CHEMICAL

ENGINEERNG PROCESS
CALCULATIONS
CH201 - MTE PROJECT

Submitted by:
Submitted to:
Aadhya Roy
Mrs. Raminder Kaur (2K20/CH/01)
PRESENTATION
CONTENTS :
Our agenda with this

Unit Processes and Unit Operations

Unit Operations - Filtration, Distillation,

Crystallization, Evaporations, Absorption

Unit Operations - Hydrolysis, Oxidation,

Catalysis, Hydrogenation, Sulfonation
 Unit Processes
A unit operation is a basic step in a
process. Unit operations involve a
physical change or chemical
transformation such as separation,
crystallization, evaporation, filtration,
polymerization, isomerization, and other
reactions.Unit operations are connected
to create the overall process.
Unit Operations
A unit process is one or more grouped
operations in a manufacturing system
that can be defined and separated from
others. Unit processes involve chemical
changes such as Hydrogenation,
Oxidation, Nitration and other reactions.

 UNIT
PROCESSES

Filtration Distillation Crystallization Evaporations Absorption

FILTRATION
Filtration is a physical separation process
that separates solid matter and fluid from a
mixture using a filter medium that has a
complex structure through which only the
fluid can pass.

Industries where its used:

Water Treatment
Pharmaceuticals
Food Processing
 DISTILLATION
Distillation, or classical distillation, is the
process of separating the components or
substances from a liquid mixture by using
selective boiling and condensation.

Industries where its used:

Petrochemical industry
Natural gas processing plants
Alcohol Production
CRYSTALLIZATION
Crystallization or crystallisation is the
process by which a solid forms, where the
atoms or molecules are highly organized
into a structure known as a crystal. Some of
the ways by which crystals form are
precipitating from a solution, freezing, or
more rarely deposition directly from a gas.

Industries where its used:

Pharmaceuticals
Food sectors
Chemical processing industries
EVAPORATION
Evaporation is a type of vaporization that
occurs on the surface of a liquid as it
changes into the gas phase. The
surrounding gas must not be saturated with
the evaporating substance.

Industries where its used:

Food processing
Chemical industries
Pharmaceuticals
Nuclear plants
ABSORPTION
Absorption is a physical or chemical
phenomenon or a process in which atoms,
molecules or ions enter some bulk phase –
liquid or solid material.

Industries where its used:

Gas industry
Metal and Packaging industries
Exhaust air scrubbing
 UNIT
OPERATIONS

Hydrolisis Oxidation Catalysis Hydrogenation Sulfonation

HYDROLYSIS
Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in
which a molecule of water breaks one
or more chemical bonds. The term is
used broadly for substitution,
elimination, and solvation reactions in
which water is the nucleophile.

Industries where its used:

Used in chemical processing of
vegetable materials
Production of nutrient yeast
OXIDATION
Oxidation is the loss of electrons or
an increase in the oxidation state of
an atom, an ion, or of certain atoms in
a molecule

Industries where its used:

Cleaning products
Oxidising ammonia produce nitric
acid.
Electrochemical cells
manufacturing
CATALYSIS
Catalysis is the process of increasing
the rate of a chemical reaction by
adding a substance known as a
catalyst. Catalysts are not consumed
in the reaction and remain
unchanged after it.

Industries where its used:

Petroleum Refining
Chemical production
Food Processing
HYDROGENATION
Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction
between molecular hydrogen (H2)
and another compound or element,
usually in the presence of a catalyst
such as nickel, palladium or platinum.
The process is commonly employed
to reduce or saturate organic
compounds.

Industries where its used:

Food industry in production of oils
and butter
Petrochemical industry
Production of organic chemicals
SULFONATION
Sulfonation is an organic reaction in
which a hydrogen atom on an arene
is replaced by a sulfonic acid
functional group in an electrophilic
aromatic substitution.

Industries where its used:

Preparation of Dyes and
Pharmaceuticals
Sulphonation of polystyrene is
used to make sodium polystyrene
sulfonate, a common ion
exchange resin for water softening.
THANK YOU !!