLU The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
Hong Kong
Prof. Dr. Patrizia ZAGNOLI University of Florence - Italy Dr. Maia Diakonidze Akaki Tsereteli State University, Georgia
Prof. Dr. Murat DOĞDUBAY Balıkesir U. Dr. Eihab FATHELRAHMAN United Arab Emirates University, BAE
Prof. Dr. Metin COŞKUN Anadolu U. Dr. Edgardo SICA University of Foggia, Italy
Prof. Dr. Ivan HANAFI University of Negeri Jakarta -Endonezya Dr. Bogdan PATRUT Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi,
Romania
Prof. Dr. Inna Romānova University of Latvia, Latvia Doç. Dr. Volkan ALTINTAŞ Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi
Prof. Dr. Funda Rana ADAÇAY Anadolu U. Doç. Dr. Utku KÖSE Süleyman Demirel U.
Prof. Dr. Ferudun KAYA Abant İzzet Baysal U. Doç. Dr. Ufuk SELEN Uludağ U.
Prof. Dr. Erhan DEMİRELİ Dokuz Eylül U. Doç. Dr. Tolga TORUN Bilecik Şeyh Edebali U.
Prof. Dr. Ekrem TUFAN Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart U. Doç. Dr. Şenol BABUŞÇU Başkent U.
Prof. Dr. Duygu KIZILDAĞ İzmir Demokrasi U. Doç. Dr. Sertaç GÜNGÖR Selçuk U.
Prof. Dr. Daniela BAGLIERI University of Messina, Italy Doç. Dr. Serkan ÖZDEMİR Pamukkale U.
Prof. Dr. Çağatan TAŞKIN Uludağ U. Doç. Dr. Özer YILMAZ Bandırma Onyedi Eylül U.
Prof. Dr. Cantürk KAYAHAN Afyon Kocatepe U. Doç. Dr. Onur GÖZBAŞI Nuh Naci Yazgan U.
Prof. Dr. Cafer TOPALOĞLU Muğla Sıtkı Koçman U. Doç. Dr. Nezih TAYYAR Uşak U.
Prof. Dr. Beate SWIECKA Szczecin University, Poland Doç. Dr. Müberra ÇELEBİ Abant İzzet Baysal U.
Prof. Dr. Adalet HAZAR Başkent U. Doç. Dr. Mustafa SOBA Uşak U.
Emir ÇETİNKAYA Ege Finans Derneği Doç. Dr. Murat SEZGİN Uşak U.
Dr. Tomoko OIKAWA Limerick Üniversitesi, Ireland Doç. Dr. Mehmet Hilmi ÖZKAYA Uşak U.
Dr. Simon GRIMA University of Malta Doç. Dr. İlhan KÜÇÜKKAPLAN Pamukkale U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Serap VURUR Afyon Kocatepe U. Doç. Dr. İncilay ERDURU Uşak U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Selim Dokuz Eylül U. Doç. Dr. Hüseyin YILMAZ Adnan Menderes U.
ŞANLISOY
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi S. Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Fulya AKYILDIZ Uşak U.
ÖZAFŞARLIOĞLU
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ozan ÖRMECİ Beykent U. Doç. Dr. Ersan ERSOY Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Neşe KAFA Adıyaman U. Doç. Dr. Emrah ÖZKUL Kocaeli U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Necla KUDUZ Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Dilşad ÇOKNAZ Abant İzzet Baysal U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Murat GÜNDÜZ Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Çağatay BAŞARIR Bandırma Onyedi Eylül U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mesut Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Birol ERKAN Uşak U.
ATASEVER
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Meral GÜNDÜZ Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Bayram ŞAHİN Balıkesir U.
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mehtap Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Ayşegül T. ALTINAY Uşak U.
KARAKOÇ
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mehmet Z. Uşak U. Doç. Dr. Aysel GÜNDOĞDU İstanbul Medipol U.
ÇÖĞENLİ
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Letife Afyon Kocatepe U. Doç. Dr. Adnan SEVİM Anadolu U.
ÖZDEMİR
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İsmail Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sanela ŠADIC University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and
Uşak U.
AYDEMİR Herzegovina
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İbrahim Murat Balıkesir U. Assoc. Prof. Dr. R. Sabir qızı Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
BİCİL ABDULLYEVA
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Gönül İpek Dokuz Eylül U. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erdoğan EKİZ King Abdulaziz University
ALKAN
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Gonca DİLER Afyon Kocatepe U. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Edyta Lodz University of Technology, Poland
MARCINKIEWICZ
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Eser YEŞİLDAĞ Uşak U. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Agim Mamuti Mother Teresa University, Macedonia
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Erdoğan KOTİL Abant İzzet Baysal U. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Agim MAMUTI University of New York in Tirana
(UNYT),Albania
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Büşra Gümüşhane U. Assoc. Prof. Dr Frank BEZZINA University of Malta
TOSUNOĞLU
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Ayben KOY İstanbul Ticaret U. Assist. Prof. Dr. Emin Yürekli Kirghizistan-Turkey Manas University-
Kirghizistan
Ascoc. Prof. Dr. I. Thonse Kingdom University, Bahrain
HAWALDAR
iv
Session Chairs
Prof. Dr. Mirela CRISTEA Craiova U.

Prof. Dr. Atila YUKSEL Adnan Menderes U.
PhD. Özlem KOÇTAŞ ÇOTUR İzmir Kavram MYO
Prof. Dr. Maria Dolores ALVAREZ Boğaziçi U.
PhD. Maia DIAKONIDZE Gürcistan
Prof. Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ BAUN
PhD. Feridun DUMAN Batman U.
PhD. Hakan SEZEREL Anadolu U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Berrin GÜZEL Adnan Menderes U.
PhD. Erkan DURMAZGEZER İzmir Kavram MYO
PhD. Neslihan PAKER İzmir Kavram MYO
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Sezer BOZKUŞ KAHYAOĞLU Bakırçay U.
Prof. Dr. Cantürk KAYAHAN Afyon Kocatepe U.
Prof. Beata SWIECKA Polonya
Prof. Dr. Coşkun KÜÇÜKÖZMEN İzmir Ekonomi U.
PhD. Elvan KESER Adnan Menderes U.
PhD. Fatma BAŞOĞLU KABRAN İzmir Kavram MYO
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aytuğ ARSLAN İzmir Katip Çelebi U.
PhD. Ender BAYKUT Afyon Kocatepe U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin YILDIRIM Balıkesir U.
Prof. Dr. Çağatan TAŞKIN Uludağ U.
Prof. Dr. Turhan KORKMAZ Mersin U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Emrah ÖZKUL Kocaeli U.
Prof. Dr. Abdullah Tanrısevdi Onyedi Eylül U.
Prof. Dr. Sima NART Sakarya U.
PhD. İbrahim Murat BİCİL Balıkesir U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Çağatay BAŞARIR Onyedi Eylül U.
Prof. Dr. Ruziye COP Bolu A.İ.Baysal U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adnan SEVİM Anadolu U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr.Bilsen BİLGİLİ Kocaeli U.
Prof. Dr. Remzi ALTUNIŞIK Sakarya U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işın DİRDARLAR Niğde Üni.
Prof. Dr. Adalet HAZAR Başkent U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sinan AYTEKİN Balıkesir U.
Phd. Esat SAÇKES Balıkesir U.
Prof. Dr. Derman KÜÇÜKALTAN İzmir Kavram MYO
Prof. Dr. Süleyman YÜKÇÜ Dokuzeylül U.
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aziz BOSTAN Adnan Menderes U.
Assoc.Prof. Dr. Ersan ERSOY Hacıbektaş Veli U.
Prof. Dr. Ferudun KAYA Bolu A.İ.Baysal U.
v
Preface
Coupled with the fast pace of population growth, the fierce exploitation of world resources to the
extent of depletion, and the contamination of water, air, and land culminate in major irrevocable
problems for all the dwellers of the Earth, including us, the human beings. Among these irrevocable
problems, though not yet at a level of colossal devastation, we have already begun to feel some of the
impacts of global warming. With this urgency of action mind, the theme of the 4th International
Applied Social Sciences Congress was “Applicable Knowlegde for A Sustainable Future”.
The conference was held between 22nd and 24th October, 2020, virtually due to the Covid-19
pandemic, with the partnerships of academics from Malta University, İzmir Kavram Vocational
School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, (Faculty of Tourism), and Balıkesir University.
With the ever increasing internationalisation of the conference, the international participation in this
congress reached its peak over the four consecutive years. There were 70 scientists from 20 different
countries on the scientific board of the 4th C-IASOS Congress. Over 70 papers were presented by
academics participating from 30 different countries in five continents. There were participants from as
far places as Australia, Ecuador, South Africa, Pakistan and Mexico, and also from neighbouring
countries, such as, Greece, Serbia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan.
Following the opening speech by the Honorary President, the keynote speeches were delivered by
Prof. Dr. Frank Bezzina and Prof. Dr. Vincent Cassar from the University of Malta (Evidence-Based
Management: Old Wine in New Bottles or a Breath of Fresh Air) and Associate Professor Paniel
Osberto Reyes Cárdenas (Inquiry Conceived as a Goal-directed Activity Led by Questioning and
Sensitivity to Context). Following the opening ceremony on the first day, the conference sessions were
held on two consecutive days on Friday and Saturday. During the evenings virtual events, in the form
of art exhibitions, workshops, philosophy and literature discussions and colloquiums were also held.
We would like to thanks to all the stakeholders who have made this congress successful. We hope to
see you all in the next year’s conference, hopefully not virtually, but in person.
Chairs of Congress Honorary Boards of Congress
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ercan ÖZEN Prof. Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan BOZ Prof. Dr. Derman KÜÇÜKALTAN
vi
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ix
x
Table of Contents
Evidence-Based Management: Old Wine in New Bottles or a Breath of Fresh Air? ...................... 1
Inquiry conceived as a Goal-directed activity led by questioning and sensitivity to context ......... 7
Human Resources as One of the Key Factor of Rural Tourism Development .............................. 11
Ceramic Art Of The Late Bronze Age In Nakhchivan .................................................................... 14
Leading Factors of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development: Case of Georgia........................... 15
Methodological Features of the Calculation of Macroeconomic Indicators at the Regional Level
............................................................................................................................................................... 18
New insights and empirical evidence on the relationship between government spending and good
public governance ................................................................................................................................ 23
Tackling the European ageing challenges: An economic perspective............................................. 24
Georgian Language as One of the Touristic Attractions ................................................................. 25
Language Barrier in Tourism - an Obstacle or Adventure?: Case of Georgia ............................. 30
Evaluation of Supports for Increasing Financial Literacy of Deaf People..................................... 33
Economic growth, a retrospective over time ..................................................................................... 34
The Lifestyle change effect on the inner space design attributes in Palestinian Houses ............... 35
Effects of Reciprocity on Knowledge Sharing Behaviour: The Mediating Role of Organizational
Commitment ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Implications of the employment of young people in Romania on sustainable development ........ 82
Becoming an organic wine drinker. A grounded theory study" Atouso Gzelhbesh* .................. 83
Household expenditure on pets´s physical needs: Guayaquil-Ecuador .......................................... 84
Community-Based tourist willingness to pay: the case of Santay Island (Ecuador) ..................... 85
Competitiveness in tourism – models of tourism competitiveness and their applicability ........... 86
Integration Model of a Digital Proactive Government for the Social Identification of Kazakhstan
Citizens ................................................................................................................................................. 87
Leisure activities and life enjoyment among senior consumers: Longitudinal examination of the
role of psychological well-being and cognitive functioning ............................................................. 88
Does rational and efficient management policies of non performing loans have positively
influenced the increase of lending volume to the real sector of the economy? Case study: Kosovo
(2005 - 2018) ......................................................................................................................................... 89
Why Consumers Choose Organic Wine: The Perseption Of Producers And Retailers ............... 90
Effect of Mandatory Participation on Turkish Private Pension Insurance System ...................... 91
Improvement Directions Of The Monetary Policy Of The National Bank Of The Republic Of
Moldova With The Purpose Of Development Of The National Economy .................................... 92
State debt management and its impact on country performance Case study: Kosovo (2017 -
2019).................................................................................................................................................... 109
Escaping greed and fear by governance: to remedy or to prevent? ............................................. 110
Multiculturality And Its Impact On Cultural Tourism - Case Study Zrenjanin Municipality . 111
xi
Import Dependency of Pakistan and Turkey .................................................................................. 122

The relathionship between FDI and fiscal system in Romania ..................................................... 123
Financing of state preuniversitary educational institutions in Romania ..................................... 124
The influence of environmental taxes on sustainable development in Romania ......................... 142
Empirical Link Between FDI And Technology Transfer .............................................................. 143
Theoretical Foundations of Population Migration ......................................................................... 144
The measurement of the level of government regulation in the social security system .............. 145
The Role Of Computers In Higher Education ................................................................................ 147
Measuring Geopolitical Risk ............................................................................................................ 151
Regional regeneration with cooperative (movement) for sustainable development: Governance,
and social capital or cooperative (movement)? in Ireland, Japan and Turkey ........................... 152
Migrants and the reason for their migration from the Middle East ............................................. 153
The relationship analysis between investments in innovation and macroeconomic performance
............................................................................................................................................................. 154
Correlation Between Corporate Governance Characteristics And Financial Performance Of The
Companies .......................................................................................................................................... 155
Assessing the risk of companies going bankrupt using the economic and financial indicators . 156
The Effects Of Highly-Educated Immigrants On Innovation Activity In Three European
Countries ............................................................................................................................................ 157
The Impact Of Financial Performances – Risks Of Companies Listed On The Stock Exchange
Bucharest............................................................................................................................................ 158
Motivational Process – Way To Enhance Organizations’ Performance ...................................... 159
Internet technologies to promote sustainable development goal 5-gender equality and female
empowerment..................................................................................................................................... 168
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Financial Inclusion: A Comparative Study of Western
Europe and Developing Asia ............................................................................................................ 169
The Measurement Of The Level Of Government Regulation In The Pension System ............... 170
Progress of Shooting Foreign Films and Series in Croatia and Serbia: From Humble Beginnings
to Tourism Promotion ....................................................................................................................... 172
CSR Reporting and ethics and in Slovenian banking system ........................................................ 181
Determining The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction, Dependence On Tips And Turnover
Intentions: The Case Of Hotel Employees ...................................................................................... 191
Safety Risk Factors: Do They Vary Depending on Hotel Category and Working Department?
............................................................................................................................................................. 192
Efficiency of Italian Serıe A Teams by Using Data Envelopment Analysis ................................. 202
Accounting and financial reporting during a pandemic ................................................................ 222
The impact of COVID-19 on the stock market volatility: Evidence from the South East Europe
region .................................................................................................................................................. 223
Rethinking urban planning in a post-COVID-19 Athens .............................................................. 224
Human behavior in relation to urban streets’ form: The case study of Athens, Greece ............ 225
xii
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Loan Default: An Empirical Analysis of BRICS

Countries ............................................................................................................................................ 226
Individualism – Collectivism Revisited: A viewpoint of the principles in East-Asian society....... 237
Multiple factorial influences of life satisfaction .............................................................................. 238
Failure of German transport policy in the case of Lufthansa: A critical economic approach ... 239
Experiences Of Former Socialist States In The Field Of Financial Decentralization ................. 247
Consumer payments in Poland. Results of survey ......................................................................... 248
Managing climate risk: a responsibility for politicians not Central Banks ................................. 251
Measuring financial inclusion and financial exclusion .................................................................. 252
The Effect of Internal Control System on the Activity Performance in Municipalities.............. 253
The Performance Of Pension Funds And Their Impact On Economic Growth In Oecd Countries
............................................................................................................................................................. 264
Contribution Of Urban Tourism In Development Of A Competitive Tourist Product On The
Example Of Novi Sad ........................................................................................................................ 265
Analysis Of The Current State Of Nautical Tourism In The Function Of Improving The Tourist
Offer Of The City Of Belgrade......................................................................................................... 278
Analysis of financial risk insurance-the case of Romania.............................................................. 293
A Study of contributing factors influencing Risk Perception and Its' address............................ 294
Factors determining the effectiveness of training in the financial industry: A study on a small
EU island state ................................................................................................................................... 295
Spatial changes in Athens of crisis: A Comparative Study of commercial activity in three
neighborhoods.................................................................................................................................... 296
The relationship between corporate social responsibility, corporate governance and financial
performance of the European companies........................................................................................ 297
Impact of the COVID-19 on Stock Returns: Evidence From Borsa Istanbul.............................. 298
The Relationship Between Organizational Identification And Motivation: A Sample Of Textile
Enterprise ........................................................................................................................................... 299
Asymmetric causality relationship between the stock market and the exchange rate in BRICS-T
............................................................................................................................................................. 310
Interaction of Finance Sector and Real Sector In Turkish Economy ........................................... 324
Sustainable Products and Marketing Communications: The Case of an Organic Farm on
Instagram ........................................................................................................................................... 332
Business Life Expectations of University Students: A Research on Generations Y & Z ........... 333
NETFLIX as a Daily Life Practice: An Evaluation on Fictionalization of Different Masculinities
............................................................................................................................................................. 342
Teachers 'Views On The Impacts Of Home Visits In Elementary Schools .................................. 344
Experience of relative poverty connected to usage of Instagram: Meaning of not having ......... 345
The Effects of Brand Value on Destination Trust and Destination Attachment: The Case of
Eskişehir ............................................................................................................................................. 346
Using Literary Assets for Destination Marketing: An Example on Hattat Ahmet Karahisari .. 360
xiii
The interaction between perceived risk, attitude, and intention to use: An empirical study on
Bitcoin as a crypto money ................................................................................................................. 361
Social Capital Facing Economic Competition: The Case of Antakya Long Bazaar ..................... 362
Gender Equality Index: The Case of Turkey Garanti Bank ......................................................... 363
Proposal an Index for Supply Security Risk in Imported Energy: The Case of Turkey ............ 364
The Effect of Traditional Performance Evaluation Ratios on the Market Value Added:
Application on Informatics Index (XBLSM) .................................................................................. 374
Travel motivations of Y and Z Generations.................................................................................... 375
Political Economy Of The Turkstream Gas Pipe Line In Consideration Of The Current
Developments ..................................................................................................................................... 376
The Role Of Emotional Satisfaction In Gift Giving Behavior: A Qualitative Research ............. 377
Slow Fashion and Consumers’ Behavioral Tendencies in the Scope of Sustainability ............... 379
Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Çalışmalarına Bir Alternatif : Entelektüel Şirket ....................... 392
Exploring The Internet Of Things Within The New Generation Smart Home Systems: A
Qualitative Study ............................................................................................................................... 394
Attitudes towards Mobile Learning in Secondary Education ....................................................... 406
Consumers’ healthcare service marketing delivery channel preferences and distinctive factor 407
Is anthroposophical approach possible in social work interventions? ......................................... 414
Do Investors Overreact to Firm Merger and Acquisition Decisions?: A Research on Borsa
Istanbul for Period 2007-2015 .......................................................................................................... 415
Pre-service Teachers' Approach to Environmental Problems through an Ecological Awareness
............................................................................................................................................................. 428
How much does being unique cost? ................................................................................................. 429
Suicide attempts among alcohol users: The effect of depression, anxiety, personality and
aggression. .......................................................................................................................................... 447
The Role of Leader and the Leaders Member Interaction in The Existence of Learning
Organizations ..................................................................................................................................... 448
Production Management Export Relationship: A Study on Olive Oil Statistics ......................... 449
Global Migraton and Turkey ........................................................................................................... 450
Intergenerational Knowledge Transfer in Family Firms: A Research in Afyonkarahisar
Province .............................................................................................................................................. 452
A Research Aimed At Measuring The Relationship Between Organizational Cynicism And
Organizational Commitment Health Sciences University Konya Training And Research
Hospital Application.......................................................................................................................... 459
The Effect of Popular Culture on Women's Consumption of Technological Products .............. 477
The Effect Of Religiosity On Hedonic Consumption And Wasteful Consumption Behavior .... 491
Towards a Better Understanding of Blockchain Based Government and Public Services......... 492
A Different correlation matrix for factor analysis in categorical data: Goodman-Kruskal
Lambda .............................................................................................................................................. 504
A qualitative research to evaluate health tourism potential in Muğla ......................................... 505
xiv
Investigating the Effect of Online Advertising and Consumer Anxiety on Attitude and
Behavioral Intention towards Advertising ...................................................................................... 514
Frankenstein and Humanness: Mary Shelley’s Debate on Science and Nature .......................... 515
Exploring The Relationships Between Perceived Justice And Service Recovery Outcomes ......... 524
Leveraged Buyout Regulations Within The Scope Of Turkish Commercial Law ...................... 525
Şirketlerin Döviz Kuru Risk Yönetim Becerilerinin Tespit Edilmesine Yönelik Tanımlayıcı Bir
Çalışma ............................................................................................................................................... 526
Determination of Consumers' Attitudes towards E-Commerce Sites According to Their Risk
Avoidance Level................................................................................................................................. 535
Analysis of User Attitude Toward Smart City Mobile Applications Through Technology
Acceptance Model.............................................................................................................................. 553
Social Work With Disadvantaged Groups During The Pandemic Period ................................... 554
Augmented Reality (AR) marketing as a remedy for economic recession in the Covid-19 era . 566
The Efficiency of Price Competition Power in Tourism Destination Competitiveness ............... 568
Analyzing The Buying Behavior in Baby Care Products through Theory of Reasoned Action 579
Airline passengers’ travel intention in the Covid-19 era ............................................................... 580
Determination Of Brand Love Dimensions In Automobile Brands And Examination Of These
Dimensions In Terms Of Demographic Characteristics Of Consumers ...................................... 591
Epistemology According to the Kalam of Ahl al-Sunnah .............................................................. 607
Scientific Studies And Sector Practices On Accommodation Enterprises About Corporate Social
Responsibility ..................................................................................................................................... 617
Investigation of Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Department Managers Working in Hotel
Enterprises According to Some Demographic Features ................................................................ 646
Investigating the Effects of Sensory Brand Experience and Employee Empathy on Brand Equity
in the Banking Industry .................................................................................................................... 647
The Relationship Of Cointegration Between Some Macroeconomic Factors And Shares Prices:
An Empiric Research With The Ardl Bound Testing Approach .................................................. 648
xv
Augmented Reality (AR) marketing as a remedy for

economic recession in the Covid-19 era
Deniz Altun1
Abstract
Introduction: Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology of superimposing real-world images and digital
content using the cameras of mobile devices or smart glasses such as Google Glass. This technology
has been used in many fields such as medicine, military, engineering, education and marketing for a
long time, but its importance in marketing has been understood more clearly during the Covid-19
pandemic conditions. So that, thanks to AR marketing applications, it is possible for consumers to
experience and interact with the products or services they are interested in without violating the
quarantine rules, without even leaving their homes, and without going to the stores physically.
Aim: The purpose of this research is to examine how the interest of consumers staying at home due to
quarantine to AR technology, an experiential marketing tool, has changed compared to the pre-
quarantine period, so to investigate and reveal whether the use of AR technology has increased due to
the pandemic.
Method: For this purpose, the relationship of AR technology, which is expected to reach a market size
of approximately 220 billion dollars in the Covid-19 period, with experiential marketing and the
projects of worldwide businesses that carry out AR marketing studies were examined by literature
review, and the results were presented comparatively.
Findings: Research findings indicate that AR marketing practices positively affect the purchasing
intendens and decision-making behavior of consumers. It is revealed that this effect on the consumer
can be explained by the dimensions of experiential marketing. The findings show that marketing
activities using AR technology can significantly improve the market conditions leading to economic
recession due to the pandemic.
It is understood that the study can contribute to the marketing literature.
Keywords— Covid-19, augmented reality, experiential marketing, AR marketing
JEL Classification Codes: M31, M37, M39
Covid-19 döneminde ekonomik durgunluğa bir çare olarak Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AR) ile
pazarlama
Özet
Giriş: Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AR), mobil cihazlar veya Google Glass gibi akıllı gözlüklerin kameraları
kullanılarak, gerçek dünya görüntüleri ile dijital içeriklerin üst üste bindirilmesi teknolojisidir. Bu
teknoloji uzun zamandır tıp, askeriye, mühendislik, eğitim ve pazarlama gibi birçok alanda
1
Dr.Öğr.Üy. Deniz Altun., Yeditepe Üniv., Uy. Bil. Yük., İns. Kay. Yön. Böl., Türkiye,
deniz_altun@hotmail.com
566
kullanılmakta olup Covid-19 pandemi koşulları devreye girdiğinde pazarlama alanındaki önemi çok
daha net anlaşılmıştır. Öyle ki AR pazarlama uygulamaları sayesinde, tüketicilerin karantina
kurallarını çiğnemeden, evlerinden bile çıkmadan, yani fiziksel olarak mağazalara gitmeden,
ilgilendiği ürün veya hizmetleri sanki yanındaymış gibi görerek ve etkileşime girerek, bunları sanal
olarak deneyimlemesi mümkün olmaktadır.
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, karantina sebebiyle evde kalan tüketicilerin deneyimsel pazarlama
aracı olan AR teknolojisine ilgisinin, karantina öncesi döneme kıyasla nasıl değiştiğini incelemek,
dolayısıyla pandemi sebebiyle AR teknolojisinin kullanımının artıp artmadığını araştırmak ve ortaya
koymaktır.
Yöntem: Bu amaçla, Covid-19 döneminde yaklaşık 220 milyar dolarlık bir piyasa büyüklüğüne
ulaşması öngörülen AR teknolojisinin deneyimsel pazarlama ile ilişkisi ve AR pazarlama çalışmaları
yürüten dünya çapındaki işletmelerin projeleri literatür taraması yapılarak incelenmiş, sonuçlar
karşılaştırmalı biçimde ortaya konmuştur.
Bulgular: Araştırma bulguları, AR pazarlama uygulamalarının tüketicilerin satın alma eğilimlerini ve

karar verme davranışlarını olumlu yönde etkilediğine işaret etmektedir. Tüketicideki bu etkinin,
deneyimsel pazarlamanın boyutları ile açıklanabildiği ortaya konulmaktadır. Bulgular, AR teknolojisi
ile yapılan pazarlama faaliyetlerinin, pandemi sebebiyle ekonomik durgunluğa doğru giden piyasa
şartlarını önemli biçimde iyileştirebileceğini göstermektedir.
Çalışmanın pazarlama literatürüne katkı sağlayabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler— Covid-19, artırılmış gerçeklik, deneyimsel pazarlama, AR pazarlama
JEL Classification Codes: M31, M37, M39
567

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IV.

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCES CONGRESS (C-IASOS)

“Applicable Knowledge for a Sustaniable Future”

Prof. Dr. Simon GRIMA Assoc. Prof.Dr. Ercan ÖZEN

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan BOZ PhD. Esat SAÇKES

İZMİR KAVRAM VOCATONAL SCHOOL

International Applied Social Sciences Congress. All Rights Reserved.

Co Chairs Honorary Boards of Congress

Scientific Advisory Committee

Prof.Dr. Ali DERAN Tarsus U. Prof.Dr. Melih ERDOĞAN Anadolu U.

Prof. Dr. Mirela CRISTEA Craiova U.

Chairs of Congress Honorary Boards of Congress

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ercan ÖZEN Prof. Dr. Erdoğan KOÇ

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hakan BOZ Prof. Dr. Derman KÜÇÜKALTAN

Import Dependency of Pakistan and Turkey .................................................................................. 122

Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Loan Default: An Empirical Analysis of BRICS

Augmented Reality (AR) marketing as a remedy for

It is understood that the study can contribute to the marketing literature.

Keywords— Covid-19, augmented reality, experiential marketing, AR marketing

JEL Classification Codes: M31, M37, M39

Bulgular: Araştırma bulguları, AR pazarlama uygulamalarının tüketicilerin satın alma eğilimlerini ve

Çalışmanın pazarlama literatürüne katkı sağlayabileceği anlaşılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler— Covid-19, artırılmış gerçeklik, deneyimsel pazarlama, AR pazarlama

JEL Classification Codes: M31, M37, M39

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