19.19 In a constant-volume process, dU=nCVdT.

But in a constant-pressure process, it is not true

that dU=nCpdT. Why not?

Q19.20 When a gas surrounded by air is compressed adiabati-cally, its temperature rises even

though there is no heat input to the gas. Where does the energy come from to raise the

temperature?

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Step 1

As the air compresses the gas, the air applies a work done W on the gas where this energy

converts to the gas and increase its internal energy U as no heat transfer (Q=0) according to the

first law of thermodynamics.

Also the change in internal energy ΔU depends on the change in temperature ΔT and as the

internal energy increase by ΔU the temperature increase.

ΔU=nCVΔT

So the increase in the temperature in the adiabatic compression is due to the work done by the air

on the gas.

Result

step 2

The increase in the temperature in the adiabatic compression is due to the work done by the air

on the gas.

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19.2. Six moles of an ideal gas are in a cylinder fitted at one end with a movable piston. The

initial temperature of the gas is 27.0C and the pressure is constant. As part of a machine design

project, calculate the final temperature of the gas after it has done 2.40*103 J of work.
We have to know final temperature of the gas after it has done 2.40 X 10³
Joule of work.
The final temperature is: 75.11 °C.
The work done at constant pressure, W=nR(T₂-T₁)
n= number of moles of gases=6 (Given), R=Molar gas constant, T₂= Final
temperature in Kelvin, T₁= Initial temperature in Kelvin =27°C or 300 K
(Given).
W=2.4 × 10³ Joule (Given)
From the expression,
(T₂-T₁)=

(T₂-T₁)= 
(T₂-T₁)= 48.11
T₂=300+48.11=348.11 K= 75.11 °C
Final temperature is 75.11 °C.