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G8 Q1 Module No.6 Week No.5-To-7
G8 Q1 Module No.6 Week No.5-To-7
SCIENCE
QUARTER 1-MODULE 6
(WEEK 5-7)
Ohm’s Law, Electric Power
and Energy and Home
Circuitry
JOSEPH A. SARMIENTO
Master Teacher I
What I Need to Know
This module was intended for 8th grade science electricity introductory. It comprises the
concepts of Ohm‟s Law, Electric Power and Energy and Home Circuitry. Simple activities must
be performed to make the learning more deepen. It also provides practice exercises to test your
understanding. The module consists of:
Lesson 1 – Electricity: Relationship between current and voltage
1.1 - Difference among current, voltage and resistance
Lesson 2 – Ohm’s Law
Lesson 3 – Series and Parallel Connection
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What I Know
Directions: Read the questions carefully and then choose the letter of your answer. Use
a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
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ELECTRICITY: RELATIONSHIP
Lesson 1 BETWEEN CURRENT AND VOLTAGE
Electricity plays an essential role in how your home operates. Whether watching TV,
powering heating and cooling systems or charging a cell phone, we rely on our home‟s electrical
system to provide us with power when and where we need it.
By understanding the basics of how electricity is distributed around your home, you can
keep this important system properly maintained and in safe working condition.
You have learned a lot about electricity from Grade 3 to Grade 7. You have learned about its
sources and uses; what materials make good conductors of electricity; what makes up an electric
circuit; and how electrical energy is transferred or transformed into other forms of energy.
In this module, you will learn more about electricity. There are three quantities that you
should be familiar within the study of electricity. These are electric current, voltage, and resistance.
You will use the relationships among these quantities in learning about circuit connections. You will
also learn that some of the safety precautions you have been warned about can be explained by the
relationships among voltage, current, and resistance.
What’s In
The unit ampere (A) is named after the French Physicist, Andre Marie Ampere who
contributed in the field of electricity and magnetism. An instrument which is used to measure its
magnitude is the ammeter. Figure 1 shows an ammeter:
4
Figure 1 Ammeter
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector
This electrical device is connected in a circuit as shown below; with its positive terminal is
connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source, while its negative terminal is connected to
the negative terminal to the negative terminal of the energy source (Figure 2):
https://itsi.intelligentpractice.co.za/read/science
Current or electric charges flow through the wires with the help of a voltage source. Dry cells
or batteries be it dry or wet cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy to perform the work to
push charges in mobile through wires. These batteries are used in various electrical loads (flashlight
bulbs, remote control and many others)
Dry cells provide the voltage source in a circuit. Its symbol and unit are both represented by
uppercase V. Voltmeter measures its magnitude. As shown in the following figure, the negative
terminal of the voltmeter is connected to the negative terminal of the energy source. Likewise, its
positive terminal is connected to the positive of the voltage source. Below is a voltmeter.
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-vector
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Activity 1
Current and voltage
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. measure the electric current and voltage in a circuit using an ammeter and voltmeter
respectively; and
2. determine the relationship between electric current and voltage.
Materials Needed:
1 ammeter 1 voltmeter
2 dry cells (1.5 V each) 2 dry cell holders
4 connecting wires 1 switch
1 bulb 1 bulb holder
Procedure
1. Construct a simple circuit using a dry cell, a bulb, a switch and an ammeter. Close the circuit by
turning on the switch. Observe the bulb and the ammeter. Record the ammeter reading in Table 1.
Upon completion of the task, switch off the circuit.
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=2
Table 1
No. of Batteries Voltage (V) Current (A)
Q2. Compare the brightness of the bulb with one dry cell to its brightness when there are two dry
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cells in the circuit.
______________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is the ammeter reading this time?
________________________________________________
Q4. What can be inferred about the current passing through the bulb?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Connect the voltmeter in the circuit as shown in Figure 5. Switch on and record the voltage in
Table 1. Once the task is done, turn off the switch.
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=2
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=2
Conclusion:
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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What’s New
Resistance
Electrical quantities are of many, previously mentioned above were current and
voltage. Somehow, these two quantities are affected by other electrical quantities.
Magnitude of these may increase or decrease depending on the amount of the other
quantity.
What is It
How is current affected by the resistance of the load in a circuit? Do activity 2 to find
out.
Activity 2
Current and resistance
Objective:
After performing this activity, you should be able to determine the relationship
between electric current and resistance
Materials Needed:
1 ammeter 2 dry cells
2 dry cell holders 4 connecting wires
1 switch 3 flashlight bulbs (voltage rating of 2.5V each)
3 bulb holders
Procedure:
1. Construct a simple circuit using one bulb, 2 dry cells and an ammeter as shown in Figure
7. Record the electric current measurement in Table 2. Once the task is done, turn off the
switch.
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https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=4
2. To increase the resistance, add another bulb in the circuit. Connect the ammeter and record the
electric current measurement in Table 2. Once the task is done, turn off the switch.
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=4
3. To further increase the resistance, add another bulb in the circuit. Connect the ammeter
and record the electric current measurement in Table 2. Once the task is done, turn off the
switch.
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=4
Table 2
No. of Bulbs Current
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Q10. Based on Table 2, what happens to the current in the circuit as the resistance
increases (increasing of bulbs)?
4. Connect the ammeter at different points around the circuit shown in Figure 10. Make sure
that the positive terminal of the ammeter is connected to the positive terminal of the dry cell
while the negative terminal is connected to the negative terminal of the dry cell. Once the
task is done, turn off the switch.
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/6mO8oy7KpyXJ8kVqg5p9J0/module-4-ativities-g8?pg=4
Conclusion:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
What’s More
You have discovered that voltage and resistance both have an effect on the current flowing
in a circuit. Other factors being constant, an increase in voltage results in an increase in current. On
the other hand, an increase in resistance results in a decrease in current.
In 1826 Georg Ohm discovered this relationship and developed a mathematical law of
electric current. This is now known as Ohm's Law.
One way Ohm's Law can be stated is: "a current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to
the voltage, given the temperature of the conductor remains constant".
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Three Relationships
Solution: Ohm's law states the potential difference across a resistor is resistance times the
current so we get
2.) An electronic device has a resistance of 20 ohms and a current of 15 A. What is the voltage
across the device?
Solution: resistance, current, and voltage are related together by Ohm's law as V=IR. Thus, the
voltage of the device is obtained as
3.) A current of 0.2 A passes through a 1.4kΩ resistor. What is the voltage across it?
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Activity 3
Ohm's Law: Practice Problems
PROBLEM SOLUTION
Electrical components such as bulb, a connecting wire, an energy source when connected
properly allow electrons to flow. The net flow of electrons in such a connection is called electricity.
When a bulb is connected through a circuit, you will see the bulb shine bright if connected to a fully
charged dry cell. The brightness of the bulb shows that there is a net flow of electrons. Depending
on how the connection is done, the brightness and the net flow of electricity in the circuit can be
affected.
The two basic ways to connect electrical components are the series connection or parallel
connection. But most commonly, they are combined.
In a series circuit, all components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for
current flow. In a parallel circuit, all components are connected across each other, forming exactly
two sets of electrically common points.
https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp/advantages-of-parallel-connection-over-series-connection-93391/
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Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits
Series Parallel
The same amount of current flows The current flowing through each
through all the components. component combines to form the
current flow through the source.
In an electrical circuit, components are In an electrical circuit, components are
arranged in a line. arranged parallel to each other.
When resistors are put in a series When resistors are put in a parallel
circuit, the voltage across each resistor circuit, the voltage across each of the
is different even though the current flow resistors is the same. Even the
is the same through all of them. polarities are the same.
If one component breaks down, the Other components will function even if
whole circuit will burn out. one component breaks down; each has
its own independent circuit.
Activity 4
What’s the part?
Objectives:
• Identify a series circuit and a parallel circuit.
• Differentiate a series circuit from a parallel circuit.
• Recognize the parts of a circuit.
Procedures:
1. Examine the diagram below. Close the circuit by drawing a line on the connecting wire
representing the switch of the Circuit A.
2. To determine what type of connection is shown, try to make a complete circuit by drawing a line
from the positive terminal of the battery passing through all the light bulbs and back to the negative
terminal of the battery, making a complete circuit. Make sure not to drop your pen.
3. Do the same procedure in no. 2 for Circuit B.
Diagram
Questions:
1. How many bulbs are in each circuit? ___________________________________
2. How many lines can you draw to pass from the battery to all the bulbs in the circuit A without
lifting your pen up? _______________________________
3. How many lines can you draw to pass from the battery to all of the bulbs in circuit B without lifting
your pen? __________________________________
4. What do you call a circuit that allows electric current to pass through a single line?
_______________________________________________________________________________
5. What do you call a circuit that provides two (2) or more path for electric current to pass through?
_______________________________________________________________________________
6. If you remove one bulb from Circuit A, would you be able to light up the other bulb in the circuit?
______ Why? ___________________________________________________________________
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7. If you remove one bulb from Circuit B, would you be able to light up the other bulb in the circuit?
________ Why? ________________________________________________________________
Many of the energy services around the house use electricity. It is extremely important to
have various safety devices to protect from fire and electrocution.
Circuit breakers
Circuit breakers are electrical safety devices that protect electric circuits from overload
electric current conditions. They do the same job as fuses but are not destroyed when activated.
During overload conditions a circuit breaker will open the circuit to prevent overload, and potential
damage, like fires. Circuit breakers contain a switch to return to the closed position after they have
been flipped.
Fuse
A fuse is an electrical safety device that protects an electric circuit from excessive electric
current. Fuses are destroyed during overload conditions. When reasonable to do so (and
economically sensible), circuit breakers are used instead because they are not destroyed during
overload conditions. It's cheaper to install fuses than circuit breakers, but since fuses need to be
replaced and circuit breakers don't, fuses have a higher operational cost.
Fuses are designed to allow current through the circuit, but in the event that the current
exceeds some maximum value it will burn out the wire so that there is no longer a circuit. The
current that will cause a fuse to blow is called the current rating. Fuses also have a voltage rating;
this is the maximum voltage difference that the fuse can block. Once a circuit is open (broken), an
applied voltage exists at the ends of the fuse, and if this voltage exceeds the voltage rating of the
fuse, the air in the fuse may ionize and start conducting again, therefore leaving the circuit without a
safety system.
Surge Protectors
As the name suggests these electrical safety devices protect your home and appliances
against sudden spikes in electrical current.
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What I Have Learned
What I Can Do
Directions: Illustrate how electricity works in the community through a poster. Use the
following materials: one (1) oslo paper, pastel or any coloring materials and a
marker.
Assessment
Directions: Read the questions carefully and then choose the letter of your answer. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answers.
Additional Activities
Current Ampere
Voltage V
Resistance George
Simon
Ohm
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Answer Key
1. .
.
2
.
.
3.
Assessment
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Additional Activities
References
Campo, Pia et.al., Science 8 Module K to 12, Vibal Publishing house Inc., 2013.
Division of City Schools - Manila. “Science 8 Series & Parallel How are you connected?”, nd
Mackean D.G. and Hayward D.,Cambridge IGCSE Biolgy 3rd ed. London:
Hodder Education, 2014.
Reece J., et. al.,Campbell Biology 10th ed., USA: Pearson, 2014.
University of Calgary. “Electrical Safety Devices”, accessed, August 09, 2021, https://
energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Electrical_safety_devices
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Name: Date:
Grade/Section: Score:
ACTIVITY No. 1
The E-Word Search
Most Essential Learning Competency: Infer the relationship between current and
voltage.
Directions: Encircle the following terms that you might find at the word
box.
P E R T A S V C Z C
F A A A A O A F A O
S J R B S P S A S N
Q M T A D A F D F D
A G S T L D R R R U
O D D T A L E V H C
L R F E S A E O Y T
D G O R R D G L U O
F T K Y T E T T J R
G S H O H C A A I S
Y T A K Z I F G K L
A I D C U R R E N T
D F J L K C E S A A
F A H D L U R R D D
H M C F A I T T F F
T P A G R T A E F R
R E S I S T A N C E
A R E J T O S A E A
S E O Y C O R D R S
E A S T X U T R T E
R S D U Z D O T Y T
I R F A U F P Y U Y
E M R S L G T K I U
S R O T A L U S N I
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Name: Date:
Grade/Section: Score:
ACTIVITY No. 2
The Ohm’s Law
Most Essential Learning Competency: Infer the relationship between current and
voltage.
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Name: Date:
Grade/Section: Score:
ACTIVITY No. 3
Directions : Read the facts given. Complete the Venn Diagram based on
the questions asked below from the information given.
Differences
1. How many pathway/s does electricity flow?
2. What is the relative brightness of the bulbs?
3. Does current remain the same or split in the circuit?
4. If you add more bulbs in the circuit, what happens to the total resistance?
5. Does total voltage remain the same or split in the circuit?
6. When one bulb gets “busted”, will the other bulbs still light?
7. How much power is dissipated by the circuit?
Similarities
8. Give at least three forms of energy converted by the circuit from electrical energy.
9. Which three basic circuit elements are present for both circuits?
1. SIMILARITIES 1.
2. 2.
8.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 9. 5.
6. 6.
7. 7.
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Name: Date:
Grade/Section: Score:
ACTIVITY No. 4
Comic Strip
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