FIGHTER AIRCRAFT

“WIDOWMAKER”
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

SURAJ SAHANI-13UEAE0064
PRAJAPATI KUMAR-13UEAE0047
ROOP SAI KUMAR-13UEAE0056

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

VEL TECH DR.RR & DR.SR TECHNICAL

UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600062

May 2016

VEL TECH DR.RR & DR.SR TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI

600062
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-I“FIGHTER
AIRCRAFT” is the bonafide work of who carried out the project work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

N.Murugan(ME AERO) G.Kannan ME AERO

Head of Department Asst. Professor,
Department of Aeronautical Engineering Department of Aeronautical
Engineering Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Technical Vel Tech Dr. RR & Dr. SR
Technical University University
Contents

Serial Content
no.
1. Abstract
2. Abbreviation
2. Introduction
3. Collection of similar
aircraft and data
retrieval
6. Comparative graphs
9. Mission specification
10. Weight estimation
11. Power plant selection
12. Airfoil selection
13. Performance calculation
14. Three view diagram
16. Bibliographies and
references
 ABSABSTRACT

Our project is the design of a multirole combat aircraft. A multirole combat aircraft is

an aircraft designed to perform different roles in combat. The air-to-air combat role has been

normally performed by fighter aircraft. In addition a multirole fighter has secondary roles such

as air-to-surface attack .

The term multirole has been reserved for aircraft designed with the aim of using a common

airframe for multiple tasks where the same basic airframe is adapted to a number of differing roles.

The main motivation for developing multirole aircraft is cost reduction in using a common

airframe.

The project report comprises of a literature survey of about 5 fighter aircrafts Based on it a number

of graphs were drawn to get a rough idea of the specifications of the aircraft.. After this an

appropriate airfoil is selected and its important parameters are calculated. Then the wing loading

estimation is done using two constraints and further the thrust to weight ratio is estimated using

three constraints. Using this thrust is calculated in order to select an appropriate engine. Finally

performance graphs are drawn and a 3-view diagram of the aircraft is drawn

Our multirole fighter is a single seater powered by twin turbofan engines , flying at Mach 2 with a

range of 2000km.
Abbreviation
1. CD-Drag coefficient
2. CDO-Zero lift drag coefficient
3. Cj-Specific fuel consumption for jet engine
4. CL-Lift coefficient
5. Cp –Specific fuel consumption for propeller driven aircraft
6. e-Ostwald efficiency factor
7. g-Acceleration due to gravity
8. L/D-Lift to drag ratio
9. Mff-Mission fuel fraction
10.N-time increment for free roll just after touchdown, before brakes are applied
11. R/C-Rate of climb
12.R-Range of the aircraft
13.sa –Approach distance
14.sf –Flare distance
15.sg –ground roll
16.S-Wing area
17.V∞-Free stream velocity
18.Vf-Flare velocity
19.Vstall-Stall velocity
20.W/S-Wing loading
21.Wcrew-Crew Weight
22.WE-Empty weight
23.WF(res)-Reserve fuel weight
24.WF(used)-Weight of the fuel used during the mission
25.WPL-Payload weight
26.WTFO-Trapped fuel weight
27.WTO-Takeoff weight
28.ηp -Propeller efficiency
29.ρ∞ -Free stream density at sea level
 Survey of Fighter Aircraft

GENERAL CHARACTERSTICES;
s.no Nam Crew Leng Wing Wing Empt Load Max Aspe Pow Pow H
e of th span area y ed takeo ct er er E
the (m) (m) (m^2 weig weig ff ratio plant plant I
aircr ) ht ht weig G
aft (kg) (kg) ht H
(kg) T
Dry With (m)
thrust(K After
N) burn
er
thrus
t
(KN)
1 Sukhoi 2 22.5 10.3 55.2 2320 3804 4375 1.9 75 109. 6.1
su-24 4 0 0 5 8 9

2 F22 2 18.9 13.5 1970 2930 3800 2.1 104 156 5.08
6 78.0 0 0 0
4
3 F-16 2 15.06 9.96 27.8 8570 1200 1920 3.09 76.3 127 4.88
7 0 0
4 Dassa 1 15.27 10.8 9850 1500 2450 2.6 50.04 75.6 5.43
ult 0 0 2
Rafale 45.6
C 0
5 Sukhoi 1 21.9 15.3 1840 2530 3450 3.48 86.3 142 5.9
Su -35 0 0 0
62
PERFORMANCES CHARACTERISTICS;

Name of Cruise Range(km) Service Thrust/weigh Rate of Wing

the aircraft speed(km/hr ceiling(m t climb(m/s) loading
s.no ) ) (kg/m^2)
Sukhoi 1654 2775 11000 0.6 150 689.13
Su-24
1
2 F22 1500 2960 65000 1.08 350 375

3 F-16 1320 3223 50000 1.095 254 431

4 Dassaul 1188.062 3700 50000 0.988 304.8 328

Rafale C
5 Sukhoi 1490 3600 59100 0.92 280 408
Mission Profile
 Weight Estimation

To estimate the following weight for our conceptual aircraft design

- Take-off Weight (WTO)

- Payload (WPL)
- Crew Weight (Wcr)
- Fuel Weight (Wf)
- Empty Weight (WE)

Payload Weight (Wpl)

The Payload weight is determined from requirements.

Armaments Number Weight (kg)

AAM 4 180*4 = 720
ASM 4 650*4 = 2600
Guns 2 100*2 = 200
Bombs = 1000
Total = 4520.

Crew Weight (Wcr)

The crew weight is according to no. of crew is
specified as per requirements.

Wcr = 100 * 2 = 200 kg

Here no. crew is taken 2 and weight is included with their

flight suits, helmet ,etc.
PHASE – 9
Drop Bombs
Start weight is W8 and end weight is W9
W9/W8 = 1

PHASE – 10
Strafe
Start weight is W9 and end weight is W10
W10/W9 = 0.986

PHASE – 11
Dash In
Start weight is W10 and end weight is W11
W11/W10 = 0.93

PHASE – 12
Climb
Start weight is W11 and end weight is W12
W12/W11 = 0.97

PHASE – 13
Cruise In
Start weight is W12 and end weight is W13
W13/W12 = 0.948

PHASE – 14
Descend
Start weight is W13 and end weight is W14
W14/W13 = 0.99

PHASE – 15
Landing and shutdown
Start weight is W14 and end weight is W15
W15/W14 = 0.995
 So the mass fuel fraction can be obtained from the below formula-
Mff = {( W15/W14)*( W14/W13)*( W13/W12)*( W12/W11)*( W11/W10)*
( W10/W9)*( W9/W8)*( W8/W7)*( W7/W6)*( W6/W5)*( W5/W4)
*( W4/W3)*( W3/W2)*( W2/W1)*( W1/WTO)}
= 0.745

Wf/WTO = (1 –Mff ) = (1-0.745) = 0.255

Wf = 0.255*23240 = 5229 kg
(Note – this calculation is done by taking WTO from
Requirements)

W crew +W p
¿ Wf
WT0 1−
(W0
−(W e / WT 0)

)
Empty Weight Calculation
WE = W0E - Wtfo - Wcrew
W0E = WTO - Wf -WPl = 23240 – 5229 – 4520 = 13491kg
Wtfo = 0.005* WTO = 0.005*23240 =116.2kg
So,
WE = 13491 – 116.2 – 200 = 13174.8 kg
W0E is operative empty weight.
Wtfo is trapped fuel oil weight
Now will found WTO by iteration

WE/WTO = a WTO + b
The coefficient a & b for the above emipirical equation for Fighter
Aircraft is a = - 1.1 * 10^-5 and b = 0.97.

So,
Iteration – I
WE/WTO = a WTO + b
= -1.1*10^-5*23240+0.97
= 0.71436

WTO = WE/ 0.71436 = 18442.8kg

WTO = 16673 kg
3-View Diagram