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An Overview of Sikh Raj in Hazara
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Abstract
The Current research work describes a brief history of the Sikh
rulers in Hazara. It is eastern part of present-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
having a long historical background. In the wake of Durrani dynasty,
Hazara came under the suzerainty of the Sikh empire which was
mainly operated from Lahore Darbar. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, by
considering this piece of land as a significant area in order to access
Kashmir, used to appoint his most reliable persons to govern it.
Although Sikhs have ruled Hazara more than thirty years, however,
most of the rulers never treated the local Muslim inhabitants as equal
citizens. The present study strives to analyze that how harsh and rude
behaviour of the Sikh elites have created a sense of deprivation,
mistrust and anger among the local people due to which this land of
diverse culture and nationalities proved a difficult task for them to be
handled. Main objective of this paper is to analyze the nature of
relationship between Sikh elite and the local Muslim Community which
has often remained edgy and contradictory. The research has mainly
been conducted through primary and secondary sources including
e-books, journals and historical documents from archives and libraries
etc. The study has not only tried to bring out the forgotten Sikh
characters into life but also analyzed the situation where they couldn't
win the hearts and minds of the local people.

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movement, which was at the same time religious, military and
political". ( 24)

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"Although, Jihad movement of Syed Ahmed Shah Shaheed was a
sincere effort for the restoration of Islamic glory in the Sub-Continent
yet, it could not achieved its immediate objectives due to various
factors, lack of fund, equipments and proper training of
Mujahideens". ( 26)

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"There was a great disparity in respect of training and equipment
between the opposing forces. The Mujahideen were poorly equiped
and without military training; lack of funds was another cause of the
failure of the Jihad compaign, while Ranjit Singh did not depend
entirely upon his army to face the challenge of the Mujahideens. He
Y 2020yŽ D~g†ÔyÎ 0* C _________________________________________
Äpzõg @* 78
sowed the seeds of dissension among the Pathan Chiefs by bribery
and intrigue to withdraw their support from Syed Ahmed". ( 27)

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1. Vanit Nalwa, Champions of Sikh Khalso Ji (1791-1837) (New Delhi:
Ajay Kumar Mancher Publishers, 2009). pp. 77-105.
2. Ibid.
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6. H.D Watson, Hazara Gazetteer 1907 (London: Chatto & Windus
Publishers, 1908) pp. 250-90.
7. Ibid.
8. Auter Singh Sandhu, General Hari Singh Nalwa 1791-1837 (Lahore:
Cunningham Historical Society, 1935), pp. 60-80.
9. Ibid.
10. Hari Ram Gupta, History of Sikhs, Vol.5, (Delhi: Munshiram
Publishers, 2008). pp. 142-58.
11. Watson, Hazara Gazetteer 1907, p. 292.
12. Gupta, History of Sikhs, p. 149.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid, p.150.
15. Syed Saqib Hussain, "Smadhi of Amar Singh Majitha: A Whisper of
by gone days". Frontier Post, Sep 13, 2015.
16. H.D Watson, Commencement of Sikh Rule the Hazara District
(London: Chatto & Windus Publisher: 1907), pp. 125-129.
17. Syed Saqib Hussain, "Smadhi of Amar Singh Majitha: A Whisper of
By Gone Days". Frontier Post, Sep 13, 2015.
18. H.D Watson, Commencement of Sikh Rule, pp. 125-129.
19. Sandhu, General Hari Singh Nalwa, pp. 80-90.
20. Ibid.
21. Gupta, History of Sikhs, p. 50-54.
22. Sultan Mehmood, Nasiruddin, Mohammad Rizwan, "Struggle for
Islamic State & Society: An Analysis of Syed Ahmad Shaheed's Jihad
Movement", Pakistan Annual Research Journal. Vol. 50, 2014.
23. Ghulam Rasool Mehr, Syed Ahmed Shaheed (Lahore: Sikh Ghulam
Ali & Sons, n.d) p. 212.
24. Olivier Roy, Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1985) p.57.
25. Muhammad Rizwan, Struggle for Islamic State, pp. 184-85.
26. Ibid.
27. Gupta, History of Sikhs, p. 166.
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28. Gupta, History of Sikhs, p. 60

29. Mohammad Rizwan, Sadaf Butt, Syed Saqib, Hari Singh Nalwa: As
Governor of Hazara (1822-1837) (Abbottabad: Abbottabad
University of Science & Technology, 2019), pp. 5-6.
30. Sandhu, General Hari Singh, p. 95.
31. Ibid.
32. Henry T. Prinsep, Origin of the Sikh Power in the Punjab and
Political of Muha-Raja Runjeet Singh, with an account of Present
Condition, law and customs of the Sikhs, (London: Military Orphan
Press, 1834), pp. 101-150.
33. Gupta, History of Sikhs, p. 65.
34. Watson, Hazara Gazetter, p. 170.
35. Ibid.
36. Gupta, History of Sikhs, p. 58.
37. Ibid.
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40. Nalwa, Champions of Sikh Kalsa Ji, p. 106.
41. Ibid.
42. Prinsep, Origion of the Sikh Power, p. 151.
43. Ibid.
44. Sadaf Butt, Sir James Abbott: Life & Works in Hazara (Abbottabad:
Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, 2018), pp. 33-52.
45. Ibid.
46. Frederick P. Gibbon, The Lawrences of the Punjab (London: J.M.
Dent & Co. 1908), pp. 118-136.
47. Ibid.
48. Watson, Commencement of Sikh Rule in Hazara, pp. 125-29.
49. Ibid.
50. Syed Saqib Hussain, "Colonel Canara: A forgotten Legend of Our
History", Frontier Post, Sep 15, 2011.
51. Charles Gough, Sikh and the Sikh War (London: A.D. Innes & Co.,
1837), pp. 225-250.
52. Sadaf. Sir James Abbott, p. 52.