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Physics Formulas For JAMB Preparation

Measurements Speed, Velocity and Acceleration Equations of Motion Motion on a curve body
Base SI Units Average speed v = u +at Angular velocity
Kg = SI unit for mass- kilogram s = Δd
Δt
x = ut + 1/2at​2 ω = θt
m = SI unit for length - meter ​Average velocity v​2 ​= u​2 ​+ 2ax Where:
s = SI unit for time - second v = ΔX S=( v+u ω= rate of change of angular
Δt 2 )t
A = SI unit for current - ampere Acceleration displacement
Where:
mol = SI unit for amount of substance - molar a = Δv θ =length of angular displacement
Δt u = initial velocity
Where: v = final velocity t= time
Number prefix
Δ d is the total distance travelled (area under t = time
n(10​-9​) nano
-6​
speed-time graph) a = acceleration
u(10​ ) micro Δ x is the total displacement
-3​
m(10​ ) milli x = displacement
Δ t is the total time taken
-2​
c(10​ ) centi Δ v is the change in velocity
d(10​-1​) deci Velocity ( slope of displacement time graph)
3​
K(10​ ) kilo Acceleration (slope of velocity time graph)
6​
M(10​ ) mega
Acceleration of a body moving in a circle Projectile motion Work energy and power Force and Momentum

​Angular acceleration ​Time of flight ​Work F = ma

a = rα T = 2t = 2usinθ/g W = F s cos Where: F = force, m = mass and
1 2
​Centripetal acceleration ​Maximum height H(max) E​k =
​ 2 Mv​ a = acceleration.
ac = ω​2​r or v​2​/r H​max​ = u​2​sinθ/2g 𝜟E​p​ = mg𝜟h Resultant force​= F1 + F2 = F3...
​Centripetal force Range R When all three forces are acting
Δw
R = u​2​/g Power(P) =
mv​2​/r Δt On a body in the same direction.
Where: P =Fv
Where: Then resultant force(FR) =
θ = angle given
r = radius usef ul output power FR = F1 + F2
g = acceleration due to gravity Efficiency = input power
α = change in angular velocity ​Momentum
= 9.8ms​-2 F = Ma
Δ(mv) This is the measurement of mass
u = initial velocity F = Δt
Where: In motion and is given by
mv = momentum 𝛒 = m.v
Impulse 𝜟ft =𝜟(mv) 𝜟𝛒 = m x 𝜟v m = mass
v = velocity
Impulse
Impulse is given by F𝜟T= M 𝜟 v
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Electricity Waves and Light Mirror formula The +/- sign conventions
1 1
​Current (I) and Potential Difference(P.d) General wave equation f
= do + di1 F is + if the mirror is concave
ΔQ
I = Δt y= asin(𝛚t +/-𝛟)
V= W Q
hi
M = ho di
= - do F is - if the mirror is convex
R= VI Wave speed c = λf
Resistivity F = radius d​i is
​ + if the image is real
2
𝛒= RA c = 3.00 × 10​8 ​m/s
L
​Resistors in series Relationship between period T and frequency d​i is - if the image is virtual &
Where: ​

R​T​=R​1​+R​2​+R​3​+............. F , T= formed behind the mirror

1 F = focal length
​Resistors in parallel f and vice versa d​o = ​ object distance
h​i​ is + if the image is upright
√
1 1 1 1 1 T
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 …. First harmonic f = 2l d​i ​= image distance
h​o = ​ object height
​Power h​ h​i​ is - if the image is inverted and
i ​ image height
=
c
Refractive index of a substance s, n = cs therefore also real.
IV = I​2​R = ​V2​ M = magnification
R For two different substances of refractive
​Emf indices n​1​ and n​2
𝛆 = QE = I(R+r)
Law of refraction n​1​sin𝛉​1​= n​2​sin𝛉​2

n2
Critical angle sin𝛉​c​ = n1 for n​1​>n​2
Medical physics Gravitational Fields Magnetic Fields Nuclear Physics
P = 1f ​Force between two masses ​Force on a current Inverse square law of gamma 𝜸
Where P = power F = Gm1m2
r2 F= BIL
f = focal length where ​Force on a moving charge Radiation 1= k/x​2
m​1​= mass 1 F= BQv
N
Magnification m = uv m​2​= mass 2 Magnetic flux 𝞍 = BA Radioactive decay t = -𝜆N
1 1 1 r= radius Alternating current Irms = I​0 N = N​0​e​-𝜆t
f = u + u u=object distance, v= image
√2
distance.This is called the lens equation F
Gravitational field strength g = m Vrms= V​0 Activity A = 𝜆N
Threshold of hearing I​0 ​= 1.0 x 10​-12​
Wm​-2 √2
Magnitude of gravitational field strength in a Transformer equations Half life T​1/2​ = In2
λ
Intensity level 10log(I/I​0​) radial field g = GM
r2
Ns
Np
= VV ps = Ip
Is
Nuclear radius R= R​0​A​1/3
Work done = 𝜟W= m𝜟V IsV s
efficiency= IpV
Gm p Energy mass equation E= mc​2
Gravitational potential V = - r

g = - ΔV
Δr
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Machines and Materials Thermal physics Simple harmonic motion Electric fields and capacitors
Machines ​Energy to change temperature acceleration Force between two points
Q = mc𝜟𝛉 a= -w​2​x charges
Input work = effort x distance effort moved Q1Q2
where: F= 41 . r2
Output work = Load x distance load moved Q = quantity of heat, m = mass of substance Displacement
c = specific heat capacity, 𝛉 =temperature. x = Acos(𝛚t) Force on a charge F =EQ
Mechanical advantage (MA) = efload
f ort ​Energy to change state
distance moved by ef f ort Q = mL Speed Field strength for a uniform field
Velocity ratio (VR) = distance moved by load Q = quantity of heat, m = mass, L = latent heat v​2 ​= +/-𝛚 A​2​- x 2 V
d
​Gas law
Efficiency
energy output
X 100 pV= nRT Maximum speed Work done 𝜟W= Q𝜟V
energy input
where: v​max ​= 𝟂A
Also we can see that P = pressure of gas, v = volume, n = number Electric potential V= 1
.
Q
4 r
mechanical advantage of moles, R= gas constant = Maximum acceleration
Efficiency = velocity ratio X 100
0.0821litre.atm/mol.K , T= temperature. a​max​ = 𝟂​2​A Field strength E = ΔE
Δr

Pv = NkT For a mass spring system Capacitance C =

Q
For a hydraulic press Where: m V

Mechanical advantage = LOAD

EF F ORT
N= number of particles
T = 2𝛑
√ k
Energy stored in a capacitor
k= Boltzmann’s constant = 1.382 × 10​−23​J/K
area of piston 1 For a simple pendulum E = 21 QV= 21 CV​ =
​ 1 2​
2 .Q​ /c
Velocity ratio = area of piston 2
l
Kinetic theory model
pV = 31 Nm(C​rms​)​2
T = 2𝛑
√ g

Materials Where:

​ p = gas pressure, v = gas volume, N = number

Density
M ass(M )
𝛒 = V olume(v) of molecules, m = mass of each molecule, C

square = mean square speed of the gas

​Hooke’s law
F= k𝜟L molecule
tensile stress
Young modulus = tensile strain Kinetic energy of gas molecule 21 m(Crms)​2
Tensile stress = FA
= 23 k T= 2N
3Rt
Tensile strain = LL A

​Energy stored
E= 21 F𝜟L