Examination number…………………………………..........

NACTE Registration number………………………

DECCA COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES (DECOHAS)

BASIC TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATE IN CLINICAL MEDICINE

(NTA LEVEL 4)
SEMESTER II
CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT TEST ONE
MODULE CODE: 04209
MODULE NAME: CLINICAL LABORATORY

TIME: 2:00 HOURS DATE: November 2020

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Read the questions carefully
2. Write your examination number and NACTE registration number on each page of the
answer sheets.
3. Cellular phones and unauthorized materials are NOT allowed in the examination room.
4. This paper consists of five (5) sections with a total of sixteen (16) questions.
5. Attempt ALL questions.
6. The responses should be written in the spaces provided as instructed on each section.
7. Each essay question to be answered on NOT more than two (2) hand written pages.
8. No additional answer sheet will be provided.
9. Failure to follow instructions will lead to loss of marks.

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

SECTION TYPE OF QUESTIONS ALLOCATED SCORED INITIAL INITIAL
MARKS MARKS SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
OF MARKER OF VERIFIER
A MULTIPLE CHOICE 10

B MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE 10

C MATCHING 10

D SHORT ANSWER 40

E GUIDED ESSAY 30

TOTAL 100

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 1
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:
 This section consists of Ten (10) items.
 One (1) mark will be awarded for each correct answer.
 Responses with SMALL letter will NOT be awarded any mark.

1. Answer item one (i) to ten (x) by choosing the letter of the most correct answer and write it in
the box provided using CAPITAL letter
i. Which one of the following laboratory ware is used for pouring liquids into narrow-mouthed
containers and for supporting filter papers during filtration?
A. Flask
B. Tube
C. Pipette
D. Funnel
E. Measuring Cylinder
ii. Which one of the following laboratory ware is used for carrying out different laboratory tests,
while centrifuge tubes are used in the sedimentation of substances?
A. Tube
B. Flask
C. Funnel
D. Pipette
E. Measuring Cylinder
iii. Which of the following laboratory ware is used for measuring liquids?
A. Tube
B. Flask
C. Funnel
D. Pipette
E. Measuring cylinder
iv. Which one of the following laboratory ware is used for titrations, and also for boiling
solutions when it is necessary to keep evaporation to a minimum?
A. Tube
B. Flask
C. Funnel
D. Pipette
E. Measuring cylinder
v. Which of the following laboratory equipment is used to hasten the sedimentation of suspended
particles in liquids such as urine?
A. Colorimeter
B. Microscope
C. Weighing scale
D. Autoclave machine
E. Centrifuge machine

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 2
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

vi. Which one of the following laboratory equipment is used to measure the acidity and alkalinity
of a solution?
A. Ph meter
B. Microscope
C. Colorimeter
D. Weighing scale
E. Autoclave machine
vii. Which of the following is used to holds the objective lens and is rotated to select the required
objective lens?
A. Body Tube
B. Iris diaphragm
C. Arm or Handle
D. Revolving nosepiece
E. Mechanical Stage Control
viii. The practice of aseptic techniques was developed after by Dr. John Lister discovered in?
A. 1865
B. 1866
C. 1867
D. 1868
E. 1869
ix. Which one of the following is the process by which the medium to be sterilized is heated
at1000C for three consecutive days for 30 minutes …………………………
A. Pasteurization
B. Tyndallization
C. Moist Heat Sterilization Methods
D. Steam at Atmospheric Pressure (100oC)
E. Autoclaving/Steam under Pressure (Temperature above 100oC)
x. Which of the following vein lies over the cubital fossa and serves as an anastomosis between
the cephalic and basilic vein and it is common for venipuncture?
A. Basilic
B. Cephalic
C. Median cubital
D. Basilic and cephalic
E. Cephalic and median cubital

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 3
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:
 This section consists of Four (4) questions with five (5) options each
 Write the word “TRUE’’ for a correct statement and the word “FALSE’’ for incorrect
statement in the space provided after each option.
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters.
 Half (½) a mark will be awarded for each correct response.
 Responses with letters ‘T’ and ‘F’ will not be awarded any mark.
 There will be a penalty of half (½) of allocated marks for responses with small letters.

2. Regarding the standard safety precautions when drawing blood.

i. Put on new gloves before collecting blood TRUE

ii. Keep work area organized, clean, and disinfected TRUE
iii. If blood is spilled, mop and disinfect area immediately TRUE
iv. Wash hands before taking a sample from each patient only FALSE
v. Consider few person (patient or staff) as potentially infectious and FALSE
susceptible to infection
3. Concerning the instructions given to the patients for collections of stool samples.

i. Do not allow any water to mix with the specimen TRUE

ii. Wash your hands before beginning the procedure. TRUE
iii. Do not urinate on the specimen or into the collection vial. TRUE
iv. Do pass the specimen into the toilet and then use spoon to collect FALSE
the sample
v. Do pass the specimen directly into the collection vial and then FALSE
collect it by used spoon.
4. Concerning a macroscopic examination reports the physical appearance of a specimen.

i. Normal Stool appears brownish due to the presence of TRUE

stercobilinogen. Stool from infants appear yellow brown or yellow
green.
ii. Pale coloured stool is due to the absence of stercobilinogen as a TRUE
result of obstructive jaundice, abnormal fat absorption in the
intestine as that occurs during Giardiasis
iii. Brown/Black Stool can be a result of iron therapy, gastro TRUE
intestinal bleeding or hookworm infection
iv. Consistency of Stool: normal stool usually well unformed, FALSE
semiformed/watery stool
v. Mucus: Usually due to Entamoeba histolytica, tumour, dysentery TRUE
or bacterial infection.
5. Regarding Instructions that are given to the patient to collect Mid-stream urine sample.

i. Wash genital area TRUE

ii. Finish urinating without collecting TRUE
iii. Begin to urinate without collecting urine TRUE
iv. Cover the container with its lid and send it to the clinician TRUE
v. After a few ml have passed, collect urine in container (10-20 ml if TRUE
possible)
CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 4
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEM QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Instructions:
 This section consists of One (1) question with Two (2) parts of matching each having five (5)
options each.
 Match the items from column B with those in column A by writing the letter of correct response
in the table provided after each question. USE CAPITAL LETTERS.
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark.
 Each item from column B is used only once.

6. (A) Match the materials for the blood collection procedure from column B with their respective
functions in Column A
COLUMN A (Functions) COLUMN B (Materials)
i. Used to protect the patient from cross A. Gloves
contamination
ii. Used to clean the collection site before B. Marker pen
sample collection
iii. Used to dispose all the materials used C. Register book
in the procedure
iv. Used to documents patients information D. Request form
within the laboratory
v. Used to documents patients E. Glass slides
demographics
F. Waste disposal container
G. Antiseptics
H. Sterile gauze

COLUMN A i. ii. iii. iv. v.

COLUMN B A G F C D
6. (B) Match Appearance of Urine from column B with their respective Possible Cause in Column
A
COLUMN A (Causes) COLUMN B (Appearances)
i. Bancroftion Filiraiasis A. Cloudy
ii. Urinary tract infection (UTI) B. Yellow/green/brown
iii. UTI, Schistosomiasis C. Silvery shine or milky
iv. Black water fever D. Black
v. Pus, bacteria or epithelial cells E. Brown and cloudy
F. Milky white
G. Red
H. Red and Cloudy

COLUMN A i. ii. iii. iv. v.

COLUMN B F A H E C

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 5
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

Instructions:
 This section consists of Eight (8) questions.
 Write your answers in the space provided on each question.
 Write a readable handwrite: DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED.
7. Mention five (5) materials that are used in Microscopic Examination of Urine (5 Marks)
i. Glass slide
ii. Cover slip
iii. Pasteur pipette
iv. Centrifuge machine
v. Centrifuge tubes
vi. Microscope

8. Pinpoint five( 5) components that are found in urine deposits (5 Marks)

i. White blood cells (WBC) (pus cells)
ii. Red blood cells (RBC)
iii. Epithelial cells
iv. Microorganisms such as bacterias, fungi, protozoans and helminthes
v. Casts such as Hyaline casts, Cellular casts (WBC, RBC, epithelial) and Granular casts
vi. Crystals such as calcium oxalate crystals and triple phosphate crystals

9. Outline five (5) specimens that are collected by swabs (5 Marks)

i. Conjunctival discharge
ii. Urethral discharge
iii. Vaginal discharge
iv. Rectal swab
v. Pus discharge from different body sites

10. Mention five (5) errors to be checked before the samples leave the site of collection.
(5 Marks)
i. Are sample tubes labelled correctly?
ii. Are the forms completed correctly?
iii. Is there a form for every sample?
iv. Is there a sample for every form?
v. Does the information on the form match that of the corresponding sample?

11. Mention five (5) laboratory Safety Rules. (5 Marks)

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 6
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

i. Wear a protective laboratory coat at all times when you are in the laboratory
ii. Do not go out of the laboratory and health facility hospital wearing the laboratory coat
iii. Wear protective gloves while collecting and processing specimens
iv. Do not drink, eat or smoke in the laboratory
v. Do not allow unauthorized visitors to enter the laboratory
vi. Wash hands with antiseptic after handling specimens and before leaving the laboratory
vii. Read the label and instructions carefully for any chemicals that you use
viii. Label everything you use (container, slide, etc.) specifying its content and date of
preparation, and expiry date if known
ix. Disinfect working area immediately when specimens are spilled
x. All materials must be made non-infectious before being discarded or washed
xi. Collect sharp materials (syringes, needles, broken glass) separately in a suitable container
xii. Do not sit on the working bench

12. Pinpoint five (5) chemicals which are carcinogenic. (5 Marks)

i. Benzidine
ii. Nitrosamines
iii. Nitrosophenols
iv. Selenite
v. O-dianosidine

13. Outline five (5) patients demographics that can be found in the request form (5 Marks)
i. Patient name
ii. Patients address
iii. Gender (sex)
iv. Hospital registration number
v. Date of birth
vi. Type of sample collected
vii. Date and time of sample collection

14. Mention five (5) steps to follow during collection of rectal swab (5 Marks)
i. Prepare the patient
ii. Take a dry sterile swab
iii. Insert one inch into the anus
iv. Put it into a transport media (Cary Blair transport media)
v. Send to the laboratory for investigation

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS 30 MARKS

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 7
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

Instructions:
 This section consists of Two (2) questions which are supposed to be answered in a narrative way
 Bulleting and numbering is NOT ALLOWED.
 Write your answers on the Answer sheets provided.
 Each question should start on a new page.

15. Describe seven (7) Don’ts of microscope care.

Introduction 1 Mark
A microscope is a piece of optic equipment that aides in the visualization of invisible objects
that would otherwise be invisible to the ‘naked eye.’
Main body 14 Marks
 Don't use the tissue or cloth used for the oil immersion objective to clean the oculars
 Don't use alcohol to clean painted surfaces of the microscope (body work)
 Don’t use Xylene to clean the objective lens, as it erodes the cement that is used to fix
the lens on to the holder
 Don't dismantle or try to clean parts of the microscope that are difficult to reach unless
you have been trained to do so
 Don't leave the lens ports empty; use the appropriate cover or some sticking plaster to
cover the empty port
 Don't exchange lenses from microscopes of different manufacture; even some models by
the same manufacturer have different specification
 Don’t place the microscope at the edge of the bench
 Don’t place the microscope on the same bench as the centrifuge machine

CMT 04209: Theory Question Paper for Continuous Assessment Test One, DECOHAS, November 2020 Page 8
Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………

16. Explain seven (7) steps in wearing gloves

Introduction 1 Mark
Aseptic techniques are procedures that are practiced in a clinic/hospital setting (including
the laboratory) to protect patients and the staff from being infected with pathogenic micro-
organisms and to prevent the contamination of people and their working environment in
general.
Main body 14 Marks
 Always put gloves on clean, washed hands
 Remove all jewelry (rings, etc.) from hands
 Take a pair of clean gloves from the box
 Check to see if there is any tear or breaks
 Put on gloves according to the corresponding hand
 Remove gloves by grasping the cuff and turning each glove inside-out as you remove it.
(Be careful not to touch the outside surface of your glove with bare hands.)
 Dispose of gloves in a proper receptacle.
 Wash hands immediately after taking off the gloves

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 Examination number………………………………….......... NACTE Registration number………………………
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