Introduction to

Database Concepts
What is Data?
 Data
- is a basic facts concerning people, objects,
events or other entities that serves as a
systems raw material.
 Data needs to be processed before it can
be turned into something useful that is
called Information.
 Example of Data
• A persons name, age, gender, address, birth
date and etc.
What is Data Processing?
 Data Processing
• A varied Activities or Processes that needs
to be perform to convert data into useful
form called information.
 DATA PROCESSING

DATA SYSTEM INFORMATION

BASIC FORM USEFULL FORM
SYSTEMS RAW MATERIAL(INPUT) (DATA MANIPULATION) SYSTEMS PRODUCT(OUTPUT)
VALIDATION
EDITING
SORTING
CATEGORIZING
SUMMARIZING
 Data Processing is a Cycle

People
Source

Data Input
Distribution
Reuse
System Processes

Information
Output
 Steps to convert
data into Information
1. Acquisition – the data’s are collected & gathered.

2. Storage – the data’s are kept in a repository called database.

3. Manipulation – the data’s are manipulated or processed,

data’s becomes information.

4. Retrieval – the useful data’s are restore from the storage.

5. Distribution – the information are going to distribute to the

users for them to use.
What is Information?
 Information
• Is a sets of data that has been processed
in such a way as to be interpret &
meaningful to the person who receives it.
How information becomes useful?
Information to become useful depends on the
following:

1. Relevance
2. Reliability
3. Completeness
4. Understandability
5. Verifiability
6. Accessibility
1. ) Relevance

- Information must have significance or it must

have a purpose.
2.) Reliability

- Information must have a source.

- Free from errors or bias, faithfully portrays

events & activities.
3.) Completeness

- Information must be detailed.

- Information does not leave out anything that is

important.
4.) Understandability

- Information must be presented in a matter

that the users can comprehend & use.
5.) Verifiability

- A consensus notion

- The nature of the information is such that

different people would tend to produce the same
result.
6.) Accessibility

- People can get to it when they need it & in

a format they can use.
What is Database ?
 DATABASE
• A large repository of data & a shared
collection of logically data.

• designed to meet the information needs of

an organization.
 Types of Databases:

• Operational database

• Managerial database

• Strategic database
 Operational database
• it is used to support the ongoing daily
transactions of the organization. (operations)
 Managerial database
• are used by middle managers for planning
and control. (management)
 Strategic database
• are used by senior managers to develop corporate
strategies & seek competitive advantage. (Decision
making)
What is DBMS?
 DBMS
Stands for

• Database Management System

 DBMS
is a software that enables users to define, create
& maintain the database & which provides
controlled access to this database.

e.g. MSACESS, MYSQL and ORACLE.

• DBMS allows users to define the database, usually
through a Data Definition Language (DDL).

• The DDL allows users to specify the data types &

structures, & the constraints on the to be stored in
the database.
• DBMS allows users to insert, update, delete &
retrieve data from the database, usually through a
Data Manipulation Language (DML).
 Database Provides
– A secure system, which prevents unauthorized
users from accessing database.
 Database Provides
– An integrity system, which maintains the
consistency of stored data.
 Database Provides
– A concurrency control system, which allows
shared access of the database.
 Database Provides
• A recovery control system, which restores the
database to a previous consistent state following a
hardware and software failure.
To be continued…
 Discussion Continued

Database Concepts
What are the 5 Components of
DBMS?
 5 Components of DBMS
• Hardware

• Software

• Data

• Procedures

• People
Hardware

• The hardware can range from a single computer

to a single mainframe, to a network of computers.

• The particular hardware depends on the

organizations requirements and the DBMS used.
 DMBS requires a minimum amount of main
memory & disk space to run,

but this minimum configuration may not

necessarily give acceptable performance.
Software

The software component comprises the DBMS

software itself, together with Operating Systems,

including Network Software if the DBMS is being

used over a network & the Application Programs.
Data

The most important component of the DBMS.

The database contains the operational data &

the metadata--the ‘data about data’;

the structure of the database is called the schema.

Procedures

Refers to the instructions & rules that govern the

design & use of the database.

Users of the system & the staff that manage the

database require documented procedures on how
to use or run the system.
People

The final component is the people involved with the system,

simply the end users.

 2 Types of End-Users

- Naïve Users -> Only know how to use Database

- Sophisticated Users -> Know how to use and create

Database
What are the 7 Components of
Database Environment?
 7 Components of Database
Environment
• Data Administrator

• Database

• Database Management System

• System Developers

• CASE Tools

• Application Programs

• End Users
Data Administrator

– A person who are responsible for designing

database.

- for developing policies regarding database

security & integrity.
Database

– storage that contains the data.

Database Management System (DBMS)

– commercial software system used to create &

provide access to the database & also to the
repository.

e.g. MS Access, MySQL, MSSQL, ORACLE

System Developers

– people such as system analysts & programmers

who design application programs.
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE Tools)

– automated tools used to design databases & application

programs.

e.g. Computer Programming languages: JAVA, C++, Visual

Basic
Application Programs

– computer programs that are used to create and

maintain the database & provide information to
users.
End Users

– persons through the organization who add, delete,

and modify data in the database

and who request or receive information from the

database.
 SUMMARY
What we have learned so far:

• The meaning of data and information.

• The concepts of data processing.

• The meaning of database and its types.

• The 5 components of DBMS.

• The 7 components of Database Environment.

END OF PRESENTATION

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