Group - 3 Hospital Literature Study.

GROUP NO.
3
Chandra Leela - 05 Gubba Navya - 20
MD Khaleed - 14 Sandya - 32
Mirza Ali Raza - 16 Shailesh - 34
Mohammed - 17 Sravani - 36
MD Salman - 18 Vaishnavi - 38
WHAT IS HOSPITAL?
Eg: Govt Nizamia General Hospital, Princess Durru
Hospital, an institution that is built, staffed, and Shehvar Children's & General Hospital, Care Well
equipped for the diagnosis of disease; for the General Hospital, Osmania general hospatal new
treatent, both medical and surgical, of the sick and burning department, Rainbow Children's Hospital &
the injured; and for their housing during this process. BirthRight By Rainbow,
TYPES OF HOSPITALS BASED ON CAPACITY :
PHC CENTER :- PHC stands for primary health care the

most basic package of essential health services and
products needed to prevent disease, promote health, and
manage illness. Primary health care typically covers about
80 percent of a person's health needs during their lifetime.
No.of beds :- 10 - 20 beds
DIAGNOSTIC CENTRE :- A diagnostic imaging centre
Eg: Basti dawa khana, Poly clinic, Community has equipment and trained specialists to perform those
hospital tests. A doctor is then able to take the results from the
diagnostic tests and draw conclusions from them.
Screening is used by healthy people to look for potential
problems.
Eg: Focus diagnostic centre, Vijaya diagnostic centre,
Sun rise diagnostic centre
GENERAL HOSPITAL :- General hospitals may be academic
health facilities or community-based entities.They are general
in the sense that they admit all types of medical and surgical
cases, and they concentrate on patients with acute illnesses
needing relatively short-term care.
SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – IV ROLL NO. : 05,14,16,17,18,20,32,34,36,38
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR
01
LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL
COLLEGE: ASPA
DISTRICT HOSPITAL :- A district hospital typically is the MULTY SPECIALITY HOSPITAL:-
major health care facility in its region, with many beds Multy specialty hospitals offer focused services to treat
for intensive care and additional beds for patients who medical conditions that require a particular subset of skills
need long-term care and technology.
No.of beds :- 200 - 250 beds No.of beds :- 450 – 500 beds
Eg: King kothi district hospital, khurshid Nagar Eg: Hyderabad MultiSpeciality Hospital Orthopedic Doctors,
government Hospital, Modern Government Maternity Telangana Dental Multi Speciality Hospital, Indo Us Multi
Hospital RR Speciality Hospital
SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL :- TEACHING HOSPITAL:-

A single super speciality hospital is defined as a A teaching hospital, or academic medical center, is a
hospital that is primarily and exclusively engaged in hospital that partners with medical and nursing schools,
the care and treatment of the patients suffering from a education programs and research centers to improve health
specific illness. They offer specialized services to their care through learning and research.
patients No.of beds :- 50 beds
Eg: Govt Nizamia General Hospital, Quli Qutb Shah Block
Eg: Century Super Speciality Hospital, Alpha Super (Osmania General Hospital), Princess Durru Shehvar
Speciality Hospital, BBR Super Speciality Hospital Children's & General Hospital

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 02
COLLEGE: ASPA
General circulation and zoning of areas

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 03
COLLEGE: ASPA
ENTRY
METERNITY OT
RECEPTION
ADMINISTRA TOILET
OPD TION
LOBBY
BILLING
WATING EMRGENCY
AREA
EXAMINATION MEDICAL OT
UTILITY
GENERAL
WARD/DULEX WARD STAFF SERVICES
CONSULTATION ROOM
LABORATORIES
SERVICES
OT
PHARAMCY BLOOD INTERNAL

INTERNAL BANK DEPARTMENT
ICU DEPARTMENT
EXIT RECOVERY
ROOM STERILIZATION
RADOLOGY OT METERNITY
HOPITAL FLOW CHART

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 04
COLLEGE: ASPA
SERVICE
ENTRY
MORTUARY
PHARMACY KITCHEN
ALL DIVISION
GENERAL
LAUNDARY
STORAGE
FOOD
SERVICE ENTRY FLOW CHART

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 05
COLLEGE: ASPA
DIFFERENT STUDIES AND EQUIPMENTS
NEUROSCIENCE :- DISEASES :-
It is the study of human brain In addition to examining Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD),
the normal development and activity of the nervous Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Lung Cancer, Cystic
system, neuroscience studies diseases, disorders, and Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis, Pneumonia Pleural Effusion.
injuries that affect parts of the nervous system
HISTOLOGY :-
EQUIPMENTS : It is a study of spleen Histology is the microscopic study of
Electrosurgical Generator View Details. animal and plant cell and tissues through staining and
Harvard Ventilator View Details. sectioning and examining them under a microscope
Inverted Microscope View Details.
EQUIPMENTS :
Leica Microtome View Details
Microscope
DISEASES :-
DISEASES :-
Alzheimer's Disease, Dementias, Brain Cancer, Pemphigus
Epilepsy and Other Seizure Disorders, Mental Myasthenia gravis
Disorders, Parkinson's and Other Movement Goodpasture's syndrome
Disorders, Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Hashimoto's thyroiditis
(TIA)
CARDIOLOGY :-
It is a study of heart Cardiology is a medical specialty and a
PULMONOLOGY :- branch of internal medicine concerned with disorders of the
It is a study of lungs Pulmonology is a field of medicine heart
that focuses specifically on diagnosing and treating EQUIPMENTS :
disorders of the respiratory system.
Patient Monitors, EKG Machines, Cath Lab / Angio,
EQUIPMENTS :
Spirometers, Other Pulmonary Function Testing (PFT) Tables – Fluoroscopy, C-Arm - Fluoroscopy Machines,
Equipment, Ventilators, Humidifiers, Nebulizers, PAP Cardiac Ultrasounds, Defibrillators, Balloon Pumps.
(positive airway pressure) Devices, Manual DISEASES :-
Resuscitators, Mask, Oxygen Equipment and Circuits & Heart attack, Heart failure, Abnormal heart rhythms, or
Disposables. arrhythmias, Heart muscle disease
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 06
COLLEGE: ASPA
`
NEPHROLOGY :- MYOLOGY :-
It is a study of kidney It is a study of muscles
EQUIPMENTS : EQUIPMENTS :
Microscope 2 WAY MOUTH PROP, 3 WAY MOUTH PROPS & Hand Holders,
Urine dipstick Mouth Props, Combo, Myo Lip Meter, Battle Buttons.
Haemodialysis machines DISEASES :-
DISEASES :- Multiple sclerosis, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia gravis,
Diabetes, Fluid and electrolyte disorders, Myopathy.
Glomerulonephritis and glomerular diseases, Lupus
Hypertension GASTROENTEROLOGY :-
It is a study of stomach
HEPTOLOGY :- EQUIPMENTS :
It is a study of liver 2 WAY MOUTH PROP, 3 WAY MOUTH PROPS & Hand Holders,
EQUIPMENTS : Mouth Props, Combo, Myo Lip Meter, Battle Buttons.
Gastro Fibro Touch Machine, Fibro Touch Liver DISEASES :-
Screening Device, Pentax Video, Fibroscan Ultrasound endoscope, Video capsule, Endoscopy snare
502Touch, Echosens Liver Dialysis Test Machine
DISEASES :- RHINOLOGY :-
hepatitis infections, fatty liver disease, both It is a study of nose
alcohol-related and not, jaundice. EQUIPMENTS
Cirrhosis, metabolic liver diseases, liver cancer. Cannulas, needles, and needle holders. Chisels,
curettes, and osteotomies. Picks, knives, and
DERMATOLOGY :- probes.
It is a study of skin DESEASES:
EQUIPMENTS : Allergic rhinitis. Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory
cryosurgery equipment, nail nippers, micromotors, burs, Disease (AERD) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.
electrosurgical pencils, and exam lights. Surgical Sinusitis.
instruments including scissors, forceps, scalpels and skin
hooks

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 07
COLLEGE: ASPA
OPHTHALMOLOGY: ASTEOLOGY:
It is the study of eyes It is the study of bones
PSYCHOLOGY:
It is the study of human mentality
OTOLOGY: ANORECTOLOGY:
It is the study of ears It is the study of anas

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 08
COLLEGE: ASPA
HOMEOPATHY: ALLOPATHY:
Homeopathy is a medical system based on the A system of medicine that aims to combat disease by
belief that the body can cure itself. Those who using remedies (such as drugs or surgery) which produce
practice it use tiny amounts of natural substances, effects that are different from or incompatible with those
like plants and minerals. They believe these of the disease being treated. Using drugs, radiation, or
stimulate the healing process. It was developed in surgery. Also called biomedicine, conventional medicine,
the late 1700s in Germany. Homeopathic products mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, and Western
come from plants (such as red onion, arnica medicine. Medicines were developed from substances
[mountain herb], poison ivy, belladonna [deadly found in nature, and even today many are extracted from
nightshade], and stinging nettle), minerals (such as plants. Some medicines are made in labs by mixing
white arsenic), or animals (such as crushed whole together a number of chemicals. Others, like penicillin, are
bees). byproducts of organisms such as fungus.
PHYSIOTHERAPY:
Physiotherapy helps to restore movement and function when someone is
affected by injury, illness or disability. It can also help to reduce your risk of
injury or illness in the future. It takes a holistic approach that involves the
patient directly in their own care.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 09
COLLEGE: ASPA
UNANI:
a system of medicine practised in parts of India, thought
to be derived via medieval Muslim physicians from AYURVEDA:
Byzantine Greece. These therapies include cupping, Ayurveda treatment starts with an
aromatherapy, bloodletting, bathing, exercise, and internal purification process, followed
dalak (massaging the body). It may also involve the by a special diet, herbal remedies,
prescription of Unani drugs or surgery. massage therapy, yoga, and meditation.
•Sambhaloo (Vitex negundo Linn)
•Malkangani (Celastrus Paniculatus Willd)
•Khatmi (Althaea officinalis Linn)
CUPPING THERAPY:
•Asl-us- Soos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn)
Cupping therapy is an ancient form of alternative
•Zafran (Crocus sativus Linn.)
medicine in which a therapist puts special cups on
•Sana (Cassia angustifolia Vahl./Cassia senna Linn)
your skin for a few minutes to create suction. People
•Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
get it for many purposes, including to
•Introduction and Importance of Medicinal Plants and
help with pain, inflammation, blood
Herbs.
flow, relaxation and well-being, and
as a type of deep-tissue massage.
ACUPUNCTURE:
Acupuncture involves the insertion of very thin needles through your skin at
strategic points on your body. A key component of traditional Chinese
medicine, acupuncture is most commonly used to treat pain. Increasingly, it is
being used for overall wellness, including stress management

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 10
COLLEGE: ASPA
DIAGNOSTICS
CT SCAN
DEFINITION Computed tomography (CT) scan is a useful
diagnostic tool for detecting diseases and injuries. It
uses a series of X-rays and a computer to produce a
3D image of soft tissues and bones. CT is a painless,
noninvasive way for your healthcare provider to
diagnose conditions.
LUMEN VALUE 300 lux illumination per 1m.
DIMENSIONS Room dimensions are typically larger in size from

5.4864m x 6.096m and up to 7.3152m x 9.7536m.
These rooms require shielded walls, a large x-ray glass
control window at least 1.2192m wide x 0.9144m high
though 2.1336m wide x 1.0668m high and maximum
up to 2.4384mwide x1.2192 m high for a clear view of
the patient and all procedures.
FUNCTION Computed tomography (CT) scan is a useful

diagnostic tool for detecting diseases and injuries. It
uses a series of X-rays and a computer to produce a
3D image of soft tissues and bones.
LOCATION not available.
REFERENCES:https://www.bfwinc.com/hospital-lighting-standards
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - IV ROLL NO. : 05,14,16,17,18,20,32,34,36,38
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 11
COLLEGE: ASPA
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
DEFINITION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a type of

scan that uses strong magnetic fields and radio
waves to produce detailed images of the inside
of the body. An MRI scanner is a large tube that
contains powerful magnets.
LUMEN VALUE 300 lux illumination per 1m.
DIMENSIONS The MRI scanner room shall be large enough to

accommodate equipment and to allow
clearance in accordance with manufacturers'
recommendations. a. If provided, the space
should be a minimum of 4.65 square meters to
accommodate two large dewars of cryogen.
VENTILATION Inside Design Conditions: 70°F - 75°F (21°C - 24°)

40% - 60% RH Coordinate with MRI Manufacturer
Minimum Air Changes per hour: 12 -Supply Air
100% Exhaust: No 100% Outside air: No Room Air
Balance: Positive Dedicated Exhaust System: Yes
– Note 2 Occupancy: 4 people AC Load-
Equipment: 10,000 Btuh (3,000W) AC Load
Lighting: 2.0 W/SF (21 W/M2 ).
FUNCTION Not available..

https://www.nhs.uk/conditio
LOCATION Not available. ns/mri-scan/
/
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 12
COLLEGE: ASPA
BLOOD TESTING LAB
DEFINITION Blood tests are used to measure or examine cells, chemicals,
proteins, or other substances in the blood. Blood testing, also
known as blood work, is one of the most common types of
lab tests.
ACTIVITY This test, also known as a CBC, is the most common blood
test performed. It measures the types and numbers of cells in
the blood, including red and white blood cells and platelets.
This test is used to determine general health status, screen for
disorders and evaluate nutritional status , to check
cholesterol and blood glucose levels. These help monitor
your risk of heart and circulatory diseases and diabetes, or
how your condition is being managed. Tests for different
chemicals and proteins can indicate how your liver or
kidneys are working.
DIMENSIONS average lab floor space for research, commercial, and

clinical diagnostic lab spaces of 655m, 883m, and 533m per
laboratory, respectively.
LOCATION Not available

https://www.bfwinc.com/hos
pital-lighting-standards/

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR
LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL 13
COLLEGE: ASPA
MEDICAL LABORATORY
DEFINITION A laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in
order to get information about the health of a patient as
pertaining to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
disease.
LUMEN VALUE The general lighting should have an illumination level of 500
lux, per meter.
DIMENSIONS A common laboratory module has a width of approximately

10 ft. 6 in. but will vary in depth from 6-9mt. The depth is based
on the size necessary for the lab and the cost-effectiveness of
the structural system.
VENTILATION Laboratory ventilation, a part of the HVAC system, is the

supply of a fresh/clean air to displace contaminated air and
dilute it to safe levels. It consists of two vital factors - air
handling and filtration systems. The primary functions of
laboratory ventilation systems are to provide safe,
comfortable, breathable environments for all lab users, and to
minimize exposures to hazardous air contaminant
FUNCTION A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory

where tests are carried out on clinical specimens to obtain
information about the health of a patient to aid in diagnosis,
treatment, and prevention of disease.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wi
LOCATION not available ki/Medical_laboratory
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM 14
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR
COLLEGE: ASPA
ULTRASOUND SCAN
DEFINITION An ultrasound scan, sometimes called a sonogram, is a

procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an
image of part of the inside of the body. An ultrasound scan can
be used to monitor an unborn baby, diagnose a condition, or
guide a surgeon during certain procedures.
LUMEN 3OO Lux illumination per 1m.

VALUE
DIMENSIONS Rooms used for ultrasound examination/ treatment shall have a

minimum clear floor area of 11.15 square meters
VENTILATION Not available
An external ultrasound scan is most often used to examine the

FUNCTION heart or an unborn baby in the womb. It can also be used to
examine the liver, kidneys and other organs in the tummy and
pelvis, as well as other organs or tissues that can be assessed
through the skin, such as muscles and joints.
LOCATION Near to gynecologist cabin and fertility centre https://www.nhs.uk/conditio

ns/ultrasound-scan/
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR
15
COLLEGE: ASPA
ENDOSCOPY
DEFINITION An endoscopy is a procedure where organs inside your body are
looked at using an instrument called an endoscope. An
endoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube that has a light and
camera at one end. Images of the inside of your body are shown
on a television screen.
LUMEN Not available.

VALUE
DIMENSION Procedure rooms should be at least 200 square feet (19 m2) in
S size, and hospitals should have at least two procedure rooms.
FUNCTION An endoscopy unit refers to a dedicated area where medical

procedures are performed with endoscopes, which are cameras
used to visualize structures within the body, such as the digestive
tract and genitourinary system.
VENTILATIO Jet ventilation is useful for a subset of patients undergoing upper

N GI endoscopy or ERCP. For these procedures, the open system
necessitated by the oral passage of the endoscope limits the
effectiveness of positive pressure ventilation.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditio
ns/endoscopy/
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 16
COLLEGE: ASPA
X - RAY
DEFINITION X-rays can be used to examine most areas of the body.
They're mainly used to look at the bones and joints, although
they're sometimes used to detect problems affecting soft
tissue, such as internal organs. Problems that may be detected
during an X-ray include: bone fractures and breaks.
LUMEN 75-100 lux illumination per 1m.

VALUE
DIMENSIONS Rooms are typically smaller in size from 3m x 3.6m and up to

4.8mx 6m and require shielded walls, x-ray glass control
window minimum 0.5m x 0.5m or larger for a clear view of
patient and procedures, and shielded door(s).
FUNCTION X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce

images of internal tissues, bones, and organs on film or digital
media. Standard X-rays are performed for many reasons,
including diagnosing tumors or bone injuries.
VENTILATION if ventilation is required /exhaust or natural light, must be

located at a height of not less than 2.0m from the finished floor
level/ground outside the x-ray room.
LOCATION not available

https://www.hopkinsmedicin
e.org/health/treatment-tests-
and-therapies/xrays
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 17
COLLEGE: ASPA
TREATMENT
DOCTORS CABIN
DEFINITION A room where a doctor examines a patient and discusses their

medical problems with them.American dialects typically refer to a
doctor’s office as the building and or room used for examination.The
building may also be a clinic.The room itself may be called an
examination room.
LUMEN 500 lux illumination per meter in exam room.

VALUE
1000 lux illumination per meter in office (examination)
DIMENSION The optimum size for an exam room is 3 by 3 meter,although these

S dimensions can vary slightly without affecting the function of the
room.
FUNCTION The function of a doctor’s clinic is highly dependant on the nature of

the work ,number of patients
in a day ,medical equipment .Different specialisation has different
medical equipments like dentists.
VENTILATIO Improving natural ventilation in hospital waiting and consulting rooms

N to reduce nosocomial tuberculosis transmission risk in a low resource
setting.
https://yourstory.com/2012/05/doctorscabin-allows-you-to-fix-appointments-from-over-200registeredhospitals/amp#:~:
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 18
COLLEGE: ASPA
TYPES OF ICU
● Isolation intensive care unit: Some patients are suffering from a serious disease that may be contagious or may
infect others, so they are kept in special wards with isolation service and treated by special nurses and staff who are
not treating general wards patients.
● Mobile intensive care unit: These are the special kind of ambulances for the patients who need a life support
system or help when transferred from one place to another or one hospital to another. These are also used to bring
patients with critical conditions to hospitals.
● Neonatal intensive care unit: Few patients face complications during the process of birth, and these patients stay
in hospital after the birth. It may be the child or the mother, but few patients face problems and need supports, so
they are kept in this ward until they recover or can be stable to be shifted to the general ward.
● Pediatric intensive care unit: This unit is for sick children who mostly suffer from asthma, influenza, diabetic
ketoacidosis, or some kind of traumatic brain surgery. Most of them are facing life-threatening diseases and are in
critical conditions. All the intensive pediatric cases are treated in this ward. The children with special cardiac
surgeries or having contagious heart disease are also treated here.
● Post-anesthesia care unit: This is the ward where patients are kept for a really short time and the patients who are
too unstable and need special care. These patients are those who are kept here for stabilization following surgery or
anesthesia
.https://www.javatpoint.com/icu-intensive-care-unit
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 19
COLLEGE: ASPA
● Psychiatric intensive care unit: Some patients who may harm themselves or need someone to keep an
eye on them permanently are treated in this ward. These wards are continuously monitored and have a
special staff appointed to take care of these patients.
● Surgical intensive care unit: This is a special kind of ward chosen for the patients who need surgery or are
shifted here after surgery. This ward is looked after by the surgeons and staff selected by them, and this makes
these wards different from other ICUs.
● Trauma intensive care unit: These are the wards specially prepared for patients suffering from some kind of
trauma or major trauma. This ward has a very well-prepared team to handle people suffering from trauma or
any kind of such complications.
What are the types of equipment and facilities In an Intensive Care Unit, there are a number of facilities that
aren't in any other ward of the hospital. There are special ICU wards in every hospital in which there is a nurse for every
1 or 2 patients. Apart from that, every doctor or specialist takes a round of an ICU during their duty period and takes
care if any patients need any help or facing any issue and want support. Except for these, there is some special
equipment in the ICU ward, which are as follow;
● A ventilator This is a special kind of machine that helps as a life support system; it is used for persons who face
difficulty breathing. In this equipment, a tube is placed inside the nose or mouth or through a small cut in the
throat.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 20
COLLEGE: ASPA
HOSPITAL
● Oxygen cylinder
These are used when a patient is not able to breathe by themselves or has a very low level of oxygen inside their
body.
● Suction machines
These machines are used to remove a person's saliva, vomit, mucus, etc., which may increase
infection near the patient's bed and may cause infection.
● Infusion pipes
Infusions pumps are also known as drips. They are helpful to create a flow of medications in the human body.
Besides the above-mentioned equipment, there are many other types of equipment in different hospitals according
to their needs and the disease they treat.
● Monitoring Equipment
There is special monitoring equipment used to monitor some important organ functioning, for example, your
heartbeat or blood pressure or the oxygen rate or levels in the blood.
● Drains and catheters

Drains are used to eliminate any buildup of fluid or blood from the body, and catheters are used to remove the
urine. They are the small thin pipes that are inserted into bladders to drain the pee.
● Painkillers or sedatives
These are used to decrease the pains as many types of equipment in ICU can be uncomfortable for the patients,
and they may need painkillers or sedatives
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM
YEAR : 3 RD YEAR
LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL COLLEGE: ASPA
21
ICU - INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
DEFINITION A unit in a hospital providing intensive care for critically ill or injured patients that
is staffed by specially trained medical personnel and has equipment that allows
for continuous monitoring and life support
LUMEN VALUE NEAR BEDS: 100-200LX illumination per 1m.

CHECKING AREA :500 - 1000LX illumination per 1m.
DIMENSIONS Patient area – in adult ICUs at least 20 m2 of floor area is required for each
bedspace in an open area exclusive of service areas and circulation space.
Single rooms should be at least 25 m2 . Paediatric ICUs may use less than 20m2
when using cots rather than beds. There must be adequate access to the head
of each bed.
FUNCTION Intensive care units cater to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and
injuries, which require constant care, close supervision from life support
equipment and medication in order to ensure normal bodily functions.
VENTILATION Many ICUs have either no or very few windows. Heating, ventilation and air-
conditioning (HVAC) has a pivotal role in determining infection rates in the
intensive care unit (ICU), apart from its primary purpose of providing
comfortable living and safe environment for the patients, ICU staff and visitors
LOCATION it should be placed in such a way that it is easily accessible for circulation from
emergency, diagnosis,mortuary,observation ward.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 22
COLLEGE: ASPA
MICU
DEFINITION MICU stands for medical intensive care unit,
MICUs handle a wide array of medical
conditions and can treat patients suffering
from lung problems, gastrointestinal
problems, and blood infections.
LUMEN VALUE NEAR BEDS: 100-200LX illumination per 1m.

CHECKING AREA :500 - 1000 LX illumination per
1m.
FUNCTION MICU is a location in the hospital where

critically ill patients receive care. Patients
suffering from lung problems, gastrointestinal
problems, and blood infections etc are
treated .Generally these patients are severely
ill, and require intensive, round-the-clock
care from a highly trained group of doctors,
nurses, and other healthcare professionals.
https://nurse.org/articles/hospital-unit-
acronyms/#:~:text=MICU

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 23
COLLEGE: ASPA
OPERATION THEATER
DEFINITION An operating theater is a facility within a

hospital where surgical operations are
carried out in an aseptic environment.
LUMEN VALUE ILLUMINANCE SHOULD BE BETWEEN

1,60,000 AND 40,000 LUX
FUNCTION The operation theatres are well equipped

with medical gas points, medical gas alarms,
optical fire detectors, equipment mounting,
video connectivity, temperature and
humidity monitoring, sterile and unsterile
zones, bacteriostatic PVC flooring and 24
hour R O water supply.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_theater

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 24
COLLEGE: ASPA
SCRUB ROOM
DEFINITION A place in a hospital next to an operating theatre,
where doctors and nurses get ready for operations
LUMEN VALUE
500 -1000 LUX
FUNCTION The usual practice for surgeon and others

needing scrubbing- up is to change in a
changing/locker room from street clothes
into theatre clothes, waterproof apron and
footwear and proceed to the scrub-up area.
After scrubbing-up, they put on sterile gown,
mask cap and gloves.
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/scrub-room
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 25
COLLEGE: ASPA
ACCESSIBILITY
DRIVE WAY:
Hospital parking contributes to poor patient care and is a common patient problem in many facilities .
Driveway is used by all the vehicles entering the hospital, this leads to the congestion and
hinders ambulance movement.
https://bmjopenquality.bmj.com/content/10/Suppl_1/e001398
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 26
COLLEGE: ASPA
LIFTS :
● A service of lift is used in order to achieve vertical transportation quickly,efficiently and with much less
effort.
● Hospital lifts are designed for transportation of persons and hospital beds together with medical
equipment and personnel, and also emergency lifts.
● They are characterized by accurate minimum cabin dimensions and door width as well as some
functions such as ‘privileged travel’.
● Feature/function: Hydraulic lifts
● Hospital elevators may be preferred as to their variable carrying capacities from 1600 kg to 2000 kg
and their various speeds from 0,40 m/s up to 30m/s.
https://www.bsbasansor.com.tr/en-us/lift-models/hospital-elevators#:~:text=Hospital.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 27
COLLEGE: ASPA
CORRIDORS :
Hospital architecture and planning goes through various stages in which one of the
important factor to be considered is the planning of the width of the hospital corridors for
different departments. Corridors of a hospital play an important role as they not only
connect one department with the another but also act as channels of travel for patients,
staff members, visitors and material. There is a continuous traffic in these pathways for which
their widths should be planned accordingly.
● Generally accessible corridors should be at least
1.50m wide .
● Those in which patients are transported on beds ,
wheelchairs must have a usable width of 2.25m .
DOUBLE CORRIDORS NURSING FLOOR
● Typical double corridor nursing unit which is often utilized in hospital planning.
ADVANTAGES :
❖ it permits greater flexibility in segregation of patients for various medical reasons.

❖ it permits a closer relationship between the patient bedrooms and nursing station and other services reas.
❖ much of the staff activity and particularly conservation can be carried on within the services unit complex ,thus
cutting down noise in the patient corridors.
https://www.techneconhealthcare.com/blogs/hospital-architecture/pathways-and-corridors-in-
hospitals-architecture
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 28
COLLEGE: ASPA
STAIRS
● For safety reasons stairs must be built so that they can accept the entire vertical traffic in case of need.
● They must also be constructed to prevent sound and odour transfer and prevent draughts.
● Stairs must have two sides handrails without free ends on both sides.
● Spiral stairs are not permissible as emergency stairs and their landings must be at least of 1.5m and not more than
2.50m.
● Risers of 17cm are permissible and treads of 30cms are recommended .
● Doors for the stairwells must need to be open in the direction of the escape route.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 29
COLLEGE: ASPA
SERVICES
LAUNDRY SERVICE :-
The aim of Hospital Laundry is to provide adequate supply

of clean Linen for the comfort and safety of the patient and
personal appearance of the personnel. The goal of Linen
and laundry is to provide regular and timely su pply of
clean Linen to the satisfaction of patients and staff.
IMPORTANCE OF HOSPITAL LAUNDRY SERVICE
● Provides psychological satisfaction to patients

● Effective laundry service improves the image of
hospital
● It reduces the incidence of HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
INFECTION [ HAI}
by preventing infected laundry from becoming a
source of infection.
● It facilitates provision of healthcare services .

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 30
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Segregation and Collection of soiled linen
1. All linen after use will be collected in each department / ward and segregated into potentially infective and not
potentially infected. The former will include all linen which has been soiled with body fluids and will be kept
separately.
2. Sluicing / Treatment of soiled / infected linen
a. All infected linen / linen soiled with body fluids will be soaked in 0.5% bleaching solution for 30 mins then
washed with water & detergent to remove bleach before handing over for washing.
b. Handing taking over of linen with the laundry staff. The soiled linen is tied into bundles and an entry made. The
infected linen is accounted and handed over separately. If possible all linen is inspected for tears and damage
at this point to avoid dispute.
3. The linen is washed, dried and ironed by the laundry staff. Infected linen is washed separately. The linen is returned
to the health facility where it is properly taken over and a record made of the same. Repairs will be carried out on
torn linen.
4. Clean linen should be stored in a dry place on racks. Clean linen is transported on a clean trolley.
5. Blankets can be dry cleaned or hand washed. Hand-washing can be done by first soaking for 15 minutes in
lukewarm water. The soap suds are squeezed through the blanket and then rinsed in cold water at least twice. The
blanket should not be twisted or wrung. It should be dried by spreading it on a clean surface.
https://vikaspedia.in/health/sanitation-and-
hygiene/swachhta_abhiyaan_guidelines/laundry-services

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 31
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TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 32
COLLEGE: ASPA
BIO MEDICAL WASTE
Medical waste—usually defined as any potentially infectious material

produced in a healthcare facility—comes in many different types. For
example, a routine checkup may produce sharps waste (like needles) or
“red bag” waste like bandages or surgical gloves.
Proper handling and disposal of the different types of medical waste is

crucial not only for worker safety but also compliance with OSHA
regulations.
DISPOSAL METHODS
Two common methods of disposing of hospital-generated medical waste

include INCINERATION or AUTOCLAVING
Incineration is a process that burns medical waste in a controlled

environment.
Autoclaving utilizes heat in the form of steam to sterilize certain types of

medical waste, effectively killing microorganisms.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 33
COLLEGE: ASPA
The Different Types of Medical Waste
RED BAGS
Red bag medical waste includes all waste that is biohazardous (also known as potentially
infectious). This includes discarded vaccines, items with dried blood or other fluids,
discarded surgical tools, or cytotoxic materials
YELLOW BINS
Yellow and black medical waste bins are both for chemotherapy waste of
different types. Which bin should be used depends on whether the waste is
considered empty under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
standards , 1616
BLACK BINS
Black bins, on the other hand, are designated for chemotherapy medical waste that is not
“RCRA empty.” This includes partially used vials, IV bags and tubing, or discarded personal
protective equipment (PPE) and cleaning materials.
BLUE BINS
Blue bins are used to collect hazardous pharmaceutical waste. Certain

pharmacy products designated hazardous by the RCRA include nicotine, bulk
powders and expired and unused pills.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 34
COLLEGE: ASPA
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 35
COLLEGE: ASPA
TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 36
COLLEGE: ASPA
BULK KITCHEN
Hospitals and healthcare facilities need to produce a large volume of
food and must maintain very strict standards of hygiene, choosing the
right fixtures is extremely important. Prep surfaces should be high
enough to help cooks avoid repetitive stress injuries. Work surfaces
should allow staff to tell at a glance if any spills need cleaning up, as
well as be easy to sanitize.
Wall shelves and storage areas need to be easy to organize,

preferably with separate storage for conventional and allergen-free
ingredients.
One unique problem that healthcare facilities have to

manage is the particular requirements of their guests. Many
patients have specific dietary needs that have to be
addressed. When designing a healthcare facility's kitchen,
it's imperative to set up allergen-safe areas that can
minimize cross-contamination. "PURPLE STATIONS “ contain
their own tools and equipment, allowing cooks to prepare
allergen-free meals without fear of cross-contamination.

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 37
COLLEGE: ASPA
REFERENCES
● https://www.javatpoint.com/icu-intensive-care-unit
● https://www.bfwinc.com/hospital-lighting-standards/
● https://www.cicm.org.au/CICM_Media/CICMSite/CICM-
Website/Resources/Professional%20Documents/IC-1-Minimum-Standards-for-Intensive-Care-
Units.pdf
● https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/endoscopy/
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unit
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoscopy_unit#:~:text=An%20endoscopy%20unit%20refers%20to,d
igestive%20tract%20and%20genitourinary%20system.
● https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1096288309000813
● https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/x-ray/
● https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/xrays
● https://www.raybar.com/shielding-information/radiation-room-types/x-ray-radiology-
radiographic-imaging-rooms

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

YEAR : 3 RD YEAR 38
COLLEGE: ASPA

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GROUP NO.

PHC CENTER :- PHC stands for primary health care the

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

SUPER SPECIALITY HOSPITAL :- TEACHING HOSPITAL:-

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

PHARAMCY BLOOD INTERNAL

HOPITAL FLOW CHART

SERVICE ENTRY FLOW CHART

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

LUMEN VALUE 300 lux illumination per 1m.

DIMENSIONS Room dimensions are typically larger in size from

FUNCTION Computed tomography (CT) scan is a useful

LOCATION not available.

LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL

DEFINITION Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a type of

LUMEN VALUE 300 lux illumination per 1m.

DIMENSIONS The MRI scanner room shall be large enough to

VENTILATION Inside Design Conditions: 70°F - 75°F (21°C - 24°)

FUNCTION Not available..

LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL

DIMENSIONS average lab floor space for research, commercial, and

LOCATION Not available

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

DIMENSIONS A common laboratory module has a width of approximately

VENTILATION Laboratory ventilation, a part of the HVAC system, is the

FUNCTION A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory

DEFINITION An ultrasound scan, sometimes called a sonogram, is a

LUMEN 3OO Lux illumination per 1m.

DIMENSIONS Rooms used for ultrasound examination/ treatment shall have a

VENTILATION Not available

An external ultrasound scan is most often used to examine the

LOCATION Near to gynecologist cabin and fertility centre https://www.nhs.uk/conditio

LUMEN Not available.

FUNCTION An endoscopy unit refers to a dedicated area where medical

VENTILATIO Jet ventilation is useful for a subset of patients undergoing upper

LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL

LUMEN 75-100 lux illumination per 1m.

DIMENSIONS Rooms are typically smaller in size from 3m x 3.6m and up to

FUNCTION X-rays use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to produce

VENTILATION if ventilation is required /exhaust or natural light, must be

LOCATION not available

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

DEFINITION A room where a doctor examines a patient and discusses their

LUMEN 500 lux illumination per meter in exam room.

DIMENSION The optimum size for an exam room is 3 by 3 meter,although these

FUNCTION The function of a doctor’s clinic is highly dependant on the nature of

VENTILATIO Improving natural ventilation in hospital waiting and consulting rooms

LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL

TOPIC: SEM : V SEM

LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON HOSPITAL

SUBJECT : GROUP NO. 3 SIGN: SHEET NO:

LITERATURE AND DATA STUDY ON