EARTH SCIENCE
Energy
LESSON 1:
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
EARTH THAT ARE NECESSARY
TO SUPPORT LIFE:
EARTH
Is the only planet known to cater life form.
TWO REQUIREMENTS FOR
PLANETARY HABITABILITY:
1.The star should survive long enough for
its planets to develop life.
2.The planet should exist in a region where
water would remain liquid.
 Must be located in Goldilocks zone.
 The Goldilocks Zone is a region around a
star where the amount of heat and solar
energy received just enough to make the
temperature neither too hot nor too cold.
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Temperature
- It affects the speed at which atoms, molecules or
organisms move. The low temperature slows down
chemical reactions and produces ice making liquid
water unavailable. High temperatures can cause
degradation of important biological molecules.
2. Water
– one of the important ingredients in the biological
process. The absence of this will interfere with the
reactions necessary for life. However, a solid form of
will also prevent living organisms from using it.
Water on Earth has different shapes. It is solid (ice)
in the 2 poles and liquid along the equator allowing
living organisms to consume it.
3. Atmosphere
– The atmosphere also supplies chemicals necessary
for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The
Earth is a good size and a good distance from the
sun, which allows it to have a good amount of
atmosphere.
4.
- The Earth has energy-rich sunlight to support life.
Living organisms such as plants and photosynthetic
bacteria use light as the source of their energy. Some
chemosynthetic organisms depend on chemical
energy to support various biological processes.
5. Nutrients
- It is an essential factor used to build and
maintain the body structure of the organism.
Insufficient or missing nutrients can hinder the
synthesis of different biological molecules. On
Earth, there are processes that recycle nutrients.
The cycles of water, carbon and oxygen,
phosphate and nitrogen are some examples.
Volcanism also helps to recycle nutrients
5 Layers of Earth:
Crust
Mohorovic Discontinuity
Mantle
Lehmann Bullen Discontinuity
Core (inner & outer)
REMEMBER
Key Terms
 Goldilocks Zone: a region around a star
where the amount of heat and solar energy
received is just enough to make the
temperature neither to hot or too cold.
 Inner Planet: a planet whose orbit lies
within the asteroid belt (Mercury, Venus,
Earth, or Mars.)
 Outer Planet: planet that resides in the
outer part of the solar system past the orbits
of Mars and the asteroid belt.
 Habitable: suitable or good enough to live
in.
 Ozone layer: a layer in the earth’s
stratosphere at an atltitude of about 6.2
miles (10 km) containing a high
concentration of ozone, which absorbs most
of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the
earth from the sun
EARTH SCIENCE
LESSON 2:
EARTH’S SUBSYSTEM:
BRIEF DISCUSSION:
The planet includes all physical and living elements
on its surface. All these elements are interconnected
and form a complex whole. They mix with each
other within a defined limit. So our planet has an
integrated but complex social-environmental
system. The biophysical components of the Earth
system are often referred to as spheres and are
divided into four: geosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere and biosphere. These four regulate
various functions on Earth, such as the climate
system, ecological services generated by the living
biosphere, including food production, and natural
resources such as fossil fuels and minerals.
EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS:
 Geosphere
It makes the solid portion of the Earth, its
structure and land.
4. Energy
- The Earth has energy-rich sunlight to support life.
Living organisms such as plants and photosynthetic
bacteria use light as the source of their energy. Some
chemosynthetic organisms depend on chemical
energy to support various biological processes.
5. Nutrients
- It is an essential factor used to build and
maintain the body structure of the organism.
Insufficient or missing nutrients can hinder the
synthesis of different biological molecules. On
Earth, there are processes that recycle nutrients.
The cycles of water, carbon and oxygen,
phosphate and nitrogen are some examples.
Volcanism also helps to recycle nutrients
5 Layers of Earth:
Crust
Mohorovic Discontinuity
Mantle
Lehmann Bullen Discontinuity
Core (inner & outer)

REMEMBER
CHARACTERISTICS: Key Terms

1. Temperature  Goldilocks Zone: text

- It affects the speed at which atoms, molecules or

organisms move. The low temperature slows down
chemical reactions and produces ice making liquid
water unavailable. High temperatures can cause
degradation of important biological molecules.
2. Water
– one of the important ingredients in the biological
process. The absence of this will interfere with the
reactions necessary for life. However, a solid form of
will also prevent living organisms from using it.
Water on Earth has different shapes. It is solid (ice)
in the 2 poles and liquid along the equator allowing
living organisms to consume it.
3. Atmosphere
– The atmosphere also supplies chemicals necessary
for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The
Earth is a good size and a good distance from the
sun, which allows it to have a good amount of
atmosphere.
EARTH SCIENCE
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EARTH THAT ARE NECESSARY
TO SUPPORT LIFE:
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EARTH
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