BAB VII

PERENCANAAN TULANGAN BALOK

7.1 KETENTUAN
Perencanaan balok diambil sample perhitungan balok tipe 1 dengan
panjang balok 8 m. Untuk perhitungan balok selanjutnya dilampirkan dalam
bentuk tampilan excel. Adapun ketentuan dari perencanaan tulangan balok adalah:
a. Data Struktur
Lebar Balok = 400 mm
Tinggi Balok = 600 mm
b. Data Material
f'c = 25 MPa
fy = 400 MPa
Beta = 0,85
Es = 200000 Mpa

7.2 HASIL REDISTRIBUSI MOMEN BALOK INDUK

Mu- = 696,2 kNm
Mu+ = 421,52 kNm
Vu- = 382,57 kNm Dari Analisis SAP2000
Vu+ = 382,57 kNm

7.3 DESAIN BALOK INDUK

a. Rasio penulangan (ρb)
0,85 x β x f ' c 600
ρb = x( ) = 0,027
fy 600+fy
ρmax = 0,75*Pb = 0,0203
ρ = 0,5*Pb = 0,0,0135
m = fy/(0,85*f'c) = 18,823
b. Koefisien perlawanan (R1)
R1 = P*fy*(1-(0,5*fy*m)) = 4,7278 MPa

c. Momen nominal (Mn)

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 ¿
Mn = Mu− 0,8 ¿ = 870253250 Nmm

Mn
bd² = = 184069190,9 mm³
R1

bd2 = 678,36 mm
dperlu =
√ b
ds = selimut beton +1/2 Φ tulangan
= 63 mm
d’ = selimut beton + tulangan geser +1/2 Φ tulangan
= 63 mm
d = selimut beton + tulangan geser + tulangan sengkang + (selimut beton/2 )
= 94 mm
hperlu = dperlu + d’ = 741,36 mm
hpakai = hpakai < hbalok = 553 mm
d. Tinggi efektif desak dan tarik
ddesak = h pakai – z = 537 mm
dtarik = h pakai – d’= 506 mm
εc x E x d desak
cb = = 322,2 mm
( εc x E ) fy
amax = 0.75 x β x cb = 205,4 mm
e. Mencari nilai a
Mn = 0,85 x f'c x a x b x (d - 0,5 x a)
870253250 = 8500 a - (d 0,5.a)
870253250 = 4564500 a - 4250 a²
204765.4706 = 1074 a - 1 a²
0 = -204765.4706 + 1074 a -1 a²
a1 = 247.8572508 mm
a2 = 826.1427492 mm
apakai = 247.8572508 mm
f. Perhitungan tulangan desak daerah tumpuan
R2 = γ . R1
= 2,363 Mpa

M1 = R2.b.d2

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 = 435126625 Nmm
M2 = Mn - M1
= 435126625 Nmm
g. Luas tulangan perlu (As’)
As' = M2/(Fy.(d-d'))
= 2294,97 mm²
Diameter tulangan (D) = 22 mm
Luas tulangan (As D) = π/4 . D2
= 380,132 mm²
Jumlah tulangan perlu (n)
n = As'/As
= 6,037
= 6 Tulangan
As ada = n . As
= 1963,4954 mm²
Tulangan desak 6 D 22 → AMAN
Maka digunakan 6 D 22.
h. Perhitungan tulangan tarik daerah tumpuan
Luas tulangan perlu (As)
Ρbaru = γρ
= 0,0067
As = ρbaru.b.dtarik+As'
= 3665,915 mm2
Diameter tulangan (D) = 22 mm
Luas tulangan (As D) = π/4.D2
= 380,132 mm2
Jumlah tulangan perlu (n)
n = As/As D
= 9,643
= 6 Tulangan
As ada = n . As D
= 2280,79 mm2

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 Tulangan Tarik 6 D 22 → AMAN
Maka digunakan 6 D 22.
i. Kontrol momen tersedia (Mg-)
As' ada (desak) = 2280,796 mm2
As ada (tarik) = 2280,796 mm2

Cc = 0,85 . F'c.a. b
= 8500 c
Cs = As ada(desak) . Ɛc . Es (c-d'/c)
= 1368477,76 (c.d'/c)
Ts = As ada(tarik) . Fy
= 912318,5 Mpa
Cc + Cs - Ts =0
-
8500 c+ 1368477.76 (c.d'/c) 912318.5
-
8500 c²+ 1368477.76 c -1.29E+08 912319 c
2
8500 c 456159.2533 c -1.29E+08
-
1 c2 53.66579451 c 15133.75

c1 = 99,078 mm
c2 = -152,744 mm
Pakai c= 99,078 mm
fs' = ɛc . Es (c-d'/c)
= 218,485
Karena Fs' < Fy , maka Fs' = 297,828 Mpa
a = 0,85c
= 84,217 mm

Mg- = (0,85.F'c.a.b(ddesak-a/2)) + (As ada desak.Fs'.ddesak)

0,8Mg- = 497490951.9 Mpa

= 497.4909519 kNm

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 0,8Mg- > Mu-
497.4909519 < 696.2026 AMAN
Kontrol rasio penulangan (ρ)
ρada1 = As ada tarik/b.ddesak
= 0,010618232
ρada2 = As ada desak/b.ddesak
= 0,010618232
ρada1 - ρada2 = 0 < ρmax → Aman
j. Kontrol momen tersedia (Mg+)
As' ada (desak) = 2280,79 mm2
As ada (tarik) = 2280,79 mm2

Cc = 0,85 . F'c.a. b
= 8500 c
Cs = As ada(tarik) . Ɛc . Es (c-d'/c)
= 1368477,76 (c.d'/c)
Ts = As ada(desak) . Fy
= 912318,5 Mpa
Cc + Cs – Ts = 0
8500 c+ 1368477.76 (c.d'/c) -912318.5
-
8500 c²+ 1368477.76 c 30106511 -912319
-
8500 c²+ 456159.2533 c 30106511
c1 = 38,45 mm
c2 = -92,116 mm
Pakai c = 38,45 mm
fs' = ɛc . Es (c-d'/c)
= 866,813
Karena Fs' > Fy , maka Fs' = 400 Mpa
a = 0,85c
= 32,683 mm

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 Mg+ = (0,85.F'c.a.b(dtarik-a/2)) + (As ada dtarik.Fs'.dtarik)
= 597663338 Mpa
0,8Mg+ = 478130670,4 Mpa
= 478,1306704 kNm
0,8Mg+ > Mu+
478,13 > 421,13 → Aman
k. Perhitungan daerah lapangan
1. Kontrol Perencanaan Tulangan
Mn = Mu+/φ
= 526,903875 kNm
= 526903875 Nmm

Cb = (ɛc.Es.ddesak)/(ɛc.Es+Fy)
= 322,5 mm

amax = 0,75.β.Cb
= 205,59375 mm

Mn = 0,85.F'c.a.b.(d-a/2)
228225
526903875 = 4564500 a - 0 a2
230.8703582 = 2 a - 1
-
0 = -230.8704 + a 1 a2
a1 = 460,74 mm
a2 = -458,74 mm
a pakai = 460,74 mm TULANGAN RANGKAP

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2. Perhitungan Tulangan Desak
Luas Tulangan Desak Perlu
R2 = γR1
= 2,363 N
M1 = R2.b.ddesak2
= 263451937,5 Nmm
M2 = Mn - M1
= 263451937,5 Nmm

Luas Tulangan Desak Perlu (As')

As' = M2/(Fy.ddesak)
= 1226,5 mm2
Diameter tulangan (D) = 22 mm
Luas tulangan (As D) = π/4.D2
= 380,132 mm2
Jumlah tulangan perlu (n)
n = As/As D
= 3,22
= 4 btg
As ada = n . As D
= 1520,53 mm2
Tulangan Desak 4 D 22

3. Perhitungan Tulangan Tarik

Luas Tulangan Tarik (As)
As = ρ perlu.b.d tarik
= 2741,887 mm2
Diameter tulangan (D)= 25 mm
Luas tulangan (As D) = π/4.D2
= 380,132mm2
Jumlah tulangan perlu (n)
n = As/As D

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 = 7,21
= 6 btg
As ada = n . As D
= 2280,8 mm2
Tulangan Tarik 6D 22

4. Kontrol Momen Tersedia (Mn)

a = (n.Fy)/(0,85*F'c.b)
= 0,282 mm
Mn = 0,85.F'c.a.b(d-a/2)
= 1288461,176
0,8Mn = 1030768,941

0,8Mn > Mu+ → Aman

5. Perhitungan Tulangan Susut
Diameter tulangan (D)= 12 mm
As D = π/4.D2
= 113,097 mm2
Luas Minimun Tulangan Susut
Asst = 0,002.b.h
= 432 mm2
Jumlah Tulangan Perlu
n = Asst/As D
= 3,819
= 4 Tulangan

7.4 PERHITUNGAN MOMEN KAPASITAS

7.4.1 Momen Kapasitas Negatif (Mpr - )
As ada ddesak = 2280,8 mm2
As ada dtarik = 2280,8 mm2

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Cc = 0,85.F'c.a.b
= 8500 c
Cs = As ada ddesak.ɛc.Es((c-d')/c)
= 1368477,76 ((c-d')/c)
Ts = As ada dtarik . 1,25 . Fy
= 1140398,133 Mpa

Cc+Cs-Ts = 0
8500 c+ 1368477.76 ((cd')/c) -1140398
8500 c2 + 1368477.76 c -1.29E+08 -1E+06
2
8500 c 228079.6267 c -1.29E+08

c1 = 110,332 mm
c2 = -137,165 mm
c = 110,232 mm

Fs' = ɛc.Es((c-d')/c)
= 88,8 Mpa
Fs' < Fy
Fs' pakai = 88,8 Mpa

a = 0,85c
= 93,78 mm
MPr- = (0,85.F'c.a.b.(ddesak-a/2)) + (As ada ddesak.Fs'.(d-d'))
= 480430725,2 Nmm
= 480,4307252 kNm

0,85MPr- = 480,4307252 kNm

0,85MPr- > MPr- → Aman

7.4.2 Momen Kapasitas Negatif (Mpr +)

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As ada ddesak = 2280,79 mm2
As ada dtarik = 2280,79 mm3

Cc = 0,85.F'c.a.b
= 8500 c
Cs = As ada dtarik.ɛc.Es((c-d')/c)
= 1368477,76 ((c-d')/c)
Ts = As ada ddesak . 1,25 . Fy
= 1140398,133 Mpa

Cc+Cs-Ts = 0
8500 c+ 1368477.76 (c-d')/c -1140398
2
8500 c+ 1368477.76 c -1.29E+08 -1140398.1
8500 c2 228079.6267 c -1.29E+08

c1 = 110,33 mm
c2 = -137,165 mm
c = 110,33 mm
Fs' = ɛc.Es((c-d')/c)
= -32,169 Mpa
Fs' < Fy
Fs' pakai = 400 Mpa
a = 0,85c
= 92,78 mm
MPr+ = (0,85.F'c.a.b.(ddesak-a/2)) + (As ada desak.Fs'.(d-d'))
= 741854209,4 Nmm
= 741854209,4 kNm

0,8MPr+ = 593,48 kNm

0,8MPr+ > Mu+ → Aman

7.5 PERHITUNGAN TULANGAN GESER ( SENGKANG )

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Data struktur dan material
L netto = 8000mm
Mpr- = 696203 Nmm
Mpr+ = 421523 Nmm
Vu- = 382,57 kN
= 382574 N
Vu+ = 382,57 kN
= 382574 N
H = 600 mm
B = 400 mm
d tarik = 506 mm
d desak= 537 mm

Mutu Bahan
fc' = 25 Mpa
Tulangan (P) = 10 mm
fy D ≤ 12 = 240 Mpa
fy D >12 = 400 Mpa

Gaya Geser akibat gempa ( Ve )

Ve = (Mpr- + Mpr+)/L netto
= -34,335 N

Gaya geser ultimate ( Vu )

Vu1 = Ve + Vu+
= 382540 N

Vu2 = Ve + (-Vu-)
= -382608 N

Daerah luar sendi plastis

Vc = 1/6 x √𝑓𝑐′ x b x d desak

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 = 179000 N

Vc < Vu
Perlu Sengkang
Vs = Vu1/0,75
= 510052,89 N

Jarak antar sengkang ( s )

Jumlah kaki = 2
Tulangan (P) = 10 mm
As tulangan = 1/4π D²
= 78,539816 mm²
S = (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑘𝑎𝑘𝑖 𝑥 𝐴𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑓𝑦 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑘 )/𝑉𝑠
= 39,7 mm

Spasi Maksimum s= 300

s = d/2
= 268,5
s = 8 x db
= 504
s = 24 x ds
= 1512

S Pakai = 150 mm

Jadi sengkang lapangan menggunakan 2P10-150

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Daerah luar sendi plastis

x/Vu2 = (L-x)/Vu1
-3060866680 382608x = 382539.6651x
68.6699x = 3060866680

x = 44573645.71
x = 44573645.71mm
L' = L -x
= -44565646 mm
x = 2h
= 1200 mm

L'/Vu1 = (L-x)/y
-44565646 y = -17048586232461.5
y = 382549.9655 N
Tidak Perlu
y > Vu1 Sengkang

Perlu Sengkang
Vs = (y/0,75)-Vc
= 331066,62 N

Luas tulangan perlu (As)

Jumlah kaki = 2
Tulangan (P) = 10 mm²
As tulangan = 1/4 π D²

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 = 78,53981634 mm²

S = (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑘𝑎𝑘𝑖 𝑥 𝐴𝑠 𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑓𝑦 𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑘 )/𝑉𝑠

= 42.943765 mm

Spasi Maksimun s = 300

s = d/4
= 134,375
s = 8 x db
= 4196
s = 24 x ds
= 12144

S Pakai = 100 mm

Jadi sengkang tumpuan menggunakan 2P10-100

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