WORKSHOP 2A

As a team, complete the following tables and upload it to the Moodle.

Class Characteristics
• Obtained directly from natural resources
• Well defined molecules and mixtures of molecules
Basic • They are not sold directly to the consumer
• Sold on specifications – What they are
• Obtained from basic chemicals
• Their purity depends on the grade
Industrial
• They are not sold directly to the consumer
• Sold on specifications – What they are
• Obtained from basic and intermediate chemicals
• Usually corresponds to formulations
Configured • They are sold directly to the consumer usually outside the
chemical industry
• Sold on performance – What they can do

Adapted from: Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR, Widagdo, Product and Process Design Principles, Third
edition, Jhon Wiley & Sons, USA, 2009. 1
 WORKSHOP 2A
As a team, complete the following tables and upload it to the Moodle.

Class Characteristics
• Obtained directly from natural resources
• Well defined molecules and mixtures of molecules
Basic • They are not sold directly to the consumer
• Sold on specifications – What they are
• Obtained from basic chemicals
• Their purity depends on the grade
Intermediate • They are not sold directly to the consumer
• Sold on specifications – What they are
• Obtained from basic and intermediate chemicals
• Usually corresponds to formulations
End • They are sold directly to the consumer usually outside the
chemical industry
• Sold on performance – What they can do

Adapted from: International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities Revision 4, United Nations, New York, 2008.
Available in http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/isic-4.asp
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WORKSHOP 2A

Natural resource: palm oil

Basic: Fatty acids and glycerol
Extraction
Intermediate/Industrial: Glyceryl
Refining Hydrolysis monostearate
End/Configured: Body
Hydrogenation Fatty acid and glycerol lotion
esterification
Fatty acids methyl esters Water, Mineral Oil, Petrolatum,
Sorbitol Solution, Stearic Acid,
and glycerol Lanolin, Lanolin Alcohol, Cetyl
transesterification Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate/PEG-
100 Stearate, Triethanolamine,
Dimethicone, Propylene Glycol,
Microcrystalline Wax, Tri(PPG-3
Myristyl Ether) Citrate,
Disodium EDTA,
Methylparaben, Ethylparaben,
Propylparaben, Xanthan Gum,
Butylparaben, Methyldibromo
Glutaronitrile.

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WORKSHOP 2A

Natural resource:
Basic:
Intermediate/Industrial:
End/Configured:

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Class Characteristics
• Single pure chemicals
• Produced in dedicated plants
Commodities • High volume/low Price, cyclic, high transparent
• Many applications
• Sold on specifications – What they are
• Single pure chemicals
• Produced in multipurpose plants in batch processes
Fine • Low volume (less than 1000 mtpy)/high price (higher than U$10 /kg)
• Few applications, usually to produce medicines (pharmaceutical industry)
• Sold on specifications – What they are (molecular qualities)
• Mixtures
• Formulated
• Production capacity, price and applications undifferentiate
Specialties • Sold on performance using brand names – What they can do
• Customers outside chemical industry
• Usually specialies have one or two core applications

Adapted from: Pollak P, Fine Chemicals: The Industry and the business, Second edition, Jhon Wiley & Sons,
USA, 2011. 5
 WORKSHOP 2A
Class Example Producer Production Price
Capacity (U$/t)
(thousand ton)
10 – 140 950-700
https://www.icis.com/explore/res https://www.icis.com/explore/resour
Commodities Ethyl acetate Eastman, Sucroal ources/news/2017/11/02/101600 ces/news/2020/09/14/10552169/asia
40/chemical-profile-us-ethyl- -butac-etac-prices-near-six-month-
acetate/ highs-on-supply-constraint

6 in La Felguera
production site of Bayer,
Fine Acetyl Salycilic acid Bayer 40 worldwide
https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2
014/01/20/inenglish/1390220304
_096600.html

2500
Produced in batch
Glyceryl Value calculated with the
process. Colombian
monostearate data reported for 2019 in
https://es.stepan.com/produc Stepan, Protecnica consumption 2019, 169 t https://www.dane.gov.co/index.ph
Specialties https://www.dane.gov.co/index.ph
ts- Ingeniería p/estadisticas-por-
markets/product/DREWMULS p/estadisticas-por- tema/industria/encuesta-anual-
E200KFLAKE.html tema/industria/encuesta-anual- manufacturera-enam
manufacturera-enam

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Class Example Producer Production Price
Capacity (U$/t)
(thousand ton)

Commodities

Fine

Specialties

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Class Characteristics Examples

• Pure chemicals or mixtures
• Microstructure is not fundamental
Homogeneous • Costumers are inside the chemical industry
• Sold under specifications – What they are
• Mixtures
• Formulations
• Microstructure, result of the relationship between
formulation and production process is very
Structured important
• Usually corresponds to final products with
costumer outside chemical industry
• Sold on performance – What they can do

Adapted from: Hill M, Chemical Product Engineering – the third paradigm, Computers & Chemical
Engineering, 2009, 33: 947-953.
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 WORKSHOP 2A
Class Scale Key factor Base Risk Example
Unit
Meters,
operations,
Commodities micrometers, Cost Raw materials
reaction
nanometers
engineering
Unit
operations, Intelectual
Equipment Meters Convenience
reaction property
engineering

Molecules Nanometers Discovery Chemistry Discovery

Formulation
and
Microestructures Micrometers Function Scientific basis
production
process

Adapted from: Cusler EL, Moggridge GD, Chemical Product Design, Cambridge University Press, UK, 2011.
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