Chemical Engineering Technology 3 (Module 2)

(CHTE312)
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering

Student name Khumalo S.M

Student no 21835279
Assignment Chemical Engineering Module 2
Qualification Chemical Engineering 3
Due date 18 June 2021

1|Page
Table of Contents
Summary...............................................................................................................................................3
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4
Design calculation..................................................................................................................................5
Material Compatibility...........................................................................................................................8
Discussion and Conclusion.....................................................................................................................9
References...........................................................................................................................................10

2|Page
Summary
Isopropyl ether is separated from isopropanol by using the process called extractive
distillation. The extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated sulfur and
nitrogenous containing organic compound or both.
Distinctive specimens of effective agents are,
I. ethylene glycol;
II. dimethylsulfoxide plus propylene glycol;
III. dimethylsulfoxide plus dimethylformamide plus diethylene glycol diethyl ether.

In this innovation it is desired to provide a process of extractive distillation. The process of

extractive distillation will then improve the comparative vitality of isopropyl ether from
isopropanol. The composite and
plan of extractive distillation processes has two steps. The primary
step contains the assortment of one or more candidate solvents, and the
choice of one or more column configurations. The second step, process
design, comprises the search for ideal method parameter standards. The
achievement of the second stage relies on the findings from the first
one because effectiveness in extractive distillation is chiefly determined by
the choice of a proper entrainer and their parting in a rectification column.
Some of the benefits of the extractive distillation is that they can be easily operated,cheaper
and they are environmentally friendly.

3|Page
Introduction

Extractive distillation is the process for separating neighbouring boiling compounds whereby
the distillation is conducted in a multiple rectification column. Liquid mixture is essential for
the process to occur and the liquid present has higher boiling point compared to the
compound being separated which is isopropyl ether. The extractive agent is presented
adjacent to the topmost of the column and runs downward up until it touches the reboiler. The
plates found in the rectification column amends the relation of the vitality of the near boiling
compounds in a path of the parting on each plate is bigger, therefore needs either less plates
to influence the similar split-up or sort conceivable a higher grade of separation with the
identical number of plates.

4|Page
Design calculation

kmol
F=279
hr
x D =0,75

x w =0,05

x f =0,4

The vapour liquid equilibrium was constructed using the mole fractions given in the problem
Statement. An operating line was drawn using the minimum reflux ratio conditions and the
minimum reflux ratio was estimated.

Rm y D− y'
=
Rm +1 x D −x'

Rm 0,75−0,612
=
Rm +1 0,75−0,4
Rm
=0,39
Rm +1
Rm=0,59
From the problem statement we were given a relation which said that the reflux ratio to be used is
1,5 times the minimum reflux ratio. The relation was used to calculate the reflux ratio.

R=1,5 Rm
R=1,5× 0,59
R=0,96
With the reflux ratio being estimated the operating lines were drawn.

Material balance around the distillation column was done in order to estimate the amount of
distillate and waste/bottom streams.

Total Mass Balance

F=D+W
279=D+ W
W =279−D
Component Mass Balance

5|Page
x f F=x D D+ x w W

0,4 × 279=0,75 D+0,05 W

Solving the two equations simultaneously

111,6=0,75 D+ 0,05 ( 279−D )

kmol
D=139,5
hr
W =278−139 ,5
kmol
W =139 ;5
hr
The amount of the vapour flowing in the rectifying section was estimated using the distillate and
reflux ratio.

V =D ( R+1 )
V =139,5 ( 0,96+ 1 )
kmol
V =273,42
hr
Performing the total mass balance on the rectifying section we were able to estimate the amount of
liquid that goes back to the distillation column.

V =L+ D
273,42=L+139,5
kmol
L=133,92
hr
Mass transfer coefficients at three values of x in each section are as follows:

X Kya kxa
Stripping section
0,15 305 1 680
0,25 300 1 760
0,35 335 1 960
Rectifying section
0,45 185 610
0,60 180 670
0,75 165 765

The volume of the stripping and rectifying section were estimated using the following formulas.
y2
Vdy
V R=∫
yf k ya ( y 1 − y )

6|Page
 y2
Vdy
V R=∫
yf k ya ( y 1 − y )

The integrals were evaluated using the numerical integration

y ( y 1− y ) k ya V ∆y V V
k ya ( y 1− y ) (k ya ( y 1− y )
) Ava
∆ y×
(k ya ( y 1 − y)
) Ava

Stripping section
0,18 0,145 307 6,120 0,07 6,0572 0,424
0,25 0,150 303 5,994 0,10 6,1724 0,617
0,35 0,143 300 6,351 0,10 7,3082 0,731
0,45 0,103 320 8,226 0,12 17,1062 2,053
0,57 0,030 350 25,947
Sum 3,82
Rectifying section
0,57 0,030 187 48,563 0,03 46,594 1,398
0,60 0,033 185 44,626 0,05 50,034 2,502
0,65 0,027 182 55,442 0,05 73,509 3,675
0,70 0,017 175 91,576 0,05 128,346 6,417
0,75 0,010 165 165,115
Sum 13,99

∆ y = y 2− y 1

∆ y =0,25−0,18
∆ y =0,07
V 6,120+5,994
( k ya ( y 1− y ) ) Ava
=
2

V
( k ya ( y 1− y )) Ava
=6,057

V
∆ y×
( k ya ( y 1− y ) ) Ava
=6,057 ×0,07

V
∆ y×
( k ya ( y 1− y )) Ava
=0,424

7|Page
 y2
Vdy
V R=∫
yf k ya ( y 1 − y )
y2
Vdy V
∫ k ( y − y ) =∑ ∆ y ×
yf ya 1
( k ya ( y 1 − y ) ) Ava

V R=13,99 m 3

8|Page
Material Compatibility
Disparities in chemical performance throughout handling due to factors such as temperature,
pressure, and concentrations can lead to equipment failure, although it the initial test succeeded.
Long period exposure can harm the human skin, if it contacted the eye you need to wash with
water immediatetly

9|Page
Discussion and Conclusion

An azeotope has been formed right after the light key ( isopropyl ether). According to the
diagram being drawn, the McCabe diagram, the rectifying section is below the equilibrium
line. With the use of this material , there will be a safer packing for the isopropyl ether.
The matters of this discovery are provided by a process for splitting isopropyl ether from
isopropanol and water which requires the use of definite oxygenated organic compounds as
the mediator in extractive distillation.We have learnt that certain oxygenated organic
compounds, some discretely but predominantly as blends, will successfully disprove the
isopropyl ether-isopropanol-water azeotrope and permit the separation of oure isopropyl ether
from isopropanol and water by adaptation when laboring as the agent in extractive
distillation.

10 | P a g e
References
1. Anon., 2015. [Online]
Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com

2. Anon., 2020. [Online]

Available at: https://patents.google.com/patent/US4510022A/en

3. Henly, J. S. a., 2006. Separation Process Principles. Fourth edition ed. U.S.A: s.n.

11 | P a g e