BBAA-506: Poultry Business Management

BBA-Agribusiness: 6th Semester

Presented To: Sir Asghar Abbas

Presented By: Abdul Rehman
Registration No.: 2018-uam-1125
The term poultry refers to a variety of bird types (from indigenous and
commercial breeds of chickens to ducks, turkeys, quail, pigeons, ostriches) raised
on farms for:
▪ Food,
▪ Eggs, or
▪ Entertainment/Exhibition

Some Features:
Poultry are raised throughout the world, with chickens by far the leading species
everywhere.
Poultry can efficiently converters feed into egg and meat within a short period
of time. Poultry eggs are ranked second after cow milk in terms of nutritive value.
Disease: Any deviation from normal health parameters such as temperature,
respiration, pulse rate, hurt rate, etc.

Diseases are spread by:

▪ Direct contact (bird-to-bird, infected manure)
▪ Indirect contact (contaminated equipment, people, environment)
▪ Vectors (wild animals, rodents, insects)

Poultry birds are susceptible to several types of infectious and/or non-infectious

diseases. Certain diseases have the potential to decimate a region’s poultry industry.
Some Common Poultry Diseases are:

❑ Viral Diseases ❑ Parasitic Disease (External)

▪ Avian Pox ▪ Poultry Mites
▪ Newcastle Disease ▪ Poultry Lice
▪ Infectious Bronchitis Disease ▪ Red Bugs or Harvest Mites
▪ Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro)

❑ Bacterial Disease ❑ Parasitic Diseases (Internal)

▪ Chronic respiratory disease (CRD ▪ Cecal Warms
▪ Fowl Cholera ▪ Tapeworms
▪ Fowl Typhoid
❑ Type: Respiratory Disease (Viral Diseases)

❑ Host: Chickens, Quail Turkeys, Ducks (Migratory Waterfowl), wide variety of

birds

❑ Classification:
Type A influenza viruses are classified according to the severity of illness they
cause:

▪ Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI)

▪ Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI)
Clinical Signs:
▪ Sudden death without clinical signs
▪ Lack of energy and appetite
▪ Decreased egg production and/or soft-shelled eggs
▪ Swelling of the head, eyelids, comb, wattles, and legs
▪ Nasal discharge, coughing, and sneezing

How AI is spread:
▪ Exposure of poultry to wild waterfowl (Direct bird-to-bird Contact)
▪ Movement of people and farm equipment (Contaminated poultry equipment)
▪ Smuggling of poultry and poultry products
Survival Period:
HPAI viruses can remain viable at moderate temperatures for several weeks in
the environment and can survive indefinitely in frozen material. The virus can be
killed by dehydration or sunlight.
Prevention:
▪ House poultry indoors, Avoid all contact with wild and domestic waterfowl
▪ Control cats, rodents, beetles, insects, and other pests
▪ Avoid contact with your flock if working in poultry or swine processing
▪ If you share or borrow equipment, thoroughly clean and disinfect
▪ Seek diagnostic help on unusual deaths
❑ Type: Infectious (Viral Disease)

❑ Host: Almost all bird species

❑ In un-vaccinated poultry flocks, a death rate of almost 100 percent can occur, and
END can cause death even in vaccinated poultry.

Survival Period:
The virus that causes END can survive in a warm and humid environment for
several weeks. This environment could be birds’ feathers, manure, and other
materials. Frozen, the virus can survive for extremely long periods. However, it is
destroyed quickly by dehydration or sunlight.
Clinical Signs:

▪ Sneezing, gasping for air, nasal discharge, coughing

▪ Greenish, watery diarrhea
▪ Depression, drooping wings, twisting of head and
neck, circling, and paralysis
▪ Partial to complete drop in egg production
▪ Production of thin-shelled eggs
▪ Swelling of tissues around the eyes and in the neck
▪ Sudden death and a high death rate in infected flock
Prevention:

The disease can be prevented through vaccination and adaptation of strict bio-
security and quarantine control measures. During the outbreak of disease proper
disposal of dead birds and zoning of the area can help to control the disease in
surrounding flocks.