THE USE DROSOPHILLA AS GENETIC EXPERIMENTAL

ORGANISM

By :
Name : Mellya Rizki Pitriani
Student ID : B1B017031
Group :V
Subgroup :A
Assistant : Salsabila Pratiwi

PRACTICAL REPORT OF GENETICS

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION

JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2018
 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

A. Result 2

1
Picture 1.1. Wild Drosophilla melanogaster
Picture details :
1. Female Drosophilla melanogaster
2. Male Drosophilla melanogaster
1 2

3
Picture 1.2. Mutant Drosophilla melanogaster
Picture details :
1. Taxy Drosophilla M
2. Ebony Drozsophilla M
3. White eyes Drosophilla M
Picture 1.3. Isolation of Virgin Female Pupa

Picture 1.3. Isolation of Virgin Female Imago (Adult Fly)

B. Discussion
Drosophila melanogaster, a type of ordinary insect that is generally harmless and
is a fungus that grows on fruit. Fruit flies are easy to breed insects. Of only one marriage
can be produced hundreds of offspring, and the new generation can be developed every
two weeks. This carasteristic shows fruit fly organisms that are well suited for genetic
studies (Campbell, 2002).

Most discoveries in the field of genetics are obtained through research using
these flies as materials (Suryo, 2004). This choice is right because first, this fly is small
so that a large population can be maintained in the laboratory. Second, life cycle is very
fast. Every 2 weeks a new generation of adults can be produced. Third, this fly is very
fertile, the female can produce hundreds of fertilized eggs in that short life (Kimball,
2001).

Morphological observations of flies Drosophila sp. done by anesthetizing the fly

with ether and then observed with a microscope. Based on observations, male and
female Drosophila were obtained. This sex difference is morphologically seen from the
shape of the abdomen, the male fly has a posterior posterior and darker in color while
the female fly has a pointed posterior tip. Other characteristics can be seen from the
shape and size of the body where the body size of male flies is smaller and more
compact than female flies. In addition, male flies have a sex comb. Species of
Drosophila sp. especially D. melanogaster, has many types of mutants that are very
possible to do various experiments on the pattern of inheritance, while the wild type is
so easy to obtain by installing a food trap in the form of fruit put into a bottle.

Observation of the eyes, it was seen that the eyes of a normal Drosophila fly had
a color that was bright in color. But there are some mutants of Drosophila flies that have
been observed during this practicum, namely Drosophila type whiteeyes. This type of
fly has a mutation on chromosome 1 because it does not have pyridine and omochrome
pigments. In addition, there is an ebony type fly that experiences loading on
chromosome 3, where the whole body is jet black.

Drosophila melanogaster is an animal that undergoes perfect metamorphosis.

The life cycle of fruit flies begins immediately after fertilization, which consists of two
periods. First, an embryonic period occurs when the young larvae hatch from the egg.
During the larval phase, the larvae do not stop to continue to eat. The second period is
the postembrionic period which is divided into three stages, namely larvae, pupae and
imago.

Fruit fly eggs are elliptical, white, and placed in groups of 2-15 grains on fruits
that are somewhat hidden or not exposed to direct sunlight, and the fruit is rather soft
and the surface is rather rough. A female fruit fly can lay eggs 1 to 40 grains / day, with
1,200 -1,500 eggs. Fruit fly eggs measuring around 0.5 mm. in the anterior chamber,
there is a hole called "micropyle" and is limited by two to four protrusions that extend
into spoons. The egg is fertilized in the body and sperm enters through "micropyle". The
newly released eggs generally enter the blastula stage or a later stage if the spawning
process is disturbed. The egg develops for approximately 24 hours and hatches into
larvae (Hartati, 2008). Drosophila passes through three stages of the larvae, where
larvae eat, grow, and larvae change skin (peeling off the hard outer layer) (Campbell,
2003). Murky, elliptical white larvae with one pointed end. Larvae live and develop in
fruit meat for 6-9 days, causing the fruit to rot. If the larvae are mature, they will come
out of the fruit and enter the pupa stage just below the soil surface. Pupa is a brownish,
oval shaped 5 mm long.

Pupa (cocoon) oval, brownish in color, and 5 mm long. The period of pupae is 4-
10 days and after that the adult insects (imago) fruit flies come out. Imago is an average
fruit fly measuring 0.7mm x 0.3mm and consists of the head, thoracic thorax and
abdomen. The thorax consists of 3 segments; orange, brownish brown, brown or black
and has a pair of wings. At B. dorsalis complex, there are usually two longitudinal lines
and a pair of transparent wings.

The making of the Drosophila subculture is carried out in order to produce more
offspring and as a nutrient rejuvenation.

Female virgin Drosophila isolation is done by moving the pupa into a

transparent plastic straw that has been given a culture medium and both ends of the
straw are covered with foam. This isolation is done in order to produce female virgin
Drosophila which has never been fertilized by a male parent.
 REFFERENCES

Campbell, N.A. 2002. Biologi Jilid I. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Campbell, N.A. 2003. Biologi Jilid II. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Hartati. 2007. Penuntun Praktikum Genetika. Makassar: Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNM.

Kimball, J.W. 2001. Biologi. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Suryo. 2004. Genetika Manusia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.